WO2001068524A1 - Materiau carbone destine au stockage d'hydrogene et son procede de preparation, materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe et son procede de fabrication, pile et pile a combustible utilisant le materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe - Google Patents
Materiau carbone destine au stockage d'hydrogene et son procede de preparation, materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe et son procede de fabrication, pile et pile a combustible utilisant le materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001068524A1 WO2001068524A1 PCT/JP2001/002127 JP0102127W WO0168524A1 WO 2001068524 A1 WO2001068524 A1 WO 2001068524A1 JP 0102127 W JP0102127 W JP 0102127W WO 0168524 A1 WO0168524 A1 WO 0168524A1
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- carbonaceous material
- hydrogen
- gas
- hydrogen storage
- carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
- B01J20/205—Carbon nanostructures, e.g. nanotubes, nanohorns, nanocones, nanoballs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0021—Carbon, e.g. active carbon, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes; Treatment thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/127—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/242—Hydrogen storage electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage and a fuel cell therefor, and a battery using the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage and a fuel cell.
- the present invention relates to a production method, a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and a method for producing the same, a battery and a fuel cell using the hydrogen storage carbonaceous material, and more particularly to a method capable of efficiently storing a large amount of hydrogen, being lightweight, repetitive.
- Hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and method for producing hydrogen storage carbonaceous material that can be used and is safe and has no risk of causing resource and environmental problems, hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and method for production thereof, hydrogen storage carbonaceous material And a fuel cell using a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material.
- Hydrogen is attracting attention as an energy source to replace such fossil fuels. Hydrogen is contained in water, is inexhaustible on the earth, and contains a large amount of chemical energy per substance. In addition, hydrogen has the advantage of being a clean and inexhaustible alternative to fossil fuels because it does not emit harmful substances or greenhouse gases when used as an energy source .
- hydrogen is in a gaseous state at normal temperature and normal pressure, so it is difficult to handle compared to liquids and solids, and the density of gas is very small compared to liquids and solids, so chemical energy per volume is low. They are small and difficult to store and transport.
- hydrogen is a gas and easily leaks, and if leaked, there is a danger of explosion, which is a major obstacle to the utilization of hydrogen energy.
- the storage density of hydrogen is usually about 70 mg / cc, and the storage density of hydrogen is considerably large. Cooling to 250 ° C or lower is required, and additional equipment such as a cooling device is required, which not only complicates the system but also requires energy for cooling. is there.
- a hydrogen storage alloy is considered to be the most effective material.
- lanthanum nickel, vanadium, and magnesium hydrogen storage alloys are known.
- the typical hydrogen storage density is around 100 mg / cc, which is higher than the density of liquid hydrogen, despite the fact that hydrogen is stored in other substances. It is a target.
- hydrogen can be absorbed by the hydrogen storage alloy and hydrogen can be released from the hydrogen storage alloy at a temperature of room temperature, and furthermore, by equilibrium with the hydrogen partial pressure. Since the state of storage of hydrogen is controlled, handling is easier than with high-pressure gas or liquid hydrogen. It also has the advantage of being easy.
- the hydrogen storage alloy is heavy because the constituent material is a metal alloy, and the amount of hydrogen storage per unit weight is only about 2 Omg / g, which is not sufficient, and the hydrogen storage alloy is hydrogen gas.
- the structure is gradually destroyed and the performance is degraded due to repeated occlusion and release, and furthermore, depending on the composition of the alloy, there may be a resource problem or an environmental problem.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-270801 proposes a method in which fullerenes are subjected to an addition reaction of hydrogen to occlude hydrogen.
- a covalent chemical bond is formed between the carbon atom and the hydrogen atom, so it should be called hydrogenation rather than occlusion, and the amount of hydrogen that can be added by the chemical bond
- the upper limit of is basically limited to the number of unsaturated bonds of carbon atoms, so there is a limit to the amount of hydrogen absorbed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 110-72291 discloses that fullerenes are used as a hydrogen storage material, and the surface of the fullerenes is covered with a catalytic metal such as platinum by vacuum evaporation or sputtering to remove hydrogen. Techniques for occluding are proposed. In order to cover the surface of fullerenes by using platinum as a catalyst metal, it is necessary to use a large amount of platinum, which not only increases the cost but also poses a resource problem.
- the present invention is a hydrogen storage device that can efficiently absorb a large amount of hydrogen, is lightweight, can be used repeatedly, is safe, and has no risk of causing resource and environmental problems. Carbonaceous material and method for producing the same, hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and method for producing the same, It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery and a fuel cell using a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the object of the present invention.
- molecules chemically or physically adsorbed on the surface of the carbonaceous material have an obstacle in storing hydrogen in the carbonaceous material.
- these molecules are heated at a predetermined temperature to heat these carbonaceous materials prior to absorbing hydrogen. It has been found that they can be effectively removed, and that the hydrogen storage capacity of carbonaceous materials can be greatly improved.
- the present invention has been made based on this finding. Prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm or more, the carbonaceous material is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 800 ° C or less. The resulting carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage.
- the present invention is capable of producing a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage having a significantly improved hydrogen storage capacity by subjecting the carbonaceous material to a heat treatment at a temperature of 800 ° C. or lower prior to storing hydrogen. It is capable of efficiently absorbing large amounts of hydrogen, is lightweight, can be used repeatedly, is safe, and has no risk of causing resource or environmental problems. Can be obtained.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, wherein the carbonaceous material is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less prior to absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm or more. And is a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material obtained by storing hydrogen obtained by this method.
- the present invention provides a hydrogen storage carbon material in which a large amount of hydrogen is stored by simply heat-treating a carbonaceous material at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less and storing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm or more. Materials can be produced, so large amounts of hydrogen can be efficiently absorbed, lightweight, reusable and safe, with no risk of causing resource or environmental problems It is possible to obtain a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage. Further, the present invention is a method for producing a hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material in which a carbonaceous material is heat-treated at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less so as to absorb hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm or more.
- the present invention has a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte interposed therebetween, A battery in which the negative electrode and / or the positive electrode contains a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material obtained by heat-treating a carbonaceous material at a temperature of 800 ° C. or lower and storing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm or more.
- the present invention is an alkaline storage battery using an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide for the electrolyte, during charging, the ton moves from the positive electrode to the negative electrode via the alkaline aqueous solution and is stored there.
- protons can be moved from the negative electrode side to the positive electrode side via the alkaline aqueous solution.
- the present invention is a hydrogen-air battery using a polyfluorosulfonic acid polymer electrolyte membrane or the like as an electrolyte
- protons previously stored in the hydrogen electrode by charging or occlusion treatment are used during discharge. It is supplied to the air electrode via the polymer electrolyte membrane. Therefore, the battery according to the present invention can stably extract power.
- the present invention has a laminated structure of a negative electrode, a proton conductor, and a positive electrode, and further heat-treats a carbonaceous material at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less,
- a fuel cell including a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material that stores hydrogen at a pressure and configured to release hydrogen and supply the hydrogen to a negative electrode.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention has a laminated structure of a negative electrode, a proton conductor, and a positive electrode, and further heat-treats a carbonaceous material at a temperature of 800 ° C. or less, It contains a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material that stores hydrogen at hydrogen pressure and has a hydrogen storage unit configured to release hydrogen and supply it to the negative electrode, so that the hydrogen released from the hydrogen storage unit is Protons are generated by the catalysis in the above, and the generated protons move to the positive electrode together with the protons generated by the Butaton conductor, and generate electromotive force while being combined with oxygen to generate water. Therefore, the fuel cell according to the present invention can supply hydrogen more efficiently and increase proton conductivity as compared with the case where the hydrogen storage unit is not provided.
- the hydrogen to be occluded includes not only a hydrogen molecule and a hydrogen atom but also a proton which is a nucleus of hydrogen.
- the carbonaceous material is preferably heat-treated at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 800 ° C. Further, the carbonaceous material is preferably heat-treated under an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas used is nitrogen gas, helium gas, neon gas, argon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas or radon gas.
- the carbonaceous material used here is composed of a carbonaceous material selected from the group consisting of fullerene, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon soot, nanocapsule, bucky onion, and carbon fiber ⁇ fullerene
- Any spherical carbon molecule may be used, and all of the carbon atoms of 36, 60, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, etc. are used in the present invention.
- the carbonaceous material has on its surface fine particles of a metal or metal alloy having a function of separating hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms or further into protons and electrons.
- the average particle size of the metal or alloy particles is preferably 1 micron or less, and the metal may be iron, rare earth element, nickel, cobalt, palladium, rhodium, platinum, or an alloy of one or more of these metals.
- a metal or alloy selected from the group is preferably used.
- a carbonaceous material with a curvature such as fullerene, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon soot, nanocapsule, bucky onion, and carbon fiber
- the metal or its alloy is mixed into the rod of the graphite, and the presence of such metal or its alloy during the arc discharge causes the catalytic action of these metal or its alloy.
- the yield of the carbonaceous material is increased, and the production of the hydrogen storage carbonaceous material having a curvature can be promoted.
- these metals or their alloys When these metals or their alloys are used to produce carbonaceous materials such as fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers by the laser abrasion method, they become catalytic. It is known to function, and it collects carbonaceous materials such as fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers produced by the method, and converts them into carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage. By adding and mixing, the surface of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage may have these metals or alloys thereof.
- a carbonaceous material containing these metals or alloys or At least 10% by weight of fine metal particles having a catalytic ability to separate hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms, and further into protons and electrons, on at least the surface of the carbonaceous material not containing these metals or alloys. It is carried below.
- Preferable metals having such a catalytic activity include, for example, platinum or a platinum alloy.
- sputtering, vacuum deposition chemical methods A known method such as mixing can be used.
- a chemical loading method using a solution containing a platinum complex or an arc discharge method using an electrode containing platinum is applied. be able to.
- the chemical loading method for example, an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid is treated with sodium hydrogen sulfite or hydrogen peroxide, and then, a carbonaceous material is added to the solution, and the mixture is agitated to remove platinum fine particles or platinum alloy fine particles. It can be supported on a carbonaceous material.
- platinum or a platinum alloy is partially incorporated into the electrode portion of the arc discharge, and the platinum or platinum alloy is evaporated by arc discharge to evaporate it on the carbonaceous material stored in the chamber. It can be attached.
- the hydrogen storage capacity can be further improved compared to a case where the metal or alloy is not supported, and furthermore, amine-based molecules such as fluorine donors, which are electron donors, are converted to carbonaceous materials. It has been found that charge separation occurs more efficiently when mixed or combined with materials.
- hydrogen when the above-mentioned metal or alloy is supported on the surface of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage, hydrogen can be stored more efficiently and in a larger amount, and it is lightweight and easy to transport. It can be used repeatedly at room temperature without structural damage, and is safe to handle. You.
- the amount of metal catalysts such as platinum can be reduced, and carbonaceous materials such as fullerenes, which are the starting materials, can be easily produced at low cost, and there is no problem in resource procurement. It is possible to exhibit excellent practicability that sometimes does not cause problems such as environmental destruction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an alkaline storage battery (secondary battery) to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cycle characteristics of the alkaline storage battery according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of the hydrogen-air battery according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the discharge characteristics of the hydrogen-air battery according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the discharge characteristics of another hydrogen-air battery according to the present invention.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION hereinafter, specific configurations of a fuel cell and a secondary battery using a carbonaceous material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention includes a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2, which are arranged to face each other.
- an oxygen electrode is used for the positive electrode 1
- a fuel electrode or a hydrogen electrode is used for the negative electrode 2.
- the positive electrode 1 has a positive electrode lead 3 and a catalyst 5 dispersed or adhered thereto.
- the negative electrode 2 also has a negative electrode lead 6 and a catalyst 7 dispersed or adhered thereto.
- a proton conductor 8 is sandwiched between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.
- hydrogen 12 as fuel is supplied to the flow path 13 on the negative electrode 2 side through the inlet 11, discharged from the outlet 14, and discharged from the positive electrode 1 side.
- Air 15 is supplied from inlet 16 to channel 17 and outlet 1 8 is configured to be discharged.
- Protons are generated while hydrogen 12, which is the fuel supplied from the inlet 11 to the flow path 13, passes through the flow path 13, and the generated protons are generated in the proton conductor 8. Move to the positive electrode 1 side with the bronton. As a result, the gas is supplied from the inlet 16 to the channel 17 and reacts with oxygen in the air 15 going to the outlet 18, whereby a desired electromotive force is extracted.
- a carbonaceous material such as fullerene, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon soot, nanocapsule, bucky onion, and power ponfiber is supplied to the hydrogen supply source 10 with nitrogen gas.
- a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material obtained by performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 100 ° C. to 800 ° C. in an atmosphere and then absorbing hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of 100 atm is used.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention is characterized in that protons are dissociated and protons supplied from the negative electrode 2 move to the positive electrode 1 side in the proton conduction section 8, so that the proton conductivity is high. Therefore, a humidifying device or the like, which was conventionally required for proton conduction, is not required, so that the system can be simplified and reduced in weight.
- a single nanofiber is produced by the CVD method to produce a carbon nanofiber with a diameter of about 200 nm.Before performing the thermobalance measurement, a catalyst or other material is used until the purity is 95% or more. The impurities were sufficiently removed.
- the carbon nanofiber was heated at 400 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere of 1 atm to prepare a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 1.
- the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material # 1 thus prepared was placed in a sample chamber without exposing it to air, introduced with 50 atm of hydrogen, and allowed to stand for one day. The change in mass of # 1 was measured.
- the amount of stored hydrogen is a value obtained by dividing the mass of hydrogen absorbed by the mass of carbon.
- heat treatment of each carbon nanofiber was performed, and hydrogen absorption was measured in the same manner. This was the same as the case where heat treatment was performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- a single nanotube fiber with a diameter of about 200 nm is produced by the CVD method—bon nanofibers.Before performing thermobalance measurement, impurities such as catalyst are removed until the purity is 95% or more. Removed well.
- the carbon nanofiber thus obtained was placed in a thermogravimeter with the sample tub in a 14.3 mg thermobalance, and the inside of the thermogravimetry container was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen gas. .
- the carbon nanofiber was heated at 800 for 6 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1 atm to prepare a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 2.
- the thus prepared carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 2 was put into a sample chamber without exposing it to air, and 50 atm of hydrogen was introduced.After leaving it for one day, the mass of the carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 2 was measured. The change was measured.
- the hydrogen storage amount is 18.9% by weight.
- the hydrogen storage amount is a value obtained by dividing the mass of hydrogen absorbed by the mass of carbon.
- nitrogen gas atmosphere helium gas atmosphere, argon gas atmosphere, xenon gas atmosphere
- heat treatment of each carbon nanofiber was performed, and hydrogen absorption was measured in the same manner. This was similar to the case where the heat treatment was performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- a single nanotube fiber with a diameter of about 200 nm is produced by the CVD method.
- a pon nanofiber is manufactured, and sufficient impurities such as catalysts are obtained until the purity is 95% or more before performing thermobalance measurement. Removed.
- the thus obtained carbon nanofiber is put into a sample forceps in a 14.3 mg thermobalance, set in a thermogravimeter, and the inside of the thermogravimetry container is filled with nitrogen gas. Replaced well.
- the carbon nanofiber was heated at 400 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 1 atm to prepare a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 3.
- the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material # 3 thus prepared was put into a sample chamber without exposing it to air, and 100 atmospheres of hydrogen was introduced.
- the hydrogen storage amount is a value obtained by dividing the mass of hydrogen absorbed by the mass of carbon.
- nitrogen gas atmosphere helium gas atmosphere, argon gas atmosphere, xenon gas atmosphere
- heat treatment of each carbon nanofiber was performed, and hydrogen absorption was measured in the same manner. This was similar to the case where the heat treatment was performed in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- a single nanotube fiber with a diameter of about 200 nm is produced by the CVD method—bon nanofibers.
- impurities such as catalysts are used until the purity is 95% or more. Was sufficiently removed.
- thermogravimeter with a sample force of 14.3 mg in a thermobalance, set in a thermogravimeter, and the inside of the thermogravimeter is sufficiently filled with nitrogen gas.
- the carbon nanofiber was heated at 800 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere of 1 atm to prepare a carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage # 4.
- the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material # 4 thus prepared was placed in a sample chamber without being exposed to air, introduced with 50 atm of hydrogen, and allowed to stand for one day.
- the hydrogen storage amount is a value obtained by dividing the mass of hydrogen absorbed by the mass of carbon.
- a nitrogen gas atmosphere instead of a nitrogen gas atmosphere, a helium gas atmosphere, an argon gas atmosphere, In a xenon gas atmosphere, the carbon nanofibers were each subjected to heat treatment, and the amount of hydrogen absorbed was measured in the same manner. The results were the same as in the case of heat treatment in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the above example relates to an example of the present invention obtained by subjecting carbon nanofiber, which is a carbonaceous material, to heat treatment at 400 ° C. or 800 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the carbonaceous materials for hydrogen storage # 1 to # 4 were found to exhibit extremely high hydrogen storage capacity when placed under 50 atm of hydrogen gas or 100 atm of hydrogen gas.
- An alkaline storage battery was manufactured as follows.
- a paste was prepared by adding 3% by weight of carboxymethylcellulose to 10 g of spherical nickel hydroxide and 1 g of cobalt hydroxide having an average particle diameter of 30 ⁇ m and kneading with water. Filling the paste into the foamed nickel porous body with a porosity of 95%, Drying, after pressurizing, punched, diameter 2 0 mm, thickness 0. 7 mm c of manufacturing a positive electrode
- hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material # 4 was prepared. According to Example 4, 100% of carboxymethylcellulose was added to the hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material at 100 atm. Water was added to prepare a kneaded paste. The paste was filled into a foamed nickel porous material having a porosity of 95%, dried and pressed, and then punched to obtain a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 0. A 5 mm negative electrode was fabricated.
- an alkaline storage battery (secondary battery) schematically shown in FIG. 2 was prepared using a 7 N aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide as an electrolytic solution.
- a positive electrode 1 and a negative electrode 2 are built in a battery container 20 with an electrolytic solution 21 interposed therebetween. From each of the electrodes, a positive electrode lead 3 and a negative electrode lead 6 are connected to the outside of the battery container 20. Has been taken out.
- a hydrogen-air battery was manufactured as follows.
- Example 2 a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material # 2 was prepared. According to Example 2, hydrogen was stored at 100 atm to obtain a hydrogen storage carbonaceous material. The hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and an alcohol solution of a polymer electrolyte composed of perfluorosulfonic acid were dispersed in n-butyl sulphate to prepare a catalyst layer slurry.
- a carbon non-woven fabric having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m is immersed in an emulsion solution of a fluorine-based water repellent, dried, and heated to 400 ° C. to perform a water-repellent treatment on the carbon non-woven fabric. did. Subsequently, the carbon nonwoven fabric was cut into 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm, and the catalyst layer slurry prepared as described above was applied to one surface.
- a 50- ⁇ m-thick polymer electrolyte membrane made of perfluorosulfonic acid was bonded to the coated surface of the nonwoven fabric coated with the catalyst layer, and then dried.
- a paste is prepared by adding 5% of carboxymethylcellulose and water to the same hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material used to prepare the air electrode, and this paste is used as a foamed nickel porous material having a porosity of 95%. After filling and drying, a hydrogen electrode having a thickness of 0.5 mm was produced by applying pressure and cutting into 4 cm ⁇ 4 cm.
- the hydrogen electrode is superimposed on the bonded body of the air electrode and the perfluorosulfonic acid polymer electrolyte membrane obtained above as described above, with the polymer electrolyte membrane inside, and both sides are firmly secured with a 3 mm thick Teflon plate. It was pinched and fixed with bolts.
- the Teflon plate arranged on the air electrode side is provided with a large number of holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm in advance so that air can be smoothly supplied to the electrodes.
- Fig. 4 shows the schematic structure of the hydrogen-air battery assembled in this way.
- the hydrogen electrode 31 and the air electrode 32 are arranged opposite to each other with the polymer electrolyte membrane 30 therebetween. Is sandwiched between a Teflon plate 33 and a Teflon plate 35 provided with a large number of air holes 34, and the whole is fixed with bolts 36, 36. De 37 and cathode lead 38 are each taken out.
- the hydrogen storage carbonaceous material and the fuel cell using the hydrogen storage carbonaceous material include: Not only fuel cells, but also other batteries such as alkaline storage batteries and hydrogen-air batteries can be widely used for storing hydrogen as well as other applications.
- the present invention is capable of efficiently storing a large amount of hydrogen, is lightweight, and is repetitive.
- a hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material and a method for producing the same which can be used, are safe, have no risk of causing resource and environmental problems, a hydrogen-absorbing carbonaceous material and a method for producing the same, It is possible to provide a battery using the same and a fuel cell using the hydrogen storage carbonaceous material.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/221,812 US7037622B2 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2001-03-16 | Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage and method for preparation thereof, carbonaceous material having hydrogen absorbed therein and method for preparation thereof, cell and fuel cell using carbonaceous material having hydrogen absorbed therein |
AU2001241180A AU2001241180A1 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2001-03-16 | Carbonaceous material for hydrogen storage and method for preparation thereof, carbonaceous material having hydrogen absorbed therein and method for preparationthereof, cell and fuel cell using carbonaceous material having hydrogen absorbe d therein |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000-74432 | 2000-03-16 | ||
JP2000074432 | 2000-03-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001068524A1 true WO2001068524A1 (fr) | 2001-09-20 |
Family
ID=18592482
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/002127 WO2001068524A1 (fr) | 2000-03-16 | 2001-03-16 | Materiau carbone destine au stockage d'hydrogene et son procede de preparation, materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe et son procede de fabrication, pile et pile a combustible utilisant le materiau carbone renfermant de l'hydrogene absorbe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7037622B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001241180A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001068524A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7774145B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2010-08-10 | Dexcom, Inc. | Transcutaneous analyte sensor |
KR20160148055A (ko) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-23 | 쥬코쿠 덴료쿠 가부시키 가이샤 | 수소 함유수 생성용 전극 및 수소 함유수 생성 장치 |
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- 2001-03-16 WO PCT/JP2001/002127 patent/WO2001068524A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2001-03-16 AU AU2001241180A patent/AU2001241180A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-16 US US10/221,812 patent/US7037622B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7774145B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2010-08-10 | Dexcom, Inc. | Transcutaneous analyte sensor |
KR20160148055A (ko) * | 2013-01-31 | 2016-12-23 | 쥬코쿠 덴료쿠 가부시키 가이샤 | 수소 함유수 생성용 전극 및 수소 함유수 생성 장치 |
KR101714597B1 (ko) | 2013-01-31 | 2017-03-22 | 쥬코쿠 덴료쿠 가부시키 가이샤 | 수소 함유수 생성용 전극 및 수소 함유수 생성 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030108474A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
AU2001241180A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
US7037622B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
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