WO2001065620A2 - Pile a combustible et procede pour traiter le gaz de processus destine a une pile a combustible - Google Patents

Pile a combustible et procede pour traiter le gaz de processus destine a une pile a combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001065620A2
WO2001065620A2 PCT/DE2001/000606 DE0100606W WO0165620A2 WO 2001065620 A2 WO2001065620 A2 WO 2001065620A2 DE 0100606 W DE0100606 W DE 0100606W WO 0165620 A2 WO0165620 A2 WO 0165620A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
process gas
reactor
exhaust air
cathode side
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/000606
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001065620A3 (fr
Inventor
Franz Reichenbach
Karl Eck
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Vodafone Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Vodafone Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to AU52099/01A priority Critical patent/AU5209901A/en
Publication of WO2001065620A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001065620A2/fr
Publication of WO2001065620A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001065620A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell with a device comprising at least one reactor for processing the process gas (fuel) for the fuel cell and a method for processing the process gas for a
  • fuel cell In a fuel cell, hydrogen is burned catalytically with the oxygen from the air, releasing energy in the form of heat and electrical current.
  • fuel cell also means fuel cell systems which are formed from a large number of elementary fuel cells
  • interconnector Several fuel cells are usually connected in series to achieve a high performance to form a so-called fuel cell stack.
  • the connecting element of two fuel cells is known under the name interconnector or bipolar plate
  • Hydrogen can be produced from hydrocarbons on the one hand by the process of partial oxidation (POX), in which case oxygen must be added to the reaction.
  • POX partial oxidation
  • hydrogen can also be obtained by steam reforming from other fuels such as methanol or methane
  • Anode catalysts such as platinum are "poisoned" even at the lowest carbon monoxide concentrations, ie they already occur
  • the performance loss of a membrane fuel cell with CO contents between 10 ppm and 250 ppm is, for example, between 20 and 90%, depending on the anode catalyst and depending on the load.
  • One possible method for cleaning the process gas consists of a two-stage treatment, in which the process gas firstly has one or more preliminary stages, the so-called shift stages (HTS high-temperature shredding stage and / or TTS
  • the process gas is finely cleaned by supplying oxygen by oxidizing the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.
  • the process gas, which has been cleaned in this way, is fed to the anode of the fuel cell
  • oxygen and water vapor are required.
  • the oxygen is required for preferential oxidation (PROX), the water vapor or the water for the homogeneous water gas reaction in the shift stage / stages
  • DE 195 31 852 C1 discloses a fuel cell with a drainage system in which the product water from the fuel cell is disposed of via a water separator. Furthermore, external moistening of the membrane of the fuel cell is unnecessary. However, there is no mention of the use of the product water for cleaning the product gas
  • a disadvantage of the above-mentioned devices and methods for process gas cleaning and product water supply for a fuel cell is the need for additional components, for example for water separation. These additional components make the fuel cell more expensive and complicated
  • an exhaust air line from the cathode side of the fuel cell is connected to a supply line of the process gas to the at least one reactor. This can require water and / or oxygen all or part of the gas treatment from the
  • a fuel cell according to the invention is preferred, the device for processing the process gas with a first reactor for generating the process gas from hydrocarbons by means of partial oxidation (POX), a first
  • Cleaning chamber for cleaning the process gas by means of a high temperature shift stage (HTS) and / or a second cleaning chamber for cleaning the process gas by means of a low temperature shift stage (TTS) and / or a second reactor for fine cleaning of the process gas by means of selective oxidation (PROX) is the exhaust line on the cathode side of the fuel cell at least one of the process gas supply lines connected to the aforementioned treatment stages
  • a fuel cell is particularly preferred in which the exhaust air line of the fuel cell with the respective process gas supply lines to the first reactor for the
  • Partial oxidation and connected to the second reactor for selective oxidation (PROX)
  • the respective proportion of the exhaust air flow can be selected according to the requirements of the respective reaction. This means that, for example, only a part of the exhaust air into the PROX reactor and the rest of the exhaust air from the fuel cell is fed into the POX reactor
  • the device for process gas processing has only one supply of the exhaust air flow from the fuel cell before the selective oxidation (PROX)
  • the fuel cell according to the invention can be provided with a device for measuring the 0 2 content in the exhaust stream of the cathode in order to measure the 0 2 consumption on the cathode side of the fuel cell
  • Battery in a vehicle in particular used as a drive battery in an electric vehicle
  • the object of the present invention is achieved according to the second aspect by a method for processing the process gas for a fuel cell with at least partial coverage of the water and / or oxygen requirements of the gas processing from the exhaust air flow from the cathode of the fuel cell by at least a part of the exhaust air flow to the process gas to be processed is metered
  • a process is preferred in which the process gas passes through one or more of the subsequent treatment stages. It can be produced from hydrocarbons in a first reactor by means of partial oxidation (POX), then pre-cleaned in a first cleaning chamber by means of a high-temperature shift stage (HTS) and then in a second Cleaning chamber further cleaned by means of a low temperature shift stage (TTS) and finally in a second and / or third and / or another Reactor can be finely cleaned by means of selective oxidation (PROX), the exhaust air flow from the cathode side of the fuel cell being metered into the process gas before at least one of the above-mentioned treatment stages
  • POX partial oxidation
  • HTS high-temperature shift stage
  • TTS low temperature shift stage
  • PROX selective oxidation
  • Fuel cell is carried out in at least two subsets immediately before at least two treatment stages, in particular before the partial oxidation (POX) and before and / or the stages of the selective oxidation (PROX)
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides for the electrical current generated by the fuel cell and the 0 2 content of the exhaust air flow to be measured on the cathode and, taking into account the determined values, supply exactly as much 0 2 to the cathode side as the total for the upstream (s) Preparation stage (s) of the process gas and the operation of the fuel cell is required
  • the amount of process gas currently required results from the amount of electrical current.
  • the treatment of the process gas in turn requires a certain minimum amount of oxygen be determined to the cathode.
  • a method is preferred in which the oxygen requirement on the cathode side of the fuel cell is covered by air supply
  • the solution of the object of the invention is therefore based on the concept of covering the air and water supply of the fuel cell from the exhaust air flow of the fuel cell
  • the fuel cell consists of two electrode spaces.
  • the anode space is flowed through by hydrogen, and hydrogen ions form when electrons are released.
  • the cathode space through which air flows, the hydrogen ions react with oxygen to form water. This means that the exhaust air flow on the cathode side always contains water Since air and thus also oxygen must be supplied in excess for the reaction in the fuel cell, this means that the exhaust air from the cathode always contains oxygen
  • the air is preferably metered in such amounts that the exhaust air from the fuel cell contains exactly as much oxygen as is required for the partial oxidation and the selective oxidation.
  • the exhaust gas stream from the cathode can thus be used directly for the oxygen supply for the partial oxidation
  • only a part of the gas stream of the cathode exhaust air is metered in before the partial oxidation and another part before the selective oxidation.
  • the oxygen contained in the cathode exhaust air supplies the partial oxidation, while the water vapor contained supplies the subsequent homogeneous water gas reaction
  • the water requirement in the shift stages can be covered regularly by the water content in the supplied cathode exhaust air stream.
  • the excess and unused water migrates through the
  • Shift stage and selective oxidation and is used for moistening the membrane on the anode side
  • the membranes of the fuel cell do not have to be moistened in a complex manner, and no complex condensation for obtaining water by cooling the cathode exhaust gas stream has to be carried out.
  • the nitrogen and excess water supplied by the cathode inlet leave the fuel cell as exhaust gas on the anode side and are thus eliminated out of circulation This leads to the fact that this system can be constructed very simply in comparison to previously known fuel cells.
  • Oxygen demand in the fuel cell can be calculated from the current that the fuel cell supplies
  • a first reactor 1 for a partial oxidation the fuel (for example methanol) supplied via a line 10 is partially oxidized with the oxygen from the cathode exhaust air of the fuel cell 7 supplied through an exhaust air line 8.
  • the process gas is then fed through the feed lines 12, 13 to the shift stages 2 3 supplied
  • the water portion from the exhaust air flow of the fuel cell 7 is partly consumed in the high-temperature shift stage 2 and in the low-temperature shift stage 3.
  • the excess water (water vapor) is available for moistening the membrane on the anode side 5 of the fuel cell 7
  • the process gas passes from the low-temperature shift stage 3 via a feed line 14 to a reactor 4 for a selective oxidation (PROX). Further oxygen is required there, which is also metered in via the exhaust air line 8.
  • the unused one Water vapor which is contained in this part of the cathode exhaust air stream, is also available for moistening the membrane of the anode side 5 of the fuel cell 7.
  • the anode side 5 is connected
  • the hydrogen that has left the selective oxidation reacts, consuming oxygen from the supply air line 6 and forming water on the cathode side 9 of the fuel cell 7.
  • the amount of oxygen supplied via the supply air line 6 must be at least as large as the need in the fuel cell 7 and in the partial and in the selective oxidation 1 or 4.
  • the oxygen not consumed in the fuel cell 7 leaves the fuel cell 7 with the water formed and becomes the in front of the reactors of the selective oxidation 4 and the partial oxidation 1 Process gas metered.
  • the oxygen is completely consumed after the selective oxidation.
  • the nitrogen supplied by the air, excess water and other residual gas (in particular Co 2 ) leave the fuel cell 7 as exhaust gas on the anode side 5
  • the reactors 1, 2, 3 and 4 can also be arranged in another suitable manner. Such arrangements are known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, selective oxidation can be carried out in one or two stages. One, two or more reactors can be used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour traiter le gaz de processus destiné à une pile à combustible. Selon l'invention, une conduite destinée au courant d'air évacué du côté cathode de la pile à combustible est reliée à la conduite d'amenée de gaz de processus à au moins un réacteur, pour le traitement du gaz, de telle sorte que la demande en hydrogène et/ou en oxygène nécessaire au traitement du gaz est complètement ou partiellement couverte par le courant d'air évacué du côté cathode de la pile à combustible.
PCT/DE2001/000606 2000-02-28 2001-02-13 Pile a combustible et procede pour traiter le gaz de processus destine a une pile a combustible WO2001065620A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU52099/01A AU5209901A (en) 2000-02-28 2001-02-13 Fuel cell and a method for processing the process gas for a fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10010402.9 2000-02-28
DE10010402A DE10010402A1 (de) 2000-02-28 2000-02-28 Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung des Prozeßgases für eine Brennstoffzelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001065620A2 true WO2001065620A2 (fr) 2001-09-07
WO2001065620A3 WO2001065620A3 (fr) 2002-12-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/DE2001/000606 WO2001065620A2 (fr) 2000-02-28 2001-02-13 Pile a combustible et procede pour traiter le gaz de processus destine a une pile a combustible

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5209901A (fr)
DE (1) DE10010402A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001065620A2 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976507A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
EP0061727A2 (fr) * 1981-03-26 1982-10-06 Energy Research Corporation Dispositif de pile à combustible utilisable pour vehicules et procédé dans lequel du combustible gazeux et de l'oxydant gazeux son introduits respectivement dans les parties anodique et cathodique d'une pile à combustible
DE19823499A1 (de) * 1997-05-27 1998-12-10 Sanyo Electric Co Wasserstofferzeugungsvorrichtung und Verfahren, das ohne Dampfversorgung arbeitet und für Brennstoffzellensysteme geeignet ist
EP0978476A1 (fr) * 1998-08-03 2000-02-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil et procédé de contrôle pour réacteur de reformage
WO2000016425A1 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-03-23 Questor Industries Inc. Generateur de courant electrique
JP2000192863A (ja) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 自動車用燃料蒸気処理装置
JP2000195534A (ja) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-14 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
WO2000079627A1 (fr) * 1999-06-23 2000-12-28 International Fuel Cells, Llc Systeme de mise en oeuvre pour usine electrique a piles a combustible
WO2001019727A1 (fr) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-22 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Appareil de production de gaz hydrogene et dispositif de pile a combustible

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976507A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
EP0061727A2 (fr) * 1981-03-26 1982-10-06 Energy Research Corporation Dispositif de pile à combustible utilisable pour vehicules et procédé dans lequel du combustible gazeux et de l'oxydant gazeux son introduits respectivement dans les parties anodique et cathodique d'une pile à combustible
DE19823499A1 (de) * 1997-05-27 1998-12-10 Sanyo Electric Co Wasserstofferzeugungsvorrichtung und Verfahren, das ohne Dampfversorgung arbeitet und für Brennstoffzellensysteme geeignet ist
EP0978476A1 (fr) * 1998-08-03 2000-02-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil et procédé de contrôle pour réacteur de reformage
WO2000016425A1 (fr) * 1998-09-14 2000-03-23 Questor Industries Inc. Generateur de courant electrique
JP2000195534A (ja) * 1998-12-24 2000-07-14 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2000192863A (ja) * 1998-12-25 2000-07-11 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 自動車用燃料蒸気処理装置
WO2000079627A1 (fr) * 1999-06-23 2000-12-28 International Fuel Cells, Llc Systeme de mise en oeuvre pour usine electrique a piles a combustible
WO2001019727A1 (fr) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-22 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Appareil de production de gaz hydrogene et dispositif de pile a combustible

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 10, 17. November 2000 (2000-11-17) -& JP 2000 192863 A (AISAN IND CO LTD), 11. Juli 2000 (2000-07-11) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 10, 17. November 2000 (2000-11-17) -& JP 2000 195534 A (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP), 14. Juli 2000 (2000-07-14) *
SHOESMITH J P ET AL: "STATUS OF SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT" JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, ELSEVIER SEQUOIA S.A. LAUSANNE, CH, Bd. 49, Nr. 1/3, 1. April 1994 (1994-04-01), Seiten 129-142, XP000540739 ISSN: 0378-7753 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001065620A3 (fr) 2002-12-12
AU5209901A (en) 2001-09-12
DE10010402A1 (de) 2001-09-06

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