WO2001061118A1

WO2001061118A1 - Method for insulating against heat and/or cold and/or sound and/or fire, and device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: WO2001061118A1
Application number: PCT/DE2001/000598
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reinhard Scholz
Original assignee: Scholz, Florian
Priority date: 2000-02-16
Filing date: 2001-02-15
Publication date: 2001-08-23
Also published as: US20030046894A1; JP2003529000A; EP1255898A1; DE10006878A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for insulating against heat and/or cold and/or sound and/or fire according to which the walls (5, 29, 25) are lined with one or more insulating bodies (1) of which each is comprised of two interspaced plates (2) whose intermediate space (4) is filled with insulation material, sealed in an air-tight manner from the exterior, and evacuated of air. The air content or the vacuum in the intermediate space (4) of the insulating body/bodies (1) and thus the thermal conductivity or sound conductivity thereof is changed according to the ambient temperature, the internal temperature and/or the external temperature or to the prevailing noise level in the area or space (7, 8, 21, 32, 34) to be insulated. The insulating effect of the insulation can thus be increased and adapted to respective needs, and the insulation can also be made transparent if required in order to utilize the ambient temperature. When used for fire protection, the intermediate space (4) of the insulating body/bodies (1) can additionally be flooded with a non-flammable gas, e.g. Halon gas, said flooding being initiated by a fire detector.

Description

Process for insulation against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire and device for carrying out the process

description

The invention relates to a method for insulation against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, for which a wall or walls are covered with one or more insulating bodies, each of which consists of two spaced plates, the space between them with insulation material - Fills, has been sealed airtight and evacuated, and a device for carrying out the procedure.

Conventionally, only the outer or inner walls surrounding this room are clad with an insulating material for heat or cold insulation, but also for soundproofing a room. Soundproof walls are installed outdoors, for example, on busy streets. For fire protection on or in buildings, special firewalls are installed that are intended to prevent or at least delay the spread of a fire. The insulation materials used today mostly consist of a foamed plastic; its insulating effect is based on the low thermal conductivity of the plastic itself and the low thermal conductivity of the air bubbles enclosed in the plastic. The sound-absorbing property of the material is of greater importance for sound insulation. The thermal conductivity differs from plastic to plastic, but is always lower than that of air. This limits these insulating materials and the insulation effect that can be achieved with them due to the thermal conductivity of the air and the plastic used, as well as the fine porosity of the plastic. The thickness of the plastic cladding can only be increased to a certain extent to improve the insulation effect. For purely economic reasons, the volume of the insulation to be isolated Raums and its wall thicknesses are in a reasonable relationship to each other; this is most obvious in the case of transport containers, mobile refrigerated containers, liquid gas tanks etc.

In order to increase the dam or insulation effect of a closed-cell plastic insulating material, it is known from DE-OS 44 24 104 to first evacuate the production space for the closed-cell plastic, so that there is a negative pressure in it when the production of the Plastic is started; Accordingly, the individual cells of the finished plastic also enclose a certain vacuum - each forms a vacuum cell - whereby the thermal conductivity is again significantly reduced compared to cells filled with air. The spherical shape of the cells can later withstand normal atmospheric pressure.

The production of plastic under vacuum or in a vacuum room is very complex and cost-intensive and only makes sense for closed-cell plastics. The reuse of plastic waste in the production of such plastics is only possible to a limited extent and is environmentally harmful, since plastic waste of all kinds comes together in the collection of plastic waste.

According to the information sheet of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology "Innovation Aktuell" from November 9, 1999, a vacuum insulation system is known in which insulation panels are used, which consist of stainless steel sheets that are welded to profile frames. The cavity between the stainless steel sheets is filled with a special fine-pored insulation material and then a fine vacuum is created inside the panel. Since the thermal conductivity in vacuum is practically zero, the thermal insulation is further improved. The thickness of these panels can be significantly reduced compared to the otherwise used, foamed plastic panels in order to achieve the same dam effect.

All known on the outer walls of a container or one Warm or cold insulation to be installed in buildings has a certain constant, unchangeable thermal conductivity or dam effect, in the case of vacuumed plastics it may deteriorate over time due to the air being emitted. They prevent or insulate both warming from the outside at high or relatively high ambient temperatures, for example in daylight, and cooling, ie heat dissipation from a room to the outside at low ambient temperatures, i.e. at night or cool weather. In order to maintain a constant temperature, for example in the rooms of a building, complex and cost-intensive air conditioning systems are currently required, which are often detrimental to the well-being and health of the people in the rooms. The constant insulation, which remains the same, often leads to the formation of condensation and mold in the rooms, which can usually only be insufficiently counteracted by ventilation by opening the windows.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for insulation against warm and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, which are significantly more effective than conventional methods and devices, without using a very specific type of plastic, such as closed-cell plastic or a special fine-pored insulation material, and to be dependent on a complex process for its production. It should be possible to reuse plastic waste on a large scale without having to put up with an additional environmental impact during processing. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the insulation used should be variable according to the respective requirements. Both the method and the manufacture and operation of the device should be inexpensive, environmentally friendly and energy-saving. The potential for use should be as diverse as possible.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the air content or the vacuum in the intermediate space of the or the insulating body and thus its or its thermal or acoustic conductivity is changed depending on the ambient, internal and / or external temperature or the prevailing noise level in the area or room to be insulated. The "goodness" of the vacuum or the proportion of air in the intermediate space changes the thermal conductivity and also the transferability of sound waves and can be adapted to the requirements. In order to be able to use solar energy when tempering a living room, for example, to approx. 20 ° C, the insulation can be made transparent when the outside temperature reaches 20 ° C so that heat can be exchanged. Conversely, if a room needs to be cooled, a low outside temperature can be used.

The space between the insulating body or bodies is preferably program-controlled, m dependent on the ambient temperature or the internal temperature and / or the outside temperature or the prevailing sound level in the area or room to be isolated, if necessary evacuated or ventilated.

The inside temperature of a room to be insulated can be regulated by a controller to a setpoint value preselected by this controller by evacuating and venting the space of the insulating body or bodies as required.

The air volume or the vacuum in the intermediate space of the insulating body or bodies can be controlled by the controller depending on the difference between the setpoint of the inside temperature of the room to be insulated and the outside temperature. Likewise, the air volume or the vacuum in the space between the insulating body or bodies can be controlled as a function of a measured sound level. The air volume or the vacuum can also be controlled depending on the time. In low-noise times or when the temperature does not have to be kept at a certain value temporarily, the vacuum does not need to be (fully) maintained, which means that energy can be saved. When used as fire protection, the space between the insulating body (s) can also be flooded with a non-flammable gas, eg halon gas, if a fire detector responds.

In a device for carrying out the method, the space between one or more insulating bodies is connected on the one hand to the suction connection of a vacuum pump and on the other hand to the one connection of a ventilation valve, both of which are connected to output connections of a controller by a control connection; at the inputs of this controller, a first sensor measuring the inside temperature of the room to be insulated and a second sensor measuring the outside temperature of the room to be insulated are connected and the operation of the vacuum pump and the opening and closing of the ventilation valve are dependent on the controller measured inside and / or outside temperature of the room to be insulated under program control.

Likewise, the vacuum pump and the ventilation valve can be connected by a control connection to the output connections of a control device, to the inputs of which a measuring sensor measuring the sound level of an area to be monitored is connected; The operation of the vacuum pump and the opening and closing of the ventilation valve is then carried out by the control device, depending on the measured sound level, preferably program-controlled.

When used in a fire protection system, the space between one or more insulating bodies can be connected on the one hand to the suction connection of a vacuum pump and on the other hand via a valve closed in its starting position to the connection of a gas pressure container which is connected to a non-combustible gas, e.g. Halon gas is filled; when a fire detector responds, the valve is used to flood the or

Spaces controlled and opened with the non-combustible gas. The space between one or more insulating bodies can be connected to the vacuum pump and the ventilation valve via a pneumatic buffer.

If a shut-off valve which can be controlled by the temperature regulator and which works together with a pressure regulator switched on between the gap or spaces and the temperature regulator is switched on between the gap or spaces between one or more insulating bodies and the pneumatic buffer, the total operating time of the vacuum pump can be shortened be reduced, which reduces energy consumption. The operational safety of the system can be increased by monitoring the shut-off valve.

A plurality of insulating bodies for cladding or sheathing a wall of a room to be insulated or for erecting a soundproof wall or firewall can advantageously be assembled in modules; the interspaces of these modular insulating bodies can be connected to one another and form a common interspace.

The interspaces of modularly composed insulating bodies can, however, also be sealed airtight against one another, so that the air content or the vacuum in these interspaces can be controlled differently. This is particularly advantageous if e.g. different rooms of a building or several compartments of a transport vehicle are to be regulated or adjusted to different internal temperatures. The excellent dam effect allows simultaneous transport e.g. of frozen goods, fresh goods and dry freight in multi-chamber vehicles.

A measuring point at which the air pressure in the intermediate space can be measured and checked is then preferably provided at each of the intermediate spaces which are sealed airtight. This greatly simplifies and speeds up troubleshooting and the elimination of faults due to any leaks that may occur. Otherwise necessary expensive There is no need for heat analyzes.

For fire protection, one or more insulating bodies can be embedded in a fire wall of a building.

The soundproof wall between an area to be shielded from sound and a sound source can be clad on the side facing the sound source with one or more insulating bodies, the plate of the insulating body or the insulating bodies facing the sound source then advantageously

Sound source h can be curved. As a result, sound waves reflected on the plate are directed back towards the sound source and less the surroundings.

The space which widens upwards due to the curvature of one plate of the insulating body can be stiffened by means of permeable partition walls or struts.

The insulating body which can be used in the invention preferably consists of two spaced-apart plastic plates, the space between which is sealed off from the outside in an airtight manner is filled with shredded plastic waste. All types of plastic waste can advantageously be used here in any mixture without having to be subjected to any special intermediate treatment. This relieves waste management and protects the environment. At least part of the problem of rot-proof plastics can be solved.

The plastic plates can be connected to one another at a distance by support struts; they are thereby kept at a safe distance and the stability of the insulating body is increased. The shape of the insulating body can preferably be adapted to the surface of the wall of a room or object to be insulated.

The method and the device for its implementation are universally applicable wherever heat, cold or fire should be insulated. Soundproofing is also improved. Without claiming to be complete and without wishing to restrict it, only a few application areas for the invention are mentioned here by way of example:

Construction technology, insulation technology, aerospace technology, vehicle technology, shipping technology, underwater technology, water supply and disposal, medical, chemical and biotechnology, research and laboratory technology, clothing technology, in particular sportswear. Areas of application in buildings are soundproof walls and soundproof ceilings, fire protection walls, storey ceilings, sound recording rooms, protective rooms, tap-proof rooms and other questions. Furthermore, for the industry and the motor vehicle sector, sound insulation cabins for machines of all kinds, for motor vehicles, rail vehicles, rail superstructures, ship turbines, airplanes, space vehicles, etc. are to be considered. In residential areas, noise protection on motorways, rail routes, parts of buildings, roller shutter systems, door systems, etc. can be improved.

The layer on the walls to be vacuumed according to the invention only needs to be a few millimeters in most cases, which results in an enormous gain in usable space, for example in transport vehicles. The outer walls themselves can also be made less strong. E.g. Today, in buildings with conventional insulation to achieve the low-energy house, wall thicknesses of 36.5 cm are bricked and insulated, using the insulation according to the invention only requires a wall thickness of 10 cm. The house or the room to be insulated in general becomes a hot or cold storage unit as required. Energy is saved that can be used for other purposes.

In the prefabricated house construction, the insulation could be completely omitted in the wooden frame construction, since the cavities can be evacuated with a corresponding construction, which simplifies the application of the invention and the advantages of the prefabricated house construction The invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the attached drawing:

Fig. 1 shows the structure of an exemplary plate-shaped

Insulating body, as it can be used according to the invention,

2 schematically shows a device according to the invention, for example in connection with a building wall,

3 illustrates the method according to the invention on

Example of a house to be insulated against excessive heat and cold,

4 shows another application example for the method according to the invention,

5 shows an example of the invention on the wall structure of a building,

6 illustrates the application as sound insulation for a machine,

Fig. 7 shows an application as fire and sound insulation and

8 shows a soundproof wall on a traffic road.

The insulating body 1 in FIG. 1 consists of two plates 2 which are connected to one another at a distance from each other by, for example, grid-shaped support struts 3 provided with through openings (not shown), which on the one hand maintain the distance between the plates 2 and on the other hand the stability of the insulating body 1 ensure. The plates 2 can be held in a frame, not shown. The space 4 between the plates 2 is hermetically sealed to the outside, for example with the help a sealable foil enclosing the insulating body 1 can be done. First, however, the intermediate space 4 is kept open on one side, preferably upwards, so that it can be filled with plastic granules or preferably shredded plastic waste. A wide variety of plastic wastes can be used in any mixture, which do not require any further treatment. After filling, the intermediate space 4 is finally sealed airtight to the outside, and the air released therein is pumped out with the aid of a vacuum pump via a connection provided for this purpose. If the connection for the vacuum pump is then also sealed airtight, an insulating body 1 is obtained which has similar thermal conductivity properties to the closed-cell foamed plastic produced under vacuum and thereby through the plates 2, the support struts 3 and one of the plates 2 frame that maintains good stability. The plates 2, the frame supporting them and the support struts 3 can also all be made of plastic, which not only reduces the weight compared to the known panels made of stainless steel plates welded in m profile frames, but also significantly reduces the production costs. The lower weight also makes the application options more diverse and transport and assembly easier. Since there is no sound transmission in a vacuum, such insulators are also ideal for sound shielding wherever this is required or desired.

The insulating body 1 can itself, as shown in FIG. 1, have a flat plate shape, but it can also be any other, e.g. be given a curved shape, which adapts to a specific surface to be clad, for example that of a boiler wall, a pipe or even a building.

A plurality of insulating bodies 1 can be used to clad a wall of a room to be insulated against warm or cold or sound. mes are connected to each other in a modular manner and thus adapted to the specified dimensions and shapes. The interstices 4 of the insulating bodies 1 connected to one another in a modular manner can be connected to one another, so that ultimately a common interstice 4 is created. However, it can also be advantageous if the interspaces 4 of individual insulating bodies 1 remain airtight against one another. This makes it easier to troubleshoot and correct faults, for example as a result of leaks that may occur over time.

In order to change the thermal conductivity or sound insulation of an insulating body 1 and thus to external circumstances, such as Outside temperature or traffic, or at different setpoints of the inside temperature, e.g. to make it adaptable during the day and night, the intermediate space 4 of one or more insulating bodies 1 remains connected to the vacuum pump and the operation of the vacuum pump is controlled according to a program and thus the negative pressure m in the intermediate space 4 and thus the thermal conductivity and / or sound insulation of the insulating body 1 changed.

This is shown schematically and by way of example in FIG. 2 using the temperature control in a building. With 5 the outer wall of any building is designated, which is divided into its interior by false ceilings 6 and intermediate walls, not shown, into different rooms 7, 8. The outer wall 5 is clad on its outer surface with plate-shaped insulating bodies 1, as described above. The outwardly facing surface of the insulating body 1 can be provided with a conventional exterior plaster 9. The insulating bodies 1 are part of the controlled system of a control circuit with which the internal temperature in rooms 7, 8 of the building is to be regulated and maintained at a specific value, for example 20 ° C. Depending on the time of year and the weather, either the warmth of the sun should be used to heat rooms 7, 8 or excessive heating of rooms 7, 8 should be avoided, for which purpose the thermal conductivity of the insulating bodies 1 must be made variable , For this purpose, the intermediate space 4 of the insulating bodies 1 filled with plastic granulate or crimped plastic is connected, preferably via a pneumatic buffer 10, both to a vacuum pump 11 and to a ventilation valve 12, via which the negative pressure m influences the intermediate spaces 4 by means of a regulator 13 , ie can be changed and can also be completely canceled by ventilation. For this purpose, the controller 13 is supplied with the value of the inside temperature of the building or its rooms 7, 8 by a first sensor 14 and the value of the outside temperature via a second sensor 15. In the controller 13, the current value of the internal temperature is compared as the actual value of the controlled variable with its setpoint value and, in the event of a deviation by an output signal, the vacuum pump 11 or the ventilation valve 12 is controlled accordingly and thus the vacuum or air content in the insulating bodies 1 and thus whose thermal conductivity changed accordingly. In addition, it is also possible to control the thermal conductivity of the insulating bodies 1 as a function of the current outside temperature determined by the second sensor 15.

In addition, m is indicated at 16 in FIG. 16 the possibility of controlling the heat permeability of the insulating body 1 in question for a room 7 or 8 depending on whether a window 17 is open or closed in order to avoid unnecessary cooling of the room when the window 17 is open , A contact 18 is connected to the window sash, which reports to the controller 13 when the window 17 is open, in order to then activate the insulation of the room, so that the heat stored in the room is not dissipated via the outer wall, or only to a reduced extent can.

A shut-off valve 37 can be inserted between the insulating bodies 1 or their spaces 4 and the pneumatic buffer 10, which works together with a pressure regulator 38 provided for monitoring the negative pressure. As a result, the operating time of the vacuum pump 11 is shortened with a corresponding design of the pneumatic buffer 10 and the energy consumption is reduced. In addition, by monitoring the shut-off valve 37 the operational reliability of the system can be increased.

The mode of operation of the method and the device for carrying it out becomes clear from the summary of FIGS. 2 and 3.

The outer walls 5 of a building 19 m in FIG. 3 are clad with plate-shaped insulating bodies 1 according to FIG. 2, and the spaces 4 between them, as described above, are connected to a control device. The interior space (s) 7 of the building 19, for example of a residential building, should be kept at a constant temperature of 20 ° C. in terms of heating technology. To do this, not only the room air but also the surrounding walls must be heated. As long as the outside temperature is below 20 ° C, a dissipation of heat from the building through the outer walls 5 must be avoided. That is, the spaces 4 of the insulating body 1, with which the outer walls 5 are clad, are evacuated by the connected vacuum pump 11 to the extent that the thermal conductivity is reduced so that virtually no heat can be dissipated from the building 19. If the outside temperature reaches 20 ° C and more, the insulation is made transparent by separating the vacuum pump 11 from the insulating bodies 1 and venting them or their interstices 4 by opening the ventilation valve 12, ie increasing the thermal conductivity so that heat from can be directed outside into the building 19. Solar energy is thus used to heat the rooms 7 of the building 19 and the walls 5 surrounding them. Before the inside temperature in the building 19 can rise too much due to the solar radiation, the ventilation valve 12 is closed again via the controller 13, to which the value of the inside temperature is reported by the first sensor 14, and if necessary the space 4 of the insulating body 1 is closed again by the Vacuum pump 11 (partially) evacuated. The internal temperature is regulated to a desired value by the controller 13 by setting the negative pressure or the air content in the intermediate space 4 of the insulating bodies 1 to a value by opening and closing the ventilation valve 12 and disconnecting and connecting the vacuum pump 11. is set, which results in a thermal conductivity of the insulating body 1, which keeps the internal temperature constant. This value is in turn dependent on the outside temperature, which is reported to the controller 13 by the sensor 15, so that it can be adjusted by the controller 13 in the same way.

In contrast to conventional heating and air-conditioning systems, this temperature control of the interior or interior of a building does not result in air circulation in the rooms and no swirling of dust particles and bacteria with their unpleasant or even harmful consequences, so that the well-being of people is considerably increased. Since the walls of the building breathe, as it were, due to the variability of their thermal conductivity and there is constant temperature compensation, no condensation can form in the rooms and mold growth is avoided.

As already mentioned, the insulating bodies 1 are assembled in a modular manner in order to be able to cover a larger area such as the outer walls of a building here, the interstices 4 of the individual modules being connected to one another or being able to be airtightly sealed off from one another as required. This makes it possible to keep different rooms 7, 8 of a building at different temperatures. For this purpose, the intermediate spaces 4 of the insulating bodies 1, which cover the outer wall of one space 7, are connected to one another, but are sealed airtight against that of another, adjacent space 8. According to a corresponding program, the controller 13 can control the air volume or the vacuum in the relevant interspaces 4 so differently that the internal temperature of the rooms 7, 8 is regulated to different values.

The method and device can also be used in cases where cooling, for example to a constant 6 ° C., has to be ensured, such as for the cooling transport of food. In these cases, the insulation is made transparent in the manner described as soon as the outside temperature rises 6 ° C and below, so that the low outside temperature then provides cooling by dissipating heat from the interior to the surroundings, thus saving energy.

Another application example is shown in FIG. 4. In, for example, very warm areas, where the water supply is a problem and the drinking water has to be required through pipelines over long distances, the conduit pipes 20 can be encased with the insulating bodies 1 of the type described and the temperature inside the conduit pipe 20 by controlling the air content or negative pressure in the intermediate space 4, the insulating body 20 can be regulated to, for example, a constant 6 ° C., so that undesired heating of the water and losses due to evaporation are avoided. The insulating bodies 20 are also assembled in this case in sections 22 in a modular manner. The spaces 4 of the individual insulating bodies 1 or sections 22 preferably remain airtight against one another and a measuring point 22 can be provided in each of the sections 22, at which the pressure in the respective space 4 can be checked. In this way, faults that occur as a result of leaks can be located and remedied quickly and easily. The costly heat analyzes required for this with conventional insulation can be omitted. Fig. 5 shows the application of the invention to the firewall 24 of a building to improve fire protection. The one or more insulating bodies 1 are embedded in the fire wall 24 between two buildings or parts of buildings, for example between row houses. For this purpose, the firewall 24 is constructed in two layers. When the wall is pulled up, a layer 24 'can first be created, after which the insulating bodies 1 are attached and fastened to this layer 24'; then the second layer 24 "of the fire wall 24 is completed. The evacuated insulating bodies 1 already offer improved fire protection due to their reduced thermal conductivity. The spreading of flames is prevented or at least substantially due to the lack of oxygen in the interstices 4 of the insulating bodies 1 fire protection can can be further optimized by additionally flooding the intermediate space 4 of the insulating bodies 1 with a non-combustible gas, for example halon, in the event of a fire. For this purpose, the intermediate space 4 is connected via a normally closed valve 25 to a gas pressure container 26 which is filled, for example, with halogen gas. In addition, as already described with reference to FIG. 2, there is a connection to the vacuum pump 11 via a valve 27 and a pneumatic buffer 10. In the event of a fire, the valve 25 is opened, triggered by a fire detector, and the intermediate space 4 is fed with halon gas. If the fire wall 24 is damaged by the fire from one side and the flames penetrate as far as the insulating body 1, so that this becomes leaky, the halon gas can escape from the intermediate space 4 of the insulating body 1 in question and further out of the pressure container 26 flow around the room where the fire started. As a result of the deprivation of oxygen, the flames cannot spread any further and the fire is finally suffocated.

Normally, if no fire is reported, it works

Insulating body 1 in the firewall 24 in the manner described above as normal sound and heat and cold insulation.

The gas pressure vessels 26 can be built in the buildings; the halonization of the insulating body 1 can be carried out centrally controlled by a computer system. The application is particularly suitable for buildings that are very high and are already equipped with a building management system for the air conditioning systems. Retrofitting is possible here without major problems with conversions in the individual floors. The costs here are also reasonable, as recycled plastics can be used and there are no major structural problems. By using non-combustible recycled plastics, fire regulations are also taken into account. The control can be adapted to the requirements of the respective application in the same way as with warm and cold insulation, for example, the insulation can be made more or less transparent, so that according to the a gas exchange can take place.

5 shows an example of the wall structure of a soundproofing cable for a machine 28 with large larval development, e.g. a press or a rocking machine. The machine 28 is enclosed by a soundproof cabin, the walls 29 and ceiling 30 of which are lined with insulating bodies 1 from the inside. The spaces 4 of the individual insulating bodies 1 can preferably be connected to one another at the connection points 31. The spaces 4 overall are connected to the vacuum pump 11 in the manner already described via the valve 27 and the pneumatic buffer 10. Here, the insulating bodies 1 act primarily as sound insulation to the outside, since sound waves are not transmitted in an air-free space. The soundproofing only has to be fully effective during the operation of the machine 28. Therefore, the evacuation of the spaces 4 of the insulating bodies 1 can be controlled depending on the sound level via a control, not shown. A safety precaution can also be provided, which means that the machine 28 can only be operated with effective sound insulation, that is to say a vacuum in the spaces 4.

FIG. 7 shows the wall structure of an interior 32, the walls 29 and ceiling 30 of which are lined from the inside with insulating bodies 1 in a butt joint, similar to the sound insulation in FIG. 6. The intermediate spaces 4 of the insulating bodies 1 are in turn connected to a vacuum pump 11 via a valve 17 and a pneumatic buffer 10, so that normal sound insulation and warm and cold insulation, as described above, can initially take place. In addition, the intermediate spaces 4 are connected via a further valve 25, which is normally closed, to a gas pressure container 26, in which an incombustible gas, for example halon gas, is stored. Should a fire break out in the room 32, the insulating bodies 1 act directly as fire protection due to the vacuum prevailing in their intermediate spaces 4 and prevent the fire from spreading to neighboring rooms for a short time. Furthermore, the valve 25 is controlled by a fire alarm and the gaps 4 are opened flooded with halon gas and thus significantly increased the effectiveness of fire protection. If the interstices 4 are damaged or leaky by the fire, the halon gas also flows into the interior 32; Due to the deprivation of oxygen, the flames are suffocated in a short time, so there is also direct fire fighting. If the insulating body 1 remains undamaged and the interspaces 4 remain tight, the halon gas can be extracted and reused after the fire.

In Fig. 8 the construction of a soundproof wall on e.g. a busy traffic road. At 33, the area to be protected against noise, e.g. a residential area, suppose at 34 a sound source, e.g. a traffic route or a rail route. Between the area 33 to be protected and the traffic road 34, a soundproof wall 35 has been erected, the surface of which faces the sound source is lined with insulating bodies 1. The plate 2 ′ of the insulating body 1 facing the traffic road as sound source 34 is preferably curved such that sound waves reflected on it are deflected back in the direction of sound source 34 or traffic road. The space 4 which thus arises between the curved plate 2 'and the planar plate 2' 'of the insulating body 1 which bears against the soundproof wall 35 can be stabilized by a plurality of permeable partition walls 36. In this case too, the space 4 is vacuumed or connected via a valve 25 and a pneumatic buffer 10 to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum enclosed in the intermediate space 4 additionally has a sound-absorbing effect and can be adjusted to the noise level in a controlled manner via the vacuum pump.

The invention has been described using various application examples, but its application possibilities are practically unlimited; it can be used wherever heat and / or cold, noise or fire are to be insulated.

Claims

claims

1. Method for insulation against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, for which purpose a wall or walls are clad with one or more insulating bodies (1), each of which consists of two spaced plates (2), the space between them ( 4) filled with insulation material, sealed airtight to the outside and evacuated,

characterized,

that the air content or the vacuum m in the interspace (4) of the insulating body (s) and thus its or their heat or conductivity, depending on the ambient temperature, the internal temperature and / or the external temperature or the prevailing noise level in the area to be isolated or Room (7, 8, 21, 32, 34) is changed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of the or the insulating body (1) program-controlled, depending on the ambient, the inside temperature and / or the outside temperature or the prevailing sound level in the area or room to be isolated ( 7, 8, 21, 32, 34) is evacuated or ventilated if necessary.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the internal temperature of a room to be insulated (7, 8, 21) from a controller (13) to a desired value selected in the controller (13) by evacuating and venting the intermediate space (4 ) of the insulating body (1) is regulated.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the air content or the vacuum m the space (4) of the or the insulating body (1) depending on the difference between the setpoint of the internal temperature of the room to be insulated (7, 8, 21) and the outside temperature is controlled by the controller (13).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air content or the vacuum of the intermediate space (4) of the or the insulating body (1) is controlled depending on a measured sound level.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air content or the vacuum m the space (4) of the or the insulating body (1) is controlled as a function of time.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of the or the insulating body (1) when a fire detector responds with a non-combustible gas, e.g. Halon gas being flooded.

8. A device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of one or more insulating bodies (1) on the one hand with the suction connection of a vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand with the one connection of a ventilation valve (12) is, both of which are connected by a control connection to output connections of a controller (13), at the inputs of which a first sensor (14) measuring the inside temperature of the space to be insulated (7, 8, 21) and a second sensor, the outside temperature at the to be insulated room (7, 8, 21) measuring sensor (15) are connected and that the operation of the vacuum pump (11) and the opening and closing of the ventilation valve (12) by the controller (13) depending on the measured interior - And / or outside temperature of the room to be insulated (7, 8, 21) are program-controlled.

9. A device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of one or more insulating bodies (1) is connected on the one hand to the suction connection of a vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand to the one connection of a ventilation valve (12) , both of which are connected via a control connection to output connections of a control device, at the inputs of which a measuring sensor measuring the sound level of an area to be monitored ler (14) is connected and that the operation of the vacuum pump (11) and the opening and closing of the ventilation valve (12) are program-controlled by the control device as a function of the measured sound level.

10. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of one or more insulating bodies (1) on the one hand with the suction connection of a vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand via a valve closed in its starting position ( 25) is connected to the connection of a gas pressure container (26) which is filled with a non-combustible gas and that the valve (25) is triggered by a control device when a fire detector responds to the flooding of the gap (s) (4) with the non-combustible Ren gas is controllable.

11. The device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the intermediate space (4) of one or more insulating bodies (1) via a pneumatic buffer (10) with the vacuum pump (11) and the ventilation valve (12) is connected.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that between the one or more spaces (4) of one or more insulating bodies (1) and the pneumatic buffer (10) a shut-off valve (37) controllable by the temperature controller (13) is switched on cooperates with a pressure regulator (38) switched between the intermediate space (s) (4) and the temperature regulator (13).

13. The device according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that a plurality of insulating bodies (1) for covering or sheathing a wall (5, 29, 30) of a space to be insulated (7, 8, 21, 32) are assembled in a modular manner, that the interstices (4) of the modular insulating body (1) are interconnected and form a common interstice (4).

14. Device according to one of claims 8 to 12, thereby indicates that several insulating bodies (1) for cladding or sheathing a wall (5, 29, 30) of a room to be insulated (7, 8, 21, 32) or for erecting a soundproofing wall or a fire wall are assembled in modules so that the spaces ( 4) the modularly composed insulating body (1) is sealed airtight against each other and the air volume or the vacuum in these spaces (4) can be controlled differently.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that a measuring point (23) is provided at each of the spaces (4) which are sealed airtight against one another, at which the air pressure in the space (4) can be measured.

16. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more insulating bodies (1) m a fire wall (24) of a building are embedded.

17. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproof wall (35) between an area to be shielded against sound (33) and a sound source (24) on the side facing the sound source (34) with one or more insulating bodies ( 1) are clad and the plate (2 ') of the insulating body (1) facing the sound source (34) is curved to the sound source (24).

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the space (4) which widens upward as a result of the curvature of the one plate (2 ') of the insulating body (1) is stiffened by permeable intermediate walls (36).

19. The device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating body (1) consists of two spaced-apart plastic plates (2), the space (4) of which is sealed off from the outside and is filled with sheared plastic waste. ,, "

20. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic plates (2) are connected to one another at a distance by support struts (3).

21. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating body (1) is adapted in its ^¬ ner form to the surface of the wall of a room to be insulated (7, 8, 21, 32) or object.