JP2003529000A - Method for insulating against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire and apparatus for performing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: The present invention is a method of insulating against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, for which one or more walls (5, 29, 25) are provided. Lined by a plurality of insulators (1), each of the insulators comprising two spaced apart plates (2), the intermediate space (4) being filled with an insulating material and the hollow being externally To a method that is hermetically sealed and evacuated. The air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space (4) of the insulator or insulators (1) and thus its or their thermal or acoustic conductivity is determined by the area or room (7, 8, 21, 32, 32, 34) depending on the ambient temperature, the internal temperature and / or the external temperature or the dominant noise level. In this way, the insulation action can be eliminated since the insulation action of the insulation device is increased and the insulation uses the ambient temperature as required. When used for fire protection, a fire alarm may trigger the hollow space (4) of one or more insulators to be filled with a non-combustible gas, such as halon gas.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention is a method for insulating against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, for which the wall or walls are lined with a single or a plurality of insulators, A method in which each of these consists of two spaced plates, the intermediate space between which is filled with an insulating material, the hollow space being hermetically sealed and evacuated towards the outside, and carrying out said method For a device for doing.

Conventionally, for heat or cold insulation, and also for soundproofing a room, the outer or inner wall surrounding the room is lined with an insulating material. In the field, for example, a soundproof wall is constructed on a road with heavy traffic. For fire protection of a building or its interior, in particular a fire wall is embedded to prevent or at least delay the spread of the fire. The insulating materials used today mostly consist of foamed plastics, the cushioning action of which is based on the low conductivity of the plastic itself and the low thermal conductivity of the air bubbles enclosed within the plastic. In the case of soundproofing, the sound absorbing properties of the material are more important. The thermal conductivity varies from plastic to plastic, but is always smaller than that of air. Therefore, these insulating materials and the blocking action achievable with them are also limited by the thermal conductivity of air and the plastics used and the microporosity of the plastics. The thickness of the plastic lining can only be increased to some extent to improve the barrier effect. Already for economic reasons, the volume of the room to be insulated and its wall thickness need to be mutually interchangeable. This is most noticeable, for example, in transport containers, mobile cooling containers and liquid gas tanks.

In order to increase the barrier or insulating action of the closed-cell plastic insulating material, from DE-A-4424104 the manufacturing space for the closed-cell plastic is first evacuated, whereby It is known to make the negative pressure dominate when starting the production of plastics. Based on that
The individual bubbles of the finished plastic also enclose a certain vacuum, i.e. each form a negative pressure bubble. Thereby, the thermal conductivity is still clearly reduced compared to the air-filled bubbles. The spherical shape of the bubbles can later sufficiently resist normal atmospheric pressure.

The production of plastics under vacuum or in a vacuum chamber is extremely tedious and extremely expensive and is of no value only in closed-cell plastics. Reuse of plastic waste is only possible with limited limits when producing such plastics and pollutes the environment. This is because, when collecting plastic waste, very different types of plastic are collected.

On November 9, 1999, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology information magazine “Innovation Akt
According to Uell ”, a vacuum insulation system is known, in which an insulating panel consisting of special steel plates welded to the forming frame is used. The hollow between the special steel plates has a special microporosity. The insulation material is filled and subsequently a high vacuum is created inside the panel, so that the thermal conductivity in the vacuum is practically zero, so that the insulation is further improved. Others can be made significantly smaller than common foamed plastics to achieve the effect.

Any known thermal or cold insulation attached to the outer wall of a container or building is
It has a certain, same, invariant thermal conductivity or blocking effect, which of course is exacerbated by the ingressing air over time in the case of evacuated plastics. These are external heating and / or cooling at high or relatively high ambient temperatures, for example during the daylight exposure to the sun, i.e. at low ambient temperatures and thus at night or in cold climates. Prevent or block derivation. For example, in order to maintain a constant temperature in the room of a building, at present there is still a need for expensive and costly air conditioning systems which are often detrimental to the health and health of the occupants. Furthermore, the insulation that is kept constant in its action often leads to the formation of condensed water and the formation of mold in the room, which the ventilation by opening the windows can often only be insufficiently controlled.

The object of the present invention is clearly more effective than the conventional methods and devices, and is not specific to a completely special kind of plastic, such as closed-cell plastic or special micro-cell insulating material, and of manufacturing To provide a method and a device for insulation against heat and / or cold air and / or acoustics and / or fires without the need to use complicated methods for In doing so, it should be possible to reuse a wide range of plastic wastes and yet not have to accept additional environmental pollution during processing. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the insulation used should be variable according to the respective requirements. The manufacturing method and the operation of the equipment should be inexpensive, eco-friendly and energy saving. Usability should be as diverse as possible.

According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is based on the invention, the air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators, and thus their or their thermal or acoustic conductivity, the ambient temperature in the area or room to be insulated, It is solved by varying depending on the internal temperature and / or the external temperature or the prevailing noise level. Therefore, it is possible to change the thermal conductivity and also the transmissivity of sound waves according to the degree of vacuum or the ratio of air in the intermediate space and meet the requirements. For example, when the outside temperature reaches 20 ° C, heat exchange can be performed so that the solar energy can be used when the temperature of the living space is adjusted to about 20 ° C, and the insulating action of the insulating device is eliminated. To (transparent)
be able to. Conversely, if room cooling is required, lower external temperatures can be utilized.

Advantageously, the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators is programmed to be required depending on the ambient temperature, internal temperature and / or external temperature in the area or room to be insulated or depending on the prevailing noise level. Exhaust or vent as appropriate.

The internal temperature of the room to be insulated can be adjusted by the regulator to the preselected target value in the regulator by means of evacuation and ventilation as required of the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators.

The air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators can be controlled by the regulator depending on the difference between the desired internal temperature of the room to be insulated and the external temperature. Similarly, the air content or vacuum in the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators can be controlled depending on the measured acoustic level. The air content and the degree of vacuum can also be controlled in a time-dependent manner. Thus, it is not necessary to hold the vacuum (completely) during periods of low acoustics or when it is not necessary to temporarily keep the temperature at a particular value, thereby saving energy.

When used as a fire protection means, in the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators,
When the fire alarm responds, it can be filled with non-combustible gas, such as halon gas.

In the device for carrying out the method according to the invention, the intermediate space of the insulator or insulators is connected on the one hand with the suction connection of the vacuum pump and on the other hand with one connection of the vent valve, Both of the connecting parts are connected to the output connecting part of the controller by one control connecting part, respectively, and the input part of the adjusting device has a sensor for measuring the internal temperature in the room to be insulated and a room to be insulated. A program for measuring the external temperature of the room is connected, and the operation of the vacuum pump and the opening / closing of the ventilation valve are programmed by the controller depending on the measured internal temperature and / or external temperature of the room to be insulated by the controller. Controlled.

Similarly, the vacuum pump and the vent valve may each be connected by one control connection to the output connection of the control device, the input of which controls the acoustic level of the area to be monitored. A sensor is connected, the operation of the vacuum pump and the opening and closing of the vent valve being carried out, preferably program-controlled, depending on the acoustic level measured by the control device.

When used in a fire protection device, the intermediate space of the insulation or insulations is provided with a non-combustible gas via the suction connection of the vacuum pump on the one hand and the valve closed in its starting position on the other hand. , Connected to the outlet of a gas pressure vessel filled with halon gas, for example, and the valve is controlled and opened by the control device to fill the intermediate space or spaces with a non-combustible gas when the fire alarm responds. Be done.

The intermediate space of the insulator or insulators is an air cushion (pneumatischer Pu).
ffer) and may be connected to the vacuum pump and the ventilation valve.

A shutoff valve controllable by a temperature controller is connected between the air cushion and one or more intermediate spaces of one or more insulators, and the shutoff valve has one or more intermediate spaces. By cooperating with a pressure controller connected between the temperature controller and the temperature controller, the total operating time of the vacuum pump can be shortened, thereby reducing energy consumption. The operational safety of the system can be improved by monitoring the shutoff valve.

Advantageously, it may be modularly configured for lining or surrounding the walls of the chamber in which a plurality of insulators are to be insulated or for constructing sound or fire barriers,
In this case, the intermediate spaces of the modularly arranged insulators are in communication with one another and can form a common intermediate space.

However, the intermediate spaces of the modularly arranged insulation may also be hermetically sealed to one another so that the air content or the degree of vacuum in these intermediate spaces can be controlled differently. This configuration is particularly advantageous, for example, when different rooms of a building or rooms of a vehicle are to be adjusted or adjusted to different internal temperatures. In this case, the excellent blocking action allows simultaneous transport of frozen, fresh and dry cargo, for example in multi-chamber vehicles.

Advantageously, in each intermediate space which is hermetically sealed to one another, a measuring point is provided in which the air pressure in the intermediate space can be measured. This facilitates and facilitates the search for defect locations and the elimination of failures that may occur due to leaks. Otherwise, the required thermal analysis is dispensed with.

As the fire protection means, one or more insulators may be embedded in the fire wall of the building.

The soundproof wall between the area to be shielded from sound and the sound source is lined on the side facing the sound source with one or more insulators, in which case one or more insulators The plate sound facing the sound source is preferably curved towards the sound source. Thereby, the sound waves reflected by the plate are redirected again towards the sound source and slightly around.

The intermediate space that expands upwards by the curvature of one plate of the insulator may be reinforced by a permeable intermediate wall.

Insulators usable in the present invention consist of two plastic plates, preferably spaced apart, shredded into the intermediate space which is hermetically sealed towards the outside of the plastic waste. Is filled. In this case, it is possible to use advantageously all types of plastic wastes in all existing mixtures, without having to carry out these special intermediate treatments. Thus, the cost of waste disposal is reduced and the environment is not polluted. The problem of non-perishable plastics can be eliminated, at least in part.

The plastic plates may be joined to one another at intervals by a support member. This ensures that the gap is maintained and the stability of the insulator is enhanced.

Advantageously, the insulator may be matched in its shape to the surface of the room or wall of the object to be insulated.

The method according to the invention and the device for implementing the method can be used universally wherever it should be insulated against heat or cold or fire. Soundproofing is also improved. less than,
By way of example, some areas of use for the present invention are given, but are not intended to be complete or limiting: construction technology, insulation technology, aviation and space flight technology, automotive technology, ship navigation. Technology, underwater technology, water supply and discharge, medical, chemical and biological technology, research and laboratory technology,
Garment technology, especially sports clothing technology. Areas of use in buildings include soundproof walls and ceilings, fireproof walls, level ceilings, recording rooms, shelters, eavesdropping safety rooms and others. Furthermore, for the industrial and automotive area, soundproof cabins for machines of all kinds, engine cars, rail cars, rail cars, ship turbines, airplanes, spacecraft, etc. are conceivable. In residential areas, sound insulation of motorways, railways, building parts, hoisting blind systems, door systems, etc. can be improved.

The layer of walls to be evacuated according to the invention often requires only a few millimeters, which leads to a great advantage of the available space, for example in haul vehicles. Also, the wall itself can be made thin. For example, today to achieve low energy homes in buildings with conventional isolation devices 3
When enclosed and insulated with an outer wall thickness of 6.5 cm, a wall thickness of only 10 cm is still required with the insulation device of the invention. The house or room to be insulated is generally a heat or cold store as needed. Energy is saved and can be used for other purposes.

In the prefabricated house, the insulation could be completely omitted in the case of the wooden frame structure. This is because the hollow space can be evacuated in the case of a corresponding construction, which simplifies the use of the invention and brings advantages to prefabricated houses.

[0030]   Next, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples with reference to the drawings.

The insulation 1 in FIG. 1 is arranged, for example, in a grid and comprises through holes (not shown) and on the one hand maintains the spacing between the plates 2 and on the other ensures the stability of the insulation. It consists of two plates 2 which are joined to one another at intervals by a support member 3. The plate 2 may be held in a frame (not shown). The intermediate space 4 between the plates 2 is hermetically closed to the outside, which can be done, for example, by a weldable film surrounding the insulator 1. In this case, the intermediate space 4 is first of all kept open sideways, preferably upwards, so that it can be filled with plastic granules or preferably shredded plastic waste. To that end, a wide variety of plastic wastes can be used, of any mixture which requires no further treatment. After filling, the intermediate space 4 is hermetically closed to the outside and the air enclosed therein is sucked out by means of a vacuum pump via the connection intended for it. The connection for the vacuum pump is then likewise hermetically closed to obtain an insulator 1, which has similar properties in terms of thermal conductivity to closed-cell foam plastics produced under vacuum. Moreover, at that time, sufficient stability is obtained by the plate 2, the supporting member 3, and the frame for holding the plate 2. In this case, the plate 2, the frame supporting the plate and the support member 3 may all likewise be made of plastic, which reduces the weight compared to a panel of special steel plates welded in the forming frame. Not only is it costly, but the manufacturing costs are also significantly reduced. The low weight also offers great versatility and ease of transport and installation. Since no acoustic transmission takes place in a vacuum, such an insulator is also very suitable for the always required or desired acoustic isolation.

The insulator 1 may itself have a flat plate shape, as shown in FIG. 1, but the insulator is made by using plastic as the material. It is possible to provide another, eg curved, shape which is compatible with the surface to be lined, for example a boiler wall, a tube or also the surface of a building.

A plurality of insulators 1 can be modularly interconnected and thus dimensioned and shaped for the lining of the walls of the room to be insulated against heat or cold or acoustics. . The intermediate spaces 4 of the insulators 1 which are modularly connected to one another may be in communication with one another so that a common intermediate space 4 is finally produced. However, it is also advantageous here if the intermediate spaces 4 of the individual insulators 1 remain hermetically sealed to one another. This simplifies the search for defects and the elimination of possible leak-based faults, for example in the course of time.

The thermal conductivity or soundproofing of the insulator 1 is variably adjusted to the external conditions thus provided, for example the external temperature or the number of vehicles passing through, or for example the desired value of the internal temperature during the day and at night. In order to be able to do so, the intermediate space 4 of the insulator or insulators 1 remains connected to the vacuum pump and the operation of the vacuum pump is controlled programmatically so that the negative pressure in the intermediate space 4 is reduced. As a result, the thermal conductivity and / or the soundproofing effect of the insulator 1 is changed.

FIG. 2 shows this schematically and by way of example with a temperature control device in a building. At 5, the exterior wall of any building is shown, the interior of which is divided into different rooms 7, 8 by an intermediate ceiling 6 and an intermediate wall not shown. The outer surface of the outer wall 5 is lined with the plate-shaped insulator 1 as described above. The upper surface of the insulator 1 may be provided with normal outer wall mortar. The insulator 1 is the part of the control section of the control circuit that seeks to regulate and maintain the internal temperature of the rooms 7, 8 of the building at a constant value, for example 20 ° C. In this case, during the daytime, depending on the season and the weather, the heat incident of the sun should be used to heat the rooms 7 or 8, or the excessive heating of the rooms 7 and 8 should be avoided. In order to do this, the thermal conductivity of the insulator 1 must be variable.

To that end, the intermediate space 4 of the insulation 1, which is filled with plastic granules or shredded plastic, is preferably connected via an air cushion 10 to a vacuum pump 11 as well as a vent valve 12. , Through which the regulator 13 influences the negative pressure in the intermediate space 4, i.e. the negative pressure can be changed,
And it can also be completely eliminated by a vent valve. To that end, the adjuster 13
It is possible to supply the value of the internal temperature of the building or its rooms 7, 8 from the first sensor 14 and the value of the external temperature via the second sensor. In the regulator 13, the actual value of the internal temperature as the actual value of the adjustment amount and its adjusted target value are compared and if the output signal has a deviation, the vacuum pump 11 or the vent valve 12 is corresponding. Controlled and thereby the degree of vacuum or the air content in the insulation 1 and thus its thermal conductivity is correspondingly changed. Furthermore, control of the thermal conductivity of the insulator 1 is also possible depending on the actual external temperature ascertained by the second sensor.

In addition, in FIG. 2 at 16, the window 17 is open for the room 7 or 8 in order to avoid unnecessary cooling of the room when the window 17 is open or Means are shown for controlling the thermal permeability of the insulator 1 depending on whether it is closed. The door of the window and the contact 18 are connected so that when the window 17 is open, the heat stored in the room cannot be dissipated through the outer wall or is reduced as much as possible. An alarm is issued to the regulator 13 in order to activate the insulation effect of the room, which can only be derived to a certain extent.

Between the insulator 1 or its intermediate space 4 and the air cushion 10, a shut-off valve 37 can be used which cooperates with a pressure regulator 38 provided for monitoring the negative pressure. Thereby, the operating time of the vacuum pump 11 is shortened and the energy consumption is reduced in the corresponding design of the air cushion 10. Further, the operation safety of the system can be improved by monitoring the shutoff valve 37 type.

From the overview of FIGS. 2 and 3, the mode of operation of the method according to the invention and the device for carrying out the method is clear.

The outer wall 5 of the building 19 in FIG. 3 is lined with the plate-like insulation 1 of FIG. 2 and its intermediate space 4 is connected to the control device as described above. The structure 19, for example the interior 7 or the interiors 7 of a dwelling, is heated 20
Should always be kept at the same temperature of ° C. For this, not only indoor air,
The surrounding walls must also be heated. As long as the external temperature is below 20 ° C., heat dissipation from the building through the outer wall 5 should be avoided. That is, the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 lining the outer wall 5 is exhausted by the connected vacuum pump 11 until heat can hardly be extracted from the building 19, and the heat conductivity is lowered. When the external temperature reaches 20 ° C. or higher, it is ventilated by shutting off the vacuum pump 11 from the insulator 1 and opening the vent valve 12 in the insulator or in the intermediate space 4 thereof, that is, the heat is externally applied to the building 9. By increasing the thermal conductivity so that it can be conducted, the insulating effect is eliminated. Thereby, solar energy is used for heating the room 7 of the building 19 and the wall 5 surrounding it. Building 9
Via the regulator 13, the value of the internal temperature of which is notified by the first sensor 14 before the internal temperature of the inside becomes too high due to the incidence of sunlight, the ventilation valve 12 is closed again and if necessary the insulator. The intermediate space 4 of 1 is again (partially) evacuated by the vacuum pump 11. Then, the internal temperature is controlled by the controller 13 so that the negative pressure or the air content in the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 keeps the internal temperature constant by opening / closing the ventilation valve 12 and disconnecting / connecting the vacuum pump 11. It is adjusted to the desired value by adjusting and re-adjusting it to a value that gives a thermal conductivity of 1. Since this value also depends on the external temperature reported to the controller 13 by the sensor 15, this value can be readjusted in the same manner by the controller 13.

Unlike the conventional heating and air conditioning systems, during said temperature control inside the building (s), indoor air circulation and dust particle and bacteria flow with undesired or even harmful consequences Does not occur, the health of the resident is significantly improved. Due to the variability of its thermal conductivity, the walls of the building breathe as if there were a continuous temperature equilibrium, so that no condensed water was formed in the room and mold formation could be avoided.

As already mentioned, the insulator 1 is constructed in a modular manner, in which case it is also possible to line a large surface such as the outer wall of a building, the intermediate spaces 4 of the individual modules then being They may be in communication with each other or, if desired, may be hermetically sealed to each other. For example, it is possible to keep the different rooms 7, 8 of a building at mutually offset temperatures. For this purpose, the intermediate spaces of the insulator 1 covering one chamber 7 communicate with each other, while the other adjacent chamber 8 is hermetically sealed. On the basis of a corresponding program, the regulator 13 can control the air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space 4 in question differently so that the internal temperature of the chambers 7, 8 can be adjusted to different values.

The method and the device according to the invention can be used exactly in the case where cooling has to be carried out, for example to a constant 6 ° C., for example in the refrigerated transport of foodstuffs.
In this case, as soon as the external temperature drops below 6 ° C., the low external temperature is utilized for cooling by heat dissipation from the inside to the surroundings, thus eliminating the insulating action of the insulation device so that energy can be saved. To do.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. For example, in extremely hot areas where water supply is problematic and drinking water must be transported through conduits over long distances, the conduit 20 may be surrounded by an insulator 1 conforming to the surface of a pipe of the type described above and the conduit 20 By controlling the air content or the negative pressure in the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1, the temperature in the interior 21 is constantly adjusted, for example to 6 ° C., so that losses due to undesired heating and evaporation of water are avoided. can do. In this case as well, the insulator 1 is modular in the part 22. The intermediate spaces 4 of the individual insulators 1 or parts 22 are preferably hermetically sealed to one another and to each of the parts 22 a measuring point with which the pressure in the respective intermediate space 4 can be controlled. May be provided. In that way, faults caused by leaks can be located and compensated quickly and easily. This eliminates the costly thermal analysis required in conventional insulation.

FIG. 5 illustrates the use of the present invention on a building fire wall 24 to improve fire protection. The insulator or insulators 1 are embedded in a fire wall between two buildings or building parts, for example row houses. For this reason, the fire wall 24 has a two-layer structure. In constructing a high fire wall, one layer 24 'can be manufactured first, and then the insulation 1 can be placed and fixed on this layer 24', and subsequently the second layer 24 "of the fire wall 24". The evacuated insulation 1 itself provides an already improved fire protection due to its reduced thermal conductivity.
This is prevented or at least significantly prevented by the lack of oxygen in the intermediate space 4 of the. However, the fire protection can be further optimized by additionally filling the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 in the event of a fire with a non-combustible gas, for example halon. To that end, the intermediate space 4 is connected via a normally closed valve 25 to a gas pressure vessel 26, for example filled with halon gas. Furthermore,
As already described with reference to FIG. 2, it is connected to the vacuum pump 11 via the valve 27 and the air cushion 10. In case of a fire, triggered by a fire alarm, the valve 25 is opened and the intermediate space 4 is loaded with halon gas. When the fire wall 24 is damaged by a fire from one side and the flame penetrates into the insulator 1, the insulator is no longer airtight and the halon gas is further ignited by the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 and the pressure vessel 26. It can flow into the room that is about to happen. Based on the deprivation of oxygen, the flame does not spread further and the fire is eventually extinguished.

In the normal case, and therefore when no fire is reported, the insulator 1 in the fire wall 24
Acts in the manner described above as a conventional acoustic, heat and cold insulation device.

The gas pressure vessel 26 can be stored and installed in a building, and the halonization of the insulator 1 can be centrally controlled via a computer system. This use is particularly suitable for buildings which are super high-rise and already have a building wiring system for air conditioning systems. In this case, retrofitting is possible without any major problems when remodeling in individual layers. In this case, too, the cost is within the range of substitution. This is because recycled plastics can be used and do not cause significant static problems. Fire regulations can also be considered by using non-combustible recycling plastics. The control can be adapted to the respective use in the same way as for heat and cold insulation. This is because the insulating action can be eliminated to a greater or lesser extent, so that the gas exchange can take place corresponding to the heat exchange.

FIG. 6 shows a machine 28 that generates a large amount of noise, such as a press machine or a shredder (Sc).
The soundproof cabin wall structure for the hrettermaschine) is shown. The machine 28 is surrounded by a soundproofing cabin, the walls 29 and the ceiling 30 of which are pressed from the inside and lined with an insulator 1. Intermediate insulation space 4 between individual insulators 1
May advantageously be connected to each other at connection points 31. All intermediate spaces 4 are vacuum pump 11 via valve 27 and air cushion 10 in the manner previously described.
Connected with. Therefore, in this case, the insulator 1 first acts as a soundproof device against the outside. This is because sound waves are not transmitted in airless spaces. The sound insulation must be fully effective only during operation of the machine 28. Therefore, the exhaust of the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 can be controlled depending on the acoustic level via a control device (not shown). Similarly, the machine 28 can be provided with effective acoustic insulation, and thus safety precautions, which allow it to operate only during a vacuum in the intermediate space 4.

FIG. 7 shows a wall structure of the internal chamber 32 in which the wall 6 and the ceiling 30 are lined with the insulator 1 by pressing from the inside similarly to the soundproofing device in FIG. Also in this case, the intermediate space 4 of the insulator 1 is provided with the vacuum pump 1 through the valve 17 and the air cushion 10.
1, so that normal soundproofing and heat and cold insulation can first be carried out as described above. Furthermore, the intermediate space 4 is connected via another normally closed valve 25 to a gas pressure vessel 26 in which a nonflammable gas, for example halon gas, is stored. When a fire occurs in the room 32, the insulator 1 directly acts as a fire preventive device based on the vacuum that prevails in the intermediate space 4 and prevents the fire from spreading to an adjacent room in a short time. . Furthermore, the valve 25 is opened under the control of the fire alarm and the intermediate space 4 is filled with halon gas, and the effectiveness of fire prevention is significantly enhanced. If the intermediate space 4 is damaged or leaks by the flame, halon gas also flows into the chamber 32 and, due to the deprivation of oxygen, the flame is extinguished in a short time, so that also direct fire protection takes place. Halon gas can be sucked and reused after a fire, as long as the insulator 1 is not damaged and the intermediate space 4 is kept tight.

FIG. 8 shows the structure of a soundproof wall on a road with heavy vehicle traffic, for example. Assume at 33 that an area to be protected against noise, eg a residential area, is assumed, and at 34 there is an acoustic source, eg a traffic road or also a railway line. A sound barrier 35 is constructed between the area 33 to be protected and the traffic road 34, the surface of the fire wall facing the acoustic source being lined with an insulator 1. Advantageously, the plate 2'of the insulator 1 facing the traffic road as the acoustic source 34 is curved so that the sound waves reflected by the plate are returned towards the acoustic source 34 or the road. The upwardly expanded intermediate space 4 thus created between the curved plate 2 ′ and the flat plate 2 ″ of the insulator 1 which is in contact with the soundproof wall is provided by a large number of permeable isolation walls 36. In this case also, the intermediate space 4 is evacuated or is connected to the vacuum pump 11 via the valve 25 and the air cushion 10. The vacuum contained in the intermediate space 4 is , Can additionally be silenced and controlled via a vacuum pump to match the noise level.

Although the invention has been described in various embodiments, the applicability of the invention is not in fact limited to these embodiments. The invention can be used everywhere to be insulated against heat and / or cold, acoustics or fire.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary plate-like insulator structure that can be used in accordance with the present invention.

[Fig. 2]   1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention in connection with a building wall as an example.

FIG. 3 illustrates the method according to the invention in the example of a dwelling to be insulated against excessive heat and against cold air.

[Figure 4]   FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the method according to the invention.

[Figure 5]   FIG. 1 illustrates the invention in a building wall structure.

[Figure 6]   FIG. 6 illustrates the use as soundproofing means for a machine.

[Figure 7]   It is a figure which shows use as a fireproofing and soundproofing means.

[Figure 8]   It is a figure which shows the soundproof wall in a traffic road.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 insulator, 2,2 'plate, 4 intermediate space, 7,8,21,
34 area or room to be insulated, 10 air cushion, 11 vacuum pump, 12 ventilation valve, 13 regulator, 14, 15 sensor, 23 measurement points,
24 fire wall, 25 valve, 26 gas pressure vessel, 33 area to be shielded against sound, 37 shut-off valve, 38 pressure regulator, 34 sound source, 36
Permeable middle wall

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A method for insulating against heat and / or cold air and / or sound and / or fire, for which the wall or walls have a single or a plurality of insulators (1).
Lined by means of two plates, each of which is spaced apart, the intermediate space (4) being filled with an insulating material and the hollow space being hermetically sealed to the outside. The air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1),
The area or room (7,
8, 21, 32, 34) to heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, characterized by varying depending on ambient temperature, internal temperature and / or external temperature or prevailing noise level How to insulate against. 2. The ambient temperature, the internal temperature and the temperature in the region or space (7, 8, 21, 32, 34) to be insulated are programmed by controlling the intermediate space (4) of one or more insulators (1). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein air is exhausted or vented as required depending on the external temperature or the prevailing noise level. 3. A controller (13) for controlling the internal temperature of the room (7, 8, 21) to be insulated.
) To the target value preselected in the regulator (13) by one or more insulators (1
Adjusting by means of evacuation and ventilation of the intermediate space (4) according to need.
The method described. 4. A target value of an internal temperature of a room (7, 8, 21) to be insulated from an air content or a vacuum degree in an intermediate space (4) of one or more insulators (1) and an external temperature. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that it is controlled by a regulator (13) depending on the difference. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is controlled in dependence on the measured acoustic level. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air content or the degree of vacuum in the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is controlled in a time-dependent manner. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is filled with a non-combustible gas, for example halon gas, when the fire alarm responds. 8. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is on the one hand the suction connection of a vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand a vent valve. (12) is connected to one connection part, and both of these connection parts are connected to the output connection part of the regulator (13) by one control connection part respectively, and to the input part of the regulator. , A sensor (14) for measuring the internal temperature in the room (7, 8, 21) to be insulated and a sensor (14) for measuring the external temperature of the room (7, 8, 21) to be insulated are connected. And the room (7,8,21) where the operation of the vacuum pump (11) and the opening and closing of the ventilation valve (12) should be insulated by the controller (13).
Device for insulating against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or combustion, characterized in that it is programmed depending on the measured internal temperature and / or external temperature of the. 9. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is on the one hand the suction connection of the vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand a vent valve. (12) A connection part is connected, and both of these connection parts are connected to the output connection part of the control device by one control connection part, and the sound of the region to be monitored is monitored by the input part of the control device. A sensor (14) for measuring the level is connected, and the operation of the vacuum pump (11) and the opening / closing of the ventilation valve (12) are programmed and controlled depending on the acoustic level measured by the controller. A device for insulating against heat and / or cold air and / or sound and / or fire. 10. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is on the one hand the suction connection of the vacuum pump (11) and on the other hand its start. Connected via a valve (25) closed in position with the connection of a gas pressure vessel (26) filled with a non-combustible gas, and the valve (25)
When the fire alarm responds by the controller, one or more intermediate spaces (4)
Device for insulating against heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, characterized in that it is controllable to fill a non-combustible gas. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate space (4) of the insulator (s) (1) is connected to the vacuum pump (11) and the ventilation valve (12) via an air cushion (10). The apparatus according to any one of 10 to 10. 12. A shut-off valve (37) controllable by a temperature controller (13) between the air cushion (10) and one or more intermediate spaces (4) of the insulator (1) or insulators (1). ) Is connected, the shut-off valve cooperating with a pressure regulator (38) connected between the intermediate space (s) (4) and the temperature regulator (13). . 13. A room (7, 8, 21, 3) to be insulated by a plurality of insulators (1).
2) is modularly configured for lining or surrounding the wall, the intermediate spaces (4) of the modularly configured insulator (1) being in communication with each other and having a common intermediate space (4). ) Forming a device according to any one of claims 8 to 12. 14. A room (7, 8, 21, 3) to be insulated by a plurality of insulators (1).
2) is modularly configured for lining or surrounding the wall (5, 29, 30) or for constructing a soundproof or fireproof wall, the middle of the modularly configured insulator (1) The spaces (4) are hermetically sealed to each other and the air content or the degree of vacuum in these intermediate spaces (4) can be controlled differently,
Device according to any one of claims 8 to 12. 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that each of the intermediate spaces (4) which are hermetically sealed to one another is provided with a measuring point (23) in which the air pressure in the intermediate space (4) can be measured. . 16. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more insulators (1) are embedded in the firewall (24) of the building. Or a device that insulates against cold and / or sound and / or fire. 17. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein a sound barrier (3
5), the side facing the sound source (34) between the area (33) to be shielded against sound and the sound source (34) is lined with one or more insulators (1), and , A plate (2 ') of one or more insulators (1) facing the acoustic source (34)
Heat and / or is characterized by being curved towards the acoustic source (24).
Or a device that insulates against cold and / or sound and / or fire. 18. The permeable intermediate wall (36) reinforces the intermediate space (4) which expands upwards by the curvature of one plate (2 ') of the insulator (1). Equipment. 19. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein an insulator (1
) Consists of two spaced plastic plates (2), the outer space of which is hermetically sealed in an intermediate space (4) filled with shredded plastic waste. A device for insulating against heat and / or cold air and / or sound and / or fire. 20. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic plates (2) are connected to one another at intervals by means of a support member (3). And / or devices that insulate against sound and / or fire. 21. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, wherein an insulator (1
) For heat and / or cold and / or sound and / or fire, characterized in that its shape is adapted to the surface of the room (7,8,21,32) or wall to be insulated Device to insulate.