JP2007092362A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building with ventilation in which airtightness and high heat insulation are maintained and the air in a wall air ventilation layer is replaced more rapidly toward higher floors and slower toward lower floors where heat is accumulated in summer season. <P>SOLUTION: In this building of two stories or higher having air passages in the roof rear space, underfloor space, and the wall, the widths of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floor columns 38, 40, 42 are reduced for the higher floors and increased fot the lower floors. Since the wall thicknesses t of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd floors is reduced for the higher floors, air spaces per person A1, A2, A3 of the ventilation layers in the walls formed on the floors are reduced for the higher floors. Consequently, the number of times of ventilation is set to increase for the higher floors. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a building having air permeability.

In order to achieve high airtightness and high thermal insulation of buildings, there have been developed buildings in which heat insulating materials are stretched so as to comprehensively surround the entire building.
According to such a building, as well as having an energy saving effect, the influence of the outside air temperature is small, so that the room temperature can be kept constant, and the air conditioning can be controlled artificially and efficiently. It becomes.

  On the other hand, if a highly airtight and highly insulated building is built in a warm area as it is, for example, there will be heat traps, mites, molds, etc. Structural materials are damaged due to the condensation that occurs inside the enclosure, and the deterioration of the building is accelerated.

  Therefore, in order to further improve the comfortability while ensuring the performance of high airtightness and high thermal insulation as it is, a building provided with an air passage in the housing is provided and has been well received (for example, Patent Document 1). ).

In recent years, wooden buildings include, for example, three-story buildings with a hut back space, and wooden houses tend to be taller.
FIG. 4 shows a wooden building 2 which is such a high-rise house and has air permeability.

  In this wooden building 2, an air passage 4 is formed inside the wall, and the wall space from the underfloor space 6 to the attic space 8 is always in communication through the air passage 4 as indicated by the arrows in the figure. Is configured to do. The cabin space 8 is provided with a cabin ventilation unit 12 communicating with the outside, and air introduced from the underfloor space 6 is exhausted to the outside through the cabin ventilation unit 12. .

According to such a building 2, it is possible to generate an air flow inside the wall, so that it can transmit warm air in winter and can play a role of exhaust heat / humidity and ventilation in summer. At the same time, it can prevent the occurrence of mites and molds and create an environment where it is difficult to attach seriality.
JP 2003-119918 A

  By the way, in such a building 2, the underfloor ventilation part 10 for introducing outside air into the underfloor space 6 is provided, and the attic ventilation part 12 is provided in the attic space 8, respectively. These ventilation parts 10 and 12 are specifically comprised with the damper which can be opened and closed, and when one damper is normally opened, the other damper is also used as opened.

  For example, in the summer, when it is desired to exhaust heat / humidify from the cabin back ventilation section 12, the underfloor ventilation section 10 is also opened, and fresh outside air is always introduced from the underfloor ventilation section 10 and the walls in each floor The air contained in the air is quickly led out to the upper layer side, and finally discharged from the roof back ventilation unit 12 to the outside.

  However, in the conventional building 2 having such air permeability, for example, the width t1 of the air passage 4 (the wall ventilation layer 4) partitioned by the interior material 18 and the heat insulating material 20 by 1F, 2F, and 3F, t2 and t3 are substantially constant for many buildings. This is mainly due to the fact that the base 13 used in 1F, 2F, and 3F, the pillars 14, and the trunk difference 16 are all made of square materials having the same width. That t1, t2, and t3 are constant, in other words, the air volumes A1, A2, and A3 of the in-wall ventilation layer 4 at 1F, 2F, and 3F are substantially equal in a normal large-wall structure building. Means the same.

  Therefore, in the conventional building 2 having air permeability and high airtightness and high heat insulation, when ventilation is performed from the roof back ventilation section 12 when it is hot according to the climate, all the ventilation layers 4 in the wall are the same. It will ventilate upward at a rate. This is the same regardless of whether natural ventilation or forced ventilation is performed from the hut ventilation section 12.

  That is, in the conventional building 2 with air permeability, since the ventilation frequency of the wall ventilation layer 4 on each floor cannot be controlled, the ventilation frequency corresponding to the floor with the highest ventilation frequency is required. Therefore, the ventilation layer 4 in the wall of a certain floor must be ventilated more than necessary.

  Here, in the case of a building, especially in summer, in a wall close to the underfloor space or the like, a relatively cool air pool is stored in the building. Therefore, it is preferable that the lower floor has less ventilation in the wall. On the other hand, the upper floors and the space behind the huts have a higher temperature rise due to solar radiation, etc., so it is better to have more ventilation. Therefore, there is a problem that if the proper ventilation adapted to the upper floor is performed, the cool air is quickly released on the lower floor. In other words, a large amount of air was required to ventilate the upper floor walls.

  On the other hand, in the winter, in buildings, warm air tends to accumulate in the upper floors and in the attic space, and conversely, warm air does not easily accumulate in the lower floors and under the floor space. Therefore, in the conventional building 2, since the frequency of ventilation in the walls of each floor is the same, control of the temperature in the walls is also an improvement issue in preparing the thermal environment for living in summer and winter.

  In view of such a situation, the present invention is capable of achieving high airtightness and high heat insulation in a building having air permeability, while the upper floors that are heated in summer and the like are ventilated in the walls. The object is to provide a building in which the air in the layer can be replaced quickly, and the air in the wall ventilation layer can be replaced slowly in the lower floor.

A building according to the present invention for achieving the above object is
The attic space formed in the attic, the attic ventilation section for ventilating the air in the attic space, the underfloor space formed under the floor, the underfloor ventilation section for ventilating the air in the underfloor space, and both the spaces In a building having two or more floors with a wall body having a ventilation layer in the wall that communicates with each other,
Set the thickness of the wall sandwiched between the interior material and exterior material of each floor at least above the outer circumference foundation so that the upper floor is narrower than the lower floor,
Accordingly, the air volume of the wall ventilation layer defined on each floor is set so that the upper floor is smaller than the lower floor.

  Here, “the thickness of the wall is set so that the upper floor is narrower than the lower floor” is, for example, in the case of a three-story building, the first floor and the second floor excluding the top three floors. This includes a case where the thickness of the wall body is equal and only the thickness of the third floor wall body, which is the top floor, is narrower than the thickness of the first and second floor wall bodies.

That is,
When the thicknesses of 1F, 2F, and 3F are t1, t2, and t3, respectively,
It is set so that t1 ≧ t2 ≧ t3 (t1> t3).

  Also, “the volume of the ventilation layer in the wall is set so that the upper floor is smaller than the lower floor”, for example, in the case of a three-story building, the first floor excluding the top three floors Including the case where the air volume of the wall ventilation layer on the second floor is equal and only the air volume of the wall ventilation layer on the third floor, which is the top floor, is smaller than the air volume of the wall ventilation layer on the first and second floors. Yes.

That is,
When the volume of the ventilation layer in the wall of 1F, 2F, and 3F is A1, A2, and A3, respectively,
A3 ≦ A2 ≦ A1 (A3 <A1) is set.

According to the present invention having such a configuration, the air volume in the wall to be ventilated can be set smaller in the upper floor closer to the cabin space than in the lower floor.
Therefore, it is possible to increase the ventilation frequency of the upper floor where heat is easily accumulated, and to decrease the ventilation frequency of the lower floor.

Here, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide an outer ventilation layer on the outer side of the wall ventilation layer by providing a heat insulating layer on the outer side of the wall ventilation layer.
With such a configuration, the cold accumulation effect on the lower floor and the warm accumulation effect on the upper floor can be further improved.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the communication opening provided in the foundation or the trunk difference on the outer peripheral foundation in order to communicate the in-wall ventilation layers of each floor adjacent above and below, The sum of the opening areas per unit area of the communication openings provided for communicating between the ventilation layers in the first and second floors is the upper and lower floors adjacent to the upper floor, for example, the second and third floor walls. It is preferable to set it to be larger than the sum of the opening areas per unit area of the communication openings provided to communicate between the ventilation layers. The sum of the opening area per unit area of the communication opening provided to communicate between the wall ventilation layers on the floor is the upper and lower floors adjacent to the upper floor, for example, the wall ventilation layers on the second and third floors. To communicate For example, in the case of a three-story building, the first floor excluding the third floor of the top floor is set to be larger than the total opening area per unit area of the opening for communication provided in This includes the case where the sum of the opening areas of the second floor is equal and only the sum of the opening areas of the third floor, which is the top floor, is smaller than the sum of the opening areas of the first and second floors.

In the present invention,
The diameter of the opening communicating between the underfloor space and the 1F wall passage is α0, the diameter of the opening formed in the body difference between 1F and 2F, etc. The diameter of the opening between α1, 2F and 3F, etc. When the diameter of the opening formed in the body difference between α2, 3F and the cabin space 4f is α3,
α0 ≧ α1 ≧ α2 ≧ α3 (α0> α3) is set.

Based on such conditions, the sum of the opening areas between the underfloor space and 1F ≧ the sum of the opening areas between 1F and 2F ≧ the sum of the opening areas between 2F and 3F ≧ 3F and the space between the shed space 4f The total opening area.

Moreover, it is preferable to provide a small ventilation part in the wall with many ventilations. This can suppress the total air resistance from the upper floor to the lower floor, and also reduces the load on the damper, ventilation fan, fan, etc. provided in the back of the hut.

  With such a configuration, when a predetermined amount of air is ventilated from the attic ventilation section of the attic space, the ventilation from the in-wall ventilation layer can be quickly performed closer to the top floor. That is, as the upper floor is increased, the air flow rate is increased, so that the heat entering the room through the inside of the wall and the outside wall can be quickly discharged. Moreover, if it is such a structure, even if a fire arises in lower floors, such as the 1st floor, the fire spread to an upper floor can be suppressed. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, even if pressure acts from the lower floor to the upper floor, there is an effect that the rise of the heat to the upper floor can be delayed.

Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable to arrange | position the refractory foaming agent which foams and expands in the opening part in the said base or trunk | drum difference which comprises the said communication part at the temperature exceeding predetermined temperature.
With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the spread of fire in the event of a fire.

The present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a building 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in particular, a three-story building having a shed space 4f.

  In this building 30, the heat insulating material 34 for the foundation, walls, and roof is stretched in the surface direction on the outside of the outer peripheral fabric foundation 28 and the indoor side of the outer wall material 32 a and the roof material 32 b of the building. . In addition, regarding the foundation and the roof, different from the illustration, heat insulation in the foundation or heat insulation on the eaves may be used.

  Examples of the outer wall material 32a include mortar walls, siding walls, concrete walls, and the like, but other wall materials may be used. Moreover, as the roofing material 32b, a straw roofing material, a slate roofing material, a metal plate flat roofing material, and the like are exemplified, but other roofing materials may be used.

  As the heat insulating material 34, a fiber heat insulating material such as glass wool may be formed into a plate shape. However, in consideration of handling and the like, a synthetic resin foam heat insulating plate is preferable, and a synthetic resin such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride is used. A resin foam plate having closed cells formed by foaming is preferable. In particular, it is effective to use a polystyrene extruded foam plate having a high degree of rigidity, heat insulation, and moisture permeability resistance. Further, a face material such as plywood may be provided between the heat insulating material and the shaft assembly as in a two-by-four manner. In addition, when using a fiber-based material in which glass wool, rock wool or the like is formed in a plate shape as the heat insulating material 34, in principle, dew condensation occurs unless the heat-insulating material is in close contact with the indoor side of the heat insulating material. It becomes easy.

Such a heat insulating material 34 is stretched on the outside of the structural housing at the wall or the roof portion, and external heat insulation is constructed.
On the other hand, in the building 30 of the present embodiment, the dimensions (widths) of the pillars and the vertical members used are different for each floor, and the wall thickness t becomes thinner toward the upper floor.

That is, if the 1F pillar 38 standing on the base 36 is used as a reference, the 1F pillar 38 is thicker than the 2F pillar 40, and the 2F pillar 40 is thicker than the 3F pillar 42.
Thus, by setting the widths of the pillars 38, 40, and 42 in the building 30 to be narrower toward the upper floor and thicker toward the lower floor, the wall thickness t of each floor is set to be different. That is,
When the wall thicknesses of 1F, 2F, and 3F are t1, t2, and t3, respectively,
t1 ≧ t2 ≧ t3 (t1> t3)
It is set to become.

  Further, in this building 30, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 2, the upper and lower floors adjacent to the upper and lower floors, for example, the body difference 46 arranged so as to partition between 2F and 3F, In order to communicate the floors, communication openings 48 are formed at predetermined intervals along the length of the wall. As shown in FIG. 2B, which is a cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A, the communication opening 48 is formed by forming a round hole in the body difference 46 extending in the horizontal direction. May be. In addition, when providing a round hole, it is preferable that it is 20-40 mm in diameter. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D, rectangular cutouts that contact the heat insulating material 34 or semicircular long holes may be used.

  In this way, for example, as in the case of the body difference 46 disposed so as to surround the outer periphery at the boundary between 2F and 3F, in this embodiment, the body difference 44, 3F disposed between 1F and 2F and the back of the cabin Communication openings 47 and 49 are also formed in the body difference 50 disposed between the space 4f and the space 4f.

Further, these openings 47, 48 and 49 are set to have larger diameters as the openings located in the lower layer. That is, of the openings 47, 48, and 49, the diameter of the opening 49 is the smallest and the diameter of the opening 47 is the largest. Furthermore, an opening 45 is also formed between the base 36 and the underfloor space 60. The diameter of the opening 45 communicating between the underfloor space 60 and the 1F wall passage 62 is α0, the diameter of the opening 47 is α1, the diameter of the opening 48 is α2, and the diameter of the opening 49 is α3. When
α0 ≧ α1 ≧ α2 ≧ α3 (α0> α3) is set.

  Further, the sum of the opening areas per unit area of these openings 45, 47, 48, and 49 is smaller as the sum of the openings adjacent to the upper part. For example, the sum of the opening area per unit area of the opening 49 between the back space 4f and 3F is smaller than the sum of the opening area of the opening 48 between 3F and 2F. Thus, the sum of the opening areas 49 ≦ the sum of the opening areas 48 ≦ the sum of the opening areas 47 ≦ the sum of the opening areas 45.

Although set in this way, the amount of air passing through the walls from 1F to 3F is the same, and the higher the floor, the faster the ventilation in the wall. That is, when the air volume of the in-wall ventilation layers 62, 64, and 66 of 1F, 2F, and 3F is A1, A2, and A3, respectively,
A3 ≦ A2 ≦ A1 (A3 <A1) is set so that the upper floor can ventilate faster.

That is,
When the ventilation frequency of 1F, 2F, and 3F is n1, n2, and n3, respectively
n1 ≦ n2 ≦ n3 (n1 <n3) is set.

Further, in this embodiment, a known refractory foaming agent that foams and expands at a temperature exceeding a predetermined temperature is disposed in the communication openings 45, 47, 48, 49, and the like.
If such a refractory foaming agent is interposed in the vicinity of the opening, it can be expanded and foamed to seal the opening when a fire or the like has occurred.

FIG. 3 visually shows the ventilation state of the building 30 shown in FIG.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the air volume A1, A2, A3 of the in-wall ventilation layer from the underfloor space through 1F, 2F, 3F to between the attic sky 4f is gradually reduced,
The upper floor has more ventilation.

  Therefore, if the attic ventilation portion 48 provided in the attic space 4f and the underfloor ventilation portion 70 provided in the underfloor space 60 are opened according to the climate, the air volume A3 on the upper floor is ventilated as quickly as possible. The floor A1 is ventilated latest. Thereby, both the exhaust heat effect and the cold storage effect can be utilized in a balanced manner, and the heat transfer resistance against the outside air and solar radiation on the outer wall can be more effectively exhibited.

  As described above, according to the present invention, air can be exchanged faster in the upper floor where heat build-up occurs, and the cool air in the underfloor space can be retained for a longer time in the lower floor. Therefore, it is a highly airtight and highly insulated house, can form a comfortable thermal environment regardless of summer or winter, and provide a comfortable living space no matter where people are on the floor. it can. In addition, even in humid areas, air can be introduced into the wall, which prevents the formation of mites and molds and is excellent in terms of termite countermeasures.

As mentioned above, although one Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said Example at all.
For example, in the above embodiment, a three-story house has been described, but the present invention can be applied to a two-story or four-story house. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to a wooden house, and can be applied to a steel house.

Furthermore, in the said Example, although demonstrated using the wooden conventional frame construction method as an example, it is applicable also to the frame wall construction method called what is called a two-by-four.
The present invention can also be applied to a so-called double ventilation structure house. In that case, an outer ventilation layer may be formed between the heat insulating material 34 and the outer wall material 32a.

  Furthermore, since the present invention can be preferably applied to a building having an outer heat insulating structure, in the above embodiment, both the foundation, the wall, and the roof have an outer heat insulating structure. It may be heat insulation on the eaves.

  Furthermore, in the said Example, although the wall body on an outer periphery foundation was illustrated, it is not limited only to an outer periphery foundation, The structure of this invention is applicable also to the wall body which partitions off each room. Moreover, it is applicable to both solid foundations and cloth foundations.

Furthermore, in the said Example, although the large wall structure which has a pillar inside a wall body was demonstrated, it is needless to say that it is applicable also to the true wall structure where a pillar is exposed outside.
In addition, in the building 30 shown in FIG. 1, an auxiliary ventilation unit for assisting the number of ventilations of the shed can be separately provided in addition to the shed ventilation unit 68 provided in the shed space 4 f. The specific installation position may be anywhere on the ridge, eaves, and wife wall, and is mainly used for air supply. Even if such auxiliary ventilation equipment is provided, the ventilation frequency of 1F, 2F, and 3F is still n1 ≦ n2 ≦ n3 (n1 <n3).

In the present invention, for example, in the case of a three-story building, when the wall thicknesses of 1F, 2F, and 3F are t1, t2, and t3, respectively,
t1>t2> t3
However, t1 = t2 or t2 = t3 may be used as long as the condition of t1> t3 is satisfied at the minimum.

That is, even if the wall thicknesses of the in-wall ventilation layers of the lower floors other than the top floor are all equal, the same effects can be obtained as long as the wall thickness of the top floor is narrower than the wall thickness of 1F.
Furthermore, in the present invention, as in the case of the wall thicknesses t1, t2, and t3, the volume A1 of the in-wall ventilation layer
, A2, A3 are A1>A2> A3
It is most preferable that the setting is such that A1 = A2 or A2 = A3 as long as the condition of A1> A3 is satisfied at the minimum.

Similarly, the diameters α0, α1, α2, and α3 of the openings are as follows.
α0>α1>α2> α3
However, as long as the condition of α0> α3 is satisfied at least, α0 = α1 = α2 or α0> α1 and α1 = α2 may be set.

  Further, the same applies to the sum of the opening areas. For example, even if the sum of the opening areas of the underfloor space, 1F, and 2F is equal, the sum of the opening areas of 3F, which is the top floor, may be smaller.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) is a cross-sectional view showing an engagement between 2F and 3F, and FIG. 2 (B) is an arrow in FIG. 2 (A). FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view in the BB direction, FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating a first modification of FIG. 2B, and FIG. 2D is a second modification of FIG. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view schematically showing a ventilation state of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a conventional building.

Explanation of symbols

28 Peripheral cloth foundation 30 Building 32a Outer wall material 32b Roof material 34 Heat insulating material 36 Base 38, 40, 42 Pillar 44, 46, 50 Body difference 45, 47, 48, 49 Opening 60 Under floor space 62, 64, 66 Wall body Ventilation layer 68 Attic ventilation section 70 Underfloor ventilation section

Claims (4)

The attic space formed in the attic, the attic ventilation section for ventilating the air in the attic space, the underfloor space formed under the floor, the underfloor ventilation section for ventilating the air in the underfloor space, and both the spaces In a building having two or more floors with a wall body having a ventilation layer in the wall that communicates with each other,
Set the thickness of the wall sandwiched between the interior material and exterior material of each floor at least above the outer circumference foundation so that the upper floor is narrower than the lower floor,
Accordingly, the air volume of the wall ventilation layer defined on each floor is set so that the upper floor is smaller than the lower floor.   The building according to claim 1, wherein an outer ventilation layer is provided outside the wall ventilation layer by providing a heat insulating layer outside the wall ventilation layer.   The communication openings provided in the foundation or trunk difference on the outer circumference foundation for communicating the wall ventilation layers of the floors adjacent to each other on the upper and lower sides are the upper and lower floors adjacent to the lower side, for example, the first and second floors. The sum of the opening areas per unit area of the communication openings provided for communicating the wall ventilation layers communicates the wall ventilation layers on the upper and lower floors adjacent to the upper floor, for example, the second and third floors. The building according to claim 1, wherein the building is set so as to be larger than a sum of opening areas per unit area of the communication opening provided for the purpose.   The refractory foaming agent that expands and expands at a temperature exceeding a predetermined temperature is disposed in the opening in the base or the trunk difference that constitutes the communication portion. Building.

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