JPH05295807A - Housing - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the residential amenity and prevent the occurrence of dewfall by a method in which inside-wall spaces, under-floor space heating sections, air blowers, and heat-exchange type ventilating fans are provided for housing for ventilation and temperature adjustment, and the indoor pressure is kept higher than that in the open atmosphere. CONSTITUTION:The back space 1 of housing is connected with an underfloor space 3 by inside-wall spaces 7, and heat-insulating layers 6a and 6b are provided for outer walls and roof. In the space 3, an under-floor space heating section 9 consisting of a dirt heatinsulating layer 10, a concrete layer 11, and a heat medium-pipe 12 buried in the layer 11 is formed. The air amount of an air blower 21 and the switching and air ventilating amount between a heat- exchange type ventilating fan 19 and the usual ventilator are controlled by sensors 24 set in the housing space 2. The ventilation of the housing space 3 and temperature adjustment are made, and the inner pressure of the space 3 is kept higher than the open atmosphere of the housing A. Saturated water vapor amount in the space 3 is increased to prevent the occurrence of dewfall.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is designed to minimize heat input and output inside and outside a house, efficiently perform heating and cooling, improve the durability of the house, and raise the air pressure in the living space to slightly higher than the outside air pressure. The present invention relates to a house that does not cause dew condensation in the living space and can also ventilate the living space.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional house, the atmospheric pressure of the living space is almost equal to the outside air pressure (about 1 atm), and a heat insulating material is arranged on a wall or the like to improve habitability. It was done to block the input and output of external heat.

[0003]

However, heating in such a house is performed by using a heater such as a stove in a living space. In this case, the closer to the heat source, the warmer it is.
There is a temperature distribution in which the temperature becomes lower as the distance increases, and the temperature distribution becomes warm near the ceiling and lower near the floor. To solve this problem, excessive heating is performed, which leads to deterioration of the indoor environment. Further, in this case, since the heating is performed locally, there is a disadvantage that a heat shock is caused as the room moves between the rooms. In addition, in this case, the living space is often airtight, and it is necessary to ventilate the dirty air generated in the living space, and this ventilation has the drawback of releasing heat to the outside. .. Moreover, dew condensation occurs on window glass, ceiling, etc., which promotes the occurrence of mites and molds,
There was a drawback that it had a bad effect on the skeleton, inner wall, outer wall, furniture, electric appliances, and the like. Further, there is a disadvantage that even if ventilation is performed in a bathroom or the like, dew condensation occurs on a window glass, a ceiling, or the like due to steam rising from hot water.

[0004]

In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention connects the attic space and the underfloor space with the space inside the wall, disposes a heat insulating material on the outer wall and the roof, and
In the underfloor space, an insulating floor layer between soil, a concrete layer, and an underfloor space heating section consisting of a heat medium pipe embedded in the concrete layer is formed, and by heating the air in the underfloor space in this underfloor space heating section, By heating the living space from the floor and heating the living space through the inner wall when the warmed air rises up the space inside the wall due to its rising force, temperature unevenness in the living space is prevented, and , A part of the air in this wall space is introduced into the living space to enhance the heating effect, and a heat exchange type ventilation fan is placed at an arbitrary position inside the house, and this heat exchange type ventilation fan and at least one place in the living space are placed. The exhaust air and the underfloor space are connected to each other, and the air in the living space is discharged to the outside through the heat exchange type ventilation fan, and the outside air is compressed to the underfloor space through the heat exchange type ventilation fan. This facilitates the ventilation of the house and the rising force of the air in the wall space.Furthermore, the air flow rate of the blower and the heat exchange ventilation of the heat exchange type ventilation fan and the normal ventilation are enhanced by the sensor installed in the living space. Ventilation and temperature control of the living space by switching between, and controlling the ventilation volume, and by keeping the air pressure inside the living space higher than the air pressure outside the house, the saturated water vapor amount in the living space is increased and dew condensation occurs. It proposes a house that does not easily generate.

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A house according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical embodiment of the house A, where 1 is an attic space, 2 is a living space,
An underfloor space 3 is an internal space of the house A, which is divided by a ceiling 4 and a floor 5, respectively. Reference numeral 6 is a heat insulating layer that blocks at least heat from entering and exiting the interior of the house A,
Secondary, it has soundproofing, airtightness, and fireproofing.

To explain further, the heat insulating layer 6 is composed of a roof heat insulating layer 6a and an outer wall heat insulating layer 6b, each of which has a board shape,
It is a mat-shaped or sheet-shaped material, or is integrated with a roof material or an outer wall material. Examples of the former are polystyrene board, polyurethane board, polyisocyanurate foam board, sheathing board, sheathing insulation board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board, glass wool mat, etc., or a composite board thereof. By arranging metal roofing materials, tiles, etc. on the surface of the roof, metal-based panels, tiles,
The outer wall is formed by arranging a ceramic panel, an ALC plate, a mortar and the like. As an example of the latter,
Panel, ALC exterior panel, wood chip cement panel, wood wool cement panel, etc., in which the surface material, the heat insulating core material and the back surface material are integrally formed, and these are arranged on the main pillar, stud, etc. The outer wall heat insulating layer 6b and the roof heat insulating layer 6a are formed by the above.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an inner space of the wall, which is an outer heat insulating layer 6b and an inner wall 8
The space provided between the attic space 1 and the underfloor space 3 communicates with each other, and is a space in which air flows by natural convection or the like. It is useful for heating the living space 2.

The underfloor space heating section 9 heats the underfloor space 3 in winter and blocks infiltration of moisture from the ground. The underfloor space heating unit 9 is composed of a soil heat insulating layer 10, a concrete layer 11 and a heat medium pipe 12, as shown in FIG. To further explain, the soil insulating layer 10 is made of rigid plastic foam such as polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, and phenol foam, and has a closed-cell foam structure and a density of 3 or less.
It has a compressive strength of about 0 to 100 kg / m ³ , or is made of at least one of an ALC plate, a wood chip cement plate, and a wood wool cement plate, and has a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm.

The soil heat insulating layer 10 is a heat medium pipe 12
This is to prevent this heat from being released to the ground when heating the soil through a heat medium such as hot water.
When the soil heat insulating layer 10 is made of a hard plastic foam having a closed cell foaming structure or the like, it has moisture resistance and moisture from the ground does not enter the house A.
When a wettable material such as a board or a wood wool cement board is used, the moisture-proof sheet 1 is used as shown by a chain double-dashed line or in the middle (not shown) between the soil heat insulation layer 10 and the concrete layer 11.
It is preferable to lay 3 in the stack. Of course, it is also possible to use the hard plastic foam and the moisture-proof sheet 13 together.

The concrete layer 11 functions as a heat storage material, heat dispersion from the heat medium pipe 12, and a heat radiating material, and when the heat medium pipe 12 is embedded, water should be stored in the heat medium pipe 12. It also serves to store and prevent the heat medium pipe 12 from bursting when it freezes. The heat medium pipe 12 is arranged as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, for example, and the heat insulating material 15 is provided from the heat source 14 to the entrance / exit on the reinforcing base concrete layer 11a.
It is preferable to coat with.

The heat medium pipe 12 is made of a copper pipe, a plastic pipe, or the like, and heats the soil by passing a heat medium such as hot water, antifreeze liquid, a mixture thereof, or a heat medium gas inside. .. The heat medium pipe 12 is disposed on the soil heat insulating layer 10 and is buried in the concrete layer 11, or as shown in FIG. 2, the concrete layer 11 is conveniently used as the reinforcing base concrete layer 11a and the soil concrete layer. It is also possible to divide into 11b, arrange on the reinforced base concrete layer 11a, and embed with the soil concrete layer 11b. Particularly in the latter case, the reinforcing base concrete layer 11a can use not only concrete but also a PC plate.

The heat source 14 is composed of, for example, a hot water boiler, an electric heater, a gas heater, a petroleum heater, a solar heater or the like, and circulates the above heat medium in the heat medium pipe 12 and supplies and recovers it. Although the heat source 14 is installed outside the house A in FIG. 1, it can also be installed in the underfloor space 3, the attic space 1, the living space 2, the in-wall space 7, etc. inside the house A, for example.

To further explain, the underfloor space heating unit 9
The air in the underfloor space 3 heated by the above heats the living space 2 from the floor 5 surface, and rises in the in-wall space 7 toward the attic space 1 by the ascending force due to the heating. At this time, the living space 2 is heated via the inner wall 8. For this reason, in the living space 2, heating is performed from the side of the floor 5 and the inner wall 8, and the heating is performed substantially uniformly. Moreover, since the entire living space 2 in the house A is heated, the temperature of each room becomes uniform and heat shock can be prevented.
It becomes a comfortable living space 2.

Reference numeral 16 denotes a vent, which is formed at one or more places on the inner wall 8, floor 5, ceiling 4, etc. of the living space 2 to connect the living space 2 with the underfloor space 3, the attic space 1, and the inner space 7 of the wall, This is for taking in a part of the air heated by the underfloor space heating unit 9 directly to the living space 2. In particular, when the ventilation hole 16 is provided in the lower part of the window B as shown by α in FIG. 1, the living space 2
In order to directly take in the air heated in the underfloor space heating unit 9 and prevent the air rising in the wall interior space 7 from being stopped by the window B and stagnation, and preventing the temperature unevenness of the inner wall 8. belongs to. It should be noted that the vent 16 may have a louver, an opening / closing mechanism, a fan, etc. built therein.

Reference numeral 17 denotes an exhaust port, which is disposed in at least one place on the ceiling 4 of the living space 2 and is connected to the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 by an exhaust pipe 18. The exhaust port 17 is for exhausting dirty air generated in the living space 2, and the ventilation space 16 and the ventilation space 16 serve as one path for air circulation for ventilation. Of course, the exhaust port 17 can also be equipped with a louver, an opening / closing mechanism, a fan, and the like.

The heat exchange type ventilating fan 19 is arranged at an arbitrary position in the house A such as the attic space 1 and the underfloor space 3, and the air discharged from the living space 2 to the outside and the air taken into the house A from the outside. The heat is exchanged between the two. The air taken in through the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 is sent to the blower 21 by the intake pipe 20.

The blower 21 comprises a turbine having an air inlet 21a and an air outlet 21b, a rotary pump, a compressor, etc., and fresh outside air sent from the intake pipe 20 to the air inlet 21a. Has a function of compressing and discharging from the air discharge port 21b. Although the blower 21 is installed outside the house A in the figure, it may be installed inside the house A such as the underfloor space 3, the back space 1, and the living space 2.

A discharge pipe 22 is provided at the air outlet 21b.
The discharge pipe 22 is extended to the underfloor space 3 and discharges compressed air into the house A in the underfloor space 3. This is because the air in the underfloor space 3 is heated by the underfloor space heating unit 9 and rises in the in-wall space 7.
It has a function of supplying fresh air to the living space 2 via the housing and a function of increasing the atmospheric pressure in the house A higher than the outside air pressure by releasing the compressed air. It should be noted that the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 itself has a built-in fan for intake and exhaust, but it is also possible to provide fans to the exhaust pipe 18, the intake pipe 20, and the discharge pipe 22 as an auxiliary.

The discharge pipe 22 disposed in the underfloor space 3 is a dispersion duct 23 as shown in FIGS. 5, 6 (a) and 6 (b).
It is preferable to attach a large amount of air to discharge fresh compressed air outside. That is, FIG.
A pipe-shaped member made of plastic is formed in an antenna shape or a spiral shape, which is not shown, and has a slit 23a having a rectangular shape, a circular shape, an oval shape, or the like. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are synthetic materials such as glass fibers, plastic fibers, mineral fibers, fibrous materials such as metal fibers, and polyurethane foam, polyurea foam, etc. having open cell structure. The resin foam, the porous ceramic, etc. are formed in a pipe shape such as a ring shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, and a polygonal shape in cross section, and are arranged as shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b), for example. It is a thing. In this case, since the void of the communicating tissue serves as the slit 23a, uniform suction and discharge can be performed.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a sensor which is arranged in the living space 2 and mainly measures the temperature and the atmospheric pressure of the room, and secondarily measures the humidity, the degree of air pollution and the like. One of the functions of the sensor 24 is to control the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 in accordance with a change in the temperature of the living space 2. That is, when the amount of solar radiation is large or the underfloor space heating unit 9 is overheated, the temperature in the living space 2 becomes high. In this case, the heat exchange ventilation fan 19 is switched from heat exchange ventilation to normal ventilation. In addition, by increasing the ventilation amount and the blowing amount of the blower 21, cold outside air is taken in and the temperature is quickly returned to the set temperature. Further, when the air in the living space 2 is polluted by cigarettes or the like or the humidity becomes higher than the outside, by increasing the ventilation volume of the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 and the ventilation volume of the blower 21,
These can be eliminated.

Another function of the sensor 24 is to control the ventilation volume of the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 and the ventilation volume of the blower 21 according to the change of the atmospheric pressure of the living space 2. That is, the state of atmospheric pressure in each space is maintained under the condition of external air pressure <internal pressure of living space 2 ≤ (attic space 1, underfloor space 3, internal space 7 of wall). More specifically, the external air pressure is Assuming 1 atm (1013 mbar), the atmospheric pressure in the living space 2 is 1020 to 1040 mbar, and the atmospheric pressure in the attic space 1, the underfloor space 3, and the internal space 7 is 1030 to 106 mbar.
It controls to a state within the range of 0 mbar.

When the air pressure in each space is set in this manner, the air compressed by the blower 21 passes through the underfloor space 3, the in-wall space 7, and the attic space 1 and becomes a living space due to the pressure difference between the spaces. Convection in 2 promotes air circulation in each space, and even in the living space 2 where the difference between the outside temperature and the indoor temperature of the bathroom is large, the air pressure inside the living space 2 is higher than the outside air pressure. As a result, the saturated water vapor amount in the living space 2 increases, and the living space 2 in which dew condensation is difficult can be provided. In this way, in order to efficiently maintain the difference in atmospheric pressure between each space,
It is indispensable to make the house A even more airtight, for example, the openings such as the windows B should be a complete packing structure, and the entrance (not shown) should be a double entrance structure consisting of an inside entrance and an outside entrance. ..

The sensor 24 is used for the exhaust pipe 1.
8, when a fan is attached to the intake pipe 20, the discharge pipe 22, or the ventilation port 16 and the exhaust port 17, they can be interlocked. Further, the sensor 24 can also control the amount of heat of the underfloor space heating unit 9 and can also serve as the same.

Here, the flow of air will be briefly described with reference to FIG. First, in the winter, the air taken in from the outside is compressed by the blower 21 through the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 and is discharged to the underfloor space 3. In the underfloor space 3, pressure is applied by the heating by the underfloor space heating unit 9 and the supply of air from the blower 21, so the space inside the wall 7 rises, and the living space 2 passes through the attic space 1 and the ventilation port 16. Move to. The air that has moved to the living space 2 diffuses, and finally is discharged to the outside through the exhaust port 17 and the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19. In the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19, heat is exchanged between the air taken in from the outside and the air released to the outside.

In the summer, the underfloor space heating unit 9 is stopped and the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 is used for ventilation.
When the outside air temperature is lower than that of the living space 2, normal ventilation is performed by the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19.

The above description is only one example of the house A according to the present invention. As shown in the β portion of FIG. 1, the air collecting duct 25 is arranged in the attic space 1, and the attic space 1 is arranged. It is also possible to discharge the above air to the outside through the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19 together with the air in the living space 2. Similarly, an air collecting duct (not shown) is provided in the wall space 7 that connects the undergarment space 1 to the underfloor space 3, and the air in the attic space 1 is blown by a fan (not shown) in winter. It is also possible to promote cooling and heating by blowing air into the underfloor space 3 or by blowing air from the underfloor space 3 into the attic space 1 in summer.

Further, a ventilation fan (not shown) may be provided in a place where a large amount of moisture is generated, such as a bathroom or a kitchen, in the living space 2 to directly release the moisture to the outside. In this case, when heat is exchanged by the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19, if the air discharged to the outside contains a large amount of water, dew condensation will occur in the heat exchange type ventilation fan 19, leading to a decrease in the high rate. This not only prevents this, but also prevents the water generated in the kitchen and the bathroom from spreading to the entire living space 2 and helps improve the habitability and the durability of the house A. It is preferable to use a heat exchange type ventilation fan also for these ventilation fans. Also, this ventilation fan can be operated only when the humidity becomes high by the humidity sensor. Furthermore, an underfloor ventilation opening (not shown) with an opening / closing mechanism is provided in the underfloor space 3, and an attic ventilation opening (not shown) with an opening / closing mechanism is provided in the attic space 1 so that natural convection is performed during the summer. It is also possible.

[0028]

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, (1) since the heat insulating layer is formed on the outer wall and the roof, cooling and heating can be performed with high efficiency. (2) The underfloor space heating unit heats the living space from the side of the floor surface and the inner wall surface, which enables uniform heating. (3) Since the underfloor space heating unit heats the entire house, a healthy environment is created without heat shock. (4) Since at least one of the space inside the wall, the space under the floor, and the space behind the hut is connected to the living space by a ventilation port, the air heated by the underfloor space heating unit can be directly taken into the living space and used for heating. Can be heated efficiently. (5) The living space can be ventilated and the habitability is improved. (6) Ventilation is performed through a heat exchange type ventilation fan, so that cooling and heating can be performed with high efficiency. (7) Since the outside air taken in through the heat exchange type ventilation fan is discharged to the underfloor space, the rise of the air can be promoted and the heating from the inner wall surface can be made more uniform. (8)
In summer, it is possible to perform natural cooling without opening the windows at night, and it is safe for crime prevention. (9) The living space can be ventilated even in the summer. (10)
It is possible to block the infiltration of moisture from the dirt floor, making it a durable house. (11) Change in solar radiation,
A sensor can detect excessive humidification when the underfloor heating unit is unstable, and can control the heat exchange type ventilation fan, so that it can quickly return to the set temperature. (12) Since the atmospheric pressure in the living space is set higher than the atmospheric pressure, the saturated water vapor amount in the living space increases, and the living space can be made to prevent dew condensation. There are effects and effects.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a typical example of a house according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an underfloor space heating unit in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of arrangement of heat medium pipes in an underfloor space heating unit.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement example of heat medium pipes in an underfloor space heating unit.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a dispersion duct arranged in an underfloor space.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a dispersion duct arranged in an underfloor space.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of arrangement of dispersion ducts arranged in an underfloor space.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of air in a house according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Attic space 2 Living space 3 Underfloor space 4 Ceiling 5 Floor 6 Insulation layer 7 Wall inner space 8 Inner wall 9 Underfloor space heating section 10 Dirt insulation layer 11 Concrete layer 12 Heat carrier pipe 13 Moisture-proof sheet 14 Heat source 15 Insulation material 16 Ventilation Port 17 Exhaust port 18 Exhaust pipe 19 Heat exchange type ventilation fan 20 Intake pipe 21 Blower 22 Discharge pipe 23 Dispersion duct 24 Sensor A House B Window

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A house which comprises an attic space, a living space, and an underfloor space, and wherein the attic space and the underfloor space are connected to each other by an inner wall and an inner space between the outer walls, a roof surrounding the space, A heat insulating layer is formed on the outer wall, a soil layer in the underfloor space, a concrete layer is laminated on the soil insulating layer, and
By embedding a heat medium pipe in the concrete layer to form an underfloor space heating section for passing the heat medium through the heat medium pipe, and forming an air vent in at least one of the inner wall of the living space, the floor, and the ceiling. The living space is connected to the underfloor space, the space inside the wall, or the attic space, and an exhaust port is provided in at least one location of the living space, and the exhaust port is connected to a heat exchange type ventilation fan arranged in the house. By doing so, the air in the living space is discharged to the outside through the heat exchange type ventilation fan, while the outside air is communicated with the blower via the heat exchange type ventilation fan, and the air is compressed by the blower to the underfloor space. To release,
In addition, a house characterized in that a sensor arranged in the living space controls heat exchange ventilation of the heat exchange type ventilation fan and switching of normal ventilation and the ventilation amount, and the blower amount of the blower.