JP2752473B2 - House - Google Patents

Description

[Description of the Invention] [Prior Art] In a conventional house, a heat insulating material is provided on a wall or the like in order to improve the livability, and heat in and out of the house is blocked. I was

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, heating in such a house is performed using a heater such as a stove in a living space. In this case,
A temperature distribution where the closer to the heat source, the warmer, and the temperature decreases as the distance to the heat source increases, and the temperature near the ceiling becomes warmer, and the temperature near the floor becomes lower. was there. In addition, in this case, since heating is performed locally, there is a disadvantage that a heat shock is caused by movement between the outside rooms. Moreover, in this case, the living space is often made airtight, and it is necessary to ventilate the dirty air generated in the living space, and there is a disadvantage that heat is released to the outside with this ventilation. . Further, in a conventional house, the supplied thermal energy is amplified during convection and the like, and there is no configuration for radiating far-infrared rays. Thus, there is a disadvantage that the longer the ventilation path, the lower the thermal energy. In addition, the heat for heating merely reduces the moisture with respect to the moisture in the air, and there is no structure that makes the air feel refreshing.

[Means for solving the problem]

According to the present invention, in order to eliminate such drawbacks, the space behind the hut and the space under the floor are communicated with each other in the space inside the wall, and a heat insulating material is arranged on the outer wall and the roof, and the underground space has an insulating layer between the earth and concrete. Layer, and a slab heating section consisting of a heat medium pipe buried in the concrete layer, and heating the air in the underfloor space in the slab heating section to heat the living space from the floor, Heating the living space through the inner wall when the warmed air rises in the wall space due to the rising force prevents the temperature unevenness of the living space and air rising in the wall space under the window. While improving the heating effect by directly entering the living space,
By preventing stagnation of air in the space inside the wall, heating from the inner wall surface is made almost uniform, and a heat exchanger is arranged at an arbitrary position in the house, and at least one of the heat exchanger and the living space is provided. By connecting the exhaust port arranged in the room and the underfloor space and discharging the air in the living space to the outside through the heat exchanger, and discharging the external air to the underfloor space through the heat exchanger, Promotes ventilation and the power to lift the air in the space inside the wall,
Furthermore, a layer that emits far-infrared rays, which is a fresh heat source, is formed on at least one surface of the inner space of the main space that serves as a flow path for air, thereby saving energy, refreshing the air, and having a favorable effect on the human body. This is to provide a house that can be used.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the house according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a typical embodiment of the house A. Reference numeral 1 denotes a space behind the hut, reference numeral 2 denotes a living space, and reference numeral 3 denotes an underfloor space. The house A is divided by a ceiling 17 and a floor 18, respectively. It is an internal space. 4 is a heat insulating layer at least for house A
It shuts out heat from the inside and outside, and has secondary soundproofing, airtightness, and fireproofing. Reference numeral 34 denotes a layer that emits far-infrared rays, which is provided in a main part of the air flow path.
More specifically, the heat insulating layer 4 is composed of a roof heat insulating layer 5 and an outer wall heat insulating layer 6, each of which has a board shape, a mat shape, a sheet shape, or a structure integrated with a roof material and an outer wall material. Examples of the former are a polystyrene board, a polyurethane board, a polyisocyanurate foam board, a sizing board, a sizing insulation board, a wood chip cement board, a wood wool cement board, a glass wool mat, or a composite board thereof,
By arranging metal roofing materials, tiles, etc. on these surfaces, the roof can be made, and metal panels, tiles, ceramic panels,
The outer wall is formed by disposing an ALC plate or the like. Examples of the latter include a panel integrally formed with a surface material, a heat insulating core material and, if necessary, a back surface material, an ALC exterior panel, a wood chip cement panel, a wood wool cement panel, and the like. The outer wall heat insulating layer 6 and the roof heat insulating layer 5 are formed by arranging them on the skeleton.
Of course, a structure in which the latter panel is disposed on the former heat insulating layer 4 may be used. Note that the heat insulating layer 4 preferably has a sealing property so as not to lose the flow of air in the house A. For this reason, it is also possible to form the heat insulating layer 4 by using a sheet-like material such as asphalt felt or a breathable sheet together with the above-mentioned heat insulating material. 7 is a space in the wall, and a heat insulating layer 6 on the outer wall.
The space between the hut back space 1 and the underfloor space 3 communicates with each other, and air flows by natural convection and the like. This is useful for heating the living space 2 from 19 sides. The soil heating unit 8 heats the inside of the underfloor space 3 in winter and blocks moisture from entering the ground. As shown in FIG. 2, the slab heating section 8 includes a slab insulation layer 9, a concrete layer 10, and a heat medium pipe 13. More specifically, the intersoil insulation layer 9 is a rigid plastic foam such as a polystyrene foam, a polyurethane foam, or a phenol foam, and has a closed-cell foam structure with a density of 30 to 10%.
It has a compressive strength of about 0 kg / m ³ or at least one of ALC board, wood chip cement board, wood wool cement board and the like, and has a thickness of about 10 to 100 mm. This soil insulation layer 9 is for preventing this heat from being released to the ground when heating the soil through a heat medium such as hot water in the heat medium pipe 13. When the intersoil insulation layer 9 is made of a rigid plastic foam having a closed-cell foam structure, it has a moisture-proof property, and water from the ground does not enter the house A. When a moisture-permeable material is used as described above, it is preferable to lay a moisture-proof sheet 14 as shown by a two-dot chain line or between the soil insulation layer 9 and the concrete layer 10 (not shown). . The concrete layer 10 functions as a heat storage material, a heat dispersing material from the heat medium pipe 13 and the heat medium pipe 13.
By burying, the moisture is stored in the heat medium pipe 13, which also helps to prevent the heat medium pipe 13 from bursting when it freezes. The concrete layer 10 is divided into a reinforced base concrete layer 11 and a soil concrete layer 12 for convenience. The reinforced base concrete layer 11 is a layer mainly for facilitating the piping of the heat medium pipe 13. This reinforced base concrete layer 11
It is also possible to form using concrete or a PC board. The soil concrete layer 12 embeds the heat medium pipe 13 and functions as a heat radiating portion for uniformly warming the air in the underfloor space 3. The heat medium pipe 13 is, for example, a pipe as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), and can be covered with a heat insulating material 16 from the heat source 15 to the entrance and exit on the reinforced base concrete layer 11. It is preferred. The heat medium pipe 13 is made of a copper pipe, a plastic pipe, or the like, and performs soil heating by allowing a heat medium such as water, antifreeze, or heat medium gas to pass therethrough. More specifically, the air in the under-floor space 3 heated by the slab heating unit 8 heats the living space 2 from the floor 18 and raises the space inside the wall 7 by the rising power of the heated space. It rises toward space 1.
At this time, the living space 2 is heated via the inner wall 19. For this reason, in the living space 2, heating is performed from both sides of the floor 18 and the inner wall 19, so that the heating is performed substantially uniformly. In addition, since the entire living space 2 in the house A is heated, each room has a uniform temperature, heat shock can be prevented, and the living space 2 is comfortable. Reference numeral 20 denotes a vent, which connects the interior space 7 and the living space 2 to each other, takes in a part of the air rising in the interior space 7 into the living space 2, and directly indirectly heats the floor 18 and the interior wall 19. This is for heating. The vent 20
Is provided in the lower part of the window 21, the air rising in the space 7 in the wall is stopped from rising by the window 21 and is prevented from stagnating,
This has a secondary effect of preventing temperature unevenness of the inner wall 19. Of course, a louver, an opening / closing mechanism, a fan, and the like are built in the ventilation port 20 and can be linked with the temperature in the living space 2. Reference numeral 22 denotes an exhaust port, which is provided at at least one location on the ceiling 17 and connected to a heat exchanger 23 by a pipe 24, for example. The exhaust port 22 is for discharging dirty air generated in the living space 2, and performs ventilation by using the living space 2 as one path of air circulation together with the vent hole 20. The heat exchanger 23 is disposed at an arbitrary position in the house A such as the back space 1 and the underfloor space 3 between the air discharged from the living space 2 to the outside in winter and the air taken into the house A from the outside. Is used for heat exchange. The air taken in through the heat exchanger 23 is
Is released into the underfloor space 3. This is because the air in the underfloor space 3 is heated by the soil heating unit 8 and rises in the in-wall space 7, but this rising force is promoted and fresh air is supplied to the living space 2 through the vent 20. That's why. In addition, a fan (not shown) is provided for the exhaust port 22, the heat exchanger 23, or the pipes 24, 25. In addition, a dispersion duct 26 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 (a) and (b) is attached to the underfloor space 3 side of the pipe 25 so that the outside air discharged through the heat exchanger 23 can be discharged over a wide area. It is preferable to perform the above. That is, FIG. 4 shows a pipe shape made of metal or plastic as an antenna or not shown,
It is formed in a spiral shape or the like, and has a slit 26a in a square shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like. FIG. 5 (a),
(B) is a material having a void composed of a communication tissue, for example, glass fiber, plastic fiber, mineral fiber,
From fibrous materials such as metal fibers, synthetic resin foams such as open-celled polyurethane foam and polyurea foam, and porous ceramics formed from pipes such as rings, squares, triangles, and polygons in cross section. This is arranged as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). In this case, since the gap of the communicating tissue serves as the slit 26a, uniform suction and discharge can be performed. Numeral 27 denotes a heat collecting window which is disposed in a sunny place such as the south side of the house A, and collects solar heat to promote heating of the house A. That is, as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, it is disposed on a roof, and includes a frame 28, glass 29, and a heat collecting surface 30. The heat collecting window 27 heats the solar heat coming from the surface of the glass 29 by the black or dark color heat collecting surface 30 to heat the air in the space α surrounded by the frame 28, the glass 29, and the heat collecting surface 30. It is. More specifically, the heat collection outlet window 27 has its lower end connected to the pipe 25 or the heat exchanger 23 by a pipe 32, and its upper end connected to the wall space 7 by a pipe 31. A part of the outside air taken in through the exchanger 23 is heated by the solar heat and taken into the house A, which is useful for heating. For this reason, the heating of the house A is performed by the soil heating unit 8.
At the same time, solar heat can be used, and energy can be saved. Preferably, pipes 31 and 32 are provided with a fan and a check valve (not shown), and a temperature sensor is attached to space α, and the fan is operated when the temperature in space α becomes equal to or higher than a certain value. It is. The glass 29 is made of a pair of glass (registered trademark) or the like.
It is preferable to prevent from acting as a heat radiating surface. Reference numeral 33 denotes an underfloor ventilation opening having at least an opening / closing mechanism, which is normally closed in winter to prevent outside air from flowing directly into the underfloor space 3 and opened in summer to release outside air from the underfloor space 3.
It is intended to be able to be incorporated into. Note that a fan can be built in the underfloor ventilation port 33. The above-mentioned layer 34 for radiating far-infrared rays mainly heats air in the air flow path with far-infrared rays, saves energy, reduces moisture, and is useful for fungicide, insect repellency, and preservation. To elaborate further, far infrared rays
It is absorbed by the water of the human body, and the movement at the atomic and molecular level of water is activated and blood circulation is improved, which contributes to health promotion. In addition, the substance that emits far-infrared rays is composed of one of silica, mica, feldspar, magnesia, and quartz. The layer 34 for emitting far-infrared rays is formed to a thickness of about 0.1 to 2 mm by mixing with a paint or an adhesive and using a spray gun or the like. In addition, the portion where the layer 34 for emitting far-infrared rays is formed may be, for example, at least the entire inner surface (flow channel silicon) 35 through which air flows as shown in FIG. 1 or a part as shown in FIG. Form.

What has been described above is only one embodiment of the house A according to the present invention, and as shown by the dotted line in FIG. It is also possible to discharge the air to the outside through the heat exchanger 23 together with the air in the living space 2. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, a duct 37 is provided from the cabin back space 1 to the underfloor space 3 to blow air from the cabin back space 1 to the underfloor space 3 by a fan (not shown) in winter, and The air in the underfloor space 3
By blowing air to the air conditioner, cooling and heating can be performed.
Further, as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to dispose the ventilation fan 38 in a place where a large amount of moisture is generated, such as a kitchen, and to discharge moisture directly to the outside. In this case, when performing heat exchange in the heat exchanger 23, if the air discharged to the outside contains a large amount of moisture, dew condensation occurs in the heat exchanger 23, leading to a reduction in efficiency, which is prevented. In addition to preventing the water generated in the kitchen and bathroom from spreading to the entire living space 2, it is useful for improving the livability and the durability of the house A. Of course, it is also possible to arrange the ventilation fan 38 in the other living space 2 and operate it in summer. In addition, it is preferable that the ventilation fan 38 uses a heat exchange type ventilation fan. Further, the ventilation fan 38 can be operated by a humidity sensor only when the humidity becomes high. Further, in the soil heating section 8, it is possible to cool the inside of the house A by circulating a cold heat medium such as cooling water or cooling gas in the heat medium pipe 13 in summer. In addition, a ridge ventilation fan can be provided to improve ventilation in summer and block in winter to increase heating efficiency.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the house of the present invention, since the heat insulating layer is formed on the outer wall and the roof, cooling and heating can be performed efficiently. The living space is heated from both sides of the floor surface and the inner wall surface by the soil heating unit, and uniform heating can be performed. Since the whole house is heated by the soil heating unit, a healthy environment without heat shock is provided.
Since the space in the wall and the living space are connected by a vent, the air heated by the soil heating unit can be directly taken into the living space, used for heating, and efficiently heated. Since the vent is provided, it is possible to perform both indirect heating from the inner wall surface and the floor surface and direct heating for taking warm air into the living space from the vent. When the vent is provided below the window, the air does not stagnate in the space in the wall, and the heating from the inner wall surface can be performed uniformly. A layer that emits far-infrared rays is provided on the inner or outer surface of the main space through which air flows, or on a part of both surfaces, so that the air that flows in the space passes through the space where far-infrared rays with a wavelength of about 4 to 10 μ are emitted. Therefore, the air is heated and dehumidified, and clean and permanent refreshing air flows, thereby conserving energy, preventing mold, insects, and moisture, and contributing to increasing the durability of the house. When a layer emitting far-infrared rays is formed on the wall on the living space side, it is useful for human health, for example, for enhancing blood circulation. The formation of layers is easy and inexpensive even at the stage of construction and during construction, and also helps to preserve wood. Heat exchange efficiency is improved. The ventilation of the living space can be performed, and the comfort is improved. Since ventilation is performed through a heat exchanger, heating can be performed efficiently. Since the outside air taken in through the heat exchanger is released to the underfloor space, the rise of the air is promoted, and the heating from the inner wall surface can be made more uniform. Heating uses the heating by the soil heating unit and the solar heat by the heat collection window, so that energy saving can be achieved. Moisture can be prevented from entering from the soil, and a durable house can be provided. There are effects and features such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating a typical example of a house according to the present invention, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b) are explanatory views illustrating a soil heating unit, and FIG. FIG.
FIG. 5, FIG. 5 (a), (b), FIG. 6 (a), (b), and FIG. 8 are explanatory views for explaining other embodiments. A: house, 1 ... hut back space, 2 ... living space, 3 ...
... underfloor space, 7 ... wall space, 8 ... earth heating section, 20 ...
... Vent, 21 ... Window, 22 ... Exhaust, 23 ... Heat exchanger,
27 …… Heat collection window.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] Claims: 1. A house surrounding a cabin space, a living space, and a space under a floor, wherein the space behind the cabin and the space under the floor are connected to each other by a space in a wall between an inner wall and an outer wall. A heat insulation layer is formed on the outer wall, and a concrete layer is laminated on the dirt in the underfloor space, on the dirt insulation layer, and
A pipe for a heat medium is buried in the concrete layer, and a slab heating section that allows a heat medium to pass through the pipe for the heat medium, and an air vent that connects a space inside the wall and a living space under a window of the inner wall,
In addition, an exhaust port is provided in at least one place of the living space, and the air in the living space is discharged to the outside through the heat exchanger by connecting the exhaust port to a heat exchanger disposed in the house. On the other hand, a house that emits external air to the underfloor space through the heat exchanger is configured as a house, and a layer that emits far-infrared rays on at least the inner surface or outer surface of the main space through which air flows, or a part of both surfaces. A house characterized by being formed.