WO2001058972A2 - Amelioration du rendement thermique par l'emploi de revetements en silane et articles comportant un tel revetement - Google Patents

Amelioration du rendement thermique par l'emploi de revetements en silane et articles comportant un tel revetement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001058972A2
WO2001058972A2 PCT/US2001/040052 US0140052W WO0158972A2 WO 2001058972 A2 WO2001058972 A2 WO 2001058972A2 US 0140052 W US0140052 W US 0140052W WO 0158972 A2 WO0158972 A2 WO 0158972A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating composition
silane
lower alkyl
heat transfer
metal
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PCT/US2001/040052
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English (en)
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WO2001058972A3 (fr
Inventor
John B. Schutt
Anthony A. Gedeon
Jeffrey Stanich
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Adsil, Lc
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Publication date
Application filed by Adsil, Lc filed Critical Adsil, Lc
Priority to CA 2373609 priority Critical patent/CA2373609A1/fr
Priority to MXPA01011348A priority patent/MXPA01011348A/es
Priority to NZ515377A priority patent/NZ515377A/en
Priority to EP01925085A priority patent/EP1257367A4/fr
Priority to AU51680/01A priority patent/AU774200B2/en
Priority to IL146385A priority patent/IL146385A/en
Publication of WO2001058972A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001058972A2/fr
Priority to NO20015459A priority patent/NO20015459D0/no
Publication of WO2001058972A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001058972A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/14—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
    • C23C2222/20—Use of solutions containing silanes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane

Definitions

  • This invention relates to use of silane based coating compositions for coating heat exchange systems, such as HVAC systems, whereby heating efficiencies and corrosion protection are both substantially improved. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with improving performance and useful lifetime of heat exchange systems wherein the heat exchange surfaces are coated with a very thin coating of glass-like silane based coating composition which penetrate into very small spaces at the interface between and in the heat exchange surfaces to provide a parallel path for heat transfer and prevent corrosion, thereby greatly improving short- and long-term efficiency.
  • Silane, silanol and siloxane compounds have been used for many years, as both solvent-based and aqueous-based, formulations, with or without modification with organic substituents, for such applications as coupling agents for glass or other inorganic substrates to organic compounds; non-permanent (limited life) water repellants for concrete and woven fabric materials; synthetic rubber like compounds for adhesives and sealers; adhesion modifiers for organic paints and inorganic coatings; and other property enhancing uses which take advantage of having the ability to form moderate to strong hydrogen bonds to organic and inorganic surfaces, more tenaciously than most classes of polymeric coatings.
  • U.S. Patents No. 3,944,702, 3,976,497, 3,986,997 and 4,027,073 describe coating compositions which are acid dispersions of colloidal silica and hydroxylated silsequioxane in an alcohol-water medium.
  • U.S. 4,1 13,665 discloses chemically resistant ambient curable coatings based on a binder of which the major portion is prepared by reacting, in an acidic solution, trialkoxysilanes (e.g., methyltriethoxysilane) with aliphatic polyols, silicones or both.
  • Barium fillers such as barium metaborate, may be added to provide resistance to sulfur dioxide.
  • Zinc oxide or metallic zinc may be included for further corrosion resistance.
  • the compositions may be applied to, e.g.. steel petroleum tanks, by spraying, concrete, vitreous surfaces.
  • organosilane-polyol which is a reaction product between certain hydrophilic organic polycarbinols and organosilicon material, e.g., organosilane, curing agent (e.g., aminoplast resin), organic solvent (optional), essentially unreacted polyol (optional), essentially unreacted hydrolyzed and condensed organosilane (optional), water (optional) and pigment (optional).
  • organosilane-polyol which is a reaction product between certain hydrophilic organic polycarbinols and organosilicon material, e.g., organosilane, curing agent (e.g., aminoplast resin), organic solvent (optional), essentially unreacted polyol (optional), essentially unreacted hydrolyzed and condensed organosilane (optional), water (optional) and pigment (optional).
  • U.S. 4,648,904 describes an aqueous emulsion of (a) hydrolyzable silane, inclusive of methyltrimethoxysilane, (b) surfactant (e.g., Table I, col. 4) and (c) water.
  • the coatings may be used for rendering masonry water repellant.
  • U.S. 5,275,645 is purported to provide an improvement to the acid-catalyzed organosilane coating compositions of the above-mentioned U.S. 4,1 13,665.
  • a protective coating is obtained at ambient temperature from a coating composition containing organosilanes having an Si-0 bond, using an amine catalyst and an organometallic catalyst.
  • U.S. 5,879,437 describes a coating composition containing a tetraalkyl silicate or monomeric or oligomeric hydrolysis product thereof, present in a proportion of 40- 90% by weight based on the non-volatile content of the composition and a hydrous oxide sol (Type A or Type B), in an amount such that the oxide constitutes 10-60 % by weight of the non-volatiles.
  • this coating composition is suitable for the pretreatment of solid surfaces such as metals generally, including steel, titanium, copper, zinc and, particularly aluminum, to improve adhesion properties of the pretreated surface to subsequently applied coatings, such as paint, varnish, lacquer; or of adhesive, either in the presence or absence of a lubricant.
  • U.S. 5,882,543 describes methods and compositions for dehydrating, passivating and coating HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) systems.
  • the compositions include an organometalloid and/or organometallic compound, which reacts with water in the system.
  • the sealing function of these compositions is apparently obtained by introducing the composition to the fluid enclosure and upon exiting from an opening, the composition (i.e.. organometallic) reacts with atmospheric moisture to seal the opening.
  • U.S. 5,954,869 discloses an antimicrobial coating from water-stabilized organosilanes obtained by mixing an organosilane having one or more hydrolyzable groups, with a polyol containing at least two hydroxyl groups. This patent includes a broad disclosure of potential applications and end uses, e.g., column 4, lines 35-53; columns 23-25.
  • U.S. 5,959,014 relates to organosilane coatings purported to have extended shelf life.
  • a coating composition as a two part formulation, the first part being an acidic aqueous dispersion of divalent metal cation, having a pH of from about 2.2 to about 2.8; and the second part a non- aqueous composition comprising at least one trialkoxy silane; with at least one of the first and second parts comprising a volatile organic solvent.
  • the corrosion resistant coatings may be provided as aqueous-alcoholic dispersions of the partial condensate of monomethyl silanol (obtained by hydrolysis of monomethyl alkoxysilane) alone or in admixture with minor amounts of other silanol, e.g., phenyltrimethoxysilanol, gamma-glycidyloxy silanol, and the like, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by divalent metal ions, e.g., Ca +2 , typically from alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • these coating are applied to, e.g., boat hulls, such as aluminum hulls, they are highly effective in preventing corrosion from salt water for extended periods.
  • this patent indicates that the patented coating compositions are suitable for application to various types of substrates, but especially, marine surfaces, such as aluminum boat hulls, to render the surface corrosion resistant in a salt water environment.
  • Other representative potential applications and substrates for the patented silane based coating compositions mentioned in the Schutt and Gedeon patent include coatings for concrete/rock, wherein the coating can penetrate the porous materials, due to its low viscosity and active nature; metals/plastics, wherein the coating is preferably applied to very clean surfaces but will itself clean the pores in the metal or plastic and exhume the contamination which generally rises to the surface of the coating.
  • compositions of the Schutt, et al patent are oligomeric coatings using a variety of siloxane bond forming monomers as described. Subsequent modifications of the compositions of the U.S. 5,929, 159 patent have been developed by John Schutt and are described, for example, in copending provisional applications Serial Nos. 60/185,367 and 60/185,354, both filed on February 28, 2000, and Serial No. 60/236,158, filed September 25, 2000.
  • these provisional applications disclose formulations for silane/siloxane/silanol oligomeric compositions, both solvent (non-aqueous) and water (aqueous) based, which effectively bond to many different metallic and non-metallic surfaces by means of siloxy (-Si-O-) bonds.
  • the compositions disclosed by the 5,929,159 patent and provisional applications can cure under ambient conditions and are catalyzed using, for example, acid, alkali, and metal alkoxide, catalysts. They may contain organic additives forming hydrogen bonds of greater energy than those formed with water. Protection of metallic surfaces occur because bonds of greater covalency are created which are more robust than dipole or dispersion forces.
  • the low molecular weight of the oligomeric components and the low viscosity of the composition enables them to penetrate the defect surface structure found in all surfaces, with the option of creating dendritic-like networks over a surface.
  • scanning electron microphotographs show that compositions as described herein penetrate defects having nanometer dimensions while forming films on the order of millionths of an inch in depth.
  • compositions may be applied not only to coat new heat exchange systems and component parts thereof, e.g., coils, condensers and the like, but also may be applied in situ to existing heat exchange systems and component parts, even when the system or individual parts thereof are corroded.
  • the present invention provides a method for improving heat exchange (thermal) efficiency of heat transfer surfaces and corrosion protection for heat transfer surfaces and heat transfer systems and component parts thereof by coating the heat transfer surfaces alone or the entire heat transfer system or component parts thereof , with a low viscosity, penetrating, reactive, curable, film- forming, silane-based, coating composition and curing the composition to thereby form an at least substantially continuous glass-like coating on the coated surface, the coating extending into voids and defects which may be present in the surface, whereby a thermally conductive corrosion protective layer is provided on the heat transfer surface, and any other coated surfaces.
  • the present invention provides a method for improving efficiency of heat transfer from a heat transfer medium flowing in heat transfer contact with a heat transfer surface of a thermally conductive component of a heat transfer system across the heat transfer surface.
  • the coating composition is applied to at least the heat exchange surfaces of a fin and tube heat exchange system.
  • the coating composition is an aqueous or non-aqueous oligomeric silane coating composition formed by admixing (a) at least one silane of the formula (1 ) where R 1 represents a lower alkyl group, a C 6 -C 8 aryl or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional groups;
  • the coating composition is applied to at least a portion of a heat transfer surface and the applied coating composition is allowed to cure to form a highly corrosion resistant and strongly adherent coating.
  • This coating is effective to fill micropores and crevices in the heat transfer surface to effectively increase the area available for heat transfer.
  • the present invention provides a method for increasing the contact area between first and second heat transfer surfaces in thermal contact with each other, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency across the thermally contacting heat transfer surfaces.
  • the method according to this embodiment comprises applying to the thermally contacting heat transfer surface of at least one of the first and second heat transfer surfaces, a low viscosity, penetrating, curable, reactive, film-forming, coating composition and curing the composition to thereby form an at least substantially continuous glass-like coating on the heat transfer surface, the coating extending into voids and defects which may be present in said heat transfer surface, whereby a thermally conductive corrosion protective layer is provided on the heat transfer surface.
  • the preferred coating composition is an aqueous or non-aqueous oligomeric silane coating composition formed by admixing (a) at least one silane of the formula (1) where R 1 represents a lower alkyl group, a C 6 -C 8 aryl or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional groups;
  • M is a metal of valence 2, 3 or 4, or mixture of two or more such metals; R represents a lower alkyl group; and, m represents a number or 2, 3 or 4;
  • silica component selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, ethyl polysilicate, and colloidal silica dispersed in lower alkanol;
  • a silica component selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, ethyl polysilicate, and colloidal silica dispersed in lower alkanol;
  • color forming silanol condensation catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkali metal silicate, ethyl orthosilicate, ethyl polysilicate, and colloidal silica dispersed in lower alkanol
  • the efficiency of heat exchange apparatus of the type wherein a metal-to-metal contact is present wherein a metal heat transfer surface is swaged or force fit to a metal heat transfer fluid conveyance is improved by applying to the metal to metal contact a low viscosity, penetrating, curable, reactive, film-forming, coating composition and curing the composition to thereby form an at least substantially continuous glass-like coating on said heat transfer surface, said coating extending into voids and defects which may be present in said heat transfer surface, whereby a thermally conductive corrosion protective layer is provided on said heat transfer surface.
  • the above described aqueous or non-aqueous oligomeric silane coating composition containing the silane of formula (1), silane condensation catalyst and solvent, and one or more optional ingredients, is applied to the interface of the metal-to-metal contact portions, whereby the oligomeric coating composition will displace gasses and liquids in the interface; and allowing the coating composition to cure to a film thickness of from about 5 to about 150 millionths of an inch, while also filling microvacancies in the metal surfaces at the metal-to-metal contact interface.
  • the present invention also provides the coated heat exchange surfaces and heat exchange systems and component parts, especially, fin and tube heat exchange systems.
  • the coating compositions used in the present invention may generally be characterized as low molecular weight oligomeric silane based coatings.
  • silane is intended to include not only silanes but also silanols and siloxanes and the low molecular weight partial condensation products thereof.
  • low molecular weight is intended to refer to the general absence of large or bulky organic molecules or moieties as part of the silane components, namely, wherein the organic substituents are generally limited to lower alkyl groups, especially alkyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, including, in particular, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl groups, and aryl groups of no more than about 8 carbon atoms, especially, no more than about 6 carbon atoms, such as, for example, phenyl, benzyl, and phenethyl.
  • the coating compositions of this invention are characterized by low viscosity to facilitate the penetration into the microcrevices and microvoids present on the heat transfer surface.
  • low viscosity is taken to mean the ability to penetrate into micron and submicron size voids in metal surfaces.
  • the coating compositions of the present invention are characterized by a coating viscosity, measured using a No. 2 (#2) Zahn Cup, of from about 4 to about 10 seconds, especially, from about 5 to about 8 seconds, measured at room temperature (approximately 18°C).
  • the present invention also provides improved heat transfer systems coated with the subject silane based anticorrosion coating compositions as described herein.
  • the invention coating compositions may be applied as protective coatings for new or refurbished heat transfer systems and components as well as applied in situ to used, corroded or rusted heat transfer systems and component parts thereof to significantly improve performance and increase the useful life of the treated systems and component parts.
  • compositions according to this invention are able to readily penetrate into extremely small spaces and crevices, including down to nanometer inclusions in the indices of the metal substrates used to manufacture heat exchange systems and component parts.
  • the compositions of the present invention are characterized by low cohesive forces and, as a result, tend to wick into such small micro-spaces due to their active chemical nature.
  • organic coatings including acrylics, polyurethanes, epoxies and phenolics, will not naturally wick into the small (e.g., micro-voids) metal contact irregularities, even when applied by E-coating (electrocoating) techniques.
  • silane/siloxane compounds While it has been suggested in the art to mix some silane/siloxane compounds with acrylics, acrylic urethanes, organic acids and epoxides, however, these known formulations are not able to take advantage of the small active molecules which characterize the present compositions, which are capable of wicking into extremely small voids in and between thermal contact surfaces.
  • the coating compositions used in the present invention are capable of filling small nanometer size voids under driving forces of capillary action and Helmoltz free energy, displacing gasses and/or reacting with water or other chemicals.
  • the ability of the coating compositions of this invention to migrate and penetrate capillary structures releasing Helmoltz free energy allows them to displace molecules bonded by means of secondary and tertiary valence forces and provide protection by forming micron range thickness coatings, on the order of from about 5 to about 150 millionths of an inch. These driving forces even allow such penetration to occur under the high pressures, e.g., 2000 p.s.i., present in joints of such heat exchangers. Accordingly, the coating of the present invention are highly effective for increasing the efficiency of heat exchangers by providing parallel thermal paths between metal contact of, for example, heat dispersing fins and tubing or piping carrying fluids or gases for absorption or dispersion of heat.
  • the preferred low viscosity, penetrating, active coating compositions used in the present invention are silane based coating compositions, and may be may be aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • Preferred coating compositions are formed by admixing (a) at least one silane of formula (1 ) where R 1 represents a lower alkyl group, a C 6 -C 8 aryl group or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional groups; with (b) a silane condensation catalyst, which may be, for example, an acid, a base, or mixed acid-base.
  • silane(s) and catalyst are contacted in a low viscosity solvent, typically a lower alkanol solvent, such as ethanol, isopropanol, and the like.
  • a low viscosity solvent typically a lower alkanol solvent, such as ethanol, isopropanol, and the like.
  • One or more additional reactive or functional ingredients may be included in the composition.
  • suitable oligomeric silane coating compositions useful in the present invention have been described in my above-identified patent and co-pending provisional applications and are described briefly below.
  • an aqueous coating composition comprising a dispersion of divalent metal cations in lower aliphatic alcohol-water solution of the partial condensate of at least one silanol of the formula RSi(OH) 3 , wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, or C 6 -C 8 aryl or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional groups (e.g., 3,3.3- trifluoropropyl, ⁇ -glycidyloxypropyl, and ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl), at least about 70 percent by weight of the silanol being CH 3 Si(OH) 3 , acid in amount to provide a pH in the range of from about 2.5 to about 6.2, said divalent metal cations being present in an amount of from about 1.2 millimoles to about 2.4 millimoles, per molar equivalent of the partial condensate, calculated as methyl silane sesquioxide;
  • an aqueous coating composition formed by admixing (A) at least one silane of the formula (1)
  • R 1 is a lower alkyl group, a C 6 -C 8 aryl group or an N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropy! group, and R 2 is a lower alkyl group;
  • non-aqueous coating composition formed by admixing (A) at least one silane of formula (1)
  • R' ⁇ SKORVn (1) wherein R 1 represents lower alkyl, C6-C 8 aryl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, ⁇ - glycidyloxypropyl, ⁇ -(meth)acryloxypropyl, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl, or aminopropyl group; R 2 represents lower alkyl or acetyl group; and n is a number of 1 to 2; (B) boric acid, optionally dissolved in lower alkanol;
  • silica component selected from the group consisting of ethyl ortho-silicate, ethyl polysilicate and colloidal silica, dispersed in lower alkanol;
  • V a non-aqueous coating composition formed by admixing
  • (B) acid component comprising a member selected from the group consisting of water-soluble organic acids, H 3 B0 3 and H P0 3 ; and (D) water;
  • an aqueous coating composition formed by admixing (A) at least one silane of formula (1 )
  • R' n SKORV n (1) wherein R 1 represents lower alkyl, C 6 -C 8 aryl, or a functional group containing at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional group; and R 2 is a lower alkyl group;
  • R 1 represents lower alkyl group, C 6 -C 8 aryl group or a bifunctional silane containing vinyl, acrylic, amino, or vinyl chloride functional group; and R 2 is a lower alkyl group;
  • M is a metal of valence m, R 3 is a lower alkyl group, m is an integer of 3 or 4, or (iii) mixture of (ii) and (iii); and (D) water;
  • IX an aqueous coating composition formed by admixing (A) at least one silane of the formula (1)
  • R 1 represents lower alkyl group, C 6 -C 8 aryl group or a bifunctional silane containing vinyl, acrylic, amino, or vinyl chloride functional group; and R 2 is a lower alkyl group; (D) water;
  • R 1 represents lower alkyl group, C ⁇ -Cg aryl group or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional group;
  • R 2 is a lower alkyl group
  • M is a metal of valence m
  • R J is a lower alkyl group
  • m is an integer of 3 or 4, or (iii) mixture of (ii) and (iii);
  • R 1 represents lower alkyl group, C 6 -C 8 aryl group or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional group; and R 2 is a lower alkyl group;
  • aqueous coating composition formed by admixing (A) at least one silane of the formula (1)
  • R 1 represents lower alkyl group, C 6 -C 8 aryl group or a functional group including at least one of vinyl, acrylic, amino, mercapto, or vinyl chloride functional group;
  • R 2 is a lower alkyl group
  • silanes of formula (1) wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or aryl group
  • R 1 is an alkyl group or aryl group
  • R 1 is a functional group
  • the expression "functional group” is intended to include any group, other than hydroxyl, (including alkoxy, aryloxy, etc.), which is hydrolyzable to provide, in situ, a reactive group (e.g., reactive hydrogen) which will react, in other than a condensation reaction, with the substrate (e.g., metal), itself, or other reactive components in or from the coating composition.
  • a reactive group e.g., reactive hydrogen
  • the functional groups in addition to the hydroxyl group (by hydrolysis of the (OR 2 ) groups), tend to form three-dimensional or cross-linked structure, as well known in the art.
  • silane compounds of formula (1 ) it is often preferred to use mixtures of two or more silane compounds of formula (1 ). Mixtures of at least phenyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane are often especially preferred.
  • total amounts of silane compounds of formula (1) will fall within the range of from about 40 to about 90 percent by weight, preferably from about 50 to about 85 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silanes. catalyst(s) and solvent(s).
  • composition may additionally include a bistrifunctional aminosilane, such as represented by the following formula (4): where R 1 and R 2 are as defined above, and X represents an amino group (-NH) or keto group O
  • silane II (C ⁇ ), as a basic catalyst, not requiring acid stabilization.
  • aminosilane or ketosilane catalyst according to formula (4) mention may be made of, for example, bis(trimethoxypropylsilane) amine, bis(trimethoxyethylsilane) amine, di(trimethoxybutylsilane) ketone, di(trimethoxypropylsilane) ketone, and the like.
  • the silane compounds of formula (4) function as a less active basic catalyst, not requiring acidic passivation. Minor amounts, usually from about 1 to about 10 parts, preferably, from about 2 to about 8 parts, of compound of formula (4) per 100 parts of silane compound(s) of formula (1) provide satisfactory results.
  • the silane condensation catalyst (b) may be, for example, a base or alkali component.
  • a base or alkali component such as, for example, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or zinc hydroxide, or mixture thereof; or an organic base component, such as, for example, aminosilane, may be mentioned.
  • the amount of the base catalyst is generally, up to about 2%, such as, for example, from about 0.1 to 2.0%, by weight of the composition, especially, from about 0.2 to 1.6%.
  • the silane condensation catalyst (b) may also be, for example, an acid.
  • the acid catalyst component (b) mention may be made of lower alkanoic acids, such as, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butyric acid, and inorganic acids, such as, for example, boric acid (H 3 B0 3 ) or ortho-phosphorous acid (H 3 P0 3 ), preferably acetic acid, boric acid or ortho-phosphorous acid, most preferably, for reasons of economy and safety, acetic acid.
  • the acid may be added as free acid or as inorganic salt thereof, such as alkali metal (e.g., sodium), alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium), or ammonium salt.
  • total amounts of the inorganic acid component will fall within the range of from about 0.3 to about 4 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 3%, preferably, from about 0.5 to about 2.5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silanes, acid component and water.
  • the preferred range is from about 0.1 to about 1.0 percent, preferably, from about 0.2 to about 0.7 percent, by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • silanol condensation catalysts may be used in place of or in addition to the acid and/or base catalyst.
  • organic solvents (c) mention may be made of lower alkanol, e.g., C 2 -C 4 alkanols, preferably isopropanol.
  • total amounts of organic solvent such as, lower alkanol
  • silane(s), acid component and/or base component and water will fall within a range of from 10 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably from 15 to about 40 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silane(s), acid component and/or base component and water.
  • substantially higher amounts may be convenient, especially where, for example, the coating compositions are applied, usually by spraying, to preexisting HVAC systems, such as, for example, evaporators, or other structures wherein ready access to component parts and/or to metal-metal heat transfer junctions, may be inhibited due to tight fits, etc.
  • dilute coating compositions for example, amounts of alcohol solvent from about 40 to about 90% by weight, or more, especially, from about 50 or 60% by weight or higher, based on the total composition, it is often advantageous, to provide a portion of the solvent as a separate component to be added to the remainder of the composition after mixing of the silane(s) and silane condensation catalyst(s).
  • the system may be provided as a two or three "pot" system, e.g., silane compound(s) in one pot, catalyst(s) in a second pot, a portion of alcohol solvent, e.g., isopropanol, with one or both of the first and second pots, and the remainder of the alcohol and/or water solvent in a third pot.
  • a two or three “pot” system e.g., silane compound(s) in one pot, catalyst(s) in a second pot, a portion of alcohol solvent, e.g., isopropanol, with one or both of the first and second pots, and the remainder of the alcohol and/or water solvent in a third pot.
  • the coating compositions of this invention may be non-aqueous or aqueous.
  • water, as component (j), is present, the total amount of water will generally fall within the range of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight, preferably from about 10 to about 45 percent by weight, based on the total weight of (a) silane(s), (b) catalyst component(s), (c) organic solvent, (j) water, (k) co-solvent.
  • the water may be provided by the acid and/or base component, when the base or acid component is supplied as an aqueous solution, e.g., 5% aqueous solution of ortho-phosphorous acid or saturated aqueous solution of boric acid (about 6% by weight of H 3 B0 3 ). Since the presence of metallic and other impurities may have an adverse effect on the properties of the resulting coatings, preferably, water, when used, is distilled or de-ionized water.
  • aqueous solution e.g., 5% aqueous solution of ortho-phosphorous acid or saturated aqueous solution of boric acid (about 6% by weight of H 3 B0 3 ). Since the presence of metallic and other impurities may have an adverse effect on the properties of the resulting coatings, preferably, water, when used, is distilled or de-ionized water.
  • the coating compositions may include metal catalysts which additionally provide a tint or coloration to the resulting coating.
  • Chromium acetate hydroxide is especially useful in this regard, serving as a basic catalyst which provides a bluish tint to the resulting coating.
  • This feature may be especially useful, for example, in connection with providing corrosion resistant coatings to HVAC systems having large surface areas and/or difficultly accessible regions, where visibility of the applied coating can assure total coverage of the areas to be coated while avoiding wasting coating by excessive applications over already coated surfaces.
  • the present coating composition may be formed by mixing the above-noted components and allowing them to react.
  • a suitable reaction time is typically 4 to 12 hours, if no colloidal aluminum hydroxide and/or metal alcoholate is present. Shorter reaction times may be obtained in the presence of colloidal aluminum hydroxide and/or metal alcoholate.
  • the coating composition may be provided as a two or three container system, e.g., the silane component and any silicate component, if present, being provided in a first container and all other components being provided in a second or second and third container.
  • Water when included in the composition, may be provided separately from the other components.
  • the contents of the two or three (or more) containers may be mixed shortly prior to use and allowed to react for an appropriate reaction time, as noted above.
  • compositions of this embodiment may further include one or more additional additives for functional and/or esthetics effects, such as, for example, (d) colloidal aluminum hydroxide, (e) metal alcoholate, (f) silica and/or silicates, (g) color forming silanol condensation catalyst, (h) epoxide silane, (i) ultraviolet absorber, (j) water, (k) co-solvent, and the like.
  • additional additives for functional and/or esthetics effects such as, for example, (d) colloidal aluminum hydroxide, (e) metal alcoholate, (f) silica and/or silicates, (g) color forming silanol condensation catalyst, (h) epoxide silane, (i) ultraviolet absorber, (j) water, (k) co-solvent, and the like.
  • silicate component (f) examples of silicate component (f), mention may be made of ethyl or methyl orthosilicate or ethyl polysilicate. These silicates may be hydrolyzed, for example, from about 28% to about 52% silica. Especially preferred in this regard is tetraethylsilicate (TEOS) (often referred to simply as ethyl silicate) which has been subjected to controlled hydrolysis, providing a mixture of TEOS and, from about 20% to about 60% polydiethoxysilane oligomers.
  • TEOS tetraethylsilicate
  • a 50% hydrolysis product may be referred to herein as "polydiethoxysilane (50%).”
  • polydiethoxysilane 50% hydrolysis product
  • total amounts of silicate component when used, will fall within the range of from 0 to about 45 percent by weight, preferably from 0 to about 25 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silanes, acid component and water.
  • (k) co-solvent mention may be made, for example, of mono- lower alkyl ether of alkylene (e.g., ethylene) glycol, such as, mono-C ⁇ -C 6 -alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, for example, monomethyl ether, monoethyl ether, monopropyl ether, monobutylether, monopentylether or monohexylether, preferably monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
  • alkylene e.g., ethylene
  • mono-C ⁇ -C 6 -alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol for example, monomethyl ether, monoethyl ether, monopropyl ether, monobutylether, monopentylether or monohexylether, preferably monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
  • co-solvents may also be used, for example, acetone, ketones (e.g., methylethylketone, ethers (e.g., ethylether), esters (e.g., ethyl acetate), and the like.
  • ketones e.g., methylethylketone
  • ethers e.g., ethylether
  • esters e.g., ethyl acetate
  • the co-solvents should also have low viscosity, e.g., lower than that of water, preferably, less than about 8 centipoise.
  • total amounts of the mono-lower alkyl ether of ethylene glycol or other co-solvent when used, will fall within the range of from 0 to about 15 percent by weight, preferably from 0 to about 6 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silanes, acid component and water.
  • one of the low viscosity solvents e.g., methylethylketone
  • the same amounts as discussed above for the preferred alcohol solvents may be used.
  • ultra-violet light absorber As an example of (i) ultra-violet light absorber, mention may be made of titanium dioxide in finely powdered form, e.g., having an average particle diameter of about 20 nm. Other inorganic or organic ultra-violet light absorbers may be utilized in so far as they do not interfere with the objects of this invention.
  • total amounts of the ultra-violet light absorber when used, will fall within the range of from 0 to about 10 percent by weight, preferably from 0 to about 5 percent by weight, based on the total weight of silanes, acid component and water.
  • Metal catalysts such as, for example (d) colloidal aluminum hydroxide, and/or
  • metal alcoholates such as those represented by the following formula (2): M(OR 3 ) m .... (2) where M is a metal of valence m (namely, from Groups IIIA, IVA, IIB or IVB of the periodic table of the elements), e.g., boron, titanium, aluminum, indium, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, silicon, tin, hafnium, etc.
  • R 3 is a lower alkyl group, e.g., C]-C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl group, preferably C 2 -C 4 alkyl group, most preferably, isopropyl, isobutyl or n-butyl; and m is an integer of 3 or 4, may also be used.
  • Boron, aluminum and titanium are especially preferred as metal M because the alkoxides of these metals are more readily commercially available, and tend to be non-toxic).
  • titanium alcoholates of formula (2) mention may be made of titanium alcoholates of C 2 -C alkanols, e.g., titanium tetraisopropoxide and titanium tetrabutoxide.
  • double metal alcoholates of, for example, AlTi, AlZr, A1Y, MgAl, MgTi, MgZr, etc., may also be used.
  • trivalent and tetravalent metal ions are especially useful for coating compositions applied to steel since they tend to form insoluble (water and alkali) iron silicates, whereas the products of divalent metals, tend to be soluble.
  • colloidal aluminum hydroxide and/or metal alcoholate when used, will fall within the range of from 0 to about 2.5 percent by weight, preferably from 0 to about 1 percent by weight, based on the total weight of (a) silane(s), (b) acid and/or base component(s) and solvent(s).
  • silane component (a) from about 15 to about 25 parts, preferably, as a mixture of from about 15 to about 20 parts of methyltrimethoxysilane and from about 1 to about 5 parts of phenyltrimethoxysilane; base component condensation catalyst (b), when present, from about 0.1 to 3 parts, preferably from about 0.2 to 2.5 parts; acid component condensation catalyst (b), when present, from about 0.2 to about 0.8 part; solvent, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, to provide the appropriate viscosity, generally, from about 5 to about 60 parts, preferably, from about 10 to about 40 parts; water (j), when present, from about 2.5 parts by weight to about 40 parts; silicate component (f), when used, from 0 to about 15 parts by weight; mono-lower alkyl ether of ethylene glycol and/or other co-solvent (
  • the above general and preferred amounts of the respective ingredients apply equally to the various embodiments I - XII, of the coating compositions, as identified above. Moreover, on some occasions it has been observed that the activity of the coating compositions is so high that when applied too thickly, a random distribution of lumps, presumably due to gelling, may form. Such lumps, if present, can serve as corrosion initiation centers. Accordingly, one skilled in the art will recognize that the coating compositions according to this invention should preferably be applied in the minimum amount necessary to substantially completely coat the surface to be protected. Coating thicknesses of less than 1 mil, preferably, less than about 0.5 mil, are usually satisfactory.
  • Heat exchange devices often use a swaged metal to metal joint from fin to tube/pipe, made by hydraulically or physically expanding the tube/pipe to force intimate metal to metal contact for heat transfer from fin to joint.
  • the presence of micro-voids are inherent in such metal to metal contact.
  • these micro-voids are filled by the new chemically active coating compositions described herein, thereby providing more efficient parallel heat paths as well as corrosion protection, not heretofore possible. Accordingly, the efficiencies of both new and used heat exchange apparatus is significantly increased while extending the useful service life of the apparatus.
  • Organic coatings such as epoxies, have a thermal conductivity generally about one hundredth the thermal conductivity of a metal-to-metal contact surface. Even with metal or other conductive fillers, which tend to have a short life from corrosion from molecular level water permeation, organic coatings are two orders of magnitude less conductive than metal-to-metal contact. Silicone or glass-like coatings formed according to the present invention, on the other hand, are generally less than 5 to 10 times less conductive than the metal-to-metal contact.
  • the significant and unique ability of these coatings to penetrate metal-to-metal nano-voids created by the irregular microsurface profile of metals allows the coatings to fill a significant amount of void space in such metal-to-metal joint (e.g., fin-tube/pipe) and, while providing less conductivity, and offers a significant, parallel path for thermal conductivity. Therefore, even for a corroded metal-to-metal thermal joint, e.g., a fin and tube structure, a significant improvement in thermal transfer efficiency will be achieved.
  • electrolytes will react with metals or crystallize with such a thermal joint and create salts, other crystalline corrosion structures, or corrosion by-products that expand as they are formed with pressures as high as 2000 pounds per square inch. This causes the amount of contact in a metal to metal heat transfer joint, as described herein, to have less contact then when manufactured, or in some cases, virtually no direct contact due to air or corrosion by-products remaining between metal surfaces.
  • the subject coating compositions in addition to displacing gasses, form bonds to the corrosion products, including chemical bonds to oxides, medium to strong hydrogen bonds to electrolytes, thereby dissolving the corrosion products, and/or encapsulating/filling and providing parallel thermal path(s) around the corrosion products.
  • bonds to the corrosion products including chemical bonds to oxides, medium to strong hydrogen bonds to electrolytes, thereby dissolving the corrosion products, and/or encapsulating/filling and providing parallel thermal path(s) around the corrosion products.
  • the overall corrosion protection provided according to this invention either within the metal-to-metal joint, which is effectively filled and rendered unavailable for penetration of electrolytes or other corrosive gases or chemicals; or on other heat transfer surfaces in contact with air, water, or conductive structure or media/chemical or conveyance (e.g., tube, pipe, conductive metal sink, etc.) for fluid or gases passed through the exchanger; are all protected with a double corrosion protection not offered by normal organic coatings.
  • the instant coating compositions are effective, for example, in eliminating "white rusting '" problems resulting from growth of zinc oxide on brass or other zinc-containing metals or alloys.
  • the zinc and zinc oxide will be effectively brought into the polymeric matrix coating to not only eliminate further growth of the zinc oxide but enhancing the strengthening of the coating.
  • the present invention may be applied to any type of heat exchange system and the component parts thereof.
  • a particularly preferred type of heat exchange system is the fin and tube type.
  • Heat exchangers coated according to the present invention will maintain high efficiencies, equivalent or superior to new, uncoated exchangers, due to exclusion of electrolytes that would normally form corrosion products in metal contact areas, thereby retarding corrosion due to the dual surface chemical bond and coating structure formed on surfaces and in small inclusions in joints, not accessible with previously known coating materials.
  • the anticorrosion silane-based oligomeric coating compositions of this invention may be applied to confer protection on all heat transfer surfaces that come into contact with air, water, or conductive structure or media/chemicals, including, conveyances (e.g., tubes, pipes, conductive metal sinks, etc.) for liquid or gasses passing through the exchanger.
  • conveyances e.g., tubes, pipes, conductive metal sinks, etc.
  • the present invention may be applied to coat new or used heat exchangers and all other components of air-conditioners and chillers, and other refrigeration devices, including cabinets, components, compressors, tubing, piping, grills, fans, motors, external electrical conduits, coated and uncoated wiring, switch boxes, and the associated nuts, bolts, and other connectors.
  • the coating compositions of this invention may be applied to new or used/corroded heat exchangers, made of similar or dissimilar metals, wherein heat transfer fluids or gasses flow in tubing, piping, or other forms of heat conveyance, which are swaged or expanded (e.g., force fit metal joints) to metal to metal contact with other heat exchanger surfaces, and cooled by, for example, air, water, conductive metal heat sink, etc., to increase efficiency of heat transfer of the heat exchanger by improving the metal to metal joint transfer by increasing the contact area between the similar or dissimilar metals.
  • energy costs for running the coated units e.g., air-conditioning condenser; condenser/chiller; will be substantially lowered.
  • the coated substrates of the HVAC systems and/or component parts by virtue of the chemical bonding and silica or siloxane bonding, with the additional dendritic linkages, producing a glass-like structural formation over the chemical bond area, reduces the available chemical activity on the coated surfaces/interfaces of the metal or metal to metal, to thereby provide a "double" protection.
  • This protection is provided on all heat transfer surfaces in contact with air, water, or conductive structure or media/chemicals; as well as on the conveyances (tubes, pipes, conductive metal sinks, etc.) for fluid or gases which pass through the exchanger.
  • the metal becomes unavailable for penetration of electrolytes or corrosive gases or chemicals.
  • the coated HVAC systems and component parts according to the present invention are characterized by being non-adherent to various types of soiling agents and to microbial growths.
  • the coated articles of the present invention have the additional advantage of requiring less frequent maintenance (e.g., cleaning) and, since they do not promote growth of microorganisms, e.g., fungi, mold spores, yeast, bacteria, and the like, are advantageous for use in protecting HVAC systems used to heat/cool occupied structures, e.g.. offices, factories, and the like. That is, since growth of microorganisms is inhibited, when the HVAC systems and component parts thereof, e.g., evaporators, flow ducts, and the like, are treated in accordance with the present invention, subsequent introduction of microorganisms into the structures which are heated/cooled by the coated systems is greatly inhibited or prevented.
  • maintenance e.g., cleaning
  • a first container containing 20 parts isopropyl alcohol methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane and propyltrimethoxysilane are mixed in amounts of 15 parts, 1 part and 5 parts, respectively.
  • aminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane ⁇ N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-amino- propyltrimethoxysilane ⁇ , water, acetic acid, and titanium dioxide (average particle size, 22nm) are mixed in amounts of 0.2 part, 13 parts, 0.4 part, and 0.2 part, respectively.
  • the resulting mixture is allowed at least four hours to homogenize. Faster homogenization will be achieved by using a mechanical shaker or stirrer. Referential Example 1 1
  • This example shows the use of a double metal alkoxide catalyst for the silane coating composition.
  • a uniform solution obtained by mixing 15 parts methyltrimethoxysilane, 5 parts phenyltrimethoxysilane, 20 parts isopropyl alcohol, and 2 parts polydiethoxysiloxane (-50% solids) is catalyzed with 6 parts of an alcoholic (isopropyl alcohol) solution of a double alkoxide of aluminum and titanium.
  • the resulting mixture is allowed to react for about 4 hours using six parts water.
  • Container A 200 parts methyltrimethoxysilane and 100 parts isopropyl alcohol are mixed in a first container (Container A). Separately, in Container B, 40 parts of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is diluted with 20 parts of water before the diluted solution is added to Container A.
  • Container C 6.2 parts boric acid is dissolved in 96.8 parts of isopropyl alcohol and is then combined after cooling begins, with the contents of Container A (to which the contents of Container B has been added).
  • a first container isopropyl alcohol, methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane and isobutyltrimethoxysilane are mixed in amounts of 10 parts, 15 parts by weight, 1 part by weight and 5 parts by weight, respectively.
  • N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, water, acetic acid, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and titanium dioxide are mixed in amounts of 0.2 part by weight, 13 parts by weight, 0.4 part by weight, 3 parts by weight and 0.2 part by weight, respectively.
  • phenyltrimethoxysilane 5 parts by weight of phenyltrimethoxysilane are added to a container containing 15 parts by weight of methyltrimethoxysilane. While mixing, 0.3 part by weight of tetrabutoxytitanate are added, along with 15 parts by weight of ethyl polysilicate, which has been hydrolyzed to 40% silica, and 15 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol. After mixing, 13 parts by weight of an aqueous 6% boric acid solution are added and, after waiting eight hours, the resulting mixture is ready to be applied.
  • This formulation illustrates a coating composition which is shown formulated as a three container system (i.e., water; silane/alcohol; catalyst).
  • a three container system i.e., water; silane/alcohol; catalyst.
  • a mixture of 20 parts of methyltrimethoxysilane and 20 parts isopropyl alcohol is provided in one container. While the silane-alcohol mixture is being stirred, 20 parts water is added. After thoroughly mixing, 1 part of an amine stabilized titanium catalyst (e.g., TyzorTM 131, from E.I. duPont de Nemours), is further added.
  • the composition is allowed to react for about 4 hours and is ready for application. In this system, the alcohol prevents formation of a two-phase mixture.
  • the amount of alcohol or other diluent can be increased at will, e.g., to reduce the solids loading level, improve sprayability or flowability, or otherwise, if necessary, further increase phase stability.
  • Both new and existing (corroded) air-conditioning units located in a Jacksonville Electric Authority sewage treatment plant were treated with a coating composition according to the above Referential Example 1. or were left untreated.
  • the coating compositions were applied, after the units were thoroughly washed, one to three times, with soapy water, rinsed and dried, using hand held pump sprayers.
  • the applied coatings, before beginning to gel, may be wiped with a cloth or sponge to remove excess or pooled coating composition.
  • the entire unit including the external electrical boxes, cabinets, screws, valves, cooling fins, wires, etc., was coated with the invention coating composition.
  • the units are first thoroughly washed with soapy water, rinsed and dried, before the coating is applied.
  • the application can be achieved using any type of manual sprayer, or with a mechanical sprayer.
  • units were either coated with conventional organic coatings, were overcoated on the organically coated units with a coating composition according to this invention, were coated directly on the untreated unit or were not coated.
  • the units coated with the silane coating compositions of the present invention were substantially corrosion free after more than one years service. In contrast, the organically treated unit and the untreated unit underwent substantial corrosion in as little as two months. Similar results may be obtained using coating compositions of other representative compositions of the above Representative Examples.
  • Example 3 Example 3
  • the coated evaporator By applying the coating composition of Referential Example IB to the evaporator of an HVAC unit located on the outside of an apartment building or office building, the coated evaporator is able to prevent growth or collection of fungal spores and bacteria, thereby preventing future transport of the undesirable microorganisms into the building through the HVAC system. Similar results can be achieved with other representative coating compositions described in the above Referential Examples or elsewhere within the above disclosure.

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Abstract

L'application de compositions de revêtement en silane renfermant, par exemple, du méthyltriméthoxysilane, sur des installations d'échange thermique neuves ou usagées, telles que des systèmes de chauffage-ventilation-climatisation, permet d'améliorer l'efficacité du transfert de chaleur et de prévenir ou d'empêcher la corrosion. Ces compositions de revêtement oligomères viennent remplir les microvides dans les surfaces d'échange thermique et pénètrent dans les microcavités à l'interface des surfaces embouties ou ajustées à force, telles que des ailettes ou des tubes. Les compositions de revêtement au silane oligomère sont extrêmement actives et non seulement forment des liaisons avec le métal et les oxydes de métal sur les surfaces de transfert de chaleur, mais déplacent également des gaz ou des liquides sur les surfaces en contact avec le transfert de chaleur et forment des liaisons chimiques et/ou hydrogène avec les oxydes et les impuretés chimiques. Il en résulte un chemin parallèle pour le transfert de chaleur. Même appliquées en couches très minces de l'ordre du millionième de pouce, ces revêtements remplissent les microcavités sur une profondeur pouvant atteindre quelque 2000 nanomètres. Les surfaces de transfert thermique enduites ne sont pas exposées à des dépôts de saletés et de micro-organismes. Elles sont, de ce fait, d'un entretien plus facile et sont écologiquement sures dans les installations de chauffage/climatisation pour lieux d'habitation.
PCT/US2001/040052 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Amelioration du rendement thermique par l'emploi de revetements en silane et articles comportant un tel revetement WO2001058972A2 (fr)

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CA 2373609 CA2373609A1 (fr) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Amelioration du rendement thermique par l'emploi de revetements en silane et articles comportant un tel revetement
MXPA01011348A MXPA01011348A (es) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Metodo para mejorar la eficiencia de la transferencia del calor utilizando recubrimientos de silano y articulos recubiertos producidos por el mismo.
NZ515377A NZ515377A (en) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Method for improving heat efficiency using silane coatings and coated articles produced thereby
EP01925085A EP1257367A4 (fr) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Amelioration du rendement thermique par l'emploi de revetements en silane et articles comportant un tel revetement
AU51680/01A AU774200B2 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Method for improving heat efficiency using silane coatings and coated articles produced thereby
IL146385A IL146385A (en) 2000-02-08 2001-02-08 Method for improving heat efficiency using silane coatings and coated articles produced thereby
NO20015459A NO20015459D0 (no) 2000-02-08 2001-11-08 Fremgangsmåte for forbedring av varmeoverföring ved bruk av silanbelegg og belagte gjenstander fremstilt derav

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MXPA01011348A (es) 2003-07-14
US20020102417A1 (en) 2002-08-01
NO20015459D0 (no) 2001-11-08
WO2001058972A3 (fr) 2002-07-04
CN1430537A (zh) 2003-07-16
IL146385A (en) 2007-03-08
AU774200B2 (en) 2004-06-17
US20010030038A1 (en) 2001-10-18
AU5168001A (en) 2001-08-20
CA2373609A1 (fr) 2001-08-16
YU80201A (sh) 2003-08-29
US6451382B2 (en) 2002-09-17
EP1257367A4 (fr) 2005-01-26
EP1257367A2 (fr) 2002-11-20
IL146385A0 (en) 2002-07-25

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