WO2001054866A1 - Griff für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen griffen zusammengestellte griff- und werkzeugsätze - Google Patents
Griff für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen griffen zusammengestellte griff- und werkzeugsätze Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001054866A1 WO2001054866A1 PCT/DE2001/000304 DE0100304W WO0154866A1 WO 2001054866 A1 WO2001054866 A1 WO 2001054866A1 DE 0100304 W DE0100304 W DE 0100304W WO 0154866 A1 WO0154866 A1 WO 0154866A1
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- handle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
- B25G1/00—Handle constructions
- B25G1/10—Handle constructions characterised by material or shape
- B25G1/102—Handle constructions characterised by material or shape the shape being specially adapted to facilitate handling or improve grip
Definitions
- the invention relates to handles for hand and garden tools according to the preamble of claim 1 and handle and tool sets composed with such handles.
- handles for hand and garden tools are understood to mean, above all, handles that require a preferred coupling position of the hand during use, i.e. the handles of which are preferably grasped and gripped by the users in a very specific hand position which is dependent on the handling of the tool during use, this hand position changing little during use.
- handles that are centered in the hand cavity approximately in the middle of their longitudinal extension during use.
- Such handles have so far been customary on the market, taking into account the intended use of the respective tool, e.g. a hand saw or file, manufactured in pre-selected groups and shapes and designed differently by the different manufacturers, often following given standards.
- a radius of curvature of 220 mm is also proposed for pliers-like handles. These radii are considerably too large and do not result in an optimal position of the handles in the hand. Even with the handles belonging to the state of the art and known on the market, no further development of the knowledge that can be gathered from the literature can be seen. Handles for hammers, for example, do not fill the hand cavity, but are sometimes even concave in the area of the hand, so that the setbacks when hammering are distributed over limited, small hand zones. Saw handles are convex on the top in the longitudinal direction, but the radii of curvature are too large and any finger recesses are not designed to be hand-friendly.
- Handles of the type described in the introduction are explained in detail in earlier applications by the same applicant (PCT / DE 00/00209 from January 25, 2000 and DE 199 02 882.6 from January 25, 1999).
- Such handles should automatically establish a preferred coupling position of the hand when using the respective tool and, moreover, should enable the handles to be largely standardized according to different handle sizes and / or handle shapes.
- Essential elements of such handles are middle parts, the upper and side sections of which are shaped such that when the handles are used they center in the hand cavity and hug the inner surface of the hand over the entire surface.
- these older proposals do not provide any more precise information about which dimensions of the handles have to be influenced in order to achieve the desired effect.
- the same applies to other known handles (PCT-WO 98/29167) which have certain curvatures for insertion into the hand cavity and which are particularly suitable for the support surface Mark thumbs and trough-like images for the remaining four fingers.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of further improving the handles of the type described at the outset and of specifying those dimensions of such handles which best lead to a preferred coupling position of the hand and are suitable for extensive standardization.
- the handles should neither be individually adapted to individual hands nor designed for a hand considered to be an "average hand", but rather measurement data obtained by hand measurements should be sorted and classified and groups of hand sizes can be formed therefrom.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically in a perspective view and a plan view, a section of an oval handle known from the prior art to explain the terms used in the following description;
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the inner surface of a right hand to show the parts of the hand important for the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the hand along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a side view of a handle according to the invention for a hand tool in the form of a hammer
- Fig. 6 is a plan view of the handle of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 to 10 cross sections through the handle along the lines AA, BB, CC and DD of Figures 5 and 6;
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic side view of the handle according to FIGS. 5 to 10 in connection with a hammer and a hand which surrounds the handle and is in a preferred coupling position;
- FIGS. 5 to 10 are views corresponding to FIGS. 5 to 10 of a handle according to the invention for a hand tool in the form of a trowel;
- FIGS. 19 to 24 are views corresponding to FIGS. 19 to 24 of a second embodiment of a handle according to the invention for a trowel;
- FIGS. 31 and 32 each show a schematic side view of the handles according to FIGS. 19 to 24 or FIGS. 25 to 30 with a hand which surrounds the handle and is each in a preferred coupling position;
- FIG. 33 shows a schematic side view of a handle according to the invention for a hand tool in the form of a saw
- Fig. 34 is a front view of the handle of Fig. 33 (from the right in Fig. 33);
- FIG. 38 and 39 schematically show a side view of the handle according to FIG. 33 in connection with a hand enclosing it, which is still partially open in FIG. 38 and arranged in a preferred coupling position in FIG. 39;
- 40 to 43 are schematic longitudinal sections through a handle according to the invention, particularly suitable for a mason trowel, along four different sectional planes, each rotated by 45 °;
- FIG. 46 shows a perspective grid representation of a handle essentially corresponding to FIGS. 40 to 45;
- FIG. 47 shows a side view of the handle according to FIG. 46 corresponding to FIG. 5 in a grid representation
- FIG. 48 to 50 each show a top view, a further side view and a bottom view of the handle according to FIG. 47, these views — starting from FIG. 47 — being obtained by rotating the handle about its longitudinal axis through 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° become;
- 51 shows a side view of a handle according to the invention for a hand tool in the form of pliers
- Fig. 52 is a top view of the handle of Fig. 51;
- Fig. 53 to 55 sections along the lines A-A to C-C of Fig. 51;
- FIG. 56 schematically shows the handle according to FIG. 51 in connection with a hand which is in the half-open position
- FIG. 56 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 56 with the hand in a preferred coupling position
- FIG. 58 is a view corresponding essentially to FIG. 13 of the handle according to FIG. 51 with a hand enclosing it, in a preferred coupling position;
- FIGS. 51 to 55 are views corresponding to FIGS. 51 to 55 of a second embodiment of a handle according to the invention for a pair of pliers;
- FIGS. 51 and 52 are views corresponding to FIGS. 51 and 52 of a third embodiment of a handle according to the invention for a pair of pliers;
- 70 shows cross sections through the handle along the lines A to L of FIG. 66;
- FIG. 74 shows a perspective dot matrix representation of the handle according to FIG. 71;
- FIGS. 66 to 74 of a handle according to the invention particularly suitable for a saw
- 93a and 93b are a table with dimensions for a preferred exemplary embodiment of the handle according to FIGS. 14 to 18;
- 94a and 94b are a table with dimensions for a preferred embodiment of the handle according to FIGS. 19 to 24;
- 95a and 95b are a table with dimensions for a preferred exemplary embodiment of the 34 to 37;
- 96a, 96b and 96c are a table with dimensions for a preferred embodiment of the handle according to FIGS. 51 to 55.
- FIG. 1 and 2 schematically show, in an enlarged view, part of a conventional handle 1, which is essentially continuous in the longitudinal direction and which is located, for example, at the end of a hammer handle.
- An axis predetermined by the largest diameter in cross section is the x-axis
- an axis predetermined by the smallest diameter is the y-axis
- a central axis or longitudinal axis perpendicular to both is the z-axis.
- the height of the handle 1 in the direction of the x axis dimension H
- the thickness of the handle 1 in the direction of the y axis dimension D
- the length of the handle 1 in the z direction dimension L
- the handle 1 by two imaginary, dashed lines, for example parallel to the zy-plane interfaces 5, 6 in a first outer handle section 7, a second outer handle from section 8 and a third, lying between these or inner Handle section 9 is divided, these three sections lying side by side in the direction of the x-axis.
- the first grip section 7 has a first outer surface 10, which includes a first zone with small radii of curvature
- the second grip section 8 has a diametrically opposed second, outer surface 11, which includes a second zone with small radii of curvature.
- the third section 9 has two diametrically opposite, third and fourth outer surfaces 12 and 13 with large radii of curvature, these surfaces 12 and 13 each approximately up to the intersection lines indicated by points 14, 15 and 16, 17 with the associated interfaces 5 6 or 6 and continuously continue the contours formed by the surfaces 10 and 11, so that the entire outer surface contour here is cross-sectionally elliptical or oval. It is further assumed that the right-handers have the grip section 7 assigned to the hand cavity and that the various surfaces 10 to 13 come to rest on the assigned hand and finger areas. Finally, it can be thought that that the handle 1 is, for example, in one piece and solid and, for example, suitable for a hammer, a trowel or the like.
- the height of the handle section 9 can go to zero. If, on the other hand, there are pliers which, as usual, have two pivotable handle legs, it can be assumed for the purposes of the invention that one handle leg essentially through section 7 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the other handle leg essentially through the handle leg 8 is realized, while the inner section 9 is missing here. In this case, the sections 7 and 8 viewed in the direction of the x-axis, a distance from one another depending on the type of tool.
- the height, thickness and length of such two-part handles in the x, y and z directions are specified analogously to FIGS. 1 and 2 by the dimensions H, D and L or are determined from distance vectors explained below.
- the interfaces that subdivide the individual sections are at least partially indicated by dashed lines, but are not mentioned further.
- the hand 19 contains a thumb 20 with a proximal thumb member 21 facing the hand 19 and a distal thumb member 22 removed from the hand 19, as well as the usual four further fingers, each with a proximal, middle and distal phalange 23, 24 and 25. Furthermore, the hand 19 has between the thumb 20 and the index finger a thumb saddle 26, a finger root edge 27, a thumb ball 28, a wrist root ball 29 and a hand edge 30 with a hand edge ball 31.
- the part where the fingers start is referred to as a finger root ball 32, and the part delimited by the balls 28, 29, 31 and 32 and the thumb saddle 26 is referred to as the palm of the hand or briefly as the palm 33, which in the preferred coupling position of interest here deforms into a characteristic hand cavity around a center point 34.
- the hand width is measured according to FIG. 3 with the hand 19 stretched between the hand edge 30 and the diametrically opposite finger root edge 27 in the region of the thumb saddle 26. This dimension is measured transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hand 19, as indicated by a line B in FIG. 19.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic section through the palm 33 along the line IV-IV 3 with a schematically arranged handle 1 according to FIG. 1. From this it can be seen that the usual oval handles 1 cannot meet the ergonomic requirements if they are only in the area of the palm 33 on narrow areas of the thumb saddle 26 or The ball of the thumb 28 and the ball of the edge of the hand 31 come to rest, but span the palm 33 freely between them.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show an inventive, e.g. suitable for a hammer handle 38, which is largely adapted to the hand 19 of FIGS. 3 and 4 and is preferably made in one piece.
- the handle 38 contains a longitudinal axis 39, which here substantially coincides with the central axis of the handle 38, and cut surfaces in the direction perpendicular thereto, which are essentially egg-shaped, elliptical or oval (FIGS. 7 to 10).
- the longitudinal axis 39 may e.g. B. extend through the center points of circular end faces formed at the ends of the handle 38, be arranged coaxially to the central axis of a mounting receptacle opening intended for receiving a tool shank and provided at one end of the handle or are otherwise fixed in a central handle area. It forms the z-axis of an imaginary Cartesian coordinate system in accordance with the definitions explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In section planes arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 39 (e.g. FIGS.
- the axes laid through the largest diameter run parallel to the x-axis and the axes laid through the smallest diameter parallel to the y-axis of the imaginary coordinate system, which also gives the dimensions H and D.
- the dimensions measured in the z-axis direction are referred to here as the distances between preselected cross-sectional planes from one another.
- the dimensions H and D of the handle 38 have different values along the longitudinal axis 39.
- the handle 38 is conceptually divided into three sections 42 to 44 by two planes 40 and 41, indicated by dashed lines, which lie on each side of the yz plane and are arranged parallel thereto.
- Sections 42 and 43 correspond to sections 7 and 8 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and are referred to according to their position above and below the yz plane as upper section 42 and lower section 43, respectively, during section 9 according to FIG. 1 and 2 corresponding section 44 is referred to as the inner section.
- the handle 38 is furthermore both at its distal end, which is coupled to a functional part of the associated tool and is on the left in FIGS.
- a plane 45 or 46 arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 39 (FIG 5) limited so that the distance between the planes 45, 46 indicates its total length.
- Between these planes 45, 46 each extends a distal end piece 48 bordering on plane 45 and extending up to a cross-sectional plane 47, an adjoining distal part 50 extending up to a cross-sectional plane 49, an adjoining one and up to a cross-sectional plane 51
- the middle part 52 extends, a subsequent proximal part 54 extending up to a cross-sectional plane 53 and finally a proximal end piece 55 bordering on the plane 46. It is clear that all these parts pass through the planes 40, 41 (FIG. 8). are thought to be divided into upper, lower and inner or middle sections, respectively, which add up to sections 42 to 44. Otherwise, the handle 38 is preferably solid, although it could also be hollow on the inside.
- the surfaces of the upper, lower and inner sections 42 to 44 have the contours shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and the cross-sectional shapes shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the surfaces of the different parts or sections each being essentially flush with one another pass.
- the cross section of the handle 38 has the egg shape shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.
- the middle part 52 is each provided with a surface contour which is more or less convex at least on part of the circumference of the upper section 42, while the distal part 50 and the proximal part 54 are essentially concave, also have a surface contour extending over at least part of the circumference of the upper portion 42.
- the surface contours are convex or concave all around, as shown in particular by a comparison of FIGS. 5 and 6 on the one hand and FIGS. 7 to 10 on the other.
- the cross sections of FIGS. 7 to 10 show that in the central part 52 both the height H and the thickness D of the handle 1 are greater than in the distal or proximal parts 50 and 54, so that the top view according to FIG. 6 shows a surface contour running in the longitudinal direction concave-convex-concave.
- a concave-convex-concave line 56 in FIG. 6 would be a generatrix, for example the surface of rotation of this body.
- the distal end piece 48 is designed analogously to conventional anti-slip collars and is less important for the purposes of the invention. It can also be entirely absent, while the proximal end piece 55 has a more or less pronounced dome shape and is also less important for the purposes of the invention.
- the middle part 52 in the upper section 42 is designed according to the invention such that when the handle 38 is used it clings to the inner surface 33 of the hand 19 (FIG. 3) of the user and enters its hand cavity. Therefore, the middle part 52 in the upper section 42 is provided with a deliberately radially outward curvature 57 (FIG. 8), which is pronounced in at least two mutually perpendicular directions, extends at least over part of the circumference of the upper part 42 and thereby the convex surface contour created. When viewed from the distal side, the curvature of a handle 38 for right-handers is on the left side of the xz plane.
- the distal part 50 in the upper section 42 serves the purpose of being gripped by the hand saddle between the thumb 20 and the index finger (FIG. 3). This area is therefore, according to FIG. 5, with a concave, likewise over at least part of the
- the circumference of the upper part 42 is provided with a surface contour.
- the proximal part 54 in the upper section 42 is used for contacting the palm root ball 29 (FIG. 3). 5 and 6 is concave at least on part of the circumference of the upper part 42.
- the surface contour of the lower part is preferably shaped in such a way as is required by the gripping of the finger limbs taking place there and the trapezoidal inner contour of the gripping fingers present in a preferred coupling position of the hand.
- the surfaces of the inner section 44 corresponding to the surfaces 12 and 13 in FIG. 2 serve, as can be seen from FIGS. 7 to 10, to connect the sections 42 and 43. They can be concave or convex in the longitudinal direction (z-axis) Have surface contours that open flush into the contours of the surfaces of sections 42 and 43.
- the concave and convex surface contours can be determined by radii of curvature Rl. Determine l to R3.4 (Fig. 5 and 6). Of particular importance for the purposes of the present invention are those radii of curvature which are in the upper section of the middle part 52 at a maximum or apex 59 of the convex surface contour (section plane BB in FIG. 5) and in the upper sections of the distal and proximal Part 50, 54 with a minimum of 60 or 61 of the concave surface contour (cutting planes AA and CC in Fig. 5). As a comparison of FIGS. 5 and 6 shows, the cross-sectional planes which extend through these maxima 59 and minima 60, 61 may have a different axial position in the upper section 42 than in the lower section 43 (example maximum 62 in FIG 5).
- the radii of curvature R2.1 to R2.4 which are particularly important for the purposes of the invention, which in FIG. 8, where they are not shown, would be at the top, left, bottom or right in the coordinate system shown there with a left turn of 90 °, 5 and 6 each define approximately circular arc sections which lie in the xz plane (FIG. 6). These circular arc sections can run on both sides of the maxima (e.g. 59), viewed in the direction of the z-axis, over a longer distance with a substantially constant radius of curvature (e.g. R 2.1) before this gradually decreases and the surface contours of the middle part 52 finally in Pass inflection points into the concave surface contours of parts 50, 54.
- maxima e.g. 59
- R 2.1 substantially constant radius of curvature
- the egg-shaped cross-sectional areas of FIGS. 7 to 10 can be determined by radii RA.10 to Determine RC.14.
- those curvature radii RA.10, RB.10 and RC.10 which are located in the area of the sectional planes AA to CC and in the maximum 59 or in the minima 60, 61 in each case are of particular importance result in the upper sections.
- the radii RA.10 to RA.13, RB.10 to RB.13 etc. each lie in planes parallel to the xy plane and in the imaginary coordinate system in left-handed rotation and at angular intervals of 90 ° each.
- the radii mentioned thus define circular arc sections lying in these planes.
- the circular arc sections belonging to the radii RA.10 to RC.13 can also be viewed on both sides of the maxima or minima (eg 59 in FIG. 8), in the planes parallel to the xy plane longer arc sections run with essentially constant radii of curvature.
- the transition areas between the areas marked by these radii are each defined by analogous radii, which may differ from the radii RN.10 to RC.13 depending on the expediency. Similar considerations can be made in any number of further cross-sectional planes along the longitudinal axis 39.
- the distances L0.1, LI shown in FIG. 5 and explained in more detail below are in particular for the handle 38. l, LII.l and LIII. l important.
- the reference plane for these dimensions here is the sectional plane BB, which on the one hand passes through the upper maximum 59 lying in the xz plane, and on the other hand runs parallel to the xy plane, ie the maximum 59 present on the upper side of the upper section 42 defines the position the reference level 63 clearly.
- Their distance from corresponding levels running through the minima 60, 61 are the dimensions LI. 1 and LII.l, while LIII.l is the distance of the reference plane 63 from the proximal end of the proximal part 54 (plane 53) of the handle 38.
- Corresponding dimensions LI.2 to LI.4, LII.2 to LII.4 and LIII.2 to LIII.4 can be used to indicate the distances of the reference plane 63 from other minima, e.g. B. are assigned to the radii R1.2 to R1.4 and R3.1 to R3.4 in FIGS. 5 and 6 (cf. for example LI.4 and LII.4 in FIG. 6).
- there is a measure LIV.2 z. B. the distance of the maximum 62 from the reference plane, which distance can also be zero, namely when the maximum 62 is also in the reference plane 63.
- the lengths of the distal and proximal parts 50, 54 and the middle part 52 cannot be precisely defined, since this definition is arbitrary.
- a length LO.1 of the middle part 52 in the upper section 42 is determined by the turning points at which the convex curve section lying in the xz plane and containing the maximum 59 in the adjacent concave, also in the xz- Flat curve sections containing the minima 60, 61 merges, while the distal and proximal parts 50, 54 extend from there to the respective end pieces 48, 55.
- the position of the turning points is determined in FIG. 1 by the position of the cross-sectional planes 49 and 51, so that the size LO.1 of the central part 52 of the first section 42 is equal to the distance between the planes 49, 51.
- the same or a different distance can be used for the length dimensioning of the central part of the lower section 43.
- Fig. 7 sizes AI A to A4A (again left-turning in the xy coordinate system). These quantities are referred to below as distance vectors, since they represent the distances of the minima or z. B. 60) from the longitudinal axis 39, which distances may be the same or different among themselves.
- the sum of the dimensions A1A and A3A gives the height H, the sum of the dimensions A2A and A4A the thickness D of the handle 38 in the sense of the definition of FIG. 2 in cross-section A-A.
- Corresponding distance vectors A1B to A4B and A1C to A4C are obtained for the cutting planes BB and CC, the distance vectors A1B and A2B being the most important, since they determine the shape of the handle 38 in the area that starts from and from the palm 33 Fingers is gripped and the curvature 57.
- Letters A to C etc. again indicate the respective sectional planes according to FIGS. 7 to 9.
- longitudinal sections in particular are considered in the space sector of the upper section 42 which contains the jacket section with the curvature 57 (FIG. 8) and, starting from the yz plane, extends over an angular range of approximately 90 ° to 135 °.
- a handle optimally designed for a left-hander would have a shape which, in comparison to the handle 38 described, runs in mirror image to the xz plane. For right and left-handers, the handle would be symmetrical to the xz plane. In this form, it does not offer as good an arrangement for the fingers as the asymmetrically designed handle 38. However, the form for right-handers already offers a better arrangement in the hand for left-handers than the handles known from the market. If a handle is to be provided for right-handed or left-handed people, it may also be expedient to provide asymmetries, in particular in the area of the distance vectors A2A, A4A, A2B, A4B etc.
- the handle 38 described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10 is centered approximately in the middle of its longitudinal extent in the hand cavity.
- the palm root ball or the hand edge ball lies on the upper sections of the distal / proximal parts.
- Handles of this type are particularly suitable for light hammers, small trowels and similar hand and garden tools.
- an imaginary longitudinal axis of the hand takes a very steep, often almost right angle to the longitudinal axis 39 of the respective handle 38. All of these handles are also in one piece.
- 11 to 13 indicate how the handle 38 is first gripped by the human hand 19 when using a hammer 64, for example, from the side of the upper section 42 and then gripped.
- 11 to 13 show the position suitable for right-handers, and FIG. 11 shows the preferred coupling position of the hand for the hammer 42 when in use.
- a dashed line 65 makes it clear where, for example, the convex curvature 57 shown in FIG. 8 comes to rest in the hand 19.
- 12 and 13 schematically show two hand positions in the smt from distal in a position rotated by 180 ° about the z-axis compared to FIG. 8 and the trapezoidal shape of the phalanxes 23, 24 and 25 shown in FIG Index finger in connection with the position of the thumb 20.
- the handle shape according to the invention is designed in such a way that it provides the most complete possible support with a very even pressure distribution and the handle everywhere is "full" on the relevant hand areas.
- the hand gripping the handle should find a predetermined coupling position practically by itself, which the user perceives as pleasant and cheap and is referred to here as the "preferred coupling position".
- the handles are not individually adapted to a single hand, nor are they designed for an "average hand”, but rather are measured on the basis of "groups of hand sizes", which result from measurement data obtained from hand measurements and their sensible sorting and classification.
- these dimensions and shapes of the handles are coordinated with one another such that the resulting handle shape and size automatically specifies a preferred coupling position of the hand for the entire assigned group of hands and the handle is used by the users of this group when using the respective tool, Even when greater forces are applied or when used continuously, the even pressure distribution feels comfortable in the hand. This should apply in particular to professional use by craftsmen and ensure that there is little or no fatigue and pain in the hand or arm. This is u. a. a consequence of this, as FIG. 4 shows, that the dimensions LO shown there and explained above with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. l, LI.l, LII. 1 and LIII. l and the associated dimensions lying in other cutting planes are dimensioned essentially according to the shape of the hand.
- the dimension LO.1 is essentially determined by turning points at which the concave hand cavity merges into the convex curvatures of the thumb saddle 26 on one side and the hand edge ball 31 on the other side.
- the dimension LI.1 is determined by the distance from the middle of the hand cavity to the highest area of the thumb saddle 26, the dimension LII.l by the distance from the center of the hand cavity to the highest area of the hand edge ball 31.
- the dimension LIII.l of the handle is by the distance determined from the center of the hand cavity to the edge 30 of the hand, which must be supported in the proximal part in FIGS. 5 to 10.
- Fig. 12 shows a highly abstracted section through the handle 38 and the enclosing it de Hand 19 of a right-hander.
- the contact areas of the palm 33 and the fingers on the circumference of the handle 38 are shown as sectors in an anti-clockwise, ie anti-clockwise rotating angle coordinate system.
- the angular coordinate plane 0 ° -180 ° corresponds to the xz plane and the angular plane 90 ° to 270 ° corresponds to the yz plane of the Cartesian coordinate system according to FIGS. 5 and 6, while through the point Z the longitudinal axis 39 or z axis of the Handle 38 according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the hand edge ball 31 lies laterally against the proximal part 54 of the handle 38.
- the inside of the thumb ball 28 lies approximately along an angular range of 315 ° to 0 °, as indicated schematically in FIG. 12 by a segment 67 which indicates the contact surface and is shown in an exaggerated size.
- the hand edge ball 31 lies laterally against the proximal part 54 of the handle 38.
- the inside of the thumb ball 28 lies approximately along an angular range of 315 ° to 0 °, as indicated
- the ring finger and little finger lie approximately in the angular range from 135 ° to slightly more than 270 ° (segment 69) on the handle 38.
- the angular ranges would run in the opposite direction.
- Fig. 13 shows that the handle 38 with its lower portion 43, which has a comparatively small radius of curvature (e.g. RB.12, in Fig. 8), rests on the inside of the fingers, which in the encompassing position with their Form an approximately trapezoidal inner line. Furthermore, it can be seen that the thumb 20 rests below its central joint on one side of the handle 38, the index finger with its inside beneath the first joint on the other side of the handle 38. Both fingers exert lateral pressure on the handle in the contact areas, guiding it.
- the drain contact areas are shown in FIG. 13 as hatched segments 70, 71.
- the thumb saddle 26 exerts little pressure on the handle 38 and only lies against it with its thin tissue skin 72, so that no tension occurs in the saddle tissue, but this area of the hand still has a good contact with the handle 38.
- a dashed line 73 in FIG. 13 indicates a part of the handle 38 that is not visible in the region of the greatest height and thickness (curvature 57 in FIG. 8).
- Testing the compressive strength of the palm reveals that there is a "soft" area in the border area between the ball of the thumb 28 and the palm 33. With a uniform specific pressure, this area yields more than the palm 33 itself. For this reason, the bulge 57 (FIG. 8) is greatest here with an ergonomically correctly designed handle, so that the uniform loading of the entire palm area is achieved.
- the invention of the handle shapes and sizes is based on the knowledge that in particular the dimensions LO.l, LI.l, LII for the suitable “seat” or for the calibration of the preferred coupling position. l and possibly LIII. 5 and the analog dimensions in the other longitudinal section planes are important, in particular in the contact area of the thumb ball 28 and hand cavity in the angle coordinate system according to FIG. 12 of approximately 315 ° to 135 °. Above all, the clear bulge 57 in the central part 52 of the upper section 42 of the handle 38 is used to take these findings into account in at least two mutually perpendicular planes, in relation to FIG. 12 in the angular range between 0 ° and 90 °.
- the course of the curved surfaces of this curvature 57 is also important, both in the longitudinal and in the circumferential direction, as is approximately determined by the radii RB.10 and RB.ll (FIG. 8).
- the lengths of the respective distance vectors, starting from point Z of the respective cross section, are significant.
- B. are determined in Fig. 8 by the sizes AlB and A2B.
- the radius in the lower section 43 of the handle 38, against which the fingers rest, is also important for a tight grip.
- the fingers which are bent in the joints, form a trapezoidal contour on the inside.
- the radius or the arc of the handle cross-section in this area must be dimensioned such that it touches the trapezoidal contour over the largest possible distance and thus the contact pressure is distributed over the largest possible area of the fingers. This requirement should also apply if the position of the finger limbs changes somewhat, for example due to a change in the hand position or in hands with different long fingers.
- dimension LII.1 according to FIG. 5 should be approximately 33% to 37% of the mean hand width B and LIII.1l should be approximately 50% to 55% of the mean hand width B. , which results in a value for LIII. l of approximately 47 mm to 60 mm for the hand sizes "S" to "L.” Weighting the hand widths found in the cited investigation results in the length LO.l with approximately 43 mm for small hands (S), approx. 46 mm for medium hands (M) and approx. 48 m for large hands (L). The remaining dimensions were based on these core dimensions e
- the handles were empirically determined using models and group tests, taking into account the desire for standardization. Different finger lengths, such as those shown with hands of the same width, were therefore not taken into account when designing and dimensioning the handles.
- the size of the handles to the various hand sizes is essentially within the dimensions LI and LII, while the overall length of the handles is maintained.
- the distal and proximal end pieces 48, 55 are adapted, starting from the cross sections resulting in the end points of the handle 38, to the handle ends in a continuous course.
- handles with the features and dimensions explained above are suitable for different tools.
- only comparatively minor changes to the basic shapes are required, so that at least the middle parts 52 of the upper sections 42 have great similarities in shape and size.
- Different designs are mainly useful in the area of the distal end pieces 48 of the handles 38, depending on the use with different tools, partly also the proximal end pieces 55.
- the parts 50, 52 and 54 in the upper section 42 are considered to be significant (as well as the adjacent sides of the Section 44, which, however, can be regarded as missing here by assigning sections 42, 43 to the entire part of the handle 38 lying above or below the yz plane). Therefore, the shapes and dimensions are adapted in such a way that an almost automatic finding of the preferred coupling position can be achieved practically solely by the upper section 42 for all hands of the respective group of hands.
- the lower section 43 is curved and dimensioned such that the finger limbs in this preferred coupling position also rest almost independently on the handle 38 in an ergonomically favorable manner.
- the surfaces of the inner section 44 (FIG. 8) of the handle 38 are also slightly convexly curved outwards in the exemplary embodiment (FIGS. 7 to 10) in order to offer the hand a good contact surface in this area as well.
- selected dimensions of the handle can be used 38 based on experience and investigations continue to be determined as it is considered appropriate for a coupling position especially when handling a hammer.
- the minima 60, 61 are determined as those points which are the greatest distance from a chord drawn through the end points of the parts 50 and 54, respectively.
- a continuously concave course of the parts 50 and 54 and the corresponding parts in the other handle sections has the essential advantage that the handle 38 comes to lie almost positively in the hand and therefore its inclination is reduced in use in the direction of the longitudinal axis 39 to slip.
- radii of curvature in particular the radius R2.1 (FIG. 5), which is between 50 mm and 120 mm, depending on the hand size.
- R2.1 the radius of curvature
- the convex curvature 57 in a first direction is determined by this dimension.
- the overall thickness D and the total height H of the handle 38 are of course also important in this context, the distance vectors A1A to A4A, AlB to A4B etc. in x or. y direction can be the same or different, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
- a weighting can preferably be carried out in such a way that, for the production of the preferred coupling position after the dimensions specified above have also been determined.
- the various dimensions of the distal part 50 are determined, while the dimensions of the proximal part 54 and possibly the proximal end piece 55 are given the least importance.
- the end pieces 48 and / or 55 are expediently designed in a bead shape by their cross sections being larger than in the area of the cuts AA and CC in FIGS. 7 and 9, respectively.
- the handle 38 can finally be provided with a contact surface 74 for the thumb 20.
- This contact surface 74 expediently lies on the upper side of the distal end piece 48 and an adjoining region of the distal part 50 and, as shown in particular in FIG. 10, can consist of a plane or flattening running parallel to the yz axis.
- FIGS. 14 to 18 Another preferred exemplary embodiment for a handle 78 is shown in FIGS. 14 to 18.
- This handle 78 differs from the handle 38 essentially only by a support surface 80 formed in the surface of a central part 79. As shown in particular in FIG. 17 in cross section, this is formed on the side of the xz plane facing away from a curvature 81, whereby the curvature 81 corresponds to the curvature 57 according to FIG. 8.
- 14 and 15 can also extend in the direction of a longitudinal axis 82 of the handle 78 over a larger or even the entire area of the central part 79.
- the support surface 80 is, in a manner analogous to a support surface 83 for the thumb, essentially flat or slightly concave or in the manner of a groove or depression extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis 82 and is present in addition to or instead of the support surface 83.
- the contact surface 80 is preferably used to place the hand edge ball 31 in order to obtain an even better adaptation to the hand or an even more convenient coupling position.
- the most important dimensions according to the invention for a preferred embodiment of the handle 78 are given in the table according to FIGS. 93a and 93b.
- the dimensions contained therein indicate the dimensions in two columns, each for one
- a handle 86 for a functional part, not shown, in the form of a trowel corresponds to essentially the handle 38 according to FIGS. 5 to 10, wherein, as in FIGS. 6 and 10, there is a contact surface 87 for the thumb.
- a distal end of the handle lies in a plane 89 running perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 88 of the handle 86, at which a distal end piece 90 ends.
- this end piece 90 is followed by a distal part 91, a middle part 92, a proximal part 93 and a proximal end piece 94.
- the dimensions for the different dimensions are chosen so that the handle 86 for z. B. for heavy hammers, batten hammers, mittens and hatchets and in an analog two-part form for garden and pruning shears can be used.
- the dimensions relevant for a preferred exemplary embodiment of the handle 86 result from the table according to FIGS. 94a and 94b.
- the handle design is essentially identical to that according to FIGS. 5 to 10.
- 25 to 30 show a second exemplary embodiment of the handle 86 according to FIGS. 19 to 24, which is why the same reference numerals are used for the same parts.
- a second, lateral contact surface 101 is provided for the thumb 20. This is analogous to the contact surface 87 in the distal part 91 of the handle 86 and preferably extends into the distal end piece 90.
- the bearing surface 101 is formed on the side of the xz planes facing away from a curvature 102, the curvature 102 corresponding to the curvature 57 according to FIG. 8.
- the support surfaces 87 and 101 can be essentially flat or slightly concave to adapt to the shape of the thumb, and the support surface 101 can, as shown in FIGS. 27 and 29, extend from an upper section 103 of the handle 86 to an adjacent inner or extend into the middle section 104, which can also be assumed to be completely missing. Otherwise, the handle design is essentially identical to that of FIGS. 19 to 24.
- Fig. 31 shows the handle 86 in connection with a trowel 105 as it is grasped in use by the hand 19 of a right-hander in a first preferred coupling position.
- the thumb 20 rests on the upper contact surface 87.
- 32 shows the handle 86 with the trowel 105 as it is held by a right-hander in a second preferred coupling position.
- the thumb 20 rests on the lateral support surface 101, which is not visible in FIG. 32.
- FIGS. 33 to 37 show a handle 106 for a hand tool with push-pull actuation, which is shown here as saw 107, but also, for. B. could be a planer, a chisel (wood chisel) or the like.
- the handle 106 of the saw 107 is fastened to a functional part 108 by means of screws or the like.
- the handle 106 is as e.g. generally applies to so-called foxtail saws, provided with a central opening 109.
- the handle 106 On the side of the handle 106 facing away from the functional part 108 or the opening 109, in the sense of the explanations relating to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 to 32, the handle 106 has an upper section 110 (right in FIG. 36) with contact surfaces for the palm of the hand. side, while a lower portion 111 of the handle facing the opening 109
- FIG. 17 A handle for a bow saw or the like could be designed accordingly.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 A comparison of FIGS. 5 to 9 with FIGS. 33 to 37 shows that the surface contours of the sections 110, 111 and of the inner section 112 connecting them (FIG. 36) are largely the same as those of the sections 42 to 44.
- the handles 38, 78 and 86 like the handle 106, each have a distal end piece 114, a distal part 115, a middle part 116, a proximal part 117 and a proximal end piece 118, which extend in the direction of a longitudinal axis 119 (FIG. 34) are arranged one behind the other.
- the cross-sectional plane BB which is defined by a saddle point or a maximum 120 of the surface contour of the central part 116 in the upper section 110, again serves as the reference plane runs.
- the length of the convex middle part 116 is determined by the position of the turning points towards the concave neighboring parts 115, 117 or by cross-sectional planes 121, 122, which run through these turning points, and is about 50% of the hand width B (FIG. 3) of the average user of the assigned group.
- the position of concave minima 123, 124 of the distal or proximal part 115, 117 is indicated by LI. l and lii. 1 given, these dimensions have the same dimensions as in FIGS. 5 to 10.
- handles 38, 78 and 86 the various dimensions being given in the table according to FIGS. 95a, 95b.
- FIGS. 38 and 39 it is indicated in FIGS. 38 and 39 how the handle 106 is first gripped by the human hand 19 when the saw 107 is used and then gripped. 38, 39 shows the position suitable for right-handed people, which at the same time indicates the preferred coupling position of the hand for the saw 107 in use.
- the handles 38, 78, 86 and 106 described so far have been explained in more detail on the basis of side views or plan views and some cross sections perpendicular to their longitudinal axis (for example FIGS. 27 to 30).
- the side and top views each show an outer contour here in the form of a concave-convex-concave curve 127, 128 (FIG. 25) or 129, 130 (FIG. 26), which also result would be shown in FIG. 25 instead of the side view of a longitudinal section containing the z-axis and lying in the xz plane and in FIG. 26 a corresponding longitudinal section lying in the yz plane.
- Each of these curves 127 to 130 thus represents a (generally different) generatrix of the outer surface of the handle body, which would be a rotating body with the z-axis as the axis of rotation if all of the curves 127 to 130 were identical.
- the cross sections z. 27 to 30 are substantially egg-shaped or oval or elliptical except for approximately existing contact surfaces 87, 99, the largest diameter according to FIGS. 1 and 2 being parallel to the x- Axis and the smallest diameter lies on a parallel to the y-axis. Therefore, the described maxima and minima (e.g. 97, 98, 100 in Fig. 25) lie in the xz plane with the result that curve 127 is a flat curve. The same applies to the curves 128 to 130, the curves 129, 130, however, lying in the yz plane. Finally, it was tacitly assumed in the description so far that the maxima (e.g. 100 in FIG.
- curve 127 presents itself as the geometrical location of all points on the lateral surface of the handle body, which have the greatest distances therefrom along the z-axis and therefore form a generatrix of the lateral surface, which is always one in the region of the curvature 102 has a convex course and according to the invention lies in the upper section 42 and 102, respectively.
- Characterization of the curvature 102 (Fig. 28).
- the curve containing the absolute maximum is a flat curve which lies in a plane parallel to the xz plane.
- the curve containing the absolute maximum is also possible to represent the curve containing the absolute maximum as the geometrical location of all points which have the greatest distance along the z-axis, so that this curve can also be a curved space curve which is only on lies on one side of the xz plane or has points lying on both sides of this plane. This is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 40 to 45.
- FIGS. 41 to 43 first show schematic longitudinal sections through a handle 131, the outer contour of which essentially corresponds to the previous description.
- Fig. 40 is a longitudinal section containing the z-axis in the xz plane, so that the contours z. B. in essentials correspond to those of FIG. 25.
- FIG. 41 shows a longitudinal section which also contains the z-axis, but which corresponds to a sectional plane running from 45 ° to 225 ° in the angle system indicated in FIG. 12.
- Fig. 42 shows a longitudinal section in the 90 ° -270 ° position according to Fig. 12, and finally Fig. 43 is a longitudinal section which, like the other longitudinal sections, contains the z-axis and in Fig. 12 from 135 ° to 315 ° runs.
- the three longitudinal sections of FIGS. 41 to 43 can also be thought of as being produced in that the handle 131, starting from the position according to FIG. 40, is gradually rotated through 45 ° and then cut parallel to the plane of
- Fig. 44 - starting from Fig. 40 - a total of 20 cross sections perpendicular to the z-axis are shown, so that in all sections the x-axis of the imaginary coordinate system points vertically upwards. If all the sectional images of FIG. 44 are threaded onto the z-axis in succession with the distances shown in FIG. 40, their circumferential lines 132 (see cross section A in FIG. 44a) result in a good approximation of the surface contour of the complete lateral surface of the Handle 131 when all circumferential lines 132 are connected to each other in the shortest way by cone-like surfaces. The more cross sections that are used, the more accurately the surface is reproduced.
- the absolute greatest length of all radius vectors shown in FIG. 44 within the The area assigned to the middle part has the radius vector 148 in the cross section K.
- the point 137 designated by it therefore has the greatest distance from the z axis within the middle part in the upper handle section and consequently corresponds to z. 25 shows that the points 133 to 143 connected by curves 155 and 156 are partly positive and partly negative y in the choice of the xyz coordinate system shown in FIG Values, while the x values are all positive and have their maximum in cross section L, so that they lie on a curved space curve.
- L.I 1 and LIII.l changes only slightly with an arrangement according to FIGS. 40 to 45. If the points with the greatest distances from the z-axis lie on a curve that lies in a plane including the z-axis, then the xyz coordinate system is simply rotated around the z-axis by such an angle until the xz-plane with the plane containing the plane curve. The new coordinate system obtained in this way is then used, like the coordinate system described so far, to define the various dimensions, and in particular a reference plane corresponding to the reference plane 63 (FIG. 5) and arranged perpendicular to the z-axis is passed through the point with the absolutely greatest distance from the z-axis. The only difference is therefore that the new xyz coordinate system has a different position in space compared to FIG. 5.
- the points 133 to 143 according to FIGS. 44 and 45 would lie in one plane, but would not contain the z axis, but z. B. to be arranged parallel to the xz plane, the coordinate system could be rotated in accordance with the above description until the point 136 lies with the absolute greatest distance from the z axis in the rotated xz plane.
- Using the above definitions for the sizes LO. l, LI. l, LII.l, LIII.l etc. would then result in slightly different values than if they were determined in the plane which contains all points 133 to 143. The same applies if points 133 to 143 do not lie on a flat curve, but, analogously to FIGS.
- FIG. 44a the cross-section K schematically indicates in which sectional planes the longitudinal cuts appear according to FIGS. 40 to 43.
- These longitudinal sections LI to L5 are also given in the table.
- 94a, 94b contains numbers in millimeters for a handle designed according to FIGS. 40 to 45 or 19 to 24, with column 1 of FIG. 94a showing the longitudinal cuts LI to L5 the longitudinal cuts 0 °, 90 ° , 180 °, 270 ° and 45 ° in section K of Fig. 44 correspond.
- Column 2 contains the three selected groups of
- z. B the dimension that means the combination L2 (column 1) and LII (column 7) with 41 mm (handle size "M") that this length LII is obtained in the longitudinal section plane L2 and in Fig. 5 the dimension LII. 2 corresponds, but in the associated sectional plane, while the value from LI and LII corresponds to the value LII.l shown in FIG. 5 in the xz plane. Therefore, from the table take all essential dimensions for the handle according to Fig. 40 to Fig. 45. Accordingly, z. B. the dimension R2 (penultimate column in Fig. 94a) in connection with L2 that it is the radius R2.2 of FIG. 5.
- Fig. 94b the corresponding dimensions for the radii RIO to R13 are given, with RIO in the column K z. B. corresponds to the RB.10 in Fig. 8, since it is at the maximum (see cross section K in Fig. 44a).
- the dimension A2 in the sectional plane K means the dimension A2B in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 46 to 50 show grid representations of a handle 157, in which the points with the greatest distance from the z-axis are analogous to FIGS. 40 to 44 on a curved space curve extending in the longitudinal direction of the handle 157, the distal and the proximal end is arranged on the right.
- the handle 157 is shown in perspective in FIG. 46
- FIG. 47 is a side view analogous to the illustrations according to FIGS. 5, 14 and 19 and shows a view of the right side of the handle 157 - viewed from the distal side.
- 48 is a top view
- FIG. 49 is a side view from the other side
- FIG. 50 is a bottom view of the handle, these views, starting from FIG. 47, in each case by rotating the handle 157 by 90 ° about a longitudinal axis 158 be preserved.
- the left side is again the side which is provided with a pronounced curvature 159 which extends in at least two directions.
- the handles described so far are each made in one piece, the first sections (e.g. 42) being connected in one piece to the second sections (e.g. 43) by adapted inner sections (e.g. 44) are.
- the invention is not limited to handles of this type, but analogously also applicable to two-part handles with handles that can be moved relative to one another, such as are present in pliers, scissors or the like.
- one of the two handle legs is referred to below as the first section and the other handle leg as the second section, in order to standardize the description.
- a handle leg or upper section 162 is formed here on its outer surface analogous to the first or upper section of the handles described so far (e.g. 42 of 38), while a handle leg or lower section 163 is designed analogously to the second surface or lower section of the handles described so far (z. B. 43 of 38) is formed.
- the two sections 162 and 163 are formed on both sides of a central plane (yz plane) running through a longitudinal axis 164.
- the lower side of the lower section 163 in FIG. 51 has the same shape like the upper side of the upper section 162, but arranged in mirror image to a middle plane (xy plane). For this reason, the underside of the sections 163 and 162, which are located below when in use, does not offer an optimal contact for the fingers. Since the top sides of both sections 162, 163, which are important for the invention, have the same shape, only the design of the upper section 162 according to the invention is explained in more detail below.
- the center plane is preferably placed such that it contains an axis of rotation, not shown, of a swivel joint connecting the two pliers legs, this axis of rotation running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 51 and therefore parallel to the y-axis in the sense of the definitions previously used.
- the upper section 162 is provided with a surface contour 165 and divided by imaginary planes 166, 167 into a distal part 168, a middle part 169 and a proximal part 170, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.
- the section 162 is shaped and dimensioned so that in the for combination pliers, the usual coupling position of the hand, the middle part 169 enters the hand cavity, the distal part 168 is gripped by the thumb saddle 26 and the proximal part 170 is used to place the palm root ball 29 and the hand edge ball 31.
- the central part 169 is provided in the longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction with a convex outward curvature 171 which is directed outwards, while the distal part 168 continues to taper from the central part 169 to an anti-slip collar 172 attached to the distal end.
- the outer contour of the distal part 168 is formed in a lateral region 174 such that it extends according to the side view according to FIG. 52 with a flat concave arc and with a small angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis 164, while it runs along the upper one shown in FIG. 51
- Surface 165 is also slightly concave, but with a comparatively large angle of inclination to longitudinal axis 164.
- the proximal member 170 runs on the upper surface (FIG. 51) at a comparatively large angle of inclination to the longitudinal axis 164, but essentially concave, while its surface in a lateral region 175 (FIG. 52) with a comparatively small angle of inclination Longitudinal axis 164 runs and is essentially concave down to the proximal end.
- the upper section 162 is expediently dome-shaped.
- the outer contour of the section 162 is dimensioned and shaped in the longitudinal and cross-section as well as both in the direction of the handle height H and in the direction of the handle thickness D such that the other section 163 is of sufficient design with identical design and without the formation of disruptive corners and Edges are adapted to the trapezoidal inner contour of the encompassing fingers that results in the preferred coupling position of the hand.
- the curvature 171 in section 162 is like a curvature 176 in
- Section 163 formed, which is effective after rotation of the pliers about the longitudinal axis 164 by 180 °.
- Areas 162a, 163a of the sections 162, 163 facing each other are not essential for the purposes of the invention and can therefore be shaped in a manner known per se with well rounded edges.
- the handle height H at the various points along the handle 160 (Fig. 53 to 55) and in particular the bulges were dimensioned according to the assigned group of hands so that taking into account the Function of pliers results in a comfortable, preferred coupling position.
- FIG. 56 indicates how the handle 160 is gripped by the human hand 19 when the pliers are used. As before, the position considered for right-handers is shown, with FIG. 56 the initial grasping of the pliers from behind, FIG. 57 the preferred coupling position of the hand for use in the pliers, and FIG. 58 in a section analogous to FIG. 13 indicates how the two sections 162, 163 of the handle 160 are spaced apart from one another in the preferred coupling position of the hand 19 and are arranged on both sides of the xy plane. A dashed line 177 also makes it clear in FIGS. 56 and 57 where the curvatures 171 and 176 shown in FIG. 54 come to lie in the hand 19.
- the cross-sectional plane B-B in a maximum 178 in the upper section 162 serves as a reference plane for the handle 160 and for the handle 38, which lies on the one hand in a plane lying parallel to the xy plane and on the other hand in a longitudinal section lying in the xz plane.
- the length L0.1 of the convex central part 169 is determined by the position of the turning points to the concave neighboring parts 168, 170 or by the cross-sectional planes 166, 167, which run through these turning points, and is, as with the one-piece handles, about 50%, preferably 45% to 55% of the hand width B (Fig. 3) of the average user of the assigned group.
- the position of concave minima 179, 180 of the distal or proximal part 168, 170 is indicated by LI. l and lii. 1, where these dimensions can have the same values as in FIGS. 5 to 10.
- an upper and lower section 184, 185 are also asymmetrical with respect to the surfaces which come into contact with the hand cavity and the ball of the thumb in the preferred coupling position, as, inter alia, FIG 61 to 63 show.
- the lower surface of the section intended for the contact of the fingers 185 largely cylindrical in cross-section, while it has only a slight curvature in the direction of a longitudinal axis 186 (cf. R2.2 in FIG. 59).
- the radii and other dimensions in the lower section 185 are selected so that this offers the fingers surrounding it the most comfortable possible fit.
- the "trapezoid" (cf. also Fig.
- the upper section 184 like the upper section of the handle 160 in FIGS. 51 to 55, is grooved.
- the pliers shown in FIGS. 51 to 63 have handles 160, 183 for right-handers. With appropriate handles for left-handers, sections 162, 163 and 184, 185 are mirror images of the xz plane (cf. 61 to 63).
- FIGS. 64 and 65 show a handle 189 which has two sections 190, 191 which are formed on both sides of a longitudinal axis 192 or a central plane (yz plane) containing them, with mirror symmetry.
- both sections 190, 191 have a curvature 194 which is clearly pronounced both in the x and in the y direction, in the sense of the other handles described.
- the shape of the handle provides optimal properties for right and left-handed people in the upper section 190 (or 191) which interacts with the hand cavity.
- the handles 189 in the section 191 (or 190) encompassed by the fingers are significantly improved compared to pliers handles on the market.
- pliers handles even those of the larger combination or cutting pliers, are usually not ergonomically sufficient because they do not have an ergonomically well-shaped or a proximal part that is not suitable for contacting the palm of the hand.
- the forceps handle is too short, even with larger forceps, or it extends in a continuous arch in one plane to the proximal end, so that it is never adapted to the hand cavity. The entire pressure force must therefore be applied with the hand cavity.
- the invention proposes conditions, at least with larger pliers, to extend the handles so far that the edge of the hand edge also rests on a corresponding proximal part (e.g. 170 in FIG.
- pliers handles, other types of pliers such.
- FIGS. 66 to 74 show, analogously to FIGS. 40 to 50, longitudinal sections, cross sections and grid or grid point representations for a hammer handle, e.g. 14 to 18. Longitudinal sections in the four planes 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 ° are also shown here (FIGS. 66 to 69) and FIG. 70 contain a large number of cross sections A to L along the z axis. Practical dimensions for such a section can be found in the table in FIGS. 93a, 93b, which is structured analogously to the table in FIGS. 94a, 94b.
- FIGS. 75 to 83 show views corresponding to FIGS. 66 to 74 for a saw handle, for example according to FIGS. 33 to 39, and FIGS. 84 to 92 the same for the upper section of a plier handle, e.g. The pliers according to FIGS. 51 to 58.
- FIGS. 84 to 87 it should be noted that this is an upper section of a pliers corresponding to section 162 in FIGS. 51 to 55 and that the position of the longitudinal cuts is selected in accordance with the cross section K in FIG. 88a.
- the longitudinal sections are shown in a position rotated by 180 ° and the z-axis relative to the corresponding other representations (for example FIGS. 40 to 43).
- the angular ranges shown in FIG. 12 can be selected differently, a range of approximately 315 ° to 90 ° being generally considered to be particularly effective with regard to the angular extent of the arch described. This does not exclude that the handles can also have angular shapes where there are less stressed parts of the hand when in use.
- the dimensions of the handles for the various groups of hands selected within the scope of the invention are preferably in a ratio of S: M: L such as 43: 46: 48. B.
- the radii RIO, R12 expedient lengths between 12 mm and 30 mm length, the radii Rll, R13, however, expedient lengths of approx.
- the length of the middle part is approximately 50% of the hand width for all handles described.
- the invention encompasses not only the handles described, but also the tools produced with the handles and the sets associated with the same functional parts and composed of several different handles or tools. Depending on requirements, these sets can include handles and / or tools provided with handles for right-handed and / or left-handed people and tools other than those described above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50110213T DE50110213D1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Griff für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen griffen zusammengestellte griff- und werkzeugsätze |
DE10190197T DE10190197D2 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Griff für Hand- und Gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen Griffen zusammengestellte Griff- und Werkzeugsätze |
AU42262/01A AU4226201A (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Handle for hand and garden tools, and handle sets and tool sets combined with handles of this type |
EP01915000A EP1163088B1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Griff für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen griffen zusammengestellte griff- und werkzeugsätze |
US09/963,330 US20020124353A1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-09-25 | Handle for a hand tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2000/000209 WO2000043166A2 (de) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Griffe für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DEPCT/DE00/00209 | 2000-01-25 | ||
DE10038041.7 | 2000-08-02 | ||
DE10038041 | 2000-08-02 | ||
DE10038628 | 2000-08-03 | ||
DE10038628.8 | 2000-08-03 | ||
DEPCT/DE01/00276 | 2001-01-24 | ||
DE0100276 | 2001-01-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001054866A1 true WO2001054866A1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
Family
ID=26006610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/DE2001/000304 WO2001054866A1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2001-01-25 | Griff für hand- und gartenwerkzeuge sowie mit derartigen griffen zusammengestellte griff- und werkzeugsätze |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20020124353A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1163088B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE330754T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4226201A (de) |
DE (2) | DE50110213D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2266173T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001054866A1 (de) |
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US20090194301A1 (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-06 | Charles Grubb | Gardening tool |
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US9133631B2 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2015-09-15 | Axia Acquisition Corporation | Handle system for finishing tool |
EP2996843A4 (de) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-01-25 | Arseneau, Allen | Ergonomischer griff und in verbindung damit betätigbare strukturen |
USD757499S1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-05-31 | Allen Arseneau | Mug with handle |
US9952618B2 (en) * | 2015-01-02 | 2018-04-24 | Extreme Steering, Inc. | Handlebar grips and handlebar assemblies including the same |
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USD882333S1 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2020-04-28 | Allen Arseneau | Handle |
US9962824B1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-05-08 | K&W Tools Co., Ltd. | Grip structure for left-handed and right-handed users |
USD885161S1 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-05-26 | Frank Djelaj | Handle cover |
US11660738B2 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-05-30 | Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. | Ergonomic grip for striking tool |
Citations (7)
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US2056054A (en) * | 1934-07-18 | 1936-09-29 | John L Osgood | Tool handle |
DE2426810A1 (de) * | 1974-06-04 | 1976-03-11 | Geb Fanger Baerbel Bubik | Essbesteck |
EP0482351A2 (de) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-29 | BETTCHER INDUSTRIES, INC. (a Delaware Corporation) | Modulares Handstück |
EP0635337A2 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-25 | Bost Garnache Industries | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeuggriffes und Werkzeug mit einem nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Griff |
US5692265A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1997-12-02 | Dalury; David F. | Ergonometric handle |
DE19641464A1 (de) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-30 | Pries Alexander | Neue Formen von Griffflächen insbesondere Ballspielschläger/Tennisschläger etc. |
WO1998029167A1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-09 | Tamaribuchi Stephen K | Ergonomic hand grip and method of gripping |
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US375773A (en) * | 1888-01-03 | Island | ||
US4522083A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1985-06-11 | Morgan Clyde R | Bicycle handlebar grips |
US4964192A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-10-23 | Marui, Ltd. | Multiple radius grip |
USD351330S (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-10-11 | Chen Ming-Chang | Bicycle handlebar grip |
US5440784A (en) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-08-15 | Hull; Harold L. | Ergonomic hand grip |
US5896620A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-04-27 | F. M. Brush Co., Inc. | Easy grip brush handle |
GB9726294D0 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1998-02-11 | Optident International Ltd | Improvements relating to hand held devices |
FR2778592B1 (fr) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-08-04 | Facom | Pince a poignees ergonomiques |
US5975909A (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 1999-11-02 | Ritchie; Samuel E. | Utensil manipulation training tools and method |
-
2001
- 2001-01-25 DE DE50110213T patent/DE50110213D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 AT AT01915000T patent/ATE330754T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-25 AU AU42262/01A patent/AU4226201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-25 ES ES01915000T patent/ES2266173T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 WO PCT/DE2001/000304 patent/WO2001054866A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-25 DE DE10190197T patent/DE10190197D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 EP EP01915000A patent/EP1163088B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-25 US US09/963,330 patent/US20020124353A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2056054A (en) * | 1934-07-18 | 1936-09-29 | John L Osgood | Tool handle |
DE2426810A1 (de) * | 1974-06-04 | 1976-03-11 | Geb Fanger Baerbel Bubik | Essbesteck |
EP0482351A2 (de) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-29 | BETTCHER INDUSTRIES, INC. (a Delaware Corporation) | Modulares Handstück |
EP0635337A2 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-25 | Bost Garnache Industries | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeuggriffes und Werkzeug mit einem nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Griff |
US5692265A (en) * | 1994-10-28 | 1997-12-02 | Dalury; David F. | Ergonometric handle |
DE19641464A1 (de) * | 1996-10-09 | 1998-04-30 | Pries Alexander | Neue Formen von Griffflächen insbesondere Ballspielschläger/Tennisschläger etc. |
WO1998029167A1 (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-09 | Tamaribuchi Stephen K | Ergonomic hand grip and method of gripping |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1163088B1 (de) | 2006-06-21 |
EP1163088A1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
ES2266173T3 (es) | 2007-03-01 |
DE50110213D1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
ATE330754T1 (de) | 2006-07-15 |
US20020124353A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE10190197D2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
AU4226201A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
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