Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
  • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
  • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
  • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
  • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
  • Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]

Definitions

• compositions based on charged ⁇ -caprolactone polymer process for their preparation and articles based on these compositions
• the invention relates to compositions based on ⁇ -caprolactone polymer containing calcium carbonate, a process for their preparation and articles (films, foams, bottles, plates and sheets) based on these compositions.
• the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone have good biodegradability, which makes them attractive for various applications where this property is required.
• films used for making trash bags films for agriculture, films for packaging, shrouds or diapers; mosses, vials and thermoformed products including for example pots for young plants.
• These polymers can also be used in the form of plates.
• mineral fillers are commonly used.
• mineral fillers Another disadvantage of mineral fillers is that they cannot generally be used at high concentration in compositions based on polymer of ⁇ -caprolactone, under penalty of deterioration in the appearance of the films produced (due in particular to the presence of hard spots and a rough feel, due to poor dispersion and the presence of agglomerates).
• compositions based on ⁇ -caprolactone polymer containing as filler calcium carbonate which, not only do not have these drawbacks, but in addition may lead to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the articles manufactured at basis of these compositions.
• the invention firstly relates to compositions based on a polymer of ⁇ -caprolactone comprising at least one polymer of -caprolactone and calcium carbonate.
• compositions according to the invention contain more than 25% by weight of calcium carbonate.
• compositions according to the invention comprise at least 30% by weight of calcium carbonate.
• compositions according to the invention comprise up to 80% by weight of calcium carbonate, preferably up to 50% by weight of calcium carbonate.
• F ⁇ -caprolactone polymers is intended to denote both homopolymers of ⁇ -caprolactone and copolymers with a preponderant content of ⁇ -caprolactone, for example at least 50% by weight, with other monomers, preferably with d other cyclic lactones.
• cyclic lactones there may be mentioned for example ⁇ -propiolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, l, 4-dioxane-2-one, l, 4-dioxepane-2-one, 1, 5-dioxepane-2-one, glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione) and their substituted derivatives as well as L-lactide, D-lactide, DL-lactide.
• the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone are preferably homopolymers of ⁇ -caprolactone.
• the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone involved in the compositions according to the invention may be polymers of unbranched ⁇ -caprolactone or polymers of branched ⁇ -caprolactone, that is to say having a level of non-zero connections.
• the branched ⁇ -caprolactone polymers preferably have a gel content (rate of polymers insoluble in chloroform extracted using a soxhlet after 8 hours) less than or equal to 0.5%, in a particularly preferred manner equal to zero. They may have been obtained by a melt reaction in an extruder in the presence of a radical generator.
• the radical generator is usually used in an amount sufficient to allow a non-zero connection rate of the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone to be obtained while avoiding the gel formation.
• radical generator it is possible, for example, to use 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy-hexane (DHBP).
• the calcium carbonate has very good dispersibility in the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone, and does not tend to form agglomerates in these polymers.
• the calcium carbonate of the compositions according to the invention is usually in the form of particles, which preferably have one or more of the particle size characteristics mentioned below. Particle size curves were obtained for calcium carbonate of compositions according to the invention, showing the existence of particles of relatively small size and a narrow distribution of particle sizes.
• the average diameter of the calcium carbonate particles is less than 5 ⁇ m. Preferably, it is less than 3 ⁇ m. In a particularly preferred manner, it is less than or equal to 1.5 ⁇ m. Very particularly preferably, it is less than 1 ⁇ m. In the case of narrow particle size distributions, the median particle diameter has a value very close to that of the mean diameter.
• mean diameter is meant for the purposes of the present invention, the mean diameter measured by light diffraction with a Coulter LS 230 laser granulometer using the PIDS (Polarization Intensity Differential Scattering) measurement system.
• the fraction of sodium carbonate particles having a diameter greater than 25 ⁇ m is usually less than 0.04% by volume, and preferably zero.
• the fraction of calcium carbonate particles having a diameter greater than 10 ⁇ m is less than 3% by volume, preferably less than 1% by volume and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.5% by volume.
• the fraction of calcium carbonate particles having a diameter of less than 0.1 ⁇ m is generally greater than 2% by volume.
• the high cutoff i.e. the particle diameter value which is such that at least 99% by weight of the particles has a diameter less than this value
• the calcium carbonate of the compositions according to the invention may be of synthetic origin or of natural origin.
• calcium carbonate is usually obtained by the carbonation of a lime milk or by the reaction between sodium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
• the calcium carbonate of the compositions according to the invention is of natural origin and comes from ground marble.
• Examples of such calcium carbonates Figure calcium carbonate F ⁇ LMLE K ® 400 marketed by ECC International.
• the calcium carbonate advantageously contains less than 0.5% of moisture, and preferably it contains less than 0.3% of moisture.
• the calcium carbonate of the compositions according to the invention is usually in the form of coated particles.
• the coating of the calcium carbonate particles represents less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, particularly preferably less than 1.5% by weight of the calcium carbonate particles.
• the coating comprises one or more fatty acids chosen from saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having a chain of 8 to 26 carbon atoms. Good results have been obtained with saturated fatty acids.
• caprylic acid C
• capric acid Ceo
• lauric acid C 1
• myristic acid C H
• palmitic acid C 16
• stearic acid C ⁇ 8
• arachidic acid C 0
• behenic acid C 22
• lignoceric acid C 24
• unsaturated fatty acids there may be mentioned for example lauroleic acid (C 12 ), myristoleic acid (C ⁇ 4 ), palmitoleic acid (Ci ⁇ ), oleic acid (C ⁇ 8 ), ricinoleic acid (C ⁇ 8 ), linoleic acid (C ⁇ ) and linolenic acid (C 18 ).
• the calcium carbonate in the compositions according to the invention comprises fatty acids linked to the particles of calcium carbonate and fatty acids not linked to the particles of calcium carbonate.
• the proportion of fatty acids not linked to the particles of calcium carbonate is less than 0.5% by weight relative to the weight of calcium carbonate. It is preferably less than 0.1%, and particularly preferably, it is less than 0.05% by weight relative to the weight of calcium carbonate. More particularly preferably, the proportion of fatty acids not linked to calcium carbonate is less than 0.02% by weight relative to the weight of calcium carbonate. This concentration is measured by extraction with diethyl ether, as described in Examples of the present application (chemical analysis of the calcium carbonate Filmlink ® 400).
• the calcium carbonate of the compositions according to the invention contains less than 2.5% by weight of impurities.
• impurities can include carbonates, metal oxides and / or silicas.
• the impurities in the coating can include, for example, fatty acids other than those mentioned above, fatty alcohols and aliphatic esters.
• the calcium carbonate used is sold by ECC International under the brand Filmlink ®, in particular under the name Filmlink ® 400 Powder.
• ECC International the technical sheet issued by the firm ECC International, dated June
• compositions of the invention can be prepared by any suitable method. Good results are obtained if they are prepared by means of the process according to the invention.
• the invention therefore also relates to a process for the preparation of compositions according to the invention, as defined above, according to which at least one polymer of ⁇ -caprolactone and of carbonate is melt-mixed in an extruder. calcium.
• melt reaction is meant for the purposes of the present invention, any reaction in the substantial absence of solvent and at a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone.
• extruder is intended to denote any continuous device comprising at least one feed zone and, at its outlet, a discharge zone preceded by a compression zone, the latter forcing the molten mass to pass through the zone d 'evacuation.
• the evacuation zone can also be followed by a granulation device or a device giving the extruded material a profiled shape, such as a film or a bottle parison.
• a granulation device or a device giving the extruded material a profiled shape, such as a film or a bottle parison.
• use will be made of known extruders based on the work of two screws, whether they are co-or counter-rotating or of BUSS type extruders.
• the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone may have been branched before the preparation of the compositions according to the invention as explained above or they can be branched during the preparation of the compositions according to the invention by performing the melt mixing in the presence of a radical generator.
• the radical generator is usually used in an amount sufficient to allow a non-zero connection rate of the polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone to be obtained while avoiding the formation of a gel.
• radical generator it is possible to use, for example, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxyhexane (DHBP).
• Another subject of the invention is articles obtained from the compositions according to the invention as defined above.
• compositions according to the invention can be obtained by using the compositions according to the invention by extrusion, by thermoforming or by injection.
• the articles are obtained by using the compositions according to the invention by extrusion.
• the articles according to the invention advantageously have an impact resistance, determined according to standard ISO 7765-1 A (1988), improved compared to that of similar articles obtained by the same implementation technique from reference compositions. identical, but devoid of calcium carbonate.
• compositions according to the invention can be obtained from the composition according to the invention under consideration, by dissolving the latter, for example in chloroform, by completely eliminating, by any suitable method which does not affect the polymer, for example by filtering, the mineral fillers present and by evaporating the solvent so as to recover the solid polymer to then use it.
• the implementation can be done for example by pressing or extrusion.
• the articles according to the invention can be chosen from the following categories of articles: films, foams, bottles, plates and sheets.
• the articles according to the invention are films, which can advantageously be obtained by blow molding or by extrusion in a flat die.
• the examples which follow serve to illustrate the invention without however limiting its scope.
• Calcium carbonate used in the inventive examples 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 is calcium carbonate Filmlink ® 400 marketed by ECC International.
• Carboxylic acids present in calcium carbonate FILMLINK 400 were dosed according to the method described below.
• FILMLINK ® 400 calcium carbonate was subjected to hydrolysis with 12 N HCl for 1 hour at reflux. The aqueous phase, cooled, was extracted with diethyl ether. The extract was washed with distilled water until acidity was reached and then filtered over anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then dried in a vacuum oven to constant weight.
• the different components were identified by thin layer chromatography and quantified by gas chromatography.
• the fraction of organic matter coating the calcium carbonate particles had a composition as given in Table 1.
• the impurities in the coating were fatty alcohols and aliphatic fatty esters.
• thermogravimetric analysis was performed on samples of 4 grams of calcium carbonate Filmlink ® 400, deposited without compaction on platinum tulips.
• the analyzer used was a TA1 thermobalance from Mettler No. 32760, operating under Anatech software. The tests were carried out under dry air sweep.
• the particle size distribution of FILMLINK ® 400 calcium carbonate particles was measured by light diffraction with a Coulter LS 230 laser particle sizer using the Polarization Intensity Differential Scattering (PIDS) measurement system.
• PIDS Polarization Intensity Differential Scattering
• This device measures the size distribution of particles in suspension in a carrier liquid.
• the particles were used as marketed, that is to say in the coated state. They were presuspended in isopropanol, then injected into the granulometer. The measurement was carried out for 90 seconds.
• the values of the various parameters were directly provided by the software adapted to the granulometer used. The measurements were made without the application of ultrasound. An average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m was observed.
• the fraction of particles with a diameter less than 0.1 ⁇ m was 2.4
• the extruder used was the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 co-rotating twin screw extruder.
• the diameter of the screws is 40 mm and their length is 1360 mm.
• the screw rotation speed is 200 rpm (rotations per minute).
• the extruder has been arranged so that it successively comprises a feed zone, a material melting zone, a homogenization zone, optionally a reaction zone, optionally a zone for introducing carbonate of calcium and any additives and an evacuation zone preceded by a compression zone. Each of these areas was at a very specific temperature.
• the supply zone for polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone was at a temperature less than or equal to 20 ° C.
• the melting zone of the material was at a temperature of 130 ° C.
• the homogenization zone was at a temperature of 130 ° C.
• the reaction zone was at a temperature of 180 ° C.
• the area where calcium carbonate and optional additives, such as stabilizers, were introduced, was at a temperature of 180 ° C.
• the compression zone was at a temperature of 180 ° C.
• the evacuation area was at a temperature of 180 ° C.
• the extruder was equipped with a gorse die.
• the product was cooled in a water tank, then granulated and dried.
• Films were produced by blow-molding from the compositions obtained according to Examples 1 to 6 on the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder, using a second extruder.
• a DOLCI 20 type extruder was used. This single screw extruder was used to bring the material to the molten state (75-150 ° C) before forcing it through an annular die 30 mm in diameter and 0, 75 mm air gap (28.5 mm core), oriented perpendicular to the axis of the extruder, so that the product leaves vertically upwards.
• a BATTENFELD 45 extruder was also used, having an annular die of 80 mm in diameter and 0.9 mm of air gap.
• the material flow was adjusted by changing the speed of rotation of the screw.
• the tubular parison was then inflated by an internal air pressure and cooled externally by an air flow at distributed room temperature uniformly around the bubble thus formed a few centimeters above the die.
• the swelling rate (defined as equal to the ratio of the diameter of the bubble to the diameter of the die) was adjusted by adjusting the internal air pressure.
• the bubble was then gradually flattened by 2 guides, then pinched between 2 rollers, at least one of which is rubberized and at least one of which is driven.
• the tubular parison was therefore also stretched in the axial direction by the two pinch rollers.
• the stretching rate (defined as equal to the ratio of the speed of the film at the winding to the speed of the film at the die) was adjusted by varying the speed of the pinch rollers.
• the final film thickness is a function of the die air gap, the swelling rate and the stretch rate.
• Films were produced by extrusion in a flat die from the compositions obtained according to Examples 7 to 10 on the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder, using a second extruder.
• a Troester UP 30 type extruder was used. This single screw extruder was used to bring the material to the molten state (70-140 ° C) before forcing it through a 300 mm flat die of the Johnson 300 type / 2.
• the molten polymer film was then collected on a Reifenhauser type chill-roll at 15 ° C.
• the film thickness is a function of the material flow and the line speed. Characterization of the films obtained
• DHBP 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxyhexane LUPERSOL ® sold under the trademark 101 by Peroxid-Chemie, mixed with carbon dioxide, was sprayed onto poly- ⁇ -caprolactone using an appropriate introduction device.
• the DHBP was introduced at a rate of 1 g per kg of poly- ⁇ -caprolactone mixture.
• a film (No. 1) containing no filler material was produced by extrusion blow molding on a DOLCI 20 extruder from the composition according to Example 1 in the manner described above and under the conditions given below.
• Film No. 1 has a smooth appearance and is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 63 g for a thickness of 58 ⁇ m.
• Example 2 (according to the invention)
• the example 1 was repeated, but added 30 weight%, based on the final composition, of a powder coated marketed under the designation Filmlink ® calcium carbonate 400 by ECC International in the introduction of the area calcium carbonate from the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder described above.
• a film (No. 2) was produced from the composition according to Example 2 in the same way as in Example 1 and with the conditions listed below.
• Film No. 2 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 74 g for a film with a thickness of 56 ⁇ m. or, surprisingly, an improved impact resistance compared to Example 1, which showed a lower resistance value for a greater thickness.
• the film has an appearance as smooth as the film obtained according to Example 1.
• Example 3 (according to the invention)
• Example 1 was repeated by adding 40% by weight, relative to the final composition, of coated calcium carbonate marketed under the name Filmlink ® 400 by ECC International in the insertion area of the calcium carbonate of the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder described above.
• a film (No. 3) was produced from the composition according to Example 3 in the same way as in Example 1 and with the conditions given below.
• Film No. 3 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 278 g for a film only 28 ⁇ m thick.
• ISO standard 7765-1 method A
• an impact resistance was obtained which is far superior to that of Example 1, for a film which is, however, twice as thin.
• the film always retains a smooth appearance.
• Example 4 (according to the invention)
• Example 1 was repeated by adding 50% by weight, relative to the final composition, of coated calcium carbonate marketed under the name Filmlink ® 400 by ECC International in the insertion area of the calcium carbonate of the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder described above.
• a film (No. 4) was produced starting from the composition according to Example 4 in the same manner as in Example 1 and with the conditions listed below.
• Film No. 4 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 110 g.
• a composition according to Example 1 was used for the manufacture of a film (No. 5) by blow molding on a Battenfeld 45 extruder as described above with the conditions given below.
• Film No. 5 is characterized by an impact resistance of less than 40 g. Indeed, it breaks at each impact of the lightest projectile available with a mass equal to 40 g.
• Example 6 (according to the invention)
• Example 2 A composition according to Example 2 containing 30% by weight, relative to the final composition, of a calcium carbonate powder coated marketed under the designation Filmlink ® 400 by ECC International, was used for the manufacture of a film by extrusion blow molding on a Battenfeld 45 extruder as described above.
• a film (N ° 6) was produced from this composition with the conditions listed below.
• the film No. 6 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765.1 of 167 g, ie a value much higher than that obtained with the film produced in Example 5, which has a similar thickness. It has a smooth appearance.
• a mixture of 50% by weight of the poly- ⁇ -caprolactone CAP A ® 650 sold by SOLVAY and 50% by weight of the poly- ⁇ -caprolactone CAP A ® 680 sold by SOLVAY was introduced into the feeding zone d '' a WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder with a throughput of 30 kg / h and has moved through the different areas of the extruder.
• a film (No. 7) containing no filler material was produced by extrusion in a flat die on a Troester UP 30 extruder from the composition according to Example 7 in the manner described above and under the conditions given above. -Dessous.
• Film No. 7 has a smooth appearance and is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 125 g for a thickness of 77 ⁇ m.
• Example 7 was repeated, but added 30 weight%, based on the final composition, of a powder coated marketed under the designation Filmlink ® calcium carbonate 400 by ECC International in the introduction of the area calcium carbonate from the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder described above.
• a film (No. 8) was produced starting from the composition according to Example 8 in the same manner as in Example 7 and with the conditions listed below.
• Film No. 8 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 717 g for a film with a thickness of 97 ⁇ m. or a significantly improved impact resistance compared to Example 7.
• the film has an appearance as smooth as the film obtained according to Example 7.
• Example 9 (according to the invention)
• Example 7 was repeated by adding 40% by weight, relative to the final composition, of coated calcium carbonate marketed under the name Filmlink ® 400 by ECC International in the insertion area of the calcium carbonate of the WERNER & PFLEIDERER ZSK ® 40 extruder described above.
• a film (No. 9) was produced starting from the composition according to Example 9 in the same manner as in Example 7 and with the conditions listed below.
• Film No. 9 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of more than 1140 g for a film of 84 ⁇ m thickness.
• ISO standard 7765-1 method A
• an impact resistance was obtained which is far superior to that of Example 7.
• the film always retains a smooth appearance.
• Example 10 (according to the invention)
• Example 7 was reproduced by adding 50% by weight, relative to the final composition, of coated calcium carbonate sold under / 53401
• a film (No. 10) was produced starting from the composition according to Example 10 in the same manner as in Example 7 and with the conditions listed below.
• Film No. 10 is characterized by an impact resistance measured according to ISO standard 7765-1 (method A) of 591 g.
• the film retains a smooth appearance, without hard spots, which is an exceptional result.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-01-20 EP EP00200231A patent/EP1118636A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
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  • 2001-01-19 US US10/169,758 patent/US6911522B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2001-01-19 WO PCT/EP2001/000578 patent/WO2001053401A1/fr not_active Ceased
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