WO2001042407A2 - Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001042407A2 WO2001042407A2 PCT/EP2000/011963 EP0011963W WO0142407A2 WO 2001042407 A2 WO2001042407 A2 WO 2001042407A2 EP 0011963 W EP0011963 W EP 0011963W WO 0142407 A2 WO0142407 A2 WO 0142407A2
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- acid
- die
- sodium
- compressed particles
- particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of compressed particles which are suitable for incorporation in detergents and cleaning agents, in which a mixture of the solid and liquid starting materials is pressed in a pelletizing device.
- DE 39 26 253 discloses a process for the production of compacted detergents and cleaning agents in granular form, in which a solid mixture which may contain mixed-in liquid ingredients is added with the addition of water-soluble, water-emulsifiable and / or water-dispersible plasticizers and / or lubricants to give a homogeneous, Formative compressible mass worked up, this mass is extruded via hole forms with opening widths of the predetermined granulate dimension, the emerging compressed material strands are cut to the predetermined granulate dimension and, if necessary, the plastic granulate particles are then rounded off to form a shape and, if necessary, dried to form a granular, free-flowing granulate.
- DE 41 00 306 discloses a process for the production of dry concentrates contained in detergents and / or cleaning agents in the form of free-flowing and storage-stable coarse-grained compacts, in which fine-grained ingredients without pronounced adhesive or adhesive properties with fine-grained ingredients with adhesive or adhesive properties as fine-grained Good among those Conditions are mixed largely homogeneously to form a loose bulk material, under which there is still no pronounced solidifying adhesive function, the liquid components that may be used are mixed in and the bulk material is pressed to form pressures, with the greatest possible exclusion of shear forces from the main mass, including micro-dispersed air.
- the pressing is carried out by means of a die press, in particular in a ring die press, the bulk material being applied to the surface of a rotating die having bores and being rolled into a compacted form by means of a pressing tool rotating on or slightly above the die press and being pressed through it in the form of a strand and cut into granules.
- Washing and cleaning agents generally contain different particulate components, which are mixed in predetermined proportions to form the finished product.
- the individual components come from different manufacturing processes.
- the particulate detergents and cleaning agents consist of individual particles that have similar shapes and densities. Otherwise, signs of segregation would occur over time due to shaking during transport, etc., so that the amount removed did not have the desired composition.
- the bleach activators usually contained in detergents and cleaning agents are substances that are not thermally stable and whose decomposition is noticeable through the release of vinegar.
- the granulation in a mixer or Granuherteller leads to particles with low Ab ⁇ ebstabilitat, which creates an undesirable part of the product in the product
- the material to be pressed is fed into the press via a Ford screw, the The material is compacted by rollers that are driven indirectly by the rotating die, which compress the material and press it into the openings of the rotating die. During this process, the material often slips on the inner surface of the rotating die.This backflow reduces the compression of the material and can do so Increase dwell time
- the object of the present invention was to provide a method for producing particles suitable for incorporation in detergents and cleaning agents, in which the energy input is reduced in such a way that temperature-sensitive particles can also be processed
- the present invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of compressed particles suitable for incorporation in detergents and cleaning agents, in which a mixture of solid and optionally liquid starting materials is fed to the chamber of a pelletizing device provided with a rigid ring die, the mixture being rotatable in the Arranged chamber and pressed with pressing surfaces on the inner shell of the die along the rotor through the die and scraped on the outer edge of the die in the form of compressed particles
- the mass to be compressed is pressed in a die press by means of a rotor which is rotatably arranged in the chamber of the pelletizer device and has pressing surfaces which run along the inner jacket of a rigid die, the dwell time inside the die Press is small and the tendency to harden or decompose the material to be processed is reduced.
- a particular advantage is that the material to be pressed does not slip on the inner wall of the die due to the pressing surfaces on the rotor, so that the disadvantages described above do not occur
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for processing temperature-sensitive materials, such as bleach activators, enzymes, perfumes etc.
- the rotor which is rotatably arranged in the interior of the pelletizing device and runs with pressing surfaces along the inner surface of the die, is an impeller.
- This impeller particularly preferably has its own drive, i.e. it is not driven indirectly via other driven components in the pelletizing device or upstream or downstream devices driven
- the pellets emerging from the die are usually scraped off.
- so-called scraper blades are arranged around the outer edge of the die at a predetermined distance therefrom, which rotate around the outer edge
- the compressed particles emerging from the pelletizing device can be further processed after stripping in a manner known per se. First, if necessary, they are cooled. Cooled air can be used, for example, as cooling medium. Additionally or alternatively, the compressed particles obtained can be subjected to very fine solids. to improve the flow In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compressed particles obtained from the die press are then subjected to a further shaping process.
- the compressed particles produced can have any shape, with cylindrical or spherical shapes being particularly preferred. Rounding can take place, for example, immediately after the particles have been stripped from the outer jacket of the die, as long as the particles are still plastically deformable, ie have a sufficiently high temperature. The rounding can take place in devices known from the prior art, for example in a Marumehzer
- the compressed particles produced according to the invention preferably have bulk densities of at least 500 g / l.
- Bulk weights in the range up to 1000 g / l are particularly preferred, bulk densities between 600 and 900 g / l being particularly preferred.
- the bulk weights can each be set by the specified processing conditions depending on the material properties of the material mixture.
- the grain size of the particles produced can be adjusted in a manner known per se to a range from 0.7 to 3 mm, e.g. by the hole size in the die press and by the distance of the doctor blades.
- Compacted particles with lengths above 3 mm can, for example, be broken to a predetermined length and rounded, if necessary.
- Cylindrical particles preferably have a length of up to 2 mm, while preferred spherical, optionally additionally rounded particles can have a particle diameter in the range from 1 mm to 2 mm.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out for the production of compressed particles of any constituents which can be incorporated into washing and cleaning agents.
- the solid and optionally liquid starting materials are first mixed.
- Any ingredients usually contained as solid constituents in washing and cleaning agents can be processed as starting materials.
- temperature-sensitive substances such as bleach activators, enzymes and fragrance concentrates
- Bleach activators are used to improve the bleaching action of detergents and cleaning agents at temperatures below 60 ° C.
- bleach activators are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, contain peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid result, are used.
- Substances which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated number of carbon atoms and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups are preferred.
- Polyacrylate alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine pvates, in particular 1 5-diacetyl-2,4-diooxohexahydro-1, 3,5-tr ⁇ az ⁇ (DADHT), acylated glycolunle, in particular 1, 3,4,6-tetraacetylglycolur ⁇ l (TAGU), N-acylimide, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phtha Acid anhydride, isatosaur anhydride and / or succinic anhydride, glycolide, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetm, ethylene glycol di
- nitlde ⁇ vates such as cyanopy ⁇ dines, nit ⁇ lquats and / or cyanamide derivatives can be used
- Bleach activators are sodium 4- (octanoyloxy) benzenesulfonate,
- Undecenoyloxybenzenesulfonate (UDOBS), sodium dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (DOBS), decanoyloxybenzoic acid (DOBA, OBC 10) and / or dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (OBS 12) as well as N-methylmorpholinum-acetonitrile-like particles (MMA) prepared in accordance with the invention (M) Contain amounts of 40 to 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 70 to 90 wt .-%, based on the finished particle.
- UOBS Undecenoyloxybenzenesulfonate
- DOBS sodium dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
- DOBA decanoyloxybenzoic acid
- OBC 12 dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate
- M N-methylmorpholinum-acetonitrile-like particles
- the components which can also be processed include the enzymes, including proteases, amylases, pullulanases, cellulases, cutinases and / or lipases, for example proteases such as BLAP ® , Optimase ® , Opticlean ® , Maxacal ® , Maxapem ® , Durazym ® , Purafect ® OxP, Esperase ® and / or Savinase ® , amylases such as Termamyl ® , Amylase-LT ® , Maxamyl ® , Duramyl ® , Purafect ® OxAm, cellulases such as Celluzyme ® , Carezyme ® , KAC® and / or those from international patent applications WO 96/34108 and WO 96/34092 known cellulases and / or lipases such as Lipolase ® , Lipomax ® , Lumafast ® and /
- Dyes and fragrances can also be processed in the process according to the invention.
- perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether
- the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal
- the ketones include, for example, the jonones, ⁇ -isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol
- the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
- Perfume oils of this type can also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are obtainable from plant sources, for example pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, Cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiverol, olibanumol, galbanumol and labdanumoi as well as orange blutenol, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil
- All customary solid components can be processed as solid ingredients in the process according to the invention. These can also already be present in compounded form, ie as pre-prepared mixtures.
- solid ingredients are water-soluble and / or water-insoluble, organic and / or inorganic builders and cobuilders, bleaching agents, anionic surfactants , Non-ionic surfactant compounds and enzyme compounds
- Suitable water-soluble inorganic builder materials are, in particular, polymeric alkali metal phosphates which can be present in the form of their alkaline neutral or acidic sodium or potassium salts, examples of which are tetranium diphosphate, dinate dehydrogen diphosphate, pentanate diphosphate sodium and corresponding sodium hydamate phosphate sodium
- Water-dispersible inorganic builder materials are used, in particular, in crystalline or amorphous alkali alumosilicates, in amounts of up to 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% by weight, and in liquid media in particular from 1% by weight to 5% by weight the crystalline sodium alumino-silicates in detergent qualttate, in particular zeolite A, P and optionally X, preferably amounts close to the above upper limit are preferably used in solid, particulate compositions.
- Suitable aluminosilicates in particular have There are no particles with a grain size of more than 30 ⁇ m and preferably consist of at least 80% by weight of particles with a size of less than 10 ⁇ m.
- Your calcium binding capacity which can be determined according to the specifications of the German patent specification DE 24 12 837, is usually in Range from 100 to 200 mg CaO per gram
- Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the alumosilicate mentioned are crystalline alkali silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates.
- the alkali silicates which can be used as builders in the agents according to the invention preferably have a molar ratio of alkali oxide to SiO 2 below 0.95, in particular of 1 1 , 1 to 1 12 and can be amorphous or crystalline.
- preferred alkali silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates, with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 molar ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.
- Crystalline sheet silicates of the general formula Na 2 Si x O 2x + 1 y H 2 O, in which x, the so-called modulus, is a number of 1.9, are preferably used as crystalline silicates, which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and are preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates are those in which x assumes the values 2 or 3 in the general formula mentioned.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO 91/08171.
- ⁇ -sodium silicates with a modulus between 1.9 and 3.2 can be produced according to Japanese patent applications JP 04/238 809 or JP 04/260 610.
- a granular compound of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate is used, as is described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/22592 or as is commercially available, for example, under the name Nabion® 15.
- alkali aluminosilicate, in particular zeolite is also present as an additional builder substance
- the weight ratio of aluminosilicate to silicate, in each case based on anhydrous active substances is preferably 1:10 to 10: 1.
- the weight ratio of amorphous alkali silicate to crystalline alkali silicate is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 and in particular 1: 1 to 2: 1.
- the zeolite used can be, for example, finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite, such as zeolite A, zeolite P and mixtures of A and P. become.
- Zeolite MAP® commercial product from Crosfield
- Zeolite MAP® commercial product from Crosfield
- Zeoiites of the faujasite type are to be mentioned as further preferred and particularly suitable zeoiites.
- the mineral faujasite belongs to the faujasite types within the zeolite structure group 4, which is characterized by the double six-ring subunit D6R (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeoiite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons , New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, page 92).
- the zeolite structure group 4 also includes the minerals chabazite and gmelinite and the synthetic zeolites R (chabazite type), S (gmelinite type), L and ZK-5.
- the latter two synthetic zeolites have no mineral analogues.
- Zeauites of the faujasite type are made up of ß-cages, which are linked tetrahedrally via D6R subunits, the ß-cages being arranged similar to the carbon atoms in the diamond.
- the three-dimensional network of the zeolites of the faujasite type used in the process according to the invention has pores of 2.2 and 7.4 A, the unit cell also contains 8 cavities with a diameter of approx. 13 A and can be determined using the formula Na 86 [(AIO 2 ) 86 (SiO 2 ) 106 ] ' 264 H 2 O describe.
- the network of zeolite X contains a void volume of approximately 50%, based on the dehydrated crystal, which represents the largest empty space of all known zeolites (zeolite Y: approx. 48% void volume, faujasite: approx. 47% void volume). (All data from: Donald W. Breck: "Zeoiite Molecular Sieves ,,, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1974, pages 145, 176, 177).
- zeolite-type zeolite denotes all three zeolites which form the faujasite subgroup of the zeolite structure group 4.
- zeolite Y and faujasite and mixtures of these compounds can also be used according to the invention, pure zeolite X being preferred.
- x can have values between 0 and 276 and the pore sizes range from 8.0 to 8.4 A.
- a co-installation of zeolite X and zeolite A (approx. 80% by weight zeolite X), which is available from CONDEA Augusta S p A under the brand name VEGO-BOND, is also commercially available and can preferably be used in the process according to the invention
- AX ® is distributed and by the formula
- Y type zeolites are also commercially available and can be expressed, for example, by the formulas Na 5 6 [(AIO 2 ) 56 (SiO 2 ) 136 ] • x H 2 O,
- x stands for numbers between 0 and 276 and have a pore size of 8.0 ⁇ .
- the particle sizes of the Fauja-sit type zeolites used in the process according to the invention are in the range from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 and 50 ⁇ m and in particular between 1 and 30 ⁇ m, in each case using standard particle size determination methods measured.
- the generally known phosphates can also be used as builder substances, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
- the alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), are of the greatest importance in the detergent and cleaning agent industry.
- Alkali metal phosphates is the general term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
- the phosphates combine several advantages: They act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits on machine parts and lime incrustations in tissues and also contribute to cleaning performance.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91, preferably “3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04, preferably " 3 ). Both salts are white, water-soluble powders, which lose water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weakly acidic diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
- NaH 2 PO 4 is acidic; it arises when using phosphoric acid
- Sodium hydroxide solution is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 and the mash is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH 2 PO 4 , is a white salt with a density of 2.33, preferably 3 , has a melting point 253 ° [decomposes to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO 3 ) x ] and is easily soluble in water
- Dinate hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very easily water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 like 3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1, 68 like 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) and 12 moles of water (density 1, 52 like 3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O), becomes anhydrous at 100 ° and goes into the diphosphate Na 4 P when heated more 2 O 7 over dinate hydrogen phosphate is produced by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HPO 4 , is an amorphous, white salt that is easily soluble in water
- TnnatnumphosDhat, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 are colorless crystals which, as dodecahydrate, have a density of 1, 62, 3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 O 5 ) a density of 2.536 3 like trisodium phosphate is easily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is by evaporation of a solution of exactly 1 mol of dinate phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH produced potassium phosphate (tertiary or three-base potassium phosphate), K 3 PO 4 , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder with a density of 2.56, preferably 3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is easily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction Eg when heating Thomas slag with coal and potassium sul
- Tetranate diphosphate sodium pyrophosphate
- Na 4 P 2 O 7 exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534, preferably 3 , melting point 988 °, also given 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836, preferably 3 , melting point 94 ° below) Water loss)
- Na 4 P 2 O 7 is formed by heating dinate phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying.
- the decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hard formers and therefore reduces the hardness of the water potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in the form of the hydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33, preferably 3 , which is soluble in water, the pH Value of the 1% solution at 25 ° 10.4
- potassium diphosphate potassium diphosphate
- K 4 P 2 O 7 exists in the form of the hydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33, preferably 3 , which is soluble in water, the pH Value of the 1% solution at 25 ° 10.4
- pentanate phosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium polyphosphate)
- sodium polyphosphate sodium polyphosphate
- NaO- [P (O) (ONa) -O] n crystallizes with 6 H 2 O.
- sodium potassium polyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzing sodium metaphosphate with KOH (NaPO 3 ) 3 + 2 KOH - Na 3 K 2 P 3 O 10 + H 2 O
- sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate or mixtures of these two and mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium polyphosphate or mixtures of potassium polyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium polyphosphate phosphate and potassium phosphate phosphate can be used
- Organic cobuilders can be used in the detergent tablets according to the invention, in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below
- Usable organic scent substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. Nitro solder acetic acid (NTA), provided that such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acid and mixtures thereof
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acid component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH value of detergents or cleaning agents.
- citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, giuconic acid are used here and to name any mixtures of these Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates which have molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol dehvates as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives ,
- copolymers are those which preferably have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances.
- Polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives are particularly preferred.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- An oxidized ohgosaccharide is also suitable, a product oxidized at C 6 of the saccharide ring being particularly advantageous
- Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably Ethylendiammdisuccinat are further suitable cobuilders Ethylenediamine N, N '-d ⁇ succ ⁇ nat (EDDS) is preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts thereof Furthermore, Glycerindisuccmate Glycerintnsuccinate and are preferred in this context egen quantities used in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate at 3 to 15% by weight
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetyheric hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the The disodium salt is neutral and the tetrasodium salt is alkaline (pH 9).
- Ais aminoalkanephosphonates are preferably ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenediaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs.
- HEDP EDPane Hepta- and Octa-Nat ⁇ umsalz der DTPMP
- EDPane Hepta- and Octa-Nat ⁇ umsalz der DTPMP used HEDP is the preferred builder from the class of the phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity it is preferred, particularly if the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably Cg. 13 - Alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained from C 12 . 18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Alkanesulfonates which are derived from C 12 are also suitable.
- esters of a-sulfofatty acids for example the x-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- the alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myhstyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- the C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycine nests.
- Fatty acid glycine nests are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as they are in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycene with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycene ends with 0.3 up to 2 moles of Glycerm are obtained.
- Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycine nests are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, capryic acid, capric acid, mynstic acid, launic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 721 alcohols ethoxyherten with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are suitable Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as suifosuccmates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred suifosuccmates contain C 8 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these Particularly preferred suifosuccmates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- Suifosuccmates the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also particularly preferred possible to use alk (en) yl succinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof
- Soaps are also suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of launic acid, mynstic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids , derived soap mixtures
- the other anionic surfactants, including the soaps can be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or tetrahanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in Form of the sodium salts
- the sodium numperborate tetrahydrate and the sodium piperborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Other bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium numpercarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or persic acids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperipers Phthaloiminopersaure or Diperdodecandisaure
- bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium bicarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of which one Further ingredients are contained in the molded bodies. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are produced, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching can also be used Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which are in particular the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkyl peroxybenzoic acids peroxy- ⁇ - Naphtoesaure and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted ahphatician peroxy acids, such as Peroxylau nsaure, Peroxysteannsaure, ⁇ - Phthahmidoperoxycapronsaure [Phthaloiminoperoxyhexansaure (PAP)], o- Carboxybenzamidoperoxycapronsaure, N-nonenylamidoperadipinsaure and N- nonenylamidopersuccmate, and (c) Ahphatic and ara phatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-d ⁇ peroxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-d ⁇ peroxyazela ⁇ nsaure, diperoxysebacic acid, diperoxybrassyl acid, the diperoxyphthal
- Suitable materials which release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
- heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
- DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- nonionic surfactants present in solid form are alkyl glycosides, alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, amine oxides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides or any mixtures thereof.
- Alkyl glycosides have the general formula RO (G) x , in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms and G is the symbol, which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester.
- amine oxides are N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide.
- the amount of the amine oxides and the fatty acid alcohol amides is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have the formula I R 1
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamm or an alkanolamine and subsequent aceration with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula II
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
- [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propylene derivatives thereof restes
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as Catalyst can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
- the nonionic surfactants present in the liquid form are generally used.
- Granuehiinderstoff can also be added, such as paraffins, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene glycols and aqueous solutions of organic builder substances, such as aqueous solutions of acrylic acid-maleic anhydride copolymers as further liquid components fragrance oils or aqueous enzyme solutions can also be used.
- liquid means that these substances are liquid at the processing temperature
- liquid components are usually used in the process according to the invention in an amount of 2 to 10% by weight, preferably 2 to 8% by weight, based on the finished particles
- liquid surfactants are the alkoxylated alcohols.
- alkoxylated advantageously ethoxylated, especially primary alcohols, those with 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical is linear or can preferably be methyl-branched in the 2-position or can contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 . 14 alcohols with 3 EO, 4 EO or 7 EO, C ⁇ n alcohol with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 "alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 . 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 . 18 -Alcohol with 7 EO
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical mean values which, for a specific product, can be an integer or a fractional number.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow-range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols can also be used can be used with more than 12 EO. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- Nonionic surfactants which contain EO and PO groups together in the molecule can also be used according to the invention.
- block copolymers with EO-PO block units or PO-EO block units can be used are used, but also EO-PO-EO copolymers or PO-EO-PO copolymers.
- mixed alkoxylated nonionic surfactants can also be used, in which EO and PO units are not distributed in blocks but statistically. Such products can be obtained by the simultaneous action of ethylene and propylene oxide on fatty alcohols.
- the tower powder is a spray-dried product, the ingredients of which are shown in Table 2
- the abrasion was determined by tilting a tablet onto a sieve with a mesh size of 1.6 mm. This sieve was then placed in a Retsch analytical sieving machine. The tablet was mechanically stressed by sieving for 2 minutes with an amplitude of 2 mm. By using the tablet The abrasion can be determined directly before and after the stress and is given in% in the table
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE50011037T DE50011037D1 (de) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-11-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen |
JP2001544284A JP2003516467A (ja) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-11-29 | 圧縮粒子の製造法 |
EP00993323A EP1235896B1 (de) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-11-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen |
AT00993323T ATE302840T1 (de) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-11-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen |
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DE19959002A DE19959002C2 (de) | 1999-12-08 | 1999-12-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verdichteten Teilchen |
DE19959002.8 | 1999-12-08 |
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WO2001042407A2 true WO2001042407A2 (de) | 2001-06-14 |
WO2001042407A3 WO2001042407A3 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
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PCT/EP2000/011963 WO2001042407A2 (de) | 1999-12-08 | 2000-11-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von verdichteten teilchen |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1235896B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003516467A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE302840T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2328047A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19959002C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2246933T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001042407A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2018045609A1 (zh) * | 2016-09-11 | 2018-03-15 | 张元才 | 组合式造粒机 |
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JP5489996B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-02 | 2014-05-14 | ライオン株式会社 | 脂肪酸アルキルエステルスルホナート金属塩フレーク及びその製造方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4024759A1 (de) * | 1990-08-03 | 1992-02-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren in granulatform |
DE4100306A1 (de) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-07-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Kornfoermige, leicht loesliche trockenkonzentrate von inhaltsstoffen aus wasch- und/oder reinigungsmitteln und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4143016A1 (de) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren in granulatform (ii) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5988088A (ja) * | 1982-11-12 | 1984-05-21 | Nagase Seikagaku Kogyo Kk | 酵素含有顆粒剤の製造方法 |
DE3624336A1 (de) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-01-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von rieselfaehigen alkalischen reinigungsmitteln durch kompaktierende granulation |
JPS63134045A (ja) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-06 | Katsumi Takao | 造粒装置 |
ATE107352T1 (de) * | 1989-08-09 | 1994-07-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Herstellung verdichteter granulate für waschmittel. |
DE4336548C2 (de) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-11-17 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung kugelförmiger Granulate aus pulverförmigen Feststoffen |
DK0598318T3 (da) * | 1992-11-14 | 1999-11-29 | Degussa | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et kugleformet granulat af pulverformede faststoffer |
JPH0889782A (ja) * | 1994-09-21 | 1996-04-09 | Taiheiyo Tokushu Chuzo Kk | 造粒装置 |
DE19649119A1 (de) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-05-28 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Granulierung von schmutzlösenden, amphiphilen Polymeren durch Preßagglomeration |
DE19939806A1 (de) * | 1999-08-21 | 2001-02-22 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Schaumkontrollierte feste Waschmittel |
-
1999
- 1999-12-08 DE DE19959002A patent/DE19959002C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-29 JP JP2001544284A patent/JP2003516467A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-29 DE DE50011037T patent/DE50011037D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-29 WO PCT/EP2000/011963 patent/WO2001042407A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-29 AT AT00993323T patent/ATE302840T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-29 EP EP00993323A patent/EP1235896B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-29 ES ES00993323T patent/ES2246933T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-08 CA CA002328047A patent/CA2328047A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4024759A1 (de) * | 1990-08-03 | 1992-02-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren in granulatform |
DE4100306A1 (de) * | 1991-01-08 | 1992-07-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Kornfoermige, leicht loesliche trockenkonzentrate von inhaltsstoffen aus wasch- und/oder reinigungsmitteln und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4143016A1 (de) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Bleichaktivatoren in granulatform (ii) |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 198435 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class B04, AN 1984-215473 XP002171251 & JP 59 088088 A (NAGASE SEIKAGAKU KO), 21. Mai 1984 (1984-05-21) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018045609A1 (zh) * | 2016-09-11 | 2018-03-15 | 张元才 | 组合式造粒机 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE50011037D1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
EP1235896A2 (de) | 2002-09-04 |
EP1235896B1 (de) | 2005-08-24 |
ES2246933T3 (es) | 2006-03-01 |
DE19959002C2 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
ATE302840T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2001042407A3 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
CA2328047A1 (en) | 2001-06-08 |
DE19959002A1 (de) | 2001-06-28 |
JP2003516467A (ja) | 2003-05-13 |
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