Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
  • A61K8/894—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone modified by a polyoxyalkylene group, e.g. cetyl dimethicone copolyol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
  • C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
  • A61K8/895—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups, e.g. vinyl dimethicone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
  • A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
  • A61Q1/04—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments for lips
  • A61Q1/06—Lipsticks
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
  • C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
  • C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
  • C08F212/08—Styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/02—Monomers containing chlorine
  • C08F214/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
  • C08F214/06—Vinyl chloride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
  • C08F214/02—Monomers containing chlorine
  • C08F214/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
  • C08F214/08—Vinylidene chloride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
  • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
  • C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
  • C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
  • C08F220/281—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing only one oxygen, e.g. furfuryl (meth)acrylate or 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
  • C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
  • C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
  • A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
  • A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
  • A61Q1/08—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments for cheeks, e.g. rouge
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
  • A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
  • A61Q1/10—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments for eyes, e.g. eyeliner, mascara
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
  • A61Q3/02—Nail coatings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to copolymers comprising silicone macromers. More specifically, the present invention relates to copolymers providing low surface tension that are useful in cosmetic compositions.
• Polysiloxane grafted acid containing (meth)acrylate copolymers for cosmetic use are the subject of several patent applications and patents, some of which are listed below. None disclose polymers with acidic monomer contents in the 0.05 to 3% range in their examples nor do they recognize the ability of such polymers to greatly reduce interfacial tension between a basic aqueous phase and a volatile methylsiloxane fluid phase in their specifications. US 4,981,903 and 5,021,477; J. E. Garbe and S.
• Mitra to 3M disclose a composition and hair compositions, respectively, comprising a copolymer of 0.01 to 50% silicone macromer, 0.1 to 99.9% acrylic or methacrylic monomer, and 0.1 to 99.9% highly polar monomer where said highly polar monomer has at least one hydroxyl, amino, or ionic group including quaternary ammonium, carboxylate salt, and sulfonic acid salt.
• US 4,981,902; S. Mitra and J.E. Garbe to 3M disclose non-pressure sensitive adhesive compositions comprising copolymers with a Tg of at least 20° C having at least 30% methacrylic monomer, 3 to 30% polar monomer, and 3 to 30% silicone macromer.
• Mitra to 3M disclose polymer compositions of >0.1% fluorocarbon monomer, 0.01 to 30% polar monomer, 0.01 to 50% silicone macromer, and the balance aery late or methacrylate monomer and their use in topical medical compositions.
• a skin-protecting composition comprising an uncrosslinked silicone-acrylic copolymer having 1 to 15% silicone macromer, 30 to 70% of an alkyl acrylate, 0 to 30% of an alkyl methacrylate, and 5 to 45% of a carboxyl containing monomer.
• Kobayashi Kose disclose cosmetic compositions comprising an acryl-silicone graft copolymer having 5 to 66% silicone macromer with the balance being acrylate or methacrylate monomers with other compounds, including (meth)acrylic acid, optionally included.
• the present invention provides a vinylic copolymer comprising repeat units of A, B and C.
• A is is derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing an acid and is present in an amount to provide an acid content of 0.015 to 0.50 milliequivalents per gram of copolymer.
• B is 47-97.95% of the copolymer, and is derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers optionally containing modifying groups in an amount that does not substantially interfere with the solubility of the copolymer in non- water miscible organic solvents.
• C is 2-50% of the copolymer, and is derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated organosiloxane chains.
• compositions that provide these copolymers in easily handled forms, and cosmetic compositions comprising the copolymer are also provided.
• Volatile methylsiloxane (VMS) fluids including cyclomethicones (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane or D3, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane or D4, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane or D5, and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane or Dg) and linear dimethicones (hexamethyl disiloxane and oligomers containing up to four dimethylsiloxane units), are widely used in cosmetic formulations. Due to their low heat of vaporization, they evaporate without producing a cooling or stinging effect, hence find use in antiperspirants and deodorants, lipsticks, and skin care lotions.
• VMS Volatile methylsiloxane
• Silicone (meth)acrylate copolymers also provide unique benefits in cosmetic formulations which compliment those of the VMS fluids in many cases. Structurally these are vinyl polymeric backbones grafted with polydimethylsiloxane moieties and hence combine the characteristics of acrylic resins and high molecular weight dimethicones. They are film forming agents which impart faster drying times; long lasting water repellency; a soft, smooth feel; and transfer resistance to cosmetic formulations. It is desirable to incorporate both VMS fluids and silicone (meth)acrylate copolymers into cosmetic formulations.
• VMS/silicone (meth)acrylate solution can be unacceptably high at desirable loading levels, perhaps due to hydrogen bond or dipole-dipole interactions between the carboxylic acid moieties which the non- polar VMS solvent can't break up.
• Addition of a polar co-solvent, such as ethanol, can improve solubility and reduce viscosity of these polar monomer containing polymers.
• VOCs volatile organic compounds
• ionic or nonionic surfactant or a thickener is required to impart stability.
• Thickener can detract from other properties, such as spreadability for a skin cream or the ability to spray a hairspray.
• the presence of a surfactant can also have an unintended, undesirable effect on the properties of the formulation, imparting hydrophilicity which lowers moisture resistance, serving as a plasticizer, potentially introducing irritancy, and promoting corrosion of the packaging.
• (meth)acrylate copolymers does not unduly affect its solubility in VMS fluids nor the resulting viscosity, but greatly reduces the interfacial tension between the VMS solution and aqueous solutions, particularly those with a basic pH. These copolymers thus behave as surface active agents, allowing for emulsification of the two phases with little or no additional surfactant required. This is surprising in light of the disclosure in WO 93/23446 (P.M. Torgerson and A.T. Balchunas to Procter & Gamble) which teaches that from about 20% to about 80% of hydrophilic monomer is required to provide dispersibility in aqueous formulations.
• the copolymers of the present invention assist in holding water soluble dyes in color cosmetics on the skin.
• a colored lotion cosmetic of the present invention exhibits superior staying power on the skin under a running water assault as compared to like lotions with different polymer or with no polymer.
• the copolymer of the present invention is a vinylic copolymer comprising repeat units of A, B and C, wherein A provides an acid content of 0.015 to 0.50, preferably 0.02 to 0.40, milliequivalents per gram of copolymer, and is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing an acid. Acid contents below 0.015 do not show significant reduction in surface tension. Acid contents above 0.50 can cause high viscosity or poor solubility for the copolymer in D 5 solution.
• B is 47-97.95%) of the copolymer, and is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer optionally containing modifying groups in an amount that does not substantially interfere with the solubility of the copolymer in volatile methyl silicones.
• C is 2-50% of the copolymer, and is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated organosiloxane chain.
• the unit A is derived from vinylic monomers such as acrylates, methacrylates, crotonates, itaconates and the like comprising acidic functionality.
• the A units may preferably be derived from mono- or multifunctional carboxyl group containing molecules represented by the general formula:
• R 2 H, methyl, ethyl, carboxy or carboxymethyl
• d is an integer of from 1 to
• 5 and G is a bond or a hydrocarbyl radical linking group containing from 1-12 carbon atoms of valence d+1 and optionally substituted with and/or interrupted with a substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom (such as O, S, N and P).
• this unit may be provided in its salt form.
• the preferred monomers in this class are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, ⁇ -carboxyethyl acrylate and N- acryloyl glycine.
• the unit B is derived from acrylate or methacrylate or other vinyl polymerizable starting monomers and optionally contains functionalities that modulate properties such as glass transition temperature, solubility in the carrier medium, hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance and the like.
• unit B monomers include the (meth)acrylic acid esters of 1-18 carbon straight, branched or cyclic alcohols. More preferably, the B monomers include the (meth)acrylic acid esters of 2-12 carbon straight, branched or cyclic alcohols, and most preferably the 3-8 carbon straight, branched or cyclic alcohols.
• B unit monomers include styrene, vinyl esters, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acryloyl monomers and the like.
• Appropriate modifying groups that will not interfere with the solubility of the copolymer in D 5 include hydroxyl, ethers, amides and halides.
• modifying groups that may interfere with the solubility of the copolymer in D 5 if present in too large a quantity include, for example, sulfates and amines.
• the amount of such modifying groups that can be tolerated in copolymers of the present invention depends on the specific identity and ratios of the A, B and
• B may also optionally be derived from macromonomers such as those derived from styrene, ⁇ -methy styrene, vinyl toluene or methyl methacrylate.
• macromonomers such as those derived from styrene, ⁇ -methy styrene, vinyl toluene or methyl methacrylate.
• macromonomers Preferably such macromonomers have a molecular weight of 500- 100,000.
• the unit C is preferably derived from an ethylenically unsaturated preformed organosiloxane chain.
• the molecular weight of this unit is generally above 500.
• the unit C of the invention may be derived from a monomer having the general formula X(Y) consult- Si(R) -mZm wherein
• X is a vinyl group copolymerizable with the A and B monomers
• Y is a divalent linking group (e.g., alkylene, arylene, alkarylene, and aralkylene of 1 to 30 carbon atoms) and incorporating heteroatoms e.g. O, N, S, P. Examples are ester, amide, urethane, urea groups.
• n is zero or 1 ;
• m is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• R is hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g., 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methyl, ethyl, or propyl), aryl (e.g., 6 to 20 carbon atoms, phenyl or substituted phenyl), or alkoxy (preferably lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms);
• Z is a monovalent siloxane polymeric moiety having a number average molecular weight above about 500 and is essentially unreactive under copolymerization conditions;
• the preferred C monomer may be further defined as having an X group which has the general formula
• R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a COOH group and R 8 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a CH COOH group.
• the Z group of the C monomer has the general formula
• R 9 and R 11 are independently lower alkyl, aryl, or fluoroalkyl, where lower alkyl and fluoroalkyl both refer to alkyl groups having from one to three carbon atoms and where aryl refers to phenyl or substituted phenyl (of up to 20 carbon atoms).
• R 10 may be alkyl (of 1 to 20 carbon atoms),alkoxy (of 1 to 20 carbon atoms), alkylamino (of 1 to 20 carbon atoms), aryl (of up to 20 carbon atoms), hydroxyl, or fluoroalkyl (of 1 to 20 carbon atoms), and e is an integer from about 5 to about 700.
• the C monomer has a general formula selected from the group consisting of the following, where m is 1, 2, or 3, g is zero or 1, R" may be alkyl (of 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or hydrogen, f is an integer from 2 to 6, h is an integer from zero to 2, and X, R, and Z are as defined above:
• Particularly preferred polymers for use in the present invention have the composition wherein the A group is derived from mono- or multifunctional carboxyl group- containing molecules represented by the general formula:
• G is a bond or a hydrocarbyl radical linking group containing from 1-12 carbon atoms of valence d+1, or a salt thereof;
• the monomers of B are selected from the (meth)acrylic acid esters of 1-18 carbon straight, branched or cyclic alcohols and combinations thereof; and the C group is derived from a monomer of the formula
• X is a vinyl group copolymerizable with the A and B monomers; m is an integer of from 1 to 3; f is an integer from 2 to 6; g is 0 or 1 ;
• R is hydrogen or lower alkyl
• Z is a monovalent siloxane polymeric moiety having a number average molecular weight above about 500 and is essentially unreactive under copolymerization conditions.
• Monomers used to provide the C unit of this invention are terminally functional polymers having a single functional group (vinyl, ethylenically unsaturated, acryloyl, or methacryloyl group) and are sometimes termed macromonomers or "macromers". Such monomers are known and may be prepared by the method disclosed by Milkovich et al., as described in U.S. Pat.
• Free radical copolymerization of the monofunctional siloxane macromonomer with vinyl monomer or monomers provides siloxane-grafted copolymer of well-defined structure, i.e., controlled length and number of grafted siloxane branches.
• Suitable monomers for use in the above mentioned anionic polymerization are, in general, diorganocyclosiloxanes of the formula
• R 9 and R 11 are as previously defined and where e is an integer of 3 to 7.
• Preferred are the cyclic siloxanes where e is 3 or 4 and R 9 and R 1 ' are both methyl, these cyclic siloxanes being hereafter designated D 3 and D 4 , respectively.
• D 3 which is a strained ring structure, is especially preferred.
• Initiators of the anionic polymerization are chosen such that monofunctional living polymer is produced.
• Suitable initiators include alkali metal hydrocarbons such as alkyl or aryl lithium, sodium, or potassium compounds containing up to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl or aryl radical or more preferably up to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of such compounds are ethylsodium, propylsodium, phenylsodium, butylpotassium, octylpotassium, methyllithium, ethyllithium, n- butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, phenyllithium, and 2- ethylhexyllithium. Lithium compounds are preferred as initiators. Also suitable as initiators are alkali metal alkoxides, hydroxides, and amides, as well as triorganosilanolates of the formula
• R 11 where M is alkali metal, tetraalkylammonium, or tetraalkylphosphonium cation and where R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 are as previously defined.
• the preferred triorganosilanolate initiator is lithium trimethylsilanolate (LTMS).
• LTMS lithium trimethylsilanolate
• the preferred use of both strained cyclic monomer and lithium initiator reduces the likelihood of redistribution reactions and thereby provides siloxane macromonomer of narrow molecular weight distribution which is reasonably free of unwanted cyclic oligomers.
• Molecular weight is determined by the initiator/cyclic monomer ratio, and thus the amount of initiator may vary from about 0.004 to about 0.4 mole of organometallic initiator per mole of monomer. Preferably, the amount will be from about 0.008 to about 0.04 mole of initiator per mole of monomer.
• an inert, preferably polar organic solvent can be utilized.
• Anionic polymerization propagation with lithium counterion requires either a strong polar solvent such as tefrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, or hexamethylphosphorous triamide, or a mixture of such polar solvent with nonpolar aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, or toluene.
• the polar solvent serves to
• the polymerization can be carried out at a temperature ranging from about -50° C to about 100° C, preferably from about -20°C to about 30°C.
• Anhydrous conditions and an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium, or argon are required.
• Termination of the anionic polymerization is, in general, achieved via direct reaction of the living polymeric anion with halogen-containing termination agents, e.g., functionalized chlorosilanes, to produce vinyl-terminated polymeric monomers.
• halogen-containing termination agents e.g., functionalized chlorosilanes
• a preferred terminating agent is methacryloxypropyldimethylchlorosilane.
• a second preferred terminating agent is methacryloxypropyldimethylfluorosilane, the preparation of which is described in
• the termination reaction is carried out by adding a slight molar excess of the terminating agent (relative to the amount of initiator) to the living polymer at the polymerization temperature.
• the reaction mixture may be ultrasonically irradiated after addition of the terminating agent in order to enhance functionality of the macromonomer. Purification of the macromonomer can be effected by addition of methanol.
• the copolymer used in this invention is conveniently prepared by copolymerizing the starting monomer units A, B and C by standard polymerization techniques.
• the polymers of the present invention are preferably provided in non- water miscible organic solvents.
• a solvent is considered non-miscible if there is phase separation in a solution comprising one part solvent and nine parts water.
• Preferred solvents include C4 - C60 straight chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl and aromatic esters, including benzoates, octanoates, palmitates, alkyl acetates, and triglycerides; C4 - C35 straight chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl and aromatic ethers, including propoxylated and ethoxylated alcohols; cyclic and linear volatile or non- volatile silicones, such as D 5; C4 - C18 straight chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl alcohols; mineral oil; petroleum distillates and the like.
• the polymer of the present invention may be applied via solutions, suspensions, gels, pastes, emulsions, (oil-in-water, water-in-oil or multiphase systems), as a dry powder, encapsulated or any other appropriate format.
• copolymers and composition comprising the copolymers as described herein are useful in various cosmetic compositions, such as hair styling agents, shampoos, dyes, conditioners, rinses, antidandruff preparations, shaving products, hand and body lotions, gels, creams, moisturizers, sunscreen compositions, sunless tanning compositions, cleansers, foundations, toners, astringents, fresheners, masks for the skin; polishes and strengtheners for the nails; underarm deodorants and antiperspirants, bath powders, talcs, bath oils, bubble baths, and makeup products for the eyes, cheeks, and lips such as foundation, mascara, lipstick, and other such colored cosmetic products; and colognes and perfumes.
• Cosmetic compositions such as hair styling agents, shampoos, dyes, conditioners, rinses, antidandruff preparations, shaving products, hand and body lotions, gels, creams, moisturizers, sunscreen compositions, sunless tanning compositions, cleansers, foundations, toners
• Nouy ring is suspended below the air interface in a beaker containing either water (giving a "Water Solution Interfacial Tension Value.") or a 0.05 M NaOH solution
• the Basic Solution Interfacial Tension Value is less than 10 dynes/cm, and more preferably less than 6 dynes/cm.
• Low interfacial tensions provide emulsions which require less energy to create, having smaller particle size and improved stability.
• the following protocol is used to determine the increase in viscosity measurement of a Standard Cosmetic Composition upon addition of 2% of a copolymer.
• the Standard Cosmetic Composition is selected to be representative of low viscosity formulations that one may encounter in the cosmetic industry, and is an indication of lack of undesirable interactions of the copolymer in all cosmetic formulations, even those of higher viscosity. Because the Standard Cosmetic Composition is relatively low in viscosity, it is sensitive to viscosity increasing effects of additives to cosmetic formulations and provides an ability to screen additives for difficulties in handling or manufacturing.
• the Standard Cosmetic Composition without polymer has the following formula:
• the Standard Cosmetic Composition with polymer has the following formula:
• This composition has 2% of a copolymer to be evaluated added as a 23% solids solution in D 5 .
• 100% solids polymer is used at 2% the absence of D 5 is balanced by increasing the loadings of Finsolve TN and Liponate CG equally to 7.5%o.
• the steady state shear viscosities of both compositions are measured at a shear rate of 1 sec "1 by using a Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer RDA II with 25 mm diameter parallel plates at a gap of 1 mm at 23° C. The data was taken when the torque reached steady state and is expressed in Poise.
• the Standard Cosmetic Composition with copolymer has a steady state shear viscosity that is no more than 50% greater than the steady state shear viscosity of a Standard Cosmetic Composition without copolymer, more preferably no more than 25%>, and most preferably no more than 10%.
• a steady state shear viscosity that is no more than 50% greater than the steady state shear viscosity of a Standard Cosmetic Composition without copolymer, more preferably no more than 25%>, and most preferably no more than 10%.
• Example 7 Following the procedure of Example 7 in US 4,981,902: 24 g 15K Si MAC (substituted for 20K used in '902), 12 g methacrylic acid (MAA), 84 g IBMA, 0.6 g benzoyl peroxide, and 240 g EtOAc were charged into a one liter bottle then purged, sealed, and reacted as described in Example 1 to yield a 33.7% solids (101% conversion) solution. Attempts to dissolve a portion at 20% solids in D5 resulted in precipitation of a white solid.
• MAA methacrylic acid
• IBMA 84 g IBMA
• 0.6 g benzoyl peroxide 0.6 g benzoyl peroxide
• EtOAc 240 g EtOAc
• Example 3 Following the procedure of Example 3 in US 4,981,902: 28 g 15K Si MAC (substituted for 20K used in '902), 14 g AA, 98 g n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), 0.7 g benzoyl peroxide, and 326 g EtOAc were charged into a one liter bottle then purged, sealed, and reacted as described in Example 1 to yield a 27.9% solids (93% conversion) solution. Attempts to dissolve a portion at 20% solids in D5 resulted in precipitation of a white solid.
• BMA n-butyl methacrylate
• EtOAc 326 g EtOAc
• Comparative Polymer Example 5 Preparation of 69.95/0.05/30 IBMA/AA/10K Si MAC. Following the procedure described in Example 3, a terpolymer of 14 g IBMA, 6 g 10K Si MAC, and 10 milligram AA (adding 1.0 g of a solution of 199 mg AA in 19.7 g MEK) was prepared in 19 g additional MEK with 0.05 g Vazo 67 (azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile) from Dupont). Dissolving a portion at 20% solids in D5 gave a slightly hazy homogeneous solution with a viscosity of 123 centipoise after stripping the MEK.
• Vazo 67 azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile
• Comparative Polymer Example 6 Preparation of 66/4/30 IBMA/AA/10K Si MAC. Following the procedure described in Example 3, a terpolymer of 13.2 g IBMA, 0.8 g AA, and 6 g 10K Si MAC was prepared in 20 g MEK with 0.05 g Vazo 67 (azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile) from Dupont). Dissolving a portion at 20% solids in D5 gave a cloudy solution with a viscosity of 134 centipoise after stripping the MEK.
• Vazo 67 azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile
• 10K Si MAC was prepared in 20 g MEK with 0.05 g Vazo 67 (azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile) from Dupont). Dissolving a portion at 20% solids in D5 gave a cloudy solution with a viscosity of 154 centipoise after stripping the MEK.
• Vazo 67 azo bis (2-methyl butyronitrile
• Polysilicone-7 is an IBMA/2-(N- methylheptadecafluorooctylsulfonamido)ethyl acrylate/Si MAC copolymer commercially available from 3M under the trade name Silicones Plus SA-70-5. It is a 23%) solids solution of polymer in D5 and was diluted to 20% with additional
• Acrylates/Dimethicone Copolymer is a copolymer of dimethicone and one or more monomers of AA, methacrylic acid, or one of their simple esters available from Shin Etsu under the trade name KP545. It is a 30% solids solution of polymer in D5 and was diluted to 20%> with additional D5 to yield a clear homogeneous solution with a viscosity of 23 centipoise.
• PVP/Eicosene Copolymer is a 100% solids copolymer of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and eicosene available from ISP under the tradename Ganex V220. It was used as received in the Standard Cosmetic Composition.
• Portions of the polymer solutions prepared in Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 5 - 9 were poured into aluminum weighing tins and placed briefly on a hot plate at medium heat to drive off most of the solvent. The resulting polymers were dried further in a vacuum oven at 60° C and 1.4 kiloPascals vacuum for 20 hours. A one gram sample of each polymer was analytically weighed into a 100 mL jar and 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added. After shaking to dissolve, 2 g of deionized water and 0.2 g of a 0.5% phenolphthalein in tetrahydrofuran was charged.
• composition examples were prepared using the terpolymer prepared in Polymer Example 1.
• Lipstick Melt ( ⁇ 100° C) and mix the follow ingredients then pour into suitable mold.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.
• phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. Add phase C. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing. Add phase D and mix.
• Disperse the first ingredient in the second charge the next two and mix well, then charge the final ingredient and mix.
• Mascara Mix and heat to 80° C phase A and B separately. With homogenization slowly add phase B to phase A. After emulsion is formed cool to 40° C using gentle mixing.

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