WO2000019084A1 - Systeme a cellule electrochimique et vehicule utilisant ce systeme - Google Patents

Systeme a cellule electrochimique et vehicule utilisant ce systeme

Info

Publication number
WO2000019084A1
WO2000019084A1 PCT/JP1999/005279 JP9905279W WO0019084A1 WO 2000019084 A1 WO2000019084 A1 WO 2000019084A1 JP 9905279 W JP9905279 W JP 9905279W WO 0019084 A1 WO0019084 A1 WO 0019084A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reaction
fuel cell
engine
fuel
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1999/005279
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Taizo Miyazaki
Tomoyuki Haniu
Ryoso Masaki
Original Assignee
Hitachi, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi, Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi, Ltd.
Priority to KR1020017003554A priority Critical patent/KR20010075224A/ko
Priority to DE19983564T priority patent/DE19983564T1/de
Publication of WO2000019084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000019084A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a general energy generating device, and is particularly effective for a system having an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell for reformer and power generation. It relates to an internal combustion engine that has the function of a reformer and actively uses explosive energy that could not be used in conventional reformers. This system improves the fuel reforming efficiency of the fuel cell system and the overall system efficiency by increasing the heat balance.
  • the present invention is particularly an object to obtain mechanical power as an output, and is particularly effective when applied to an object requiring a small and highly efficient system, particularly when applied to a vehicle. Background art
  • Fuel cells extract energy from fuel without using combustion and emit only water, which has attracted attention as a high-efficiency prime mover. It is difficult to mount on vehicles that need to be lightweight. Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a compound containing hydrogen such as methanol is mounted on a vehicle and reformed into hydrogen in the vehicle.
  • the fuel reforming method uses a method in which heat is applied from the outside and the reaction rate is increased using a catalyst.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 9-313580 discloses a system for supplying the heat required for steam reforming using the reaction heat of the oxidation reaction of methanol. Disclosure of the invention
  • conventional fuel reformers use catalysts and react at relatively low temperatures, making it difficult to use explosive thermal energy in forms other than self-heating.
  • the present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned problems, and uses an internal combustion engine as a reformer in order to effectively use heat generated due to a reforming reaction, and uses the heat energy of the system. This is to improve the reforming efficiency by heating the intake air using the heat. This makes it possible to supply a highly efficient fuel cell system. In addition, since a special catalyst is not used, there is an advantage that there is little change in the reforming efficiency due to aging.
  • the present invention provides an energy generating apparatus comprising: one or more first-stage reaction units that generate a reaction product by inputting a raw material; and a second-stage reaction unit that generates energy by using the reaction product as an input.
  • the reaction means may generate the reaction product by inputting mechanical power from outside, or may output mechanical power generated by a chemical reaction in the pre-reaction means to the outside. And features.
  • At least one of the first-stage reaction means inputs the raw material and the mechanical power to generate a reaction product having a higher chemical energy than the raw material. It is characterized by.
  • the present invention is preferably characterized in that at least one of the first-stage reaction means generates a reaction product having a different combustion property from the raw material.
  • the first-stage reaction unit has a reaction composition control unit for controlling a composition ratio of a reaction product or a reaction product, and is connected to a reaction product output port of the first-stage reaction unit.
  • the root pipe is branched into two or more transfer pipes, at least one of the transfer pipes is connected to the post-stage reaction means, the energy generator has a use pipe selection means, and the use pipe selection means is The transfer pipe used by using information from the reaction composition control means It is characterized by switching between.
  • the present invention is preferably characterized in that the first-stage reaction means has an energy conversion means for converting electric energy into mechanical power or mechanical energy into electric energy.
  • the present invention is preferably characterized in that the first-stage reaction unit and the second-stage reaction unit are joined by a heat transfer unit.
  • the first-stage reaction unit is a heat engine
  • the second-stage reaction unit is a fuel cell
  • the heat engine has a water supply means, and the heat engine performs the first-stage reaction in a steam atmosphere using water supplied by the water supply means. It is characterized by.
  • the heat engine is an internal combustion engine
  • the internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection valve
  • the reaction composition control means controls an amount of fuel injected from the fuel injection valve.
  • the heat engine is an internal combustion engine
  • the internal combustion engine has a variable drive valve
  • the reaction composition control means changes the opening / closing timing of the variable drive valve. It is characterized by controlling the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine.
  • the heat engine has a period in which mechanical power is generated, and the heat engine supplies compressed air to the fuel cell using the mechanical power.
  • the heat engine has a period in which one or both of a reforming reaction for generating fuel to be supplied to a fuel cell and a mechanical power generation reaction are performed, and the energy generating device includes Low-temperature heat transfer means for heating a raw material to be input to the heat engine using generated heat accompanying power generation of a battery; or It is characterized by having high-temperature heat transfer means for heating the raw material to be supplied to the heat engine by the exhaust heat of the heat engine itself.
  • the energy generating device includes a heating unit that heats a raw material to be supplied to the heat engine, and the energy generating device includes a fuel selection unit between the heat engine and a fuel cell.
  • the fuel selection means selects reaction fuel supplied to a fuel cell and heating fuel supplied to the heating means, and the heating means uses the heating fuel as fuel for the heating means.
  • the energy generating device has a heating unit for heating a raw material to be supplied to the heat engine, the energy generating device includes a fuel recovery unit at a fuel cell reaction product outlet, The heating means uses unreacted substances in the fuel cell recovered by the fuel recovery means as the fuel for the heating means.
  • the internal combustion engine has an intake pipe for conveying a raw material, a distance along the heating means and the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine is L 1, and the high-temperature heat transfer means and Assuming that the distance along the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine is L2 and the distance along the low-temperature heat transfer means and the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine is L3, L1 ⁇ L2 and L3.
  • the heating means heats the input material to a target temperature indicated by the temperature management means, so that unreacted components from the fuel cell and effluent from the fuel selection means are supplied. It is characterized by controlling the amount of heat supplied by changing the ratio.
  • the heat engine is an internal combustion engine
  • the energy-generating device has a heat transfer means or a heating means
  • the heat transfer means transfers heat generated by the fuel cell to the heat engine.
  • the heat generated by the heat engine is transmitted to a fuel cell
  • the heating means heats a raw material to be supplied to the internal combustion engine
  • the apparatus has temperature control means for the heat engine and the fuel cell, and the temperature control means controls the temperature of the reaction chamber immediately before ignition of the internal combustion engine to be equal to or higher than the self-ignition temperature of the raw material in the reaction chamber atmosphere.
  • the amount of heat and the amount of fuel supplied to the heat transfer unit and the heating unit are controlled, and the temperature management unit is configured to transfer the temperature of the fuel supplied to the fuel cell to the operating temperature of the fuel cell. It is characterized in that the amount of heat and the amount of fuel supplied to the heating means and the heating means are controlled.
  • the temperature management means has an internal combustion engine control means for controlling the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine control means receives intake raw material temperature information sent from the temperature management means,
  • the internal combustion engine control means uses any one of information of an equivalence ratio, a compression ratio, a compression history, a cooling water temperature, a lubricating oil temperature, a lubricating oil pressure, an intake flow rate, and a compression speed to generate the amount of fuel to be supplied to the fuel cell. It is characterized by controlling
  • the present invention is preferably a vehicle having an energy generator mounted thereon, wherein the vehicle has a motor for converting electric power obtained from the fuel cell into mechanical power, and an output of the motor.
  • the shaft and a mechanical power output shaft of the heat engine are connected to the axle via a mechanical transmission element.
  • the present invention is preferably a vehicle having an energy generating device mounted thereon, wherein the vehicle has a power storage unit for storing DC power obtained from the fuel cell, and a mechanical power output shaft of the heat engine is AC power that is connected to a generator and obtained by the generator is converted to DC power by AC power conversion means and stored in the power storage means, and the vehicle uses the power stored in the power storage means. And a motor for driving the vehicle, wherein the output shaft of the motor is connected to the axle via a mechanical transmission element.
  • the present invention is preferably arranged such that the vehicle receives the driver's command signal, vehicle information, and the internal state of the fuel cell as input, and controls the reaction composition control means and the generator And energy management means for controlling the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural example of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a configuration of the temperature management means of the reforming engine.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a configuration of a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a configuration example of an energy generation device using an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an example of a configuration of the energy generating apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a configuration example of an energy generating apparatus using an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a configuration example of an energy generation device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an example of a configuration of the energy generating device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural example of an energy generating apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural example of an energy generating device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a configuration example of an energy generation device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a structural example of an energy generating device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural example of a fuel cell tower-mounted vehicle according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the reforming engine.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of the configuration of the water recovery means.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of the configuration of energy management means.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of the configuration of the rotation speed correcting means.
  • FIG. 18 is a structural example of a fuel cell tower-mounted vehicle according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a vehicle equipped with an energy generation device according to the present invention.
  • 9 1 is the drive shaft of the vehicle.
  • Reference numeral 92 denotes a reforming engine using an internal combustion engine, which is a feature of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 93 denotes a fuel cell, which generates DC power by supplying fuel such as hydrogen obtained by the reforming engine 92 to the fuel electrode and oxidant such as air to the air electrode.
  • this system is a reforming engine in which the first reactor is a reformer / internal combustion engine, and an energy generator in which the second reactor is a fuel cell.
  • the internal combustion engine refers to an engine in which combustion gas is a working fluid, and includes a reciprocating engine, a low-pressure gas engine, a gas turbine, a jet engine, and the like. This time, we assumed a reciprocating engine as an example.
  • the reforming engine in this text refers to one that generates both reformed fuel and mechanical power by the reforming reaction, or one that performs the reforming process using mechanical power.
  • the reforming engine 92 is composed of a plurality of cylinders, each of which has a reaction chamber for reforming a raw material. Further, the reforming engine 92 has means for pumping air to be supplied to the air electrode of the fuel cell.
  • the raw material is methane and the reaction product is hydrogen
  • the higher the temperature the more the fuel reforming reaction is promoted.
  • the amount of generated hydrogen is increased and at the same time the mechanical temperature is increased. It is also characterized by generating power.
  • since a special catalyst is not used it is not related to the deterioration of the reforming efficiency due to aging and the incapacity time during cold start.
  • an exothermic reaction is usually selected for at least one cylinder.
  • the raw material is heated using this exothermic reaction.
  • the details will be described later. Since the reforming engine 92 is composed of a plurality of cylinders, operation is possible as long as at least one cylinder generates an output sufficient to cover the compression stroke of the remaining cylinders.
  • the reforming of this configuration It is assumed that the engine 92 uses mechanical power generated by itself as a power source for sending the reformed fuel to the fuel cell 93.
  • Numeral 94 denotes a fuel selection means, which classifies the emissions from the reforming engine 92 into components supplied to the fuel cell 94 and other components.
  • the reaction product supplied to the fuel cell is referred to as fuel, and components other than the fuel component are referred to as unreacted raw materials.
  • Reference numeral 95 denotes a generator / motor, which is mechanically connected to the reforming engine 92. When mechanical power is generated from the reforming engine 92, it works as a generator, and when there is a request for mechanical power from the reforming engine 92, it works as a motor.
  • Reference numeral 96 denotes an energy conversion means for converting mechanical power from the reforming engine 92 into electric power or supplying mechanical power to the reforming engine 92, and usually generates and outputs power. Use a motor capable of
  • Reference numeral 97 denotes a motor driving means, which is a device for driving the motor using the fuel cell 93 and the electric energy from the energy conversion means 96, for example, a secondary battery, a converter. , And overnight.
  • Reference numeral 98 denotes a motor.
  • an AC motor such as an induction motor, a synchronous motor, or a reluctance motor is used because of its ruggedness and high efficiency.
  • the present invention is characterized in that, as a measure for raising the temperature in the reaction chamber, the intake raw material is heated to increase the inlet temperature of the reforming engine 92.
  • the following describes the means for heating the input raw materials by using the waste heat and unreacted components of the system.
  • Reference numeral 9 9 denotes a low-temperature heat transfer device, which is a heat exchanger, for heating the raw material to be supplied to the reforming engine 92 by using waste heat from the fuel cell 93. Since the waste heat of the fuel cell is lower than that of the reforming engine, which is an internal combustion engine, it is called low temperature here.
  • 100 is a heat control valve, and the low-temperature heat transfer device 9 9 is heat control The amount of heat supplied can be controlled by adjusting the valve 100.
  • the structure has a pipe through which the heat transfer medium flows.
  • the structure may be such that the intake pipe of the reforming engine 92 is provided on the outer wall surface of the fuel cell 93. This configuration has a feature that the use of the heat transfer medium of the low-temperature heat transfer device 99 can be reduced.
  • Reference numeral 101 denotes a high-temperature heat transfer device, which is a heat exchanger, which heats a raw material supplied to the reforming engine 92 by using waste heat from the reforming engine 92.
  • Reference numeral 102 denotes a heat control valve, and the high-temperature heat transfer device 101 can control the heat supply by adjusting the heat control valve 102.
  • the use of the heat transfer medium of the high-temperature heat transfer device 101 is reduced by installing the intake pipe of the reforming engine 92 on the outer wall of the reforming engine 92. Configurations are also possible.
  • Reference numeral 103 denotes a heating device that uses the unreacted raw material classified by the fuel selection means 94 as fuel and heats the raw material to be supplied to the reforming engine 92.
  • the heating device 103 comprises a combustor and a heat transfer device.
  • Numeral 104 denotes an unreacted raw material supply amount adjusting valve, and the heating device 103 adjusts the supply amount adjusting valve 104 so as to control the supply amount of the unreacted raw material. Bring the temperature closer to the target value.
  • Reference numeral 105 denotes an unreacted fuel supply amount adjusting valve.
  • the heating device 103 also uses unreacted components of the fuel cell 93 as heating fuel.
  • the heating device 103 has the characteristic that the supply amounts of the unreacted raw material and the unreacted fuel having different flame temperatures can be controlled independently, and the supply heat amount can be precisely controlled.
  • Reference numeral 106 denotes a temperature control means for controlling the temperature of each device of the fuel cell system.
  • Reference numeral 107 denotes a reforming engine intake air temperature measuring means for measuring the intake air temperature of the reforming engine.
  • Reference numeral 108 denotes an internal combustion engine controller, which controls each reaction chamber of the reforming engine. Of the reaction, for example, the ignition timing, the equivalence ratio, and the compression ratio.
  • Reference numeral 109 denotes an energy management means, which generates a command signal for each component according to a driver command and vehicle information.
  • the fuel cell system configured as shown in Fig. 1 has the following features.
  • the waste heat of the system can be used effectively. Since this system has a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine, there are a plurality of heat sources and heated fuel. By using these heat sources and heated fuel for heating the raw material of the reforming engine 92, the amount of generated hydrogen is increased. The raw material is gradually heated from a low heat source temperature.
  • the distance between the intake pipes between the reforming engine 92 and the heating device 103 is L 1
  • the distance between the reforming engine 92 and the high-temperature heat transfer device 101 is L 2.
  • the intake pipe distance between 2 and the low-temperature heat transfer device 99 is L 3
  • the relationship L 1 ⁇ L 2 ⁇ L 3 is established.
  • the heat balance of each component is monitored and controlled, the operating temperatures of the fuel cell 93 and the reforming engine 92 are easily managed. Furthermore, since the output of the entire system can be estimated from the reaction fuel discharge amount and the mechanical output of the reforming engine 92, the output characteristics of the system can be reduced by managing the reforming engine 92. Can control. In addition, since it is equipped with energy conversion means 94 that converts the mechanical output from the reforming engine 92 into electric energy, it runs as a series hybrid vehicle even if the fuel cell fails. It is possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the details of the temperature control means.
  • the temperature management means 10 the temperature management means 10
  • 6 is composed of six control means.
  • the amount of hydrogen generated by the reforming engine depends on the temperature inside the reaction chamber. To increase the temperature in the reaction chamber, it is effective to control the intake air temperature. Also, considering the mechanical properties of the reforming engine, we want to use the explosion energy associated with the reforming reaction immediately after top dead center. It is necessary to raise the reaction chamber temperature at the point above the self-ignition temperature of the reaction fuel, induce an instantaneous explosion, and immediately terminate the reforming reaction. Furthermore, as the temperature in the reaction chamber of the reforming engine rises, the temperature of the fuel supplied to the fuel cell also rises, and may rise above the operating temperature range of the fuel cell. Hereinafter, the temperature management means will be described.
  • Reference numeral 1 1 1 denotes an internal combustion engine intake air temperature control means.
  • the intake air temperature information T int of the reforming engine 92 and the reformer operation information of the internal combustion engine control device 108 for example, the equivalence ratio ⁇ , the maximum ultimate pressure P ma X, rotation speed Ne, etc., and obtain the intake temperature control command T int — h * to the high-temperature heat transfer system control means, the intake temperature control command T int — ref * to the heating device control means, and reforming Generates an engine operation control command we *. Since the temperature management means and the engine control device are independent, the internal combustion engine control device can use the conventional engine control device, and the operation control command ⁇ * is no different from the conventional engine control command. May be. In addition, the cost can be reduced by using the conventional engine control device.
  • Numeral 1 1 2 is a fuel cell operating temperature control means, which obtains operating temperature information of the fuel cell 93, such as operating temperature T f C , power generation efficiency 7? Fc, and battery internal humidity ⁇ f C, etc. It monitors whether the battery is kept at the proper operating temperature, and also controls the intake temperature control command T int — 1 * to the low-temperature heat transfer system control means, and the intake temperature control command T int — f to the heating device control means. Occurs.
  • Reference numeral 1 13 denotes a high-temperature heat transfer system control means, which includes heat quantity information Q h supplied from the high-temperature heat transfer device 101 and an intake temperature control command T int — h ⁇ from the internal combustion engine intake temperature control means 111.
  • the manipulated variable r 102 is given to the calorific value control valve 102.
  • Reference numeral 114 denotes heating device control means, which is an intake temperature control command T int — ref * from the internal combustion engine intake temperature control means 111, and an intake temperature control command T from the fuel cell operating temperature control means 112. int — fc *, and heating device 1
  • T ft the heating temperature information
  • the operation amounts r 104 and r 105 are given to the unreacted raw material supply amount adjustment valve 104 and the unreacted fuel supply amount adjustment valve 105.
  • Reference numeral 1 15 denotes a low-temperature system control means, which supplies heat quantity information Q 1 from the low-temperature heat transfer device 99 and an intake air temperature control command T int — h * from the fuel cell operating temperature control means 111. Then, the manipulated variable r100 is given to the heat control valve 100.
  • Reference numeral 116 denotes system cooling system control means, which normally receives intake temperature information T int and operating temperature Tfc, and generates a system cooling system control command T el *. There is no problem in using a conventional cooling system.
  • the system cooling system control means 1 16 operates a control valve to shut off heat when any of the reforming engine 92, the fuel cell 93, and the intake temperature of the reforming engine 92 abnormally rises. It has a function to do.
  • Reference numeral 117 denotes temperature information general management means, which compares the temperature information of each component with a command from the energy management means 109 to obtain the internal combustion engine intake temperature control means 111 and the fuel
  • the operation commands R ref, R fc, and R cl are given to the battery operating temperature control means 1 1 2 and the system cooling system control means.
  • the control means of FIG. 2 operates as follows.
  • the energy management means 109 When vehicle driving energy is required, the energy management means 109 generates a command signal to increase the reaction products to the temperature information general management means 117.
  • the temperature information general management means 1 17 obtains the operating information and the intake air temperature information of the reforming engine 92 from the internal combustion engine intake air temperature control means 1 1 1, sets the target intake air temperature, and heats with excellent temperature response. Either increase the amount of heated fuel supplied to the system or increase the proportion of fuel supplied with high combustion temperature. Subsequently, when the amount of heat exhausted from the reforming engine is stabilized, the temperature management means 106 reduces the amount of fuel supplied to the heating device and stabilizes the intake air temperature at the target value.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a vehicle equipped with an energy generation device according to the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 12 1 denotes speed control means for mechanically shifting the mechanical power from the reforming engine 92.
  • 1 2 2 is a driving force control means for driving the driving force transmitted to the driving shaft 91 to the mechanical driving force from the speed control means 122 and the electric driving force from the motor 98. Control the power distribution.
  • FIG. 4 shows, as an embodiment of the energy generating device of the present invention, a case where the energy generating device is an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders.
  • 11 to 14 are reaction rooms.
  • 15 is a piston
  • 16 is an output shaft
  • 17 is a rod connecting the output shaft and the piston.
  • Reference numeral 18 denotes a balance shaft for reducing fluctuations of each of the toners in the reaction chambers 11 to 14.
  • piston 19 and rod 20 in reaction chamber 13, piston 21 and rod 22, and in reaction chamber 14, piston 23 And rod 24 are provided.
  • the reaction chambers 11 and 13 are a reforming reaction involving heat generation and the reaction chambers 12 and 14 are a reforming reaction involving endotherm will be described.
  • the feedstock is methanol and oxygen.
  • heat is generated by the exothermic reaction, and the combustion gases, which are working fluids, push down the pistons 15 and 21 and mechanically pass through rods 17 and 22.
  • Power is generated on the output shaft 16.
  • reaction products whose main components are unreacted methanol, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are generated.
  • the reaction products generated in the reaction chambers 11 and 13 are supplied to the reaction chambers 12 and 14.
  • the mechanical power generated in the reaction chambers 11 and 13 becomes the power for pushing up the screws 19 and 23 via the output shaft 16, and performs the compression work in the reaction chambers 12 and 14.
  • a high-pressure and high-temperature field occurs, and a reforming reaction involving endotherm is performed.
  • the following reaction which is a reaction between unreacted methanol of the reaction product and steam, occurs.
  • CH 3 0 H + H 20 C 02 + 3 H 2-13 lk J / mol ...
  • the reaction of equation (1) is called steam reforming, and 1 mol of methanol produces 3 mo 1 of hydrogen I do. If the amount of unreacted methanol is small, install a fuel supply system in the reaction chambers 12 and 14.
  • the mechanical power generated in the reaction chambers 11 and 13 is equal to or greater than the compression work in the reaction chambers 12 and 14, it is output to the outside via the output shaft.
  • this energy generating device is mounted on a vehicle, the reaction that produces methanol as fuel using the deceleration energy of the vehicle is performed.
  • the reformer / internal combustion engine system having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 has the following features.
  • partial oxidation and steam reforming or combined reforming can be performed by a single internal combustion engine, supplying heat and hydrogen and supplying power. Becomes possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as an embodiment of the energy generating apparatus of the present invention, a case where air is pumped to a fuel cell using exhaust energy from an internal combustion engine.
  • 13 1 is a compression device, and the compression device 13 1 has two evening bins, and two turbines are arranged on one shaft and connected by a mechanical shaft.
  • the compression device 13 1 is located in the middle of the pipe that supplies the reaction product produced by the reforming engine 92 to the fuel cell 93, and the other turbine is located in the pipe that sends air to the fuel cell. Have been.
  • the compression device 13 1 uses the exhaust energy of the reforming engine 92 to rotate the evening bin on the exhaust side, and sends the air to the fuel cell by the evening bin on the air side that is turned by the reaction force.
  • FIG. 6 shows a case where air is pumped from a cylinder of an internal combustion engine to a fuel cell as an embodiment of the energy generating apparatus of the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 141 denotes a cylinder constituting the reforming engine, which is used as a cylinder for pumping air to the fuel cell.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 14 1 sucks only air and sends air to the fuel cell using mechanical power generated by another cylinder having a reaction chamber 12 for performing a reforming reaction.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the energy generating apparatus of the present invention.
  • Energy generators produce reaction products with high chemical energy by inputting raw materials and mechanical power.
  • 3 1 is the energy generating device of the present invention
  • 3 2 is the input raw material
  • 3 3 is the input mechanical power
  • 3 4 is the reaction product generated by the energy-generating device.
  • a reaction for producing hydrogen from methanol using the raw material 32 as methanol and the reaction product 34 as hydrogen will be described.
  • mechanical power 33 By applying mechanical power 33 to methanol in a steam atmosphere, a high-temperature and high-pressure field is realized, and the steam reforming reaction that generates hydrogen represented by the reaction formula (1) is promoted.
  • the reaction of equation (1) is an endothermic reaction and is accelerated at an ambient temperature of 500 K or more.
  • the energy generator inputs the raw material 32 and the mechanical power 33 to generate a reaction product 34 having a combustion characteristic different from that of the raw material 32.
  • a reaction for producing dimethyl ether (hereinafter DME) from methanol will be described.
  • mechanical force 33 is applied from the outside to realize a high-temperature, high-pressure field, and the following reactions are performed.
  • DME It is also possible to generate DME from the reaction of equation (3). Compare the sunset value as an indicator of the combustion properties of methanol and DME. Sunset value Is an index indicating ignitability. Since the cetane number of methanol is 5 and the DME is 55 to 60, the energy generation device of the present invention allows the raw material methanol to react with different combustion characteristics by the energy generator of the present invention. It can be reformed into DME, which is a material. Here, there is no problem with the combustion characteristics such as the self-ignition temperature, the flame propagation speed, and the octane number.
  • Fig. 8 shows an energy generator equipped with an energy generator that generates reaction products by inputting raw materials and mechanical power as a pre-reactor, and a post-reactor that inputs reaction products and generates energy.
  • Reference numeral 41 denotes a first-stage reactor
  • 42 denotes a second-stage reactor
  • Reference numeral 43 denotes a raw material to be charged into the first-stage reactor 41
  • 44 denotes mechanical power supplied to the first-stage reactor 41.
  • Reference numeral 45 denotes a reaction product generated by the first reactor 41
  • 46 denotes energy generated by the second reactor 42.
  • the first-stage reactor 41 is a compression engine and the second-stage reactor 42 is a fuel cell will be described.
  • Raw material 41 is methanol and steam.
  • the reaction of the formula (1) is promoted, and the reaction product 45 is obtained. Hydrogen is produced. Hydrogen, a reaction product 45, is supplied to the fuel cell to generate energy 46.
  • Fig. 9 shows an example of an energy generator that has an energy generator that generates mechanical power and reaction products by inputting raw materials, and a latter reactor that generates energy by inputting the reaction products.
  • Reference numeral 51 denotes a first-stage reactor
  • 52 denotes a second-stage reactor
  • 53 is a raw material to be charged into the first-stage reactor 51
  • 54 is excitation means for supplying the first-stage reactor 51 with a trigger for the reaction.
  • Reference numeral 55 denotes mechanical power generated by the pre-reactor 51
  • reference numeral 56 denotes a reaction product generated by the pre-reactor 51.
  • 57 is the energy generated by the latter reactor 52.
  • an expansion engine is used as the first reactor 51 and a fuel cell is used as the second reactor 52 will be described.
  • Raw material 53 is methanol and oxygen.
  • the partial oxidation reaction of (4) is promoted. Since the reaction of equation (4) is exothermic, it is possible to perform expansion work and compression work of the compression expansion engine, and to generate mechanical power to the outside. Hydrogen generated as a reaction product 55 is supplied to the fuel cell, and generates energy 57.
  • Fig. 10 shows an energy generator having a first-stage reactor for inputting raw materials and mechanical power to generate a reaction product and mechanical power, and a second-stage reactor for generating energy by inputting the reaction product.
  • An example of the generator is shown below.
  • 61 is a first-stage reactor
  • 62 is a second-stage reactor.
  • Reference numeral 63 denotes a raw material to be supplied to the pre-reactor 61
  • reference numeral 64 denotes a mechanical power supplied to the pre-reactor 61.
  • Reference numeral 65 denotes mechanical power generated by the pre-reactor 61
  • reference numeral 66 denotes a reaction product generated by the pre-reactor 61.
  • Reference numeral 67 denotes energy generated by the second-stage reactor 62.
  • the first-stage reactor 61 is a compression-expansion engine and the second-stage reactor 62 is a fuel cell will be described.
  • Raw material 63 is methanol and oxygen.
  • the state in the reaction chamber of the compression / expansion engine is made richer than the stoichiometric ratio and compression work is applied by mechanical power 64 to realize a high-pressure high-temperature field, the reaction of equation (3) becomes Promoted. Since the reaction of equation (3) is exothermic, the expansion work of the compression-expansion engine and the compression work are performed. It is possible to generate mechanical power 65 to the outside. Hydrogen generated as a reaction product 66 is supplied to the fuel cell to generate energy 67.
  • Fig. 11 shows a first-stage reactor having either a mechanical power generation, an input, or a period during which the power is generated when a raw material is input to generate a reaction product;
  • An example of an energy generator having a post-reactor that generates energy by inputting a product will be described.
  • 7 1 is a first-stage reactor
  • 7 2 is a second-stage reactor.
  • Reference numeral 73 denotes a raw material to be supplied to the first-stage reactor 51
  • reference numeral 74 denotes mechanical power supplied to the first-stage reactor 71.
  • Reference numeral 75 denotes mechanical power generated by the pre-reactor 71
  • reference numeral 76 denotes a reaction product generated by the pre-reactor 71.
  • Reference numeral 77 denotes a switch for adjusting the mechanical power supplied to the pre-reactor 71
  • reference numeral 78 denotes a switch for adjusting the mechanical power generated from the pre-reactor 71.
  • Reference numeral 79 denotes energy generated by the second-stage reactor 72.
  • the compression / expansion engine heats the fuel cell using the heat released while sacrificing some hydrogen production. After the fuel cell reaches the operating temperature, the operation shifts to the operation that emphasizes the amount of hydrogen generated.
  • the reaction mode in the reaction chamber of the compression / expansion engine undergoes a partial oxidation reaction of formula (1), which is an exothermic reaction during cold start, and the fuel cell operates at the operating temperature After that, the steam reforming reaction of the formula (2) is performed.
  • the switch 77 operates to increase the supply of the mechanical power 74 to the upstream reactor 71, and the switch 78 stops the generation of the mechanical power 75 from the upstream reactor 71. Work in the direction you want to. In the meantime, the latter reactor 72 generates energy 79 by using hydrogen, which is the reaction product 76 from the former reactor 71. You.
  • Fig. 12 shows a pre-reactor with a device that generates reaction products by inputting raw materials and mechanical power, and a pre-reactor that generates mechanical power and reaction products by inputting raw materials.
  • Reference numeral 81 denotes a pre-reactor, which is a device for inputting raw materials and generating mechanical power and reaction products
  • reference numeral 82 denotes a device for generating reaction products by inputting raw materials and mechanical power
  • 83 is a post-reactor.
  • Reference numeral 84 denotes a raw material to be supplied to the pre-reactor 81
  • reference numeral 85 denotes excitation means for supplying a trigger for the reaction of the pre-reactor 81.
  • Reference numeral 86 denotes mechanical power generated from the first-stage reactor 81 and supplied to the first-stage reactor 82
  • 87 represents a reaction generated from the first-stage reactor 81 and supplied to the first-stage reactor 82.
  • the product 88 is a reaction product generated from the first-stage reactor 82.
  • 8 9 is the energy generated by the latter reactor.
  • the first-stage reactor 81 is a compression-expansion engine
  • the first-stage reactor 82 is a compression engine
  • the second-stage reactor 83 is a fuel cell.
  • Raw material 84 is methanol and oxygen.
  • the partial oxidation reaction of the formula (1) is performed, and a mechanical power 86 and a reaction product 85 are generated.
  • the reaction product 85 is a major component such as unreacted methanol, hydrogen, steam, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
  • the reaction product 85 charged into the first-stage reactor 62 is driven by the mechanical power 86 by the steam reforming reaction of the formula (2), which is the reaction between methanol and steam, or the formula (2)
  • the compound reforming reaction in which 1) and formula (2) are mixed is promoted. Since this system has equations (1) and (2), both heat and hydrogen can be stably supplied to the fuel cell.
  • a device that generates reaction products by inputting raw materials and mechanical power as a pre-reactor, and generates mechanical power and reaction products by inputting raw materials
  • the equipment was taken up, there is no difference in using a reactor that generates mechanical power and reaction products by inputting raw materials and mechanical power as a first-stage reactor.
  • the arrangement of the various pre-stage reactors does not matter even if they are not in series, and the number of the various pre-stage reactors may be two or more.
  • An embodiment of the present invention has been described above, and an energy generating apparatus having a first-stage reactor and a second-stage reactor and a vehicle equipped with the energy generating device have been described.
  • the heating fuel for heating the raw material supplied to the first-stage reactor has been described for the unreacted components, but there is no problem in using the raw material and the reaction product.
  • the pre-reactor may be an external combustion engine or the like.
  • the heat source for heating the raw material via the heat transfer means has been described for the reforming engine and the fuel cell.
  • the motor drive means such as motor, inverter, and secondary batteries, and the mechanical load are used as heat sources. That doesn't hurt anything.
  • the fuel cell is taken up as an example of the latter reactor, the latter may be a heat engine, a light emitting device, an acoustic device, or the like.
  • the present invention can be applied not only to automobiles but also to other transportation organizations such as ships and railway vehicles, chemical plants, power generation facilities and the like.
  • FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
  • 2 1 1 is the drive shaft of the vehicle.
  • Reference numeral 212 denotes a reforming engine that is a feature of the present invention, and generates hydrogen, heat, and mechanical power by partially oxidizing methanol with atmospheric oxygen.
  • the term reforming engine refers to reforming A substance that can generate both hydrogen and mechanical power through a reaction. The detailed description of the reforming engine 212 will be described later.
  • Reference numeral 213 denotes a fuel cell, which generates DC power by supplying hydrogen obtained from the reforming engine 2 12 to the fuel electrode. Further, the fuel cell 2 13 receives the heat generated from the reforming engine 2 12, thereby enabling a quick transition to an efficient reaction temperature.
  • Reference numeral 214 denotes a generator, which converts mechanical power generated by the reforming engine 212 into electrical energy.
  • Reference numeral 215 denotes an AC power conversion means for converting AC power obtained by the generator 214 into DC power. Note that the AC power conversion means is generally equivalent to a converter called a converter.
  • Reference numeral 216 denotes a power storage means, which generally uses a secondary battery such as a nickel-metal hydride battery or a lithium battery, or a capacitor bank or an electric double layer capacitor. Electric power obtained from the fuel cell 2 13 and the generator 2 14 is stored in the electric storage means 2 16.
  • a secondary battery such as a nickel-metal hydride battery or a lithium battery
  • a capacitor bank or an electric double layer capacitor Electric power obtained from the fuel cell 2 13 and the generator 2 14 is stored in the electric storage means 2 16.
  • Reference numeral 217 denotes DC power conversion means, which is equivalent to what is generally called inverter.
  • Reference numeral 218 denotes a motor.
  • an AC motor such as an induction motor, a synchronous motor, and a reluctance motor is used because of its robustness and high efficiency.
  • the DC power conversion means 2 17 is provided for driving the AC motor 2 18.
  • An energy management means 219 generates a command signal for each component according to a driver command such as an accelerator opening and vehicle information such as a vehicle speed. Since this system has two parallel means, the fuel cell 2 13 and the generator 2 14, as the energy source of the motor 2 18, it is necessary to determine the optimal power generation rate according to the operating state. Energy management means 2 19 are provided.
  • the fuel cell system configured as shown in Fig. 13 has the following features. First, since it has an electric energy generation means separately from the fuel cell, power can be supplied even when the fuel cell temperature is low, such as during startup. Next, since the reforming engine 2 1 2 has the function of integrating the reformer that supplies hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell and the engine that supplies mechanical power to the generator, the reformer 2 The system volume can be made smaller than when.
  • reference numeral 22 1 denotes a reaction chamber
  • 22 2 denotes a piston
  • 22 3 denotes a crank
  • 22 4 denotes a mechanical output shaft.
  • the reforming engine 221 performs a reforming reaction, an exothermic reaction, or both in the reaction chamber 221.
  • the reforming reaction refers to a reaction that produces hydrogen using a compound containing hydrogen as a raw material
  • the exothermic reaction refers to a reaction that generates heat during the reaction.
  • methane, methanol, DME (dimethyl ether) and the like are used as raw materials for the reforming reaction, but the present invention is not limited to a specific fuel.
  • the behavior when methanol is used as a raw material will be described.
  • the piston 22 is provided with a cylinder-shaped reaction chamber 22 1 so as to be able to reciprocate freely, and the piston 22 2 is connected to the crank 22 3 by a connector. It is attached.
  • the reciprocating motion of the piston 222 is converted into a rotary motion in a crank 222, and the rotary motion is extracted from a mechanical output shaft 222.
  • 2 25 is the inlet
  • 2 26 is the fuel injector
  • 2 27 is the fuel pipe
  • 2 28 is the scavenging port
  • 2 229 is the water injector.
  • 2 3 0 is the intake valve
  • 2 3 1 is the exhaust valve
  • 2 32 are spark plugs.
  • the reforming engine 2 12 sucks outside air from the intake port 2 25 and compresses the outside air in the reaction chamber 2 2 1. Methanol is ejected from the fuel injection valve 222 near the top dead center of the piston 222, and the mixture of the methanol and the inhaled outside air is ignited and reacted by the spark plug 2332. I do.
  • the embodiment in which the ignition plug 232 is used as the reaction start means in a similar manner to the configuration of a conventional fuel engine is shown, but instead of the ignition by the ignition plug 232 as the reaction start means, Means for performing a reforming reaction by using heat of compression for reforming, or means for performing reforming with a catalyst or a wrench can also be used.
  • the means for starting the reaction is selected in consideration of the efficiency of hydrogen generation and the ease of temperature control. Further, two or more reaction initiation means may be provided.
  • Reaction products are scavenged from the scavenging port 228. Since these reaction processes are equivalent to a four-cycle engine, detailed description is omitted.
  • Numeral 233 denotes a reformed gas delivery pipe
  • numeral 234 denotes an exhaust port
  • numeral 235 denotes a valve mechanism.
  • the valve mechanism 235 changes the flow path of the reaction product scavenged from the scavenging port 228 depending on the reaction state of the reaction chamber 221.
  • the reaction product is a hydrogen-rich reformed gas
  • the reaction product is delivered to the fuel cell 21 through the reformed gas delivery pipe 233 by the valve mechanism 235.
  • the reaction product is sent to the outside via the exhaust port 234 by the valve mechanism 235.
  • 2 3 6 is the heat transfer means
  • 2 3 7 is the encoder mounted on the generator 2 1 4
  • the heat transfer means 2 36 transfers heat generated from the reforming engine 2 1 2 to the fuel cell 2 13 or heat generated from the fuel cell 2 1 3 to the reforming engine 2 1 2. Work.
  • the heat transfer means 236 may use a means such as a heat clutch for changing the thermal resistance as necessary.
  • the encoder 237 since the mechanical output shaft 224 of the reforming engine 221 is directly connected to the generator 214, the encoder 237 assuming the speed sensor of the generator 214 is It is also possible to measure the speed of the reforming engine. In the reforming engine shown in Fig. 14, since the revolution speed of the reforming engine is proportional to the amount of hydrogen discharged, the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell can be determined by the encoder 2 3 7 if the temperature in the reaction chamber 22 1 is known. Can be grasped more accurately.
  • 24 0 is the reforming engine control means for controlling the reforming engine 2 1
  • 2 4 1 is the fuel.
  • Injection amount control means for controlling the amount of water to be injected 2 4 2 is a valve opening / closing control means for controlling the opening and closing of the intake valve 2 3 0 and exhaust valve 2 3 1, 2 4 3 is for controlling the valve mechanism 2 3 5 Valve control means.
  • the reforming engine 2 12 performs one of the reactions represented by the following four heat equations in the reaction chamber 2 21.
  • Equation (5) is a reaction equation for complete oxidation.
  • Equation (6) is a reaction called partial reforming
  • equation (7) is a reaction called combined reforming
  • equation (8) is a reaction called steam reforming.
  • the water injection valve 229 is provided to realize the equation (7) and the equation (8).
  • Equation (5) > Equation (6)> Equation (7)> Equation (8)
  • equation (8) is an endothermic reaction, it is not suitable for extracting external mechanical power.
  • the reactions of the equations (5) and (6) are performed in the reaction chamber 2 21, and the fuel cell 2 13 is mainly used.
  • the reaction according to equation (7) may be performed.
  • the valve control means 243 connects the scavenging port 228 to the reformed gas delivery pipe 233 by operating the valve mechanism 235 during the reaction of the equations (6), (7) and (8). Then, the generated hydrogen is sent to the fuel cell 2 13.
  • the scavenging port 228 is connected to the exhaust port 234 to exhaust to the outside.
  • the reforming engine 2 12 When the temperature of the fuel cell is much lower than the optimum temperature of the fuel cell, such as at the time of start-up, the reforming engine 2 12 completely oxidizes the methanol as shown in Equation (5), and regenerates all the energy of the methanol. Extracted as combustion heat. In this case, all the energy is output from the mechanical power shaft 2 24 and stored in the power storage means 2 16 via the generator 2 14. This allows the system to extract energy via the generator even when the fuel cells 2 13 are inoperable. The operation of the reforming engine 2 12 at this time is the same as that of the methanol engine. Further, waste heat generated from the reforming engine 2 12 is sent to the fuel cell 2 13 by the heat transfer means 2 36 to warm the fuel cell 2 13.
  • valve opening / closing control means 242 are controlled by the valve opening / closing control means 242, respectively, to cope with a change in the compression ratio.
  • the reforming engine 2 12 performs the combined reforming represented by the equation (7). Although the heat generated by this reaction is small, sufficient mechanical power, such as pumping, required to deliver the generated hydrogen can be obtained.
  • Equation (8) is an endothermic reaction, and cannot directly reciprocate piston 222 as it is and cannot send reformed gas to fuel cell 21 13.
  • the generator 214 is used as a motor, and the reformed gas is pumped and sent to the fuel cell.
  • AC power conversion means 2 15 motorizes generator 2 14 by converting DC power obtained from power storage means 2 16 into AC power. The energy required by the generator 214 requires a drive torque at the time of initial compression, but if the inertia moment of the mechanical output shaft 222 is increased, the total loss is about the pumping loss.
  • the steam reforming reaction according to equation (8) has the highest hydrogen generation efficiency among the four types of reactions presented, and is sufficiently efficient even if the loss due to monitoring is subtracted. High driving speed becomes possible.
  • the reaction chamber 222 heated to a high temperature is cooled, and has a function of preventing the temperature of the reaction chamber 222 from excessively increasing.
  • the case where the temperature of the reaction chamber 221 is lowered has been described.
  • a means for raising the temperature of the reaction chamber 221 must be provided.
  • To raise the temperature there are a method of attaching a heat source to the cylinder and a method of temporarily causing the exothermic reaction (5).
  • a means such as operating the opening / closing timing of the intake / exhaust valves 23 0 and 23 1 to temporarily increase the compression ratio. This has the characteristic that the temperature can be raised instantaneously by adiabatic compression.
  • this configuration can reduce the size and weight of the entire system.
  • This configuration has both functions of an internal combustion engine and a reformer, and can operate as an internal combustion engine to ensure power generation performance even in an environment where the performance of the fuel cell is low.
  • Conventionally in order to provide such a function, it was necessary to provide a reformer and an engine, and there was a problem that the entire system became large.
  • this configuration since the amount of hydrogen fuel is controlled by the number of revolutions, even a reformer with a small displacement can operate at high speed to supply a sufficient amount of hydrogen fuel. This also contributes to the downsizing of the entire device.
  • this configuration is characterized by high reaction efficiency. This is because it is easier to control the proportion of reactants and there is less unreacted emissions.
  • the reaction takes place in a closed space, so the volume of the reaction chamber is known.
  • the pressure before the reaction can be detected by opening and closing timing control of the intake valve 230. Therefore, if the temperature of the fuel injection valve 2 32 just before fuel injection is measured or estimated from the cooling water temperature, the number of moles of the reactant can be accurately controlled. It is also easy to grasp the amount of the product, and it has the advantage that the power generation of the fuel cell can be accurately estimated.
  • Another feature is that it is easy to respond to rapid load fluctuations.
  • the amount of hydrogen fuel can be adjusted quickly because the reforming engine always pumps the generated hydrogen fuel and supplies it to the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a mechanism for recovering the water injected from the water injection valve 229.
  • 25 1 is a cooler
  • 25 2 is a water tank
  • 25 3 is a water pump.
  • H 20 and C 02 are generated by the reaction of the formula (5). These can be cooled to room temperature by a cooler 251, and H20 can be recovered as a liquid. The recovered H 20 is temporarily stored in a water tank 25 2 and sent out to a water injection valve 2 29 by a water pump 25 3.
  • the reforming engine 2 12 can adopt various other embodiments without changing the gist of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 shows the configuration of a four-stroke internal combustion engine
  • the reforming reaction can be performed in the reaction chamber 221 even with two strokes.
  • the gist of the present invention does not change not only for the internal combustion engine but also for an external combustion engine using the exothermic reactions of the formulas (5) to (7).
  • Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the energy management means 2 19 in Fig. 13.
  • the required power Preq generated by the fuel cell system is the drive power P drv used for direct vehicle drive and the amount of power stored in the power storage means 16. Key to the increase Expressed as the sum of the required charging power P chg.
  • the driving power is calculated by the output conversion means 261 using the accelerator opening 0 ac and the vehicle speed V vh as inputs.
  • the output conversion means 26 1 has a torque map for converting the accelerator opening into a vehicle required torque, and calculates the drive power as a product of the torque and the vehicle speed obtained from the torque map. .
  • the required charging power P chg is determined from the power storage means.
  • the required power Preq is converted into a rotation speed basic command ⁇ by a rotation speed setting means 26 3 and a limiter 26 4.
  • the rotational speed setting means uses as input the reaction chamber 2 2 1 temperature Tcy1 and the adopted reaction formula information Nr.
  • the adopted reaction formula information N r specifies the reaction formula to be performed in the reaction chamber 2 21.
  • the reaction formula (5) is used, for example, the integer 1 is sent to the rotation number setting means 2 63.
  • the method for determining the adopted reaction formula information Nr will be described later.
  • the limiter is determined by the maximum number of revolutions of the generator, the state of charge of the storage means 16, the maximum amount of power generated by the fuel cell, and the like.
  • the reforming engine 212 converts the chemical energy of the methanol fuel into the chemical energy of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell and the mechanical energy of the piston 222 under the mechanical pressure. Since the chemical energy of hydrogen produced per cycle of the reforming engine 2 1 2 is proportional to the number of moles of hydrogen produced, the chemical energy of hydrogen converted per unit time is extremely simple. Is represented by the following equation.
  • P i (H 2) is the chemical energy of hydrogen when reaction formula i is used
  • K ci is a constant
  • the pressure in the reaction chamber 212 just before the reaction at the time of reaction V ri is the volume of the reaction chamber 212 just before the reaction at the time of using the reaction equation i, we is the rotation speed of the reforming engine 212
  • T cy 1 is the actual measured or estimated value of the reaction chamber temperature.
  • K c i ′ is a constant.
  • the mechanical energy generated per cycle of the reforming engine 2 1 2 can be expressed as the time integral of the product of the pressure and the volume.
  • the pressure changes every moment, but a simple approximation gives the mechanical energy per unit time as follows.
  • the rotational speed command (here, ⁇ ) can be easily determined from the required power Preq by using equation (12). Although efficiency is treated as a constant for simplicity, generally 7? Is a function of the reaction chamber temperature T cyl and the rotation speed ⁇ . In consideration of these, the required power generation amount Preq is a function of the rotation speed we and the reaction chamber temperature Tcy1. Therefore, it is possible to determine the rotation speed we by means such as a map.
  • the final reforming engine speed command ⁇ * is determined by adding the speed correction value ⁇ to the speed basic command ⁇ ⁇ . This is provided so that when there is a difference between the required power Preq and the actually generated power measured value Pgen, the rotational speed is corrected so that the actual generated power approaches the required power Preq.
  • the operation of the rotation speed correcting means 65 will be described later.
  • the finally obtained reforming engine speed command ⁇ ⁇ is sent to the controller of the generator 214.
  • the controller of the generator 214 controls the speed, and the rotation speed of the generator 214 follows the reforming engine speed command. Since the generator 14 is attached to the mechanical output shaft 224 of the reforming engine, the rotation speed of the reforming engine can be controlled by controlling the speed of the generator 214.
  • reference numeral 266 denotes a revolution speed converting means for converting the actual revolution speed of the generator into the actual revolution speed of the reforming engine.
  • the mechanical output shaft 2 24 of the reforming engine 2 12 and the rotating shaft of the generator 2 14 are connected by gears or pulleys, the mechanical output of the reforming engine 2 1 2
  • a rotation speed conversion means 266 is required to take into account the rotation speed ratio between the shafts of the shaft 224 and the generator 221.
  • Reference numeral 267 denotes a means for estimating the overall efficiency when each equation is used.
  • Reference numeral 2668 is a reaction formula efficiency comparison means, which compares the efficiencies when using each formula obtained by 2667, selects the reaction formula having the highest efficiency, and outputs adopted reaction formula information Nr. I do.
  • the adopted reaction formula information Nr is output to the reforming engine control means 240, and controls the compression ratio, the fuel injection amount, the water injection amount, the valve position, and the like of the reforming engine 211.
  • FIG. 17 shows an explanatory diagram of the rotation speed correction means 2 65.
  • power can be expressed as the product of rotation speed and torque.
  • the rotation speed correction means 265 is configured to calculate the correction value of the rotation speed by dividing the power error of the generator by the actual torque of the generator.
  • the power error ⁇ P g of the generator is obtained by proportionally distributing the total power.
  • the ratio of the power generation of the fuel cell to the total power generation is defined as the power distribution ratio, and is denoted by ⁇ .
  • the power distribution ratio is calculated as follows.
  • the chemical energy of the produced hydrogen is 2886 kJ / mol per mole of hydrogen, and is 5772 kJ / mol per 1 mole of methanol.
  • the fuel cell output can be calculated to be 2886 kJ / mol / mole of methanol.
  • the mechanical energy is 46.5 kJ / mol per mole of methanol because the heat of reaction is 155 kJ / mol and the engine efficiency is 0.3. Therefore, the power distribution ratio is as follows.
  • 272 is a generator power error calculating means for calculating the generator power error by multiplying the power error by 1- ⁇ .
  • the calculated generator power error is divided by the actual torque of the generator, and output as a rotation speed correction value ⁇ via a single-pass filter 274.
  • the actual torque of the generator may be measured using a torque sensor.
  • the actual torque of the reforming engine is estimated from the real rotational speed wreal and the generator generated power Pg.
  • electric power can be expressed by the product of rotation speed and torque, so the estimated actual torque of the generator is the power supply of the generator divided by the actual rotation speed of the generator.
  • the generator supply power P gs is obtained by correcting the generator generated power P g for efficiency, and the efficiency can be obtained by searching the map using the generator actual rotation speed and the generator generated power P g as inputs. can get.
  • 276 is an efficiency reverse map, which maps the efficiency from the rotational speed and generated power.
  • Reference numeral 277 denotes a generator supply power calculating means
  • reference numeral 278 denotes a generator actual torque estimated value calculating means.
  • the present invention relates to an energy generating apparatus having a reforming engine and a fuel cell in which a reformer and a heat engine are integrated, and effectively utilizing heat from a fuel cell, a reforming engine, and unreacted fuel, By increasing the inlet temperature of the quality engine, the reforming efficiency is improved, and the efficiency of the entire system is improved.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a trait à une cellule électrochimique (93) produisant de l'énergie à l'aide d'un produit réactionnel provenant d'un moteur modifié (92) agissant comme moteur à combustion interne pour un modificateur ainsi qu'aux fins de la production de puissance et pourvu d'un piston exécutant un travail de compression ainsi que de plusieurs chambres de réaction. On élève la température intérieure des chambres de réaction du moteur modifié (92) au-dessus de la température d'auto-inflammation d'une substance donnée dans l'atmosphère en utilisant de la chaleur provenant de plusieurs sources de chaleur et plusieurs carburants non réagis pour chauffer la substance alimentant le moteur modifié (92) et ce, dans un système à cellule électrochimique équipé du moteur modifié (92). Une réaction partielle d'oxydation permet la production, tant d'une énergie mécanique que d'hydrogène. L'énergie mécanique produite agit sur l'équilibre thermique du système de manière à en accroître le rendement ou à modifier celui-ci, cette énergie mécanique étant utilisée pour une réaction de modification de vapeur en tant que réaction d'absorption de chaleur produisant une grande quantité d'hydrogène dans l'autre chambre de réaction.
PCT/JP1999/005279 1998-09-30 1999-09-28 Systeme a cellule electrochimique et vehicule utilisant ce systeme WO2000019084A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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KR1020017003554A KR20010075224A (ko) 1998-09-30 1999-09-28 연료전지시스템 및 그것을 사용한 차량
DE19983564T DE19983564T1 (de) 1998-09-30 1999-09-28 Brennstoffzellen-System und Fahrzeug, das dieses verwendet

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JP27695098 1998-09-30
JP10/276950 1998-09-30

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JP2001339810A (ja) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムの制御装置
JP2002008694A (ja) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-11 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池を備える移動体
EP1191619A2 (fr) * 2000-09-23 2002-03-27 XCELLSIS GmbH Appareil pour la mise en marche d'une pile à combustible
JP2002201002A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-16 Toyota Motor Corp 改質器の起動制御
GB2381946A (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert A Hydrogen Fuel Providing Unit, Including a PEM Fuel Cell
US6748927B2 (en) 2000-08-14 2004-06-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method, computer programme and control and/or regulation device for operating an internal combustion engine
JP2008091095A (ja) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-17 Toshiba Corp 化学反応システムおよび燃料電池システム
US7785746B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2010-08-31 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system
US7798266B2 (en) 2004-12-08 2010-09-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid system
DE10040112B4 (de) * 2000-08-17 2015-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Drehmoments einer elektrischen Maschine

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DE102005039092B4 (de) * 2005-08-08 2007-06-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennstoffzellensystem
KR100783412B1 (ko) * 2006-02-22 2007-12-11 엘지전자 주식회사 연료 전지를 이용한 다가구 에너지 공급 시스템
DE102016213763A1 (de) * 2016-07-27 2018-02-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einer elektrischen Bremsenergierückgewinnungseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs

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JPH02174502A (ja) * 1988-12-22 1990-07-05 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 電気車
JPH06504873A (ja) * 1990-10-15 1994-06-02 マンネスマン・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト 電気エネルギーと機械エネルギーを併せて発生するための方法と装置
JPH06219707A (ja) * 1993-01-27 1994-08-09 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 燃料電池用水素製造方法および製造装置
JPH0757749A (ja) * 1993-08-11 1995-03-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池発電装置
WO1996007560A1 (fr) * 1994-09-07 1996-03-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Systeme de propulsion par pile a combustible
JPH08185880A (ja) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-16 Kobe Steel Ltd 燃料電池発電システム
JPH10108305A (ja) * 1996-09-26 1998-04-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd ハイブリッド型電気自動車

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001339810A (ja) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-07 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池システムの制御装置
JP2002008694A (ja) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-11 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池を備える移動体
JP4670128B2 (ja) * 2000-06-26 2011-04-13 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池を備える移動体
US6748927B2 (en) 2000-08-14 2004-06-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method, computer programme and control and/or regulation device for operating an internal combustion engine
DE10040112B4 (de) * 2000-08-17 2015-10-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Drehmoments einer elektrischen Maschine
EP1191619A2 (fr) * 2000-09-23 2002-03-27 XCELLSIS GmbH Appareil pour la mise en marche d'une pile à combustible
EP1191619A3 (fr) * 2000-09-23 2006-03-08 NuCellSys GmbH Appareil pour la mise en marche d'une pile à combustible
JP4590730B2 (ja) * 2000-12-27 2010-12-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 改質器の起動制御
JP2002201002A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-16 Toyota Motor Corp 改質器の起動制御
GB2381946B (en) * 2001-11-07 2004-10-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel-providing unit and method for providing a hydrogen-containing fuel
GB2381946A (en) * 2001-11-07 2003-05-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert A Hydrogen Fuel Providing Unit, Including a PEM Fuel Cell
US7785746B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2010-08-31 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system
US7798266B2 (en) 2004-12-08 2010-09-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid system
JP2008091095A (ja) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-17 Toshiba Corp 化学反応システムおよび燃料電池システム

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DE19983564T1 (de) 2001-07-26

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