WO2000016920A1

WO2000016920A1 - Method and device for the surface treatment of workpieces and their use

Info

Publication number: WO2000016920A1
Application number: PCT/EP1999/007107
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kurt Kemper; Günter Otto
Original assignee: Kurt Kemper; Otto Guenter
Priority date: 1998-09-23
Filing date: 1999-09-23
Publication date: 2000-03-30
Also published as: ATE297270T1; EP1117494B1; DE19981858D2; SK4242001A3; EP1117494A1; AU5981699A; JP2002526262A; US20050274165A1; CZ20011096A3; CN1326388A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for treating the surface of workpieces (12, 12', 12 ). According to said method the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) is at least partly subjected to the action of a roll (16, 16', 16''', 74', 74 , 86', 86 ) which is at least partly provided with an outer profile (22, 22', 76, 76', 78, 78'), in such a way that the treated surface (14, 14', 14 ) of the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) is subjected to internal compression stress and the areas of the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) situated below the treated surface are subjected to internal tensile stress, in each case in the axial and tangential directions.

Description

Method and device for the surface treatment of workpieces and their use

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the surface treatment of workpieces and their use for the surface treatment of workpieces made of metal, preferably of alloys containing steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum.

When drawing and also extruding workpieces, such as elongated profiles, made of metal, in particular also of aluminum, an oxide layer of sometimes considerable thickness is generally formed on their outer surface. Also, when pulling or extrusion, (longitudinal) cracks or the like generally form in the surface of workpieces made of metal, in particular aluminum. Since both such oxide layers and such (longitudinal) cracks inevitably lead to a reduction in the strength of the workpieces, subsequent cleaning or removal of the material surface is necessary. But this is extremely labor intensive and therefore costly. In addition, workpieces that are produced by drawing or extrusion generally have dimensions with extremely large tolerance ranges. Subsequent straightening or other shaping of the workpieces produced by drawing or extrusion is therefore absolutely necessary for their further processing or further use. However, such a step also increases the work or cost. Comparable problems arise in the surface treatment of workpieces with bores or similar recesses, such as through bores and / or blind bores.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device for the surface treatment of workpieces, in particular elongated profiles with any cross section, or workpieces with bores or similar recesses, which or the tiv is extremely simple and allow the production of workpieces of particularly high strength and hardness and great accuracy without additional work and cost, and their use for surface treatment of workpieces, in the form of, for example, elongated profiles made of metal, in particular alloys containing aluminum or aluminum, to provide.

This object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner in terms of process technology by the features of claim 1.

The inventive design of the method according to the features of claim 1, in which the workpiece, for example in the form of an elongated profile, is at least partially acted upon by at least one roller which is at least partially provided with an outer profile, such that the treated surface of the workpiece is under Compressive residual stresses and the zones of the workpiece lying beneath the treated surface are subjected to tensile residual stresses in the axial and tangential direction, a particularly simple method can be obtained for machining workpieces, such as elongated profiles, or their bores and other recesses, for example through holes and blind holes , without much effort and expense with significantly increased strength and / or hardness, extremely high accuracy and smoothness. With the method according to the invention, brittle oxide crusts, for example aluminum oxide crusts, and harmful impurities are cleaned of the material surface and / or the edge zone near the surface. During the surface treatment, surface defects are also eliminated, thus avoiding crack initiation. As a result, the workpieces are surrounded by a material-identical shell of several hundred micrometers, which has a stiffening effect due to increased material strength and the resulting residual compressive stress. The surface roughness improves compared to the workpieces immediately after drawing or extrusion roughly by a factor of 6 to 8. Roughness values of R _a <0.1 are the rule. The workpieces therefore have an inherent stress characteristic, namely residual compressive stresses in the plastically deformed surface or near-surface edge zone and tensile residual stresses in the areas below, which counteract each other. The workpieces therefore have a significantly improved fatigue strength. An additional advantage of the method according to the invention results in improved adhesion as a result of a significantly reduced oxide layer thickness, with the result that the workpieces can be provided with galvanic coatings without any problems and without the usual hydrogen embrittlement. Because of the improved adhesion, however, all conceivable corrosion protection methods are also possible. Such a surface treatment results in a solidified surface structure that has been cleaned of porous oxide particles. As a result of this partial surface treatment, the material is given an internal stress system, which results in significantly improved durability.

Advantageous structural details of the method according to the invention are described in claims 2 to 18.

Of great importance for an additional simplification in the surface treatment of the workpiece are the measures of claim 2, according to which the workpiece is moved in the axial direction by the action of the at least one roller which is at least partially provided with an outer profile. Accordingly, separate procedural measures for the further transport of the workpiece after the surface treatment are not necessary.

In order to further increase the strength and hardness and at the same time the accuracy, the workpiece in a special embodiment of the invention is acted upon in succession in the opposite direction by at least one, in particular two, in each case at least partially provided with an outer profile. In this way the acting surface of the workpiece preferably deformed transversely to the direction of movement of the workpiece first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

Extraordinarily significant for a surface treatment of a workpiece with a round surface, for example a round or tubular material, are the features of claim 4, according to which the workpiece is provided by at least one roller, which is at least partially provided with an outer profile, which is arranged parallel to and around the workpiece Longitudinal axis and is rotatable about the workpiece is applied.

Of great interest for a surface treatment of a workpiece with at least one bore or the like recess or the bore or recess itself are the features of claim 5, according to which an application by at least one roller provided at least partially with an outer profile is parallel to the bore or the like recess arranged and rotatable about its longitudinal axis and in the bore or the like recess takes place.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the workpiece or its surface in the form of an outer surface and / or an inner surface, for example the inner wall of a bore, according to claim 6 by an at least partially provided with an outer profile and at least one, in particular two, essentially non-profiled roller (s), which are arranged around the workpiece or in the at least one bore or similar recess, are acted upon.

According to claim 7, it is provided according to the invention in this connection to machine the workpiece by means of a roller with an outer profile in the form of annular beads and recesses arranged at an angle α and / or α 'to the longitudinal axis of the roller, the rollers being aligned with the longitudinal axis of the roller at an angle α, α 'arranged annular beads and recesses of the roller essentially opposite to each other Show preparatory position.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the workpiece is acted upon by two rollers, each of which is at least partially provided with an outer profile, and an essentially non-profiled roller which are arranged around the workpiece, in particular at approximately the same distance from one another.

The workpiece or the (surface) of the workpiece to be treated is preferably machined according to claim 9 by two rollers with an outer profile in the form of annular beads and recesses arranged at an angle α or α 'to the longitudinal axes of the rollers.

In this connection, the two rollers are preferably driven in the same direction of rotation if the annular beads and recesses of the two rollers, which are arranged at an angle α or α 'to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, have an essentially opposite feed position to one another.

Alternatively, the rollers according to claim 11 are driven in the opposite direction of rotation if the annular beads and recesses of the two rollers, which are arranged at an angle α or α ¹ to the longitudinal axes of the rollers, have an essentially identical advance position to one another.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention for a surface treatment of a workpiece with at least one flat surface in a particularly advantageous manner according to claim 12 that the workpiece by at least one roller provided at least partially with an outer profile, which is substantially perpendicular or at an angle β to the workpiece arranged and rotatable about the longitudinal axis, is applied.

Appropriately, the workpiece is at least one according to the measures of claim 13 by the at least one roller partially provided with an outer profile and processed or supported by at least one further roller at least partially provided with an outer profile or an unprofiled roller or similar support device which is spaced apart from the at least one roller.

An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in machining the surface of the workpiece to be treated according to claim 14 by means of the at least one roller with an outer profile in the form of annular beads and recesses.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to process the surface of the workpiece to be treated according to claim 15 by a plurality of rollers with an outer profile in the form of the annular beads and recesses, the annular beads and recesses of adjacent rollers being different from one another in their design and arrangement are and / or the respective adjacent rollers are driven in different directions of rotation.

It is provided according to claim 16 that the workpiece or the surface to be treated of the workpiece is processed by rolling with an outer profile in the form of to the longitudinal axes of the rollers at an angle α or α ¹ arranged annular beads and recesses, the Rolls are driven with essentially opposite feed position of the beads and recesses in the same direction of rotation or with essentially the same feed position of the beads and recesses in the opposite direction of rotation.

Alternatively or cumulatively, it is also provided according to the invention that the workpiece or the surface of the workpiece to be treated is machined according to claim 17 by rolling with an outer profile in the form of annular beads and recesses which are perpendicular to their longitudinal axes, in particular axially offset from one another. Finally, of particular importance are the features of claim 18, according to which the treated workpiece or the at least partially treated surface or the at least one treated bore or the like recess of the workpiece with a coating of metal, such as chromium, copper or the like, and / or coated and / or anodized and / or galvanized and / or pickled from a metal alloy and / or from a color and / or plastic. By means of the invention, considerably improved adhesion properties of the treated work pieces can be achieved. This in turn generally leads to significant improvements in terms of coating workpieces. For example, it is easily possible to cover an elongated profile, such as a wire, with an aluminum core with a (closed or continuous) copper sheath. The copper coating remains extremely durable and particularly abrasion-resistant to the aluminum core. It is no longer necessary to use copper wires made of solid material. In addition to a reduction in weight, it is above all possible to achieve considerable cost savings. Highly resilient hard chrome coatings or the like are also possible by the method according to the invention, without the need for costly preliminary work. For example, complex and time-consuming peeling of near-surface oxide layers and / or contaminants before chrome-plating workpieces, such as brass shafts or the like, as previously required, can be completely dispensed with. An abrasion-resistant application of, for example, anodized paints or anodizing or galvanizing of workpieces is equally possible.

The workpieces to be treated or treated and / or their coatings can be made of base metals, such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, molybdenum, depending on the material properties or specifications to be achieved in each case. Silicon, tungsten, tin, zinc, or alloys made thereof, such as brass, or made of ed- len metals, such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or alloys thereof, or combinations of base and noble metals. Preferably, steel offer and / or aluminum and / or aluminum-containing alloys such as AlMg _4.5 Mn, AlMgSi _0/5, AlMgSi, AlMg _5, AlZn _{4 5} Mg, AlCuMg, AlCuMg _2, AlZnMgCu _0/5, AlZnMgCu _1/5 , AlCuMgPb, on.

In terms of device technology, this object is achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the features of claim 19.

Accordingly, the device according to the invention for the surface treatment of workpieces, for example of elongated profiles, with a round surface comprises three rollers arranged in parallel and around the workpiece, in particular at approximately the same distance from one another, which at least partially provide an outer profile which acts on the surface of the workpiece and can be rotated individually around their longitudinal axes and together around the workpiece. The device according to the invention is thus characterized by a particularly simple and compact construction. The device according to the invention also ensures extremely high manufacturing accuracy in the production of workpieces with particularly high strength and hardness and great accuracy. In this way, workpieces, for example in the form of elongated profiles, can be manufactured with accuracies of, for example, up to at least about 1/10 mm. With the device according to the invention, the workpieces, for example in the form of elongated profiles, are also not subjected to any rotary movement during surface treatment. In this respect, feed speeds of, for example, up to about 100 meters per minute can be achieved for such workpieces with a round surface. Not least because of an extremely high processing speed, the device according to the invention enables a substantial reduction in the work and cost involved in the surface treatment of such workpieces with a round surface.

This task will continue to be looks solved in a surprisingly simple way by the features of claim 20.

Accordingly, a device for surface treatment is provided which is suitable for a corresponding machining of workpieces or their bores and / or other recesses, such as through bores and / or blind holes equally, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, which has at least two , in particular comprises three rollers arranged in parallel and in the bore or the like recess, which are at least partially provided with an outer profile acting on the bore or the like recess and are each individually rotatable about their longitudinal axes and together in the bore or the like recess. In addition to the advantages mentioned above, it is also possible in this way to firmly clamp the workpieces to be surface-treated, if necessary.

Advantageous structural details of the device according to the invention are described in claims 21 to 37.

Of great importance for the surface treatment of workpieces are the features of claims 21 and 22, according to which at least one roller, in particular two rollers, is / are at least partially provided with an outer profile acting on the surface of the workpiece and the other rollers, in particular one roller, are unprofiled are / is trained.

According to claim 23, the outer profile of the at least one roller acting on the workpiece or its surface and / or bores is in the form of annular beads and recesses arranged at an angle α or α 'to the longitudinal axis of the roller.

Due to the features of claims 24 to 26, it is advantageous for the surface of the workpiece to be acted upon by the outer profile of the at least one, in particular two, rollers in succession in the opposite direction, ie a double deformation substantially transversely or obliquely to the direction of movement of the workpiece.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to provide the at least one roller according to claim 27 with non-profiled ends.

The non-profiled end of the at least one roller on the inflow side in the direction of movement of the workpiece has a slightly smaller outside diameter in order to compensate for any irregularities in the workpiece or to perform a certain straightening function.

According to the features of claim 29, however, the non-profiled end of the at least one roller downstream in the direction of movement of the workpiece has a slightly larger outer diameter in order to bring the already surface-treated workpiece to a constant dimension with a smooth surface.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the rollers according to claims 30 and 31 are received individually by a drive device for rotating the rollers about their longitudinal axes and a drive head for rotating the rollers around the workpiece.

The measures of claim 32, namely to control the drive device and / or the drive head hydraulically or pneumatically, enable stepless control while avoiding any slippage and, as a result, an extremely high surface smoothness of the workpiece. It can also have an extremely precise influence on the feed speed of the workpiece, taking into account the characteristic features and operating conditions, such as the diameter of the rollers, the pitch of the annular beads and recesses, the length, the diameter and the ratio between the inside and outside diameter of the annular beads and recesses, the diameter of the Workpiece and much more. In this context, the rollers and a worm drive of the drive head are expediently carried out according to claims 33 and 34 via separate drive motors which can be controlled in particular hydraulically or pneumatically. This measure additionally supports exact control of the device according to the invention, so that the movement of the rollers and the worm drive can be individually influenced.

Such a hydraulically or pneumatically acting drive device is advantageously additionally supported by a sealing arrangement, as described for example in DE 196 10 809 AI. In addition to the self-rotation of the rollers, this sealing arrangement also enables the rollers to rotate about the workpiece itself.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the features of claims 35 and 36 serve for an extremely great versatility of the device, since the relative mobility of the drive device and the drive head relative to one another enables length compensation in the case of rolls of different lengths and thus any interchangeability of the rolls.

To obtain an extremely high accuracy or only very small tolerances with a simultaneously high feed rate, the features of claim 37 further ensure that the drive device and / or the drive head is / are provided with a centering device for the workpiece. Possible vibrations that occur as a result of the surface treatment in the area of the rollers can thereby be eliminated, or at least reduced.

In terms of device technology, this object is further achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by the features of claim 38.

Accordingly, the device according to the invention for surface 1 Δ _*

Chen treatment of workpieces, preferably of elongated profiles, with at least one flat surface at least one roller arranged substantially perpendicular or at an angle β to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, which roller is at least partially provided with an outer profile acting on the surface of the workpiece and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for surface treatment of workpieces with an approximately rectangular, for example square, cross section. The advantages that can be achieved with such a device are essentially the aforementioned advantages in connection with the embodiment of a device for the surface treatment of workpieces with a round surface, such as a simple construction, a production of workpieces with particularly high strength and hardness, and large Accuracy, low labor and cost, etc., identical.

Expediently, the at least one roller, which is at least partially provided with an outer profile, is assigned at least one further roller, at least partially provided with an outer profile, or an unprofiled roller or similar support device, in order to provide a so-called counter bearing for the at least one roller. If not only the upper surface of the workpiece is to be treated by the at least one roller, but also the lower surface at the same time, at least one further roller is provided, which has an outer profile. Otherwise, a non-profiled roller or similar support device, for example in the form of a support plate etc., can be used.

The features of claims 40 to 42 are of great importance for the surface treatment, namely that the at least one roller has an outer profile which has the shape of annular beads and recesses which are at an angle α or α 'to the longitudinal axis of the respective roller. and / or are arranged perpendicular to it. To further improve strength and hardness and accuracy, the measures according to claim 43 are also of extremely great importance. Accordingly, the at least one roller, which is at least partially provided with an outer profile, is followed by an additional roller, which is also at least partially provided with an outer profile, in order to act sequentially on the surface of the workpiece in the direction of movement of the workpiece in the opposite direction, that is to say approximately transversely or obliquely to the direction of movement of the workpiece to deform once in a while and then back again.

Such a quasi back and forth deformation of the surface of the workpiece can be realized in an advantageous manner by the features of claims 44 and 45 depending on the structural design, arrangement and direction of rotation of the beads and recesses of the outer profile.

It is within the scope of the invention to arrange at least one non-profiled roller in the direction of movement of the workpiece before and / or after the at least one roller provided with an outer profile acting on the surface of the workpiece.

In accordance with the configuration of the device according to the invention according to claim 47, the at least one upstream non-profiled roller has a slightly smaller outer diameter in order to feed the workpiece uniformly to the outer profile and to compensate for, if necessary, at least alleviate any non-uniformities and undesirable tolerance violations. In this respect, the at least one upstream, non-profiled roller has a certain straightening function.

In order to bring the workpiece coming from the area of the outer profile to a predetermined constant dimension with a smooth surface, the at least one downstream non-profiled roller has a slightly larger outer diameter. knife on. The at least one downstream non-profiled roller can therefore be used for additional shaping.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the annular beads protrude beyond the outer diameter of the at least one roller.

A surface treatment of workpieces of any thickness is served by the features of claims 50 to 52, according to which the at least one roller is mounted in a receiving device which is relatively movable relative to a support device supporting the workpiece, for example in the form of the at least one further roller. The versatility of the device according to the invention is increased in this way, since workpieces of any thickness or height dimension can be surface-treated.

According to claim 53, the receiving device and / or the supporting device are expediently hydraulically or pneumatically controllable.

By means of the features of claim 54, each of which assigns a separate drive motor to at least one (further) roller, it is expedient to achieve individual control of the respective rollers.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention to construct the rollers according to claim 55 in several parts, in particular, for example, to assemble them from a shaft of high toughness and a sleeve of high strength or hardness which is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, and an associated wear resistance.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the rollers can preferably be cooled by an internal cooling system and / or an external cooling bath, as a result of which the service life of the device can be increased. Finally, by means of the method according to the invention and the associated devices, it is still possible according to claim 57 to produce workpieces made of metal, in particular of base metal, such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, tin , Zinc, and alloys thereof, such as brass, preferably of steel and / or of aluminum and / or aluminum-containing alloys, such as AlMg _{4 5} Mn, AlMgSi _0/5 , AlMgSi, AlMg ₅ , AlZn _4/5 Mg, AICuMg, AlCuMg ₂ , AlZnMgCu ₀ , 5, AlZnMgCu _1/5 , AlCuMgPb, or from noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, and alloys thereof, or from combinations of base and noble metals. Workpieces made of alloys containing aluminum or aluminum, for example, have recently been found to be particularly suitable due to the various advantageous properties, such as corrosion resistance, low specific density, etc. These materials are used more and more frequently, in particular in the field of motor vehicle construction. The disadvantages associated with these materials, such as previously insufficient strength, labor-intensive and cost-intensive pretreatment or post-treatment of the material surface due to existing oxide layers and (longitudinal) cracks, as well as extremely large tolerance ranges etc., can be overcome with the method according to the invention and the remove associated devices in a very simple way.

Thus, according to claim 58, elongated, in particular hardened and / or coated, profiles made of solid material, in particular wires, rods and strips, and / or of tubular material, in particular pipes, preferably headrest brackets in motor vehicles, can be produced.

The method and the device according to claim 59 can also be used for the production of wound, in particular hardened and / or coated, workpieces, preferably helical springs.

Appropriately, the method and the preliminary Direction according to the invention according to claim 58 also for the production of bores or the like recesses, in particular through holes and / or blind holes, in engines of motor vehicles.

The material aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys is opened up because of a significantly increased strength and hardness, an improved fatigue strength, a small tolerance size and high smoothness as well as an improved adhesion for galvanic coatings or other corrosion and oxidation-preventing materials. At the same time, the versatility of the material aluminum or the alloys containing aluminum and their advantages, which have been known for a long time, are further improved.

Further features, advantages and details of the invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention and from the drawings. Here show:

1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of a device designed according to the invention for surface treatment of a partially cut workpiece with a round surface, for example a round or tubular material,

2 is a partially broken plan view of the device according to the invention of FIG. 1 according to the arrows II-II in an enlarged view,

3 is a plan view of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 according to the arrows III-III in an enlarged view,

4 is a plan view of the device according to the invention of FIG. 1 according to the arrows IV-IV in an enlarged view, 5A and 5B a cross-sectional view through the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 along the line VV and a schematic plan view of three rollers of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 5A, each in an enlarged view,

6A, 6B and 6C are schematic side views of the embodiments of the three rollers of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 5A and 5B, each in an enlarged view,

7A and 7B are a partial cross-sectional view through a further embodiment of a device according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 1 and a schematic plan view of three rollers of the device according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 7A, each in an enlarged view,

8A and 8B a cross-sectional view through another embodiment of a device according to the invention corresponding to FIG. 1 and a schematic plan view of three rollers of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 8A, each in an enlarged view,

9A and 9B show a schematic front view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention for surface treatment of a partially cut workpiece with at least one flat surface, for example a workpiece with a square, rectangular or otherwise polygonal cross section,

10A and 10B are schematic side and plan views of the rollers of the embodiment of the device designed according to the invention according to FIG. 7 according to section VIII, 11 shows a schematic side or top view of the rollers of the embodiment of the device according to the invention designed according to FIG. 7 in accordance with section VIII,

12A and 12B show a partially sectioned side view of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 7 and a schematic plan view of three rollers of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 7, each in an enlarged view, and

13A, 13B and 13C are schematic representations of three exemplary embodiments of possible process sequences for producing workpieces with any cross section, in each of which the device according to the invention is integrated.

In the following description of various exemplary embodiments of devices 10 according to the invention for the surface treatment of workpieces 12, for example in the form of elongated profiles, with a round surface 14, for example with a round cross section in the form of a round or tubular material, of workpieces 12 ', for example elongated profiles , with at least one flat surface 14 ', for example with a square or - as shown here - rectangular or other polygonal cross-section, and of workpieces 12' 'with at least one bore 14' 'or similar recess, such as a through bore and / or a blind hole, corresponding, identical components are each provided with identical reference numerals.

1 to 6C show an embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention for the surface treatment of workpieces 12, such as elongated profiles, with a round surface 14. According to FIGS. 2 to 4 and 5A in particular, the device 10 comprises three rollers 16, 16 ', 16''which are arranged in parallel and around the workpiece 12 at approximately the same distance, ie offset by 120 °, from one another. The three rollers 16, 16 ', 16''each have the same diameter in the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and 5A. In this respect, their longitudinal axes 18, 18 ', 18''are located on a common pitch circle 20 and are thus equally spaced from the workpiece 12. However, the diameter of the three rollers 16, 16 ', 16''can also vary.

The rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are at least partially provided with an outer profile 22, 22' which acts on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12. In the embodiment of the device 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 6C, the rollers 16 and 16 'are provided with such an outer profile 22, 22'. In contrast, the roller 16 ″ is not profiled. In principle, however, it is also possible to equip only one roller with an outer profile of this type which acts on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 instead of two rollers 16, 16 '(cf. FIGS. 7A, 7B). It is also conceivable to provide all three rollers 16, 16 ′, 16 ″ arranged in parallel and around the workpiece 12 at approximately the same distance from one another with such an external profile (not shown) that acts on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12.

The outer profile 22, 22 'of the two rollers 16, 16' acting on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is designed in the form of annular beads 24 and recesses 26 arranged between them, which extend to the longitudinal axis 18, 18 'of the respective roller 16, 16' ' are arranged at an angle α. The beads 24 and recesses 26 of the two rollers 16, 16 'therefore run obliquely in the longitudinal direction of the rollers 16, 16'. The annular beads 24 protrude beyond the outer diameter of the rollers 16, 16 '.

Advantageously, the two rollers 16, 16 'are at least partially provided with an outer profile 22, 22' which Surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is successively applied in the opposite direction, ie the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is first deformed in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

In the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 6C, the beads 24 and recesses 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 'of the two rolls 16, 16' are reversed for this purpose, i.e. arranged approximately crosswise. Although the angle of the outer profile 22 of the roller 16 is identical in terms of amount to the angle α 'of the outer profile 22' of the roller 16 ', the angles α and α' differ accordingly in their sign, are therefore once positive and once negative, or vice versa . The angle α, α 'is in a range between 2 ° and 85 °, preferably between 2 ° and 60 ° and very particularly preferably between 2 ° and 10 ° inclusive.

However, it is alternatively or cumulatively possible that the angles α, ′ of the slope of the annular beads 24 and recesses 26 differ from one another in terms of amount, for example that the angle α is 30 ° and the angle α ^{1 is} 45 °. Any other combination can also be provided.

5B, the beads 24 or recesses 26 are formed on the roller 16 from right to left and on the roller 16 'from left to right. In order to ensure movement of the workpiece 12 when the beads 24 and recesses 26 of the two adjacent rollers 16, 16 'are essentially in the opposite advance position, the two rollers 16, 16' can therefore be driven in the same direction of rotation.

In contrast, however, if the forward position of the beads 24 and recesses 26 is essentially the same, the two rollers 16, 16 '' adjacent to one another can then be driven in the opposite direction of rotation (not shown). In the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 5B, the workpiece 12 is moved from right to left in the direction of arrow 28 by the rollers 16, 16 ', 16''.

The rollers 16, 16 'have two ends 30, 32, which, as is clear from FIGS. 5B, 6A and 6B, limit the respective outer profile 22, 22'. The upstream end 30 and downstream end 32 of the rollers 16, 16 'in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 according to arrow 28 are of non-profiled or smooth design. The upstream end 30 of the roller 16, 16 'has a slightly smaller outer diameter in order to compensate for any irregularities in the workpiece 12 to be supplied to the outer profile 22, 22' or to perform a certain straightening function beforehand. The downstream end 32 of the rollers 16, 16 ', on the other hand, has a slightly larger diameter in order to bring the workpiece 12 coming from the area of the outer profile 22, 22' to a constant dimension, namely the actual or desired target dimension of the workpiece 12 to bring with a very smooth surface or a small tolerance. The roller 16 '', however, is continuously provided with a smooth surface.

In this embodiment, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are furthermore each individually rotatable about their longitudinal axes 18, 18', 18 '', as is shown in particular in FIG. 5A. As already mentioned, the two rollers 16, 16 'with opposite outer profile 22, 22' are each driven in the same direction of rotation, the roller 16 '' with an exclusively smooth surface in the opposite direction of rotation. However, the direction of rotation of the roller 16 '' with an exclusively smooth surface can be chosen as desired.

The rollers 16, 16 ', 16''are received in accordance with FIG. 1 by a drive device 34 and a drive head 36 or the like drive arrangement. The drive device 34 is provided for rotating the rollers 16, 16 ', 16''individually about their longitudinal axes 18, 18', 18 ''. The arrival Drive head 36 or similar drive arrangement serves to rotate the rollers 16, 16 ′, 16 ″ together around the workpiece 12.

The upstream end 30 of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'is, according to FIGS. 1, 3 and 6A to 6C, with a profile 38, for example a square profile, in a correspondingly shaped, essentially precisely fitting recess 40 (cf. 3) rotatably received by the hydraulic drive device 34. The downstream end 32 of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' ', however, is rotatably received in each case via a pin 42 in recesses 43 of the drive head 36 (cf. FIG. 2).

In the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, the drive device 34 is arranged upstream of the drive head 36 or the like drive arrangement in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 according to arrow 28. However, it is also possible to arrange the drive device 34 after the drive head 36 or the like drive device in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12, so that the now upstream end 30 of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'would be rotatably supported in the drive head 36 and this now outflow end 32 of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'would arrive in the drive device 34 in a rotationally fixed manner.

The drive device 34 and / or the drive head 36 or the like drive arrangement of the three rollers 16, 16 ', 16''can be controlled hydraulically or pneumatically in the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention, which is shown in FIG. 1. Such a drive of the three rollers 16, 16 ', 16''enables stepless control in order to avoid any slippage and thus to obtain a constantly smooth surface 14 of the workpiece 12 during its treatment. Such a hydraulic or pneumatic drive device 34 and / or a hydraulically or pneumatically operated drive head 36 can be supported in a very advantageous manner, for example, by a sealing arrangement as described in DE 196 10 809 A1. The drive device 34 and / or drive head 36 is / are via a control panel 44 Controllable or regulable.

The drive device 34 comprises a total of three separate, preferably hydraulically operated, drive motors 46, which at the end are each assigned to one of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' '. However, it is also possible to drive only the two profiled rollers 16, 16 'by means of such a drive motor 46.

The drive head 36 or the like drive arrangement shown in more detail in FIGS. 1 and 2 is in operative engagement with a worm drive 48. In order to avoid any slippage, the worm drive 48 and thus the drive head 36 are also hydraulically or pneumatically driven via a drive motor 50. Via the speed of the worm drive 48, which likewise specifies the rotational speed of the drive head 36 and thus the common rotational movement of the rollers 16, 16 ′, 16 ″ about the workpiece 12 to be treated, the feed of the workpiece 12 is determined by the device 10 according to the invention .

Furthermore, the drive device 34 and the drive head 36 are designed to be relatively movable with respect to one another. For this purpose, the drive device 34 is designed to be longitudinally displaceable via a guide device 52 in the form of a guide rod or the like and a drive element 54 which can be actuated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically and which are supported by a frame 56 of the device 10. The drive element 54 is preferably designed as a pressure cylinder. In this way it is possible to carry out a length compensation for rolls 16, 16 ', 16' 'of different lengths, the interchangeability of the rolls 16, 16', 16 '' and thus the versatility of the device 10 being increased still further.

In order to obtain a workpiece 12 with an extremely high accuracy or only very small tolerances, the centering devices 58 are additionally assigned to the drive device 34 and the drive head 36. That is moving at high speed Workpiece 12 moving by the device 10 according to the invention according to arrow 28 is stabilized in that vibrations which are possibly generated by the surface treatment in the region of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16''are absorbed by the centering devices 58.

As only indicated schematically in FIG. 1, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are cooled by an internal cooling system. Alternatively or cumulatively, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'can also be cooled in a manner known per se by an external cooling bath (not shown).

Not least due to the fact that the workpiece 12 is not subjected to a rotary movement, rather a surface treatment of the workpiece 12 by the rollers 16, 16 'rotating individually about their longitudinal axes 18, 18', 18 '' and together around the workpiece 12, 16 '', feed speeds of up to about 100 meters / minute can be achieved. Despite such a much improved performance of the device 10, an extremely high accuracy of the workpiece 12 ultimately brought to the desired dimension by the downstream end 32 of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'can be achieved. For example, accuracies of up to at least about 1/10 mm are possible without any special post-processing.

Due to the opposing or crosswise orientation of the beads 24 and recesses 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 'of the rollers 16, 16', the workpiece 12 is subjected to a longitudinal movement without any rotational movement.

According to the configuration of the device 10 according to the invention according to FIG. 1, an extremely versatile application possibility of the device 10 can be achieved. It is thus possible to roll 16, 16 ', 16''with different lengths, with different diameters and with different outer profiles 22, 22', ie by arranging the beads 24 and recesses 26 with different pitches in different different number of beads 24 and recesses 26, with different spacing etc., depending on the dimensions, material properties etc. of the respective workpiece 12 to be used individually.

6A to 6C, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are made in several parts. The rollers 16, 16 ′, 16 ″ each include a shaft 60 with a stop 62 provided in the area of the profile 38. The shaft 60 takes a sleeve 64 either with the outer profile 22, 22 ′, the upstream end 30 and the outflow side End 32 or with an overall smooth surface. The sleeve 64 is attached to the shaft 60 in a rotationally secured manner via a slot wedge 66. In the axial direction, the sleeve 64 is secured on the shaft 60 by the stop 62, a ring 68 and a nut 70. Due to such a multi-part structure, it is possible to easily replace the sleeve 64 without effort if the outer profile 22, 22 'of the rollers 16, 16' or 16 '' is worn or defective. Such a multipart structure also has the advantage that the shaft 60 and the sleeve 64 can be subjected to different production methods, so that ultimately the shaft 60 has a high toughness and the sleeve 64 with the outer profile 22, 22 'of the rollers 16, 16' or 16 '' have a high hardness and thus high wear resistance.

In the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention according to FIGS. 7A and 7B, only one roller, namely the roller 16 '' ', is at least partially provided with an outer profile 22, 22' which successively acts on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 in the opposite direction , ie the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is first deformed in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

In the device 10 according to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the beads 24 and recesses 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 'of the roller 16''' are reversed from one another for this purpose, ie approximately crosswise. Although the angle α of the outer profile 22 too the angle α 'of the outer profile 22' of the roller 16 '''is identical in terms of amount, the angles α and α' accordingly differ in their signs. The roller 16 '''rotates about its axis 18'''. The two rollers 16 ″ are not profiled.

Finally, the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention according to FIGS. 8A and 8B still differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 6C in that the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'for surface treatment of a surface or inner wall of a bore 14 "or the like recess, for example a through hole and / or blind hole, such as the cylinder holes, are used in an engine block of a motor vehicle of the workpiece 12". However, it is also possible to use only one roller 16 '' 'according to FIGS. 7A, 7B with an outer profile 22 and / or 22' and / or further profiled rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'for the purpose of surface treatment of the workpiece 12 '' or from the inner wall of a bore 14 '' (not shown).

The rollers 16, 16 ', 16' ', which are each carried, for example, by a shaft 17, 17', 17 '' or the like (shown in a hint), are all supported on the inner wall of the bore 14 '' of the workpiece 12 ' 'from. This is all the more advantageous since the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are supported in a self-supporting manner, especially in the case of a surface treatment of a blind hole. However, it is also conceivable to use only one roller 16. Preferably, however, at least two rollers 16, 16 'and 16' 'should be used, of which at least one is profiled. These two rollers 16, 16 'and 16' 'should be arranged opposite one another, the two outer diameters of which could roll on the inner diameter of the bore 14' 'in order to additionally achieve a support function during the surface treatment. As a result, the high manufacturing accuracy of the workpiece 12 ″ can be further improved after the surface treatment.

With the further embodiment of the device 10, which in 9A to 12B, workpieces 12 'can be surface-treated in a corresponding manner. In contrast to the workpieces 12, the workpieces 12 'have at least one flat surface 14'. The illustrated embodiment is a workpiece 12 'with a rectangular cross section (cf. in particular FIG. 12A), the upper and lower surfaces 14' of which are machined equally.

The device 10 for the surface treatment of such workpieces 12 'with at least one flat surface 14' is designed in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 9A and 9B as a press or the like device. The device 10 comprises a receiving device 72 in which a total of four pairs of rollers 74, 74 ', 74' ', 74' '' are provided, which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to arrow 28 and at least partially with the surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' external profile 76, 76 ', 78, 78' are provided, which will be described in detail below.

The rollers 74, 74 ', 74' ', 74' '' are rotatably arranged in a holding frame 79 about their longitudinal axes 80, which is connected to a head 82 of the receiving device 72. As shown in FIG. 11, the rollers 74, 74 ', 74' ', 74' '' are arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to arrow 28. However, it is possible to incline them at an angle β (not shown). The angle β is therefore 0 ° in the illustrated embodiment.

The receiving device 72 interacts with a support device 84, which is assigned opposite the receiving device 72 and is provided as a so-called counter bearing for the workpiece 12 'during its surface treatment. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support device 84 is likewise formed by a total of four pairs of rollers 86, 86 ', 86'',86''', the number and arrangement of the four pairs of rollers 74, 74 ', 74'', 74 ''' correspond. The rollers 86, 86 ', 86'',86''' are therefore also arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to arrow 24 and at least partially provided with an outer profile 76, 76', 78, 78 'which acts on the surface 14' of the workpiece .

If treatment of the lower surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' is not necessary, it goes without saying that instead of the rollers 86 ', 86''with an outer profile 76, 76', 78, 78 'also non-profiled rollers 86, 86' ¹ ', can be used. It is also conceivable not to design the support device 84 with the rollers 86, 86 ', 86'',86''', but instead to provide a support plate or the like instead.

The receiving device 72 with the at least one roller 74 ', 74' 'processing the upper surface 14' of the workpiece 12 'can be moved relatively with respect to the support device 84 which supports the workpiece 14'. This ensures that workpieces 12 'of any thickness can be surface-treated.

For this purpose, the receiving device 72 can be relatively moved relative to the support device 84 via a guide device 88, for example in the form of guide rods 89 or the like, and a drive element 90 which can be actuated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically, i.e. height adjustable. The actuatable drive element 90 is preferably designed as a pressure cylinder.

The receiving device 72 and / or the support device 84 can be controlled hydraulically or pneumatically. The pairs of rollers 74, 74 '''and 86, 86''', each of which has a smooth surface, are rotatably driven about their longitudinal axes 80 by means of separate drive motors 92. The drive motors 92 are also preferably designed as hydraulic or pneumatic motors. In this way, the feed of the workpiece 12 'can be arbitrary, but at the same time exact and above all, infinitely variable. In contrast, the rollers 74 ', 74''and86', 86 '' are only freely rotatable in the holding frame 79 of the receiving device 72.

If only the rollers 74, 74 ″ ″, 86 ′, 86 ″ ″ are set in rotation via drive motors 92 in the embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 9A to 12B, it is quite conceivable, alternatively or cumulatively to apply individual or all of the rollers 74 ', 74' 'and / or 86', 86 '' with an outer profile 76, 76 ', 78, 78' to a rotary movement via such drive motors. As a result, the feed of the workpiece 12 'can be additionally supported.

Depending on the individual specification or requirement for the strength and / or dimensional accuracy of the workpiece 12 ', this exemplary embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention can be varied as desired. So it is easily possible to process the upper and / or lower surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' only by means of a single roller 74 ', 74' 'or 86', 86 '' which at least partially coats the surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' has external profile 76, 76 ', 78, 78'. It is also conceivable to increase the number of rollers 74 ', 74' 'or 86', 86 '' with outer profile 76, 76 ', 78, 78'.

As can be clearly seen in FIGS. 10A, 11, 12A and 12B, the rollers 74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '' at least partially have an outer profile 76, 76 'which acts on the surface 14' of the workpiece 12 '. 78, 78 'in the form of annular beads 94 and recesses 96. The outer profiles 76, 76 'and 78, 78' are each matched to one another.

In the case of the rollers 74 ', 86', the annular beads 94 and recesses 96 are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axes 80 of the rollers 74 ', 86'. The annular beads 94 and recesses 96 of the rollers 74 ', 86' are therefore aligned parallel in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to arrow 28. In the case of the rollers 74 ″, 86 ″, the beads 94 and recesses 96, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, are arranged at an angle α or α ′ with respect to the longitudinal axes 80 of the rollers 74 ″, 86 ″. The beads 94 and recesses 96 are therefore provided with an incline or are oriented obliquely to the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 ′ according to arrow 28. The ridges 94 and recesses 96 are in turn arranged in opposite directions, ie crosswise.

The rollers 74 ', 86' and 74 '', 86 '' with the outer profile 76, 76 ', 78, 78' are preferably arranged in pairs in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to arrow 28, such that the surface 14' of the workpiece 12 'is successively applied in the opposite direction. The surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' is thus deformed approximately transversely to the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'once and then back again in the opposite direction.

This can be done in the case of the two rollers 74 'or 86' arranged downstream from one another with annular beads 94 and recesses 96 arranged perpendicularly to their longitudinal axes 80 in that the two rollers 74 'or 86' and / or the annular beads 94 and recesses 96 are axially offset from each other.

In the case of the two rollers 74 ″ and 86 ″, which are arranged one behind the other, with the annular beads 94 and recesses 96 arranged at an angle α or ′ to their longitudinal axes 80, there are two possibilities for such a back and forth deformation of the surface 14 ′ of the workpiece 12 'possible. On the one hand, the two rollers 74 ″ and 86 ″ can be driven in the same direction of rotation in accordance with the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 10A and 9, with the beads 94 and recesses 96 being in essentially the opposite position. On the other hand, it is conceivable to drive the two rollers 74 ″ or 86 ″ with the same forward position of the beads 94 and recesses 96 in the opposite direction of rotation (not shown). Both embodiments are synonymous in their effect and function. 10A, 11 and 12B it can finally be seen that the pairs of rollers 74, 74 '''and 86, 86''' have a smooth surface. The rollers 74, 74 '''and 86, 86''' are the rollers 74 ', 74''and86' 86 '' with a corresponding outer profile 76, 76 'and 78, 78' in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'upstream and / or downstream according to arrow 28. However, the rollers 70 and 86 on the upstream side in the direction of movement are designed with a slightly smaller outside diameter, and the rollers 70 ″ ″ and 86 ″ ″ on the downstream side in the direction of movement are designed with a slightly larger outside diameter.

It is easily possible to provide only the rollers 74 ', 86' or 74 '', 86 '' and / or the rollers 74 ', 86' and / or 74 '', 86 '' with each other or with each other in each other Combine order. For example, there is the possibility of a roller 74 'with the outer profile 76, a roller 74' 'with an outer profile 78, a roller 74' 'with the outer profile 78' and a roller 74 'with an outer profile 76', or in any other combination, to be arranged in a row.

As shown in particular in FIG. 12A, the rollers 74 ', 86' which are assigned to one another can also be formed with different outer profiles 76 or 76 'etc. The same applies to the rollers 74 ″, 86 ″.

13A and 13B illustrate process sequences in which the surface treatment according to the method and the associated device according to the invention is integrated.

According to FIG. 13A, the workpiece 12, 12 'is preferably extruded from aluminum in a press 98, then subjected to cooling in a bath 100, then straightened on a straightening bench 102, then appropriately surface-treated in a device 10 according to the invention, then in a molding bench 104 deformed and finally cut to length in a cutting device 106. The method according to FIG. 13B differs from that of FIG. 13A only in that the workpiece 12, 12 'is wound directly onto a reel 108 after the surface treatment in the device 10 according to the invention. This is possible for the first time with the device 10 according to the invention, since the workpiece 12, 12 'is not subject to its own rotation, but only moves straight in the longitudinal direction according to arrow 28.

The method according to FIG. 13C in turn differs from that according to FIG. 13B only in a device 110 for coating and / or anodizing and / or galvanizing and / or pickling the workpiece 12, 12 'with metals such as chromium, copper etc. , Paints, for example abrasion-resistant anodized paints, or plastics. The device 110 is arranged between the device 10 for surface treatment according to the invention and the reel 108.

The method and the device 10 according to the invention are particularly well suited for the mass production of elongated profiles, such as, for example, headrest brackets in motor vehicles or the like, which preferably consist of alloys containing aluminum or aluminum. In particular, headrests manufactured in this way are distinguished on the one hand by an extremely high level of strength, but on the other hand also have a certain deformability, so that head injuries of the vehicle occupants previously recorded can be avoided precisely in the event of head-on collisions.

The method and the associated devices according to the invention are not limited to the previously described exemplary embodiments. It is therefore entirely conceivable to machine the lateral surfaces in the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIGS. 9A to 12B in a manner corresponding to the upper or lower surface of the workpiece. For this purpose, only at least one roller with an outer profile would then have to be arranged approximately perpendicular to the rollers described. Dar- In addition, it is possible to form the workpiece to be treated from any metal or metal alloy material available on the market. The same applies to any coatings to be provided for the workpiece that has already been treated, or a surface or bore, etc. thereof, which are likewise of arbitrary design and can therefore consist of metal or a metal alloy and / or paint and / or plastic.

Claims

claims

1. A method for the surface treatment of workpieces (12, 12 ', 12' '), in which the workpiece (12, 12', 12 '') by at least one at least partially with an outer profile

(22, 22 ', 76, 76', 78, 78 ') provided roller (16, 16', 16 '' ', 74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' ') is at least partially acted upon, such that the treated surface (14, 14 ', 14' ') of the workpiece (12, 12', 12 '') under residual compressive stresses and the zones of the workpiece (12.) lying under the treated surface (14, 14 ', 14' ') , 12 ', 12' ') are set under residual tensile stresses in the axial and tangential direction.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 ', 12'') by the action of the at least one at least partially with an outer profile (22, 22', 76, 76 ', 78, 78' ) provided roller (16, 16 ', 16 ¹ '',74', 74 '', 86 ', 86'') is moved in the axial direction.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 ', 12' ') by at least one, in particular two each, at least partially with an outer profile (22, 22', 76, 76 ', 78th , 78 ') provided roller / s

(16, 16 ', 16' '', 74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') is successively acted on in the opposite direction.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the workpiece (12) with a round surface (14) by at least one at least partially provided with an outer profile (22, 22 ') roller (16, 16', 16th '' '), which is arranged parallel to the workpiece (12) and can be rotated about its longitudinal axis (18, 18', 18 '' ') and about the workpiece (12).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the workpiece (12 '') with at least one bore (14 '') or similar recess by at least one roller (16, 16 ') provided at least partially with an outer profile (22, 22'), which is parallel to the bore ( 14 '') or the like recess and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis (18, 18 ') and in the bore (14'') or the like recess.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 '') by an at least partially with an outer profile (22, 22 ') provided roller (16, 16', 16 '' ') and at least one, in particular two, essentially non-profiled roller (s) (16 ''), which are arranged around the workpiece (12) or in the at least one bore (14 '') or similar recess, are acted upon.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 '') by a roller (16 ''') with an outer profile (22, 22') in the form of to the longitudinal axis (18 ¹ ' ¹ ) the roller (16 ''') is machined at an angle (α, α') arranged annular beads (24) and recesses (26), in particular the to the longitudinal axis (18 ''') of the roller (16''' ) arranged at an angle (α, α ') annular beads (24) and recesses (26) of the roller (16, 16') have an essentially opposite feed position.

8. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 '') by two at least partially with an outer profile (22, 22 ') provided rollers

(16, 16 ') and an essentially non-profiled roller (16' '), which are arranged around the workpiece (12) or in the at least one bore (14' ') or similar recess.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 '') by two rollers (16, 16 ') with an outer profile (22, 22') in the form of to the longitudinal axes (18, 18 ') of the rollers (16, 16') at an angle (α, α ') arranged annular beads (24) and recesses (26) is processed.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the two rollers (16, 16 ') are driven in the same direction of rotation when the to the longitudinal axes (18, 18') of the rollers

(16, 16 ') at an angle (, α ¹ ) arranged annular beads (24) and recesses (26) of the two rollers (16, 16') have an essentially opposite feed position to each other.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the two rollers (16, 16 ') are driven in the opposite direction of rotation when the to the longitudinal axes (18, 18') of the rollers (16, 16 ') at an angle (α , α ') arranged annular beads (24) and recesses (26) of the two rollers (26, 26') have an essentially identical advance position to each other.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the workpiece (12 ') with at least one flat surface (14') by at least one at least partially provided with an outer profile (76, 76 ', 78, 78') Roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 ''), which is arranged substantially perpendicular or at an angle (β) to the workpiece (12 ') and can be rotated about its longitudinal axis (80).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the workpiece (12 ') through the at least one at least partially with an outer profile (76, 76', 78, 78 ') provided roller (74', 74 '') and by at least one other at least partially with an outer profile

(76, 76 ', 78, 78') provided roller (86 ', 86'') or an unprofiled roller (86, 86''') or similar support device which leads to the at least one roller (74 ', 74 '') is spaced opposite, is acted upon or supported.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface to be treated (14 ') of the workpiece (12') by the at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') with an outer profile (76 , 76 ', 78, 78') in the form of annular beads (94) and recesses (96).

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the surface to be treated (14 ') of the workpiece (12') by a plurality of rollers (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') with an outer profile

(76, 76 ', 78, 78') in the form of the annular beads (94) and recesses (96), the annular beads (94) and recesses (96) being arranged by mutually adjacent rollers (74 ', 74' ' , 86 ', 86' ') are different from one another in their design and arrangement and / or the rollers (74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' ') which are adjacent to one another are driven in different directions of rotation.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the surface to be treated (14 ') of the workpiece (12') by rolling (74 '', 86 '') with an outer profile (78, 78 ') in the form of Longitudinal axes (80) of the rollers (74 '', 86 '') at an angle (α, ¹ ) arranged annular beads (94) and recesses (96) is processed, the rollers

(74 '', 86 '') are driven in the substantially opposite feed position of the beads (94) and recesses (96) in the same direction of rotation or with essentially the same feed position of the beads (94) and recesses (96) in the opposite direction of rotation .

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the surface to be treated (14 ') of the workpiece

(12 ') is processed by rolling (74', 86 ') with an outer profile (76, 76') in the form of annular beads (94) and recesses (96) perpendicular to their longitudinal axes (80), in particular axially offset with respect to one another .

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, thereby DO

indicates that the treated workpiece (12, 12 ', 12'') or the at least partially treated surface (14, 14') or the at least one treated bore (14 ^{1 1} ) or similar recess of the workpiece (12, 12 ' , 12 '') with a coating of metal, such as chrome, copper or the like, and / or of a metal alloy and / or of a color and / or of plastic and / or anodized and / or galvanized and / or pickled.

19. Device for surface treatment of workpieces (12) with a round surface (14), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, the three rollers (16, 16 ', 16' 'arranged in parallel and around the workpiece (12) , 16 '' '), which at least partially provide an outer profile (22, 22') acting on the surface (14) of the workpiece (12) and each individually about their longitudinal axes (18, 18 ', 18' ', 18' '') and can be rotated together around the workpiece (12).

20. Device for the surface treatment of workpieces

(12 '') with at least one bore (14 '') or similar recess, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, the at least two, in particular three, parallel and arranged in the bore (14 '') or the like recess Rollers (16, 16 ', 16'',16' ¹ ') which at least partially provide an outer profile (22, 22') acting on the bore (14 '') or the like and each individually about their longitudinal axes (18th , 18 ', 18'',18''') and together in the bore (14 '') or the like recess are rotatable.

21. The apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that at least one roller, in particular two, rollers

(16, 16 ', 16'''), is / are at least partially provided with an outer profile (22, 22 ') acting on the workpiece (12, 12'').

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the other rollers, in particular a roller (16 ''), are / is not profiled.

23. Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the workpiece (12, 12 '') acting on the outer profile (22, 22 ') of the at least one roller (16, 16', 16 '' ') in shape of annular beads (24) and recesses (26) arranged at an angle (α, α ') to the longitudinal axis (18, 18', 18 '' ') of the roller (16, 16', 16 '' ') .

24. Device according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the at least one, in particular two, roller (s) (16, 16 ', 16' '') at least partially with one the workpiece (12, 12 '') in succession in the opposite direction acting outer profile (22, 22 ') are provided.

25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the one roller (16 '' ') with an outer profile (22, 22') in the form of to the longitudinal axis (18 '' ') of the roller (16' '') in an annular (α, ') arranged annular beads (24) and recesses (26) with an essentially opposite advance position is provided.

26. The apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that two mutually adjacent rollers (16, 16 ') with an outer profile (22, 22') with substantially opposite feed position of the beads (24) and recesses (26) in the same direction of rotation and at essentially the same forward position of the beads (24) and recesses (26) can be driven in the opposite direction of rotation.

27. The device according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 16''') is provided with non-profiled ends (30, 32).

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that the non-profiled end (30) of the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 16' ¹ ') on the upstream side in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12, 12'') has a slightly smaller outer diameter.

29. The device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the non-profiled end (32) of the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 16' '') downstream in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12, 12 '') has a slightly larger outer diameter having .

30. Device according to one of claims 19 to 29, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16'',16''') from a drive device (34) for rotating the rollers (16, 16 ', 16'',16''') individually about their longitudinal axes (18, 18 ', 18'',18''') and a drive head (36) or similar drive arrangement for rotating the rollers (16, 16 ', 16'', 16 ' ¹ ') are received together around the workpiece (12) or in the at least one bore (14 '') or the like of the workpiece (12 '').

31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '') of the drive device (34) with one end (30) rotatably, in particular via a profile (38) and a correspondingly shaped recess (40) of the drive device (34) and rotatably received by the drive head (36) or the like drive arrangement with one end (32).

32. Apparatus according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the drive device (34) and / or the drive head (36) is / are hydraulically or pneumatically controllable.

33. Device according to one of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the drive device (34) comprises drive motors (46), each one of the rollers (16, 16 ', 16 '') are assigned.

34. Device according to one of claims 30 to 33, characterized in that the drive head (36) or the like drive arrangement with a worm drive (48) is rotatable, which can be driven in particular via a separate drive motor (50).

35. Device according to one of claims 30 to 34, characterized in that the drive device (34) and the drive head (36) are designed to be relatively movable relative to one another.

36. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the drive device (34) via a guide device

(52) or the like and a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuable drive element (54), in particular a pressure cylinder or the like, is longitudinally displaceable.

37. Device according to one of claims 30 to 36, characterized in that the drive device (34) and / or the drive head (36) is / are provided with centering devices (58) for the workpiece (12).

38. Device for the surface treatment of workpieces (12 ') with at least one flat surface (14'), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, which is at least one substantially perpendicular or at an angle (β) to the longitudinal direction (arrow 28 ) of the workpiece (12 ') arranged roller (74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' ') which at least partially with an outer profile (76, 76' acting on the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') , 78, 78 ') and can be rotated about their longitudinal axis (80).

39. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the at least one at least partially with an outer profile (76, 76 ', 78, 78') provided roller (74 ', 74'') at least one further roller (86,', 86 'at least partially provided with an outer profile (76, 76', 78, 78 ') ') or non-profiled roller (86, 86' ¹ ') or similar support device is assigned opposite.

40. Apparatus according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') at least partially acts on the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') external profile ( 76, 76 ', 78, 78') in the form of annular beads (94) and recesses (96).

41. Apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the annular beads (94) and recesses (96) of the at least one roller (74 '') to the longitudinal axis (80) are arranged at an angle (α, α ').

42. Apparatus according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the annular beads (94) and recesses (96) of the at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (80) are arranged.

43. Device according to one of claims 38 to 42, characterized in that the at least one at least partially provided with an outer profile (76, 78) roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') has an additional at least partially roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') provided with an outer profile (76 ', 78') in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12 ') to act upon the surface (14') of the workpiece (12 ') in succession in opposite direction.

44. Apparatus according to claim 43, characterized in that the two successive rollers (74 '', 86 '') have annular beads (94) and recesses (96) which are at an angle (α, ') are arranged, the two rollers (74'',86'') being essentially opposing advance position of the beads (94) and recesses (96) in the same direction of rotation or with essentially the same advance position of the beads (94) and recesses (96) in the opposite direction of rotation.

45. Apparatus according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the two successive rollers (74 ', 86') have annular beads (94) and recesses (96) which are arranged perpendicular to their longitudinal axes (80), the two rollers (74 ', 86') and / or the annular beads (94) and recesses (96) are axially offset from one another.

46. Device according to one of claims 38 to 45, characterized in that the at least one roller provided at least partially with an outer profile (76, 76 ', 78, 78') which acts on the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') 74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') at least one non-profiled roller (74, 74 '' ', 86, 86' '') is arranged upstream and / or downstream in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12 ').

47. Apparatus according to claim 46, characterized in that the at least one upstream non-profiled roller (74, 74 '' ', 86, 86' '') has a slightly smaller outer diameter.

48. Apparatus according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the at least one downstream non-profiled roller (74, 74 '' ', 86, 86' '') has a slightly larger outer diameter.

49. Device according to one of claims 23 to 48, characterized in that the annular beads (24, 94) over the outer diameter of the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' ') protrude.

50. Device according to one of claims 38 to 49, thereby indicates that the at least one roller (74 ', 74') is mounted in a receiving device (72) which is relatively movable in relation to a supporting device (84) supporting the workpiece (12 ').

51. Device according to claim 50, characterized in that the receiving device (72) via a guide device (88) or the like and a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuatable drive element (90), in particular a pressure cylinder or the like, opposite the support device (84 ) is relatively adjustable.

52. Apparatus according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that the support device (84) the at least one further at least partially provided with an outer profile (78, 78 ') roller (86', 86 '') or non-profiled roller (86, 86 '' ') or the like.

53. Device according to one of claims 50 to 52, characterized in that the receiving device (72) and / or the support device (84) is / are hydraulically or pneumatically controllable.

54. Device according to one of claims 50 to 53, characterized in that the at least one (further) at least partially with an outer profile (76, 76 ', 78, 78') and / or non-profiled roller (74 ', 74' ' , 86 ', 86' 'or 74, 74' '', 86, 86 '' ') is assigned a separate drive motor (92).

55. Device according to one of claims 19 to 54, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16'', 74, 74', 74 '', 74 ''', 86, 86', 86 '', 86 ''') in several parts, in particular from a shaft (60) and a sleeve (64) connected to the shaft (60) in a rotationally fixed manner with the partially provided outer profile (22, 22', 76, 76 ', 78, 78') , the smooth upstream end (30), and the smooth downstream end (32) or with a smooth surface as a whole sets are.

56. Device according to one of claims 19 to 55, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16' ', 74, 74', 74 '', 74 '' ', 86, 86', 86 '', 86 '' ') can be cooled by an internal cooling system and / or an external cooling bath.

57. Use of a method and a device according to one of the preceding claims for the surface treatment of workpieces (12, 12 ', 12'') made of metal, in particular of base metals such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, Manganese, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, tin, zinc, or alloys thereof, such as brass, preferably made of steel and / or alloys containing aluminum and / or aluminum, such as AlMg 5Mn, AlMgSig 5, AlMgSi, AlMg ₅ , AlZn _4/5 mg, AlCuMg, AlCuMg _2, AlZnMgCu _0/5, AlZnMgCu ^ 5, AlCuMgPb or of noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or alloys thereof, or combinations thereof.

58. Use of the method and the device according to one of the preceding claims for the production of elongated, in particular hardened and / or coated, profiles (12, 12 ') made of solid material, in particular of wires, rods and strips, and / or of tubular material, in particular of pipes, preferably of head restraints in motor vehicles.

59. Use of the method and the device according to one of the preceding claims for the production of wound, in particular hardened and / or coated, workpieces, preferably of coil springs.

60. Use of the method and the device according to one of the preceding claims for producing bores

(14 '') or similar recesses in the workpiece (12 ''), in particular through bores and / or blind holes, preferably in engines of motor vehicles.