SK4242001A3 - Method and device for the surface treatment of workpieces and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for treating the surface of workpieces (12, 12', 12 ). According to said method the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) is at least partly subjected to the action of a roll (16, 16', 16''', 74', 74 , 86', 86 ) which is at least partly provided with an outer profile (22, 22', 76, 76', 78, 78'), in such a way that the treated surface (14, 14', 14 ) of the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) is subjected to internal compression stress and the areas of the workpiece (12, 12', 12 ) situated below the treated surface are subjected to internal tensile stress, in each case in the axial and tangential directions.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the surface treatment of workpieces and their use for the surface treatment of workpieces of metal, in particular of steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum-containing alloys.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

When drawing or extruding workpieces, such as elongated profiles, from metal, and in particular also from aluminum, their outer surface generally generates an oxide layer of partially increasing thickness. During (drawing or extrusion) cracks and similar defects are also generally formed on the surface of workpieces of metal, in particular of aluminum. Since these oxide layers as well as (longitudinal) cracks necessarily lead to a reduction in the strength of the workpieces, additional cleaning or cleaning is required. straightening the surface of the material. However, this is very labor-intensive and thus costly. In addition, workpieces made by drawing or extrusion generally have dimensions with wide tolerance ranges. Therefore, for further processing respectively. use of workpieces made by pulling or extrusion necessitating their subsequent straightening or other forming. However, such a work step also increases work demands, respectively. cost consumption. Comparable problems arise in the surface treatment of workpieces with holes or similar recesses, such as through holes and / or blind holes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for the surface treatment of workpieces, in particular profiles of any cross-section, or workpieces with holes or similar recesses, respectively. which is very simple and makes it possible to manufacture workpieces of particularly high strength and hardness and high precision without further labor and cost requirements, and their use in the treatment of workpieces, for example in the form of elongated profiles of metal, especially aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is very easily accomplished by a method and apparatus for surface treatment of workpieces according to the invention, which is characterized in that the workpiece is at least partially exposed to the action of a roller which is at least partially provided with an external profile. The workpieces lying under the surface to be treated are subjected to internal tensile stress, in each case in both the axial direction and the tangential direction. Said method for surface treatment of workpieces is very simple, so that it is possible to produce workpieces such as elongated profiles or holes thereof and other recesses, such as through holes or blind holes, without the need to incur too much robot and cost, while the strength and / or hardness is substantially increased, and the accuracy and smoothness are also significantly higher. According to the method of the invention, the surface of the material and / or the peripheral zone close to the surface is cleaned of brittle oxidized crusts, such as aluminum oxide crusts, and noxious contaminants.

To create materially

During the surface treatment, the surface effects are removed and at the same time any possible cracks caused are avoided. The resulting workpieces are lined with an identical sheath of several hundred micrometers, which has a reinforcing effect due to the increased material strength and the resulting compressive stress. The surface roughness is improved in comparison with the workpieces immediately after being pulled out. Roughness values Ra <0.1 are the rule. The workpieces thus acquire the property of self-stress, namely the internal compressive stress in the plastically formed surface resp. a peripheral zone close to the surface and an internal tensile stress in the regions lying below it which act against each other. The workpieces thus obtain a substantially improved fatigue limit. As a further advantage of the process according to the invention, the adhesion due to the substantially oxide layer and, as a consequence, the workpiece can be easily coated with galvanic coatings without the otherwise usual hydrogen embrittlement. Due to the improved adhesion, all conceivable methods of corrosion protection are generally also possible. By such a surface treatment it is possible to achieve a reinforced and cleaned surface structure from the porous oxide particles. By displacing such a partial surface treatment, the material obtains an internal stress system which results in a substantially improved fatigue limit.

appears to be reduced in thickness

Advantageous construction details of the method of the invention are described in claims 2 to 18. '

Of great importance for further simplifying the surface finish of the workpiece are the provisions of claim 2, wherein the workpiece is moved in an axial direction due to a roller at least partially provided with an outer profile. As a result, no special technical measures are required to further treat the workpiece after it has been finished.

In order to further increase the strength and hardness and at the same time the accuracy of the workpiece according to a particular embodiment of the invention according to claim 3, at least one, preferably two, cylinders each at least partially provided with an outer profile, successively in each direction. In this way, the workpiece surface to be machined is preferably shaped transversely to the direction of movement, first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

Particularly important for the surface finish of a workpiece with a round surface, for example oval or oval. the tubular material are the attributes of claim 4, according to which the workpiece adjoins at least one roller provided at least partially with an external profile which is arranged parallel to the workpiece and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and around the workpiece.

Very interesting for surface treatment of a workpiece with at least one hole or a similar recess respectively. the aperture or recess itself is the attributes of claim 5, according to which the workpiece adjoins a roller at least partially provided with an outer profile which is arranged parallel to the aperture or similar recess and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis also in the aperture or similar recess.

The invention further consists in that, according to claim 6, the workpiece or its surface in the form of a surface lying outside and / or lying inside, for example the inner wall of the opening, adjoins a roller at least partially provided with an outer profile and at least one, preferably two substantially non-profiled rollers. which are arranged around the workpiece or in at least one hole or similar recess.

According to the invention, it is provided in this connection that the workpiece is machined by a roller with one outer profile in the form of circular reinforcements arranged at an angle α and / or on the longitudinal axis of the roll and in the form of recesses. and on the longitudinal axis of the roll and the recesses of the roll are positioned substantially in opposite directions to each other.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, according to claim 8, two rollers are at least partially provided with an outer profile and one substantially non-profiled roll, which are arranged about the same distance around the workpiece.

According to claim 9, the workpiece and the workpiece are respectively. its surface to be treated preferably treated by two cylinders with one external profile in the form of circular reinforcements arranged at an angle and respectively on the longitudinal axis of the rolls and in the form of recesses.

In this connection, according to claim 10, two rollers are driven in the same direction of rotation, when the circular reinforcements are arranged at an angle and respectively a second angle. and on the longitudinal axes of the rollers and the recesses of the two rollers are aligned with one another in the opposite direction of movement.

Alternatively, there are attributes according to claim 11, wherein the rollers are driven in the opposite direction of rotation when the circular reinforcements arranged at an angle and / or on the longitudinal axis of the rollers and the recesses of the two rollers are aligned with each other in the same direction of movement.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, according to claim 12, a particularly preferred method for surface treatment of a workpiece with at least one flat surface is provided, wherein the workpiece adjoins the workpiece with at least partially an outer profile which is arranged substantially vertically or at an angle β to the workpiece and rotatable around its longitudinal axis.

According to the attributes of claim 13, it is suitably machined, respectively. supported by the at least one roller at least partially provided with the outer profile and the at least one other roller at least partially provided with the outer profile or with one non-profiled roller or a similar support device which lies at least opposite one roller.

One preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the workpiece surface to be treated according to claim 14 is machined by at least one outer profile roller in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses.

The invention further relates to a workpiece surface to be processed according to claim 15, which is machined by a plurality of cylinders having an external profile in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses, wherein the circular reinforcements and recesses of adjacent rollers are different and / or adjacent rollers. driven in different directions of rotation.

Ί

According to the invention according to claim 16, it is provided that the workpiece or workpiece surface to be treated is treated with cylinders having an external profile in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses arranged at an angle α and / or 'on the longitudinal axis of the rollers. at the opposite initial setting of the gain and recess in the same direction of rotation, basically at the same initial setting of the gain and recess in the opposite direction of rotation.

In addition, according to the invention, alternatively or cumulatively, it is assumed that the workpiece or the workpiece is resp. the surface of the workpiece to be treated according to claim 17 is treated by cylinders with an external profile in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses arranged vertically on the longitudinal axes, in particular offset relative to one another.

Finally, the attributes of claim 18 according to which the workpiece to be machined or the surface to be treated at least partially are respected are particularly important. at least the workpiece bore or similar recess of the workpiece is coated with a metal coating such as chrome, copper and the like. and / or metal alloy and / or paint and / or plastic, and / or anodized and / or galvanized and / or etched. With the invention it is possible to achieve considerably improved binding properties of the workpieces to be treated. This, in turn, generally results in a substantial improvement in the coating of the workpieces. For example, it is possible to coat an elongated profile, such as a wire, with an aluminum core with a sheath (closed or continuous) of copper. The copper coating remains extremely stable and particularly abrasion-resistant on the aluminum core. It is not necessary to use copper wires made of complex material. In addition to weight reduction, large cost savings can be achieved. The methods according to the invention can also be carried out not too burdensome hard chrome plating or similar coatings without the need for costly modifications. For example, prior to chromium plating of workpieces, we can omit costly and time-consuming peeling of near-surface oxide layers and / or contamination, such as brass shafts and the like. that were needed so far. It is also possible to apply abrasion-resistant layers, for example anodized paints, or anodizing resp. galvanization of workpieces.

Workpieces to be treated and / or coated can be made of non-noble metals such as aluminum, lead, chrome, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, polybdenum, silicon, tungsten, regardless of the properties or advantages of the material to be achieved. , tin, zinc or alloys thereof, such as brass, or noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or their alloys, or combinations of noble and noble metals. Preference is given to steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum-containing alloys such as, for example, AIMgisMn, AIMgS10, s, AIMgSi, AIMgs, AIZn4, sMg, AICuMg, AICuMg2, AIZnMgCuo, 5, AIZnMgCui, 5, AICu.

Surprisingly, as regards technical preparation, these tasks are simply solved in the attributes of claim 19.

Accordingly, the device according to the invention for the treatment of workpieces, for example of elongated profiles, with a rounded surface, has three cylinders arranged at least equally spaced apart and around the workpiece, which are provided at least partially with an external profile. around the workpiece. The device according to the invention is therefore characterized by a particularly simple and compact construction. The device according to the invention also ensures a considerably high manufacturing accuracy in the manufacture of workpieces with particularly high strength, hardness and higher accuracy. Workpieces, for example in the form of elongated profiles, can thus be produced with an accuracy of up to about 1/10 mm. In the device according to the invention, the workpieces, for example in the form of elongated profiles, are not subjected to any rotational movement during the surface treatment. Therefore, for workpieces with a round surface, a feed rate of up to about 100 meters per minute can be achieved. Due to the high machining speed, the device according to the invention allows a substantial reduction in the labor and cost of surface treatment of workpieces with a round surface.

Surprisingly, as regards technical preparation, these tasks are simply solved in the attributes of claim 20.

Accordingly, it is envisaged a surface treatment device which is suitable for the corresponding machining of workpieces or holes and / or other recesses, such as through holes and / or blind holes, in particular for carrying out the method according to the preceding claims, which comprises at least two, preferably three cylinders having an outer profile adjacent at least partially to the opening or similar recess and rotatable individually about their longitudinal axes and together in the opening or similar recess, arranged in parallel and in a bore or similar recess. In addition to the aforementioned advantages, it is also possible in this method to clamp workpieces for surface treatment.

Preferred construction details of the device according to the invention are described in claims 21 to 37.

Of great importance for the surface treatment of workpieces are the attributes of claims 21 and 22, according to which at least one roller, preferably two rollers are provided with an outer profile at least partially adjacent the workpiece and the other rollers, in particular one roll, are not profiled.

According to claim 23, there is provided an external profile abutting the workpiece or its surface and / or the opening of at least one cylinder in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses arranged at an angle α and a ', respectively, on the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.

In the attributes of claims 24 to 26, a method is preferred wherein at least one roller, preferably two rollers are provided with an outer profile and are disposed opposite to each other, i.e. allowing two forms to be substantially transverse or also oblique to the direction of movement of the workpiece.

Furthermore, according to claim 27, the invention is characterized in that at least one cylinder is provided with non-profiled ends.

In this case, according to claim 28, the non-profiled ends of the at least one roller located on the outlet side in the direction of movement of the workpiece have a slightly smaller outer diameter; this is to compensate for any unevenness of the workpiece or the workpiece. to perform certain corrective functions.

According to the attributes of claim 29, the non-profiled end of the at least one roller disposed on the downstream side in the direction of movement of the workpiece has a slightly larger outer diameter so that the surface-treated workpiece is brought to a constant dimension with a smooth surface.

Furthermore, according to claims 30 and 31, the principle of the invention is that, by the action of the drive device, the rollers are each driven individually about their longitudinal axes and by the action of the drive head they are brought together to rotate the roll together around the workpiece.

In the attributes of claim 32, there is provided a drive device and / or a drive head hydraulically or pneumatically operable, allowing continuous control, avoiding any slippage and thus accompanying a high surface smoothness of the workpiece. This also has the greatest effect on the workpiece sliding speed with respect to characteristics and operating conditions such as cylinder diameter, pitch of recesses and recesses, length, diameter and ratio between the inner and outer diameters of recesses and recesses, workpiece diameter, and many others.

In this connection, the drive of the rollers and the slug drive of the drive head according to claims 33 and 34 is effected by means of special drive motors which can be operated mainly hydraulically or pneumatically. This measure supports sufficiently precise control of the device according to the invention, so that the movement of the rollers and the screw drive can always be influenced individually.

This hydraulically or pneumatically acting drive device according to the invention is additionally supported by a seal arrangement as described, for example, in DE 195 10 809 A1. This arrangement of the seal allows, in addition to the actual rotation of the roll, a further rotation of the roll around the workpiece itself.

The attributes of claims 35 and 36 serve, in a further embodiment of the invention, for the versatility of the device, since, due to the relative mobility of the drive device and the drive head, they allow the length to be compensated for different lengths of rollers and thus arbitrary rollers.

Achieving high accuracy respectively. only a very low tolerance at a simultaneously higher feed rate relates to the further attributes of claim 37, according to which the drive device and / or the drive head is provided with a workpiece centering device. Thus, possible fluctuations that occur by surface treatment within the cylinder range can be eliminated or at least reduced.

Surprisingly, as regards technical preparation, this task is simply solved in the attributes of claim 38.

According to this claim, the device according to the invention comprises the treatment of workpieces, in particular of elongated profiles, with at least one flat surface at least one roller arranged substantially vertically or at an angle β to the longitudinal direction of the workpiece; the roller is provided with at least a partial outer profile abutting on the workpiece surface and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the surface treatment of workpieces of approximately rectangular shapes, for example of square diameter. The advantages that can be achieved with such a device are essentially identical to the aforementioned advantages with respect to the shape of the device for surface treatment of workpieces having a round surface, for example simple construction, production of workpieces characterized by particularly high strength and hardness and high accuracy. labor and costs, etc.

Pursuantly, the at least one cylinder according to claim 39 having a partially outer profile is arranged against one other cylinder provided with at least partially outer profile or a non-profiled roller or similar support device to perform the function of a so-called support bearing for at least one roller. If not only the upper surface of the workpiece is to be machined with at least one roller but also the lower surface, at least one further roller having an outer profile is provided. Otherwise, a non-profiled roller or similar support device may be used, for example in the form of a support plate, etc.

The attributes of claims 40 to 42 have great significance for the surface treatment, wherein at least one roller is provided with an outer profile in the form of circular reinforcements and recesses which are arranged on the longitudinal axis of each roller at an angle α and / or a and / or vertical.

Furthermore, the attributes of claim 43 are particularly important for further improving strength, hardness and accuracy. According to this claim, at least one roller provided with at least partially an outer profile is provided with another roller also provided with an at least partially external profile so that the workpiece surface abuts in the opposite direction, i.

forming transversely or obliquely to the direction of movement of the workpiece and then back again.

Such shaping of the workpiece surface back and forth can be carried out by the method according to the invention, according to the attributes of claims 44 and 45, depending on the design of the construction, the arrangement and the direction of rotation of the reinforcement and the selection of the outer profile.

It is an object of the invention according to claim 46 that at least one roller provided with at least partially an outer profile adjacent the workpiece surface is arranged in advance or subsequently at least one unprofile roller in the direction of movement of the workpiece.

According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, according to claim 47, the at least one pre-arranged non-profiled roller has a slightly smaller outer diameter so that the workpiece is fed uniformly to the outer profile while aligning or at least attenuating eventual unevenness and unwanted tolerances. Thus, at least one pre-arranged non-profiled cylinder has a certain repair function.

In order for the workpiece coming from the outer profile area to reach a predetermined degree with a smooth surface, according to claim 48, at least one subsequently arranged non-profiled roller has a slightly larger outer diameter. Thus, at least one subsequently arranged non-profiled roller can be used for post-forming.

Furthermore, the object of the invention according to claim 49 is characterized in that the circular reinforcements project beyond the outer diameter of the at least one cylinder.

The attributes of claims 50 to 52 serve to finish workpieces of any thickness, wherein the clamping device accommodates at least one roller which is relatively movable relative to the support device, for example in the form of one additional roller supporting the workpiece. The versatility of the device according to the invention is increased in this way since workpieces of any thickness or thickness can be treated. height.

According to claim 53, the clamping device and / or the support device is / are hydraulically or pneumatically operated as appropriate.

By the attribute of claim 54, at least one (further) cylinder can be assigned to a separate drive motor and thus individual control of the individual cylinders can be achieved according to the purpose.

The object of the invention according to claim 55 further consists in that the rollers are built as multi-part, in particular, for example, from one high-strength shaft and one high-strength and hardness bushing, and the abrasion resistance associated therewith, firmly connected to the shaft.

In a further embodiment of the invention according to claim 56, the rollers can be cooled by means of an internal cooling system and / or an external cooling bath and thereby increase the service life of the device.

It is also possible according to claim 57 to produce workpieces of metal, in particular of non-noble metals such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobal, nickel, copper, manganese, polybdenum, silicon, tungsten, tin, zinc. or alloys thereof, such as brass, preferably steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum-containing alloys such as AIMg4, sMn, AIMgS10,5, AIMgSi, AIMgs, AIZn4, sMg, AICuMg, AICuMg2, AIZnMgCMo, 5, AuIggMuM, , AICuMgPb, or of noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or alloys thereof, or combinations of noble and noble metals. The production of workpieces of, for example, aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys has recently proved to be particularly suitable in view of various advantageous properties, such as corrosion resistance, low specific gravity, etc. Especially in the automotive industry, these materials are increasingly used. The disadvantages attributed to this material, such as the lack of strength so far, labor intensive and costly preliminary and post-treatment of the surface of the material, i.e., the oxide layer, and (longitudinal) cracks as well as greatly tolerated ranges, etc. They can be removed very easily by the method according to the invention and the associated apparatus.

According to claim 58, elongated, particularly hardened and / or coated profiles can thus be produced from a complex material, in particular wires, rods and strips, and / or from tube-shaped material, in particular tubes, preferably head restraint holders in automobiles.

The method and apparatus according to claim 59 can also be used for producing coiled, particularly hardened and / or coated workpieces, preferably helical springs.

If appropriate, the method and apparatus according to claim 58 of the present invention are also suitable for producing apertures or similar recesses, especially through holes and / or blind holes in automobile engines.

Due to the considerable increase in strength and hardness, improved durability, only slightly higher height tolerance and high smoothness and improved adhesion, the workpiece made of aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys has never before been used in electroplating or other corrosion and oxidation prevention materials. the versatility of the aluminum or aluminum-containing alloy material and their previously known advantages are further increased.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other attributes, advantages, and details of the invention are explained in more detail by the following examples. The drawings show:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of an embodiment of a workpiece surface treatment device according to the invention, wherein the workpiece is partially cut, with a round surface, for example of an oval or tubular material,

Fig. 2 is a partially selected top view of the device according to the invention, indicated in Fig. 1 by arrows II-II, in enlarged view, of the invention, enlarged;

FIG from above per device according to marked on FIG arrows III-III, vo display FIG from above per device according to marked on Fig. 1 arrows IV-IV, zo display

of the invention, enlarged

Fig. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of the apparatus of the invention designated V-V in FIG. 1, and a top view of the three cylinders of the apparatus of the invention shown in FIG. 5A, always in a magnified view,

Fig. 6A, 6B and 6C are side elevational views of a schematic representation of an embodiment of the three cylinders of the device according to the invention according to FIGS.

7A and 7B are a partial cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 1 and a top view of a schematic representation of the three rollers of the apparatus of the invention shown in FIG.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are cross-sectional diagrams of another embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 1 and a top plan view of the three rollers of the apparatus of the invention shown in FIG.

9A and 9B are a front view of a schematic of another embodiment of a device according to the invention designed to surface a partially cut workpiece with at least one flat surface, for example a workpiece of square, rectangular or otherwise polygonal diameter;

10A and 10B are side and top views schematically illustrating the rollers of the embodiment of the device of the invention of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a side and top plan view of the cylinders of the embodiment of the apparatus of FIG.

12A and 12B are a partially selected side view of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 7 and a top view of the three-cylinder diagram of the device according to the invention corresponding to FIG.

Fig. 13A, 13B and 13C schematically illustrate three exemplary embodiments of a possible process of manufacturing a workpiece of any diameter, in which the device according to the invention is always integrated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description of various exemplary embodiments of a device 10 for the treatment of workpieces 12 according to the invention, for example in the form of elongated profiles, with a rounded surface 14, for example a round diameter in the form of rounded or tubular material. a flat surface 14 ', for example with a quadratic or - as shown here - rectangular or other polygonal diameter, and workpieces

12 '' with at least one opening 14 '' or a similar recess as a through and / or blind hole, the corresponding components are provided with identical reference numerals in each case.

Figures 1 to 6C show an embodiment of a surface treatment device 10 according to the invention, such as having elongated profiles, with a round surface 14.

distances, i. cylinders 16, 16 ', 16'

2-4 and 5A, the apparatus 10 comprises three cylinders 16, 16 ', 16 ' which are arranged parallel to each other and spaced approximately 120 [deg.] About the workpiece 12 at approximately the same spacing. 2 to 4 and 5A of the device 10 always have the same diameter. Also their longitudinal axes 18, 18 ', 18 ' The diameter of the three rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'may also vary.

The rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are provided with at least partially an outer profile 22, 22' adjacent the surface 14 of the workpiece 12. In the embodiment 10 of Figures 1 to 6C, the rollers 16, 16 'are provided with such an external profile 22, 22'. . The cylinder 16 '', on the other hand, is not profiled. In principle, however, instead of two rollers 16, 16 ', it is also possible to provide only one roll with the same outer profile adjacent the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 (cf. FIGS. 7A, 7B). It is also conceivable to provide such an external profile abutting on the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 all three parallel rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'arranged around the workpiece 12 and at approximately the same distance from each other (not shown).

The outer profile 22,22 'of the two rollers 16,16' adjacent to the workpiece surface 14 is formed in the form of circular reinforcements 24 and recesses 26 disposed therebetween, arranged at an angle α to the longitudinal axis 18,18 'of the rollers 16,16' '. The reinforcements 24 and recesses 26 of both rollers 16, 16 '' thus extend obliquely in the longitudinal direction of the rollers 16, 16 ''. The circular reinforcements 24 protrude above the outer diameter of the rollers 16, 16 &quot;.

The two rollers 16, 16 'are at least partially provided with an outer profile 22, 22' adjacent to the surface 14 of the workpiece 12, respectively, in the opposite direction, i.e. in each case. the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is shaped first in one direction and then in the reverse direction.

In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, the reinforcements 24 and recesses 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 'of the two cylinders 16, 16' are arranged opposite to each other, i.e. approximately crosswise. Although the angle α of the outer profile 22 of the cylinder 16 is identical to the angle α 'of the outer profile 22 of the cylinder 16', the angles α and α 'differ by sign, so that they are once positive and once negative or inverted. The angle α, α 'is in the range between 2 ° and 85 °, preferably between 2 ° and 60 ° and most preferably between 2 ° and 10 ° inclusive.

For this, however, it is alternatively or cumulatively possible that the angles α, α 'of the inclination of the circular reinforcement 24 and the recesses 26 differ from one another, for example that the angle α is 30 ° and the angle α' 45 °. Any other combination is also envisaged.

Referring to FIG. The recesses 26 are formed from right to left in the case of cylinder 16 and from left to right in the case of cylinder 16 '. In order to move the workpiece 12 from such a substantially opposed position of the reinforcement 24 and the recess 26 of the two mutually adjacent rollers 16, 16 ', the two rollers 16, 16' are driven in the same direction of rotation.

In contrast, if the position of the reinforcement 24 and the recesses 26 are substantially the same, the two adjacent rollers 16, 16 'are driven in the opposite direction of rotation (not shown).

The workpiece 12 moves in the direction of the arrow 28 by the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' to the left in the embodiment of the device 10 according to FIGS. 1 and 5B.

The rollers 16, 16 'have two ends 30, 32 which, as shown in Figures 5B, 6A and 6B, define the outer profile 22, 22'. The end 30 on the leading side and the end 32 on the outlet side of the rollers 16, 16 'in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 are formed non-profiled respectively. smooth. The end 30 on the leading side of the rollers 16, 16 'has a slightly smaller outer diameter in order to compensate for any unevenness of the workpiece 12 fed to the outer profile 22, 22', respectively. to perform some corrective functions beforehand. The end 32 on the outlet side of the rollers 16, 16 ', on the other hand, has a slightly larger diameter, so that the workpiece 12 coming from the range of the outer profile 22, 22' reaches a constant dimension, that is to say the actual. the desired dimension of the workpiece 12, with a particularly smooth surface, or a slightly tolerated dimension. The cylinder 16 '', on the other hand, is provided with a continuously smooth surface.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16''are each pivotable individually about their longitudinal axes 18, 18', 18 '', as shown separately in Fig. 5A. As already mentioned, the two cylinders 16, 16 'with the opposing outer profile 22, 22' are always driven in the same direction of rotation, the cylinder ^16zz with an exceptionally smooth surface being driven to this in the opposite direction of rotation. However, the direction of rotation of the cylinder 16 ^zz with an exceptionally smooth surface can be chosen at will.

Cylinders ^of 16.16, according to FIG 16''sú by a drive means 34 and the drive head 36. The drive means 34 is designed to rotate the rolls 16,16 '16''vždy individually about their axes pzdĺžnych 18,18' 18 ''. The drive head 36 or similar drive arrangement serves to rotate the cylinders 16, 16 ', 16''together around the workpiece 12.

The end 30 on the leading side of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'is according to FIG. 1, 3 and 6A to 6C by a profile 38, for example a square profile, in a correspondingly shaped, substantially precisely aligned recess 40 (cf. FIG. 3) of a hydraulic drive device 34 mounted against rotation. The end 32 on the outlet side of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16 ' is always secured against rotation by a pin 42 in the recess 43 of the drive head 36 (cf. FIG. 2).

In the embodiment of the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1, the drive apparatus 34 is upstream of the drive head 36 or a similar drive arrangement in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 according to the arrow 28. However, it is also possible to engage the drive apparatus 34 behind the drive head 36 or a similar arrangement. drive in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12, so that the current end 30 on the leading side of the rollers 16, 16 '', 16 '' would be supported in the drive head 36 and the current end 32 on the downstream side of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' '. mounted in the drive device 34 firmly against rotation.

The drive device 34 and / or the drive head 36 or a similar drive arrangement of the three cylinders 16, 16 ', 16''is / are operable hydraulically or pneumatically in the embodiment 10 of the invention shown in Figure 1. Such a three-cylinder drive 16, 16 &apos;, 16 ' ^z allows continuous control to prevent any slip and hence the high smoothness of the workpiece surface 14 in this treatment. the pneumatically driven drive head 36 can be supported, for example, by arranging a seal according to a preferred method as described in DE 196 10 809 A1. The drive device 34 and / or the drive head 36 is / are operable or operable. adjustable via control panel 44.

In this case, the drive device 34 comprises three separate, in particular hydraulically driven, drive motors 46, which are arranged in each case on one cylinder 16, 16, 16, 16 '. However, it is also possible to drive the two profiled rollers 16, 16 ^by means of a drive motor 46.

The drive head 36 or the like of the drive arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is effectively engaged with the slug drive 48. To avoid slipping, the snail drive 48 and hence the drive head 36 are also driven by the drive motor 50 hydraulically or pneumatically. Similarly, the speed of the worm drive 48, which also determines the rotation speed of the drive head 36 and hence the common rotational movement of the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'around the workpieces 12, determines the movement of the workpiece 12 by the apparatus 10 of the invention.

Further, the drive device 34 and the drive head 36 are formed relative to each other in a relatively movable manner. For this purpose, the drive device 34 is designed to be longitudinally displaceable through a guide device 52 in the form of a guide rod or the like and and mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuable drive element 54 is supported by the frame 56 of the device 10. roll. In this way, it is possible to perform the punching of lengths of different lengths 16, 16 ', 16 ', whereby the interchangeability of the cylinders 16, 16 ', 16 ' and thus the versatility of the device 10 is further increased.

In order to obtain a workpiece 12 of particularly high precision, respectively. only very small tolerances, centering devices are also provided for the drive device 34 and the drive head 36. This stabilizes the workpiece 12 moving at a higher speed by the device 10 according to the invention according to the arrow 28, while the fluctuations that occur in the present case during surface treatment in the range of rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'can thus be eliminated.

As schematically shown in FIG. 1, the cylinders 16, 16 ', 16' 'are cooled by an internal cooling system. Alternatively or cumulatively, the rollers 16, 16 ',

16 '', in addition to cooling in a manner known per se, by means of a cooling bath (not shown).

Since the workpiece 12 is not subjected to any rotational movement, the surface of the workpiece 12 is preferably treated with rollers 16, 16 ', 16' ', which each rotate individually about their longitudinal axes 18,18', 18 '' and together This allows a feed rate of as little as 100 meters / minute. Despite the improved performance of the device 10, it is possible to achieve a particularly high accuracy in the desired dimension of the workpiece 12 by means of rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'located on the leading side. For example, it is possible to achieve an accuracy of at least 1/10 mm, without any special finishing.

By opposing the equalization of the reinforcement 24 and the recess 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 'of the cylinders 16, 16', which can be referred to as crosswise, the workpiece 12 is subjected to a longitudinal movement without causing a rotational movement.

According to the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to achieve a multifaceted use of this device. Thus, it is possible to individually use rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'with different lengths, different diameters and different external profiles 22, 22' ', i.e., different diameters. j. arranging the reinforcement 24 and the recess 26 with different pitches, in different numbers of the reinforcement 24 and the recess 26, with different spacings, etc., depending on the dimensions, material properties, etc. of the workpiece being processed 12.

6A to 6C, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are made of multiple parts. Thus, the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'each comprise one shaft 60 provided with a stop 62 in the range of the profile 38. The shaft 60 connects the housing 64 or the outer profile 22,22', the end 30 on the leading side and the end 32 on the outlet side; with an overall smooth surface. The housing 64 is secured against rotation on the shaft 60 by a slot wedge 66. In the axial direction, the housing 64 on the shaft 60 is secured by a stop 62, a ring 68 and a nut 70. Thanks to this multi-piece arrangement it is possible in case of abrasion or damage to the outer profile 22, 22 '. 16, 16 ' 16 '' to replace at no additional cost. Furthermore, such a multi-part construction has the advantage that the shaft 60 and the bushing 64 can be manufactured in different ways, so that the shaft 60 finally exhibits a high viscosity and the bushing 64 with the outer profile of the 22,22 'cylinders 16,16' respectively. 16 '' high hardness and thus high abrasion resistance.

In the embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a single roller, namely a roller 16 '' ', is provided with at least partially an outer profile 22,22' which adjoins the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 subsequently in reverse. . the surface 14 of the workpiece 12 is shaped first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

7A and 7B, the reinforcements 24 and recesses 26 of the outer profile 22, 22 ' of the cylinder 16 ' '' around the cross. Although the angle α of the outer profile 22 is identical to the angle α 'of the outer profile 27 / of the cylinder 16' '', the angles α and α 'differ respectively in the designation. cylinder

16 '' 'rotates around its axis 18' ''. Both rollers 16 '' are formed as non-profiled.

Finally, the exemplary embodiment of the device 10 of the present invention shown in Figs. 7A and 8B differs from that of Figs. 1 to 6C in that the surface finish rollers 16, 16 ', 16 ^{zz or} the inner wall of the ^zz orifice 14 or similar recess. for example, through holes and / or blind holes, such as cylinder diameters, are used in an automobile engine housing. It is also possible, as in 7A, 7B cylinder 16 ^zzz only provide an outer profile 22 and / or 22 'and / or further profiled rollers 16,16', 16 '' ⁱⁿ order ^to finish the work piece 12 '' respectively. the inner wall of the aperture 14 '' (not shown).

The rollers 16, 16 ', 16' ', which always carry, for example, a handle 17, 17', 17 '', etc. (clearly shown), are supported simultaneously on the inner wall of the opening 14 '' of the workpiece 12 ''. This is even more advantageous when the rollers 16, 16 ', 16' 'are loaded, in particular in the case of a blind hole surface, as loose support. It is also conceivable to use only one cylinder 16. Preferably, however, at least two cylinders 16, 16 'and 16' should be used. 16 '' of which at least one is profiled. The two cylinders 16, 16 ' 16 '' should be arranged facing each other, their outer diameter could roll on the inner diameter of the opening 14 '' to achieve an additional support function in the surface treatment. This can further improve the high precision of the workpiece 12 '' after the surface treatment.

9A to 12B, FIG

10, which can be used to finish the workpieces 12 'accordingly. Billets

12 'generally have at least one flat surface relative to the workpieces 12. In the example, the workpiece is a rectangular cross-sectional workpiece (cf. particularly Fig. 12A), the upper and lower surfaces 14 'of which are uniformly machined.

The surface treatment device 10 of such workpieces 12 'with at least one flat surface is designed as a press or the like in the embodiment of FIGS. 9A and 9B. The device 10 comprises a clamping device 72, wherein a total of four pairs of rollers 74, 74 ', 74' ', 74' '' are arranged one after the other in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'at the arrow 28 and at least partially provided with an outer profile 76,76. ', 78.78' adjacent the workpiece surface 14 ', which are described in further detail below.

The rollers 74,74 ', 74' ', 74' '' are arranged to be rotatable about their longitudinal axis 80 in the support frame 79, which is connected to the head 82 of the clamping device 72. As shown in FIG. 74 '', 74 '' 'arranged vertically to the direction of movement of the workpiece 12' according to the arrow 28. However, these rollers can be adjusted at an angle β (not shown). The angle β in this example is 0 °.

The clamping device 72 acts together with a support device 84 which is arranged to lie against the clamping device 72 and acts here as a so-called support bearing on the workpiece 12 in its surface treatment. The support device 84 also constitutes a total of four pairs of rollers 86, 86 ', 86' ', 86' '', corresponding to the number and arrangement of the four pairs of rollers 74,74 ', 74' ', 74' ''.

86, 86 ', 86' ', 86' '' are therefore also arranged in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 'according to the arrow 24 and at least partially provided with a surface 14' of the workpiece 12 'abutting the outer profile 7 6, 76', 78,78 ' .

However, if treatment of the lower surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' is not necessary, it will be understood that non-profiling rollers 86, 86 '' may also be used instead of rollers 86 ', 86' 'with an outer profile 7 of 6.76', 78, 78 '. '. It is also possible not to create a support device 84 with rollers 86, 86 ', 86' ', 86' '' or instead to provide them with, for example, a support plate or the like.

The clamping device 72 with at least one roller 74 ', 74' 'modifying the upper surface 14' of the workpiece 12 'is relatively movable against a support device 84 supporting the surface 14'. In this way it is ensured that the workpieces 12 / can be adjusted to any thickness.

For this purpose, the clamping device 72 is relatively movable through a guiding device 88, for example in the form of guide rods 89 and the like, and a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuatable drive element 90 is relatively movable, i. adjustable in height against the support device 84. The serviceable drive element 90 is preferably a pressure cylinder.

The clamping device 72 and / or the support device 84 is / are operable hydraulically or pneumatically. Cylinder pairs 74, 74 &quot; 8, 86 '' ', which always have a smooth surface, are driven rotatable by separate drive motors 92 about their own longitudinal axes 80. Drive motors. 92 are in this case preferably in the form of a hydraulic or a hydraulic system. pneumatic motors. In this way, the workpiece feed 12 'can be adjusted as desired, but at the same time accurately and above all continuously. Rollers 74 ', 74' ', respectively.

86 ', 86' ', on the other hand, are only loosely rotatable in the support frame 79 of the clamping device 72.

Also, when only the cylinders 74, 7 '', 86, 86 '' 'are rotated according to the example of the device 10 shown in Figs. 9A to 12B through the drive motors 92, it is possible for alternatively or cumulatively to be driven over the same drive motors. actuated single or all cylinders 7 4 ', 7 4' 'and / or 86', 86 '' with an external profile 76,76 ', 78,78'. As a result, the movement of the workpiece 12 'can be further supported.

Depending on the individual need and / or requirements for strength and / or dimensional accuracy of the workpiece 12 ', this embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention described in the example can be varied as desired. Thus, it is also possible, inter alia, to treat the upper and / or lower surface 14 'of the workpiece 12' with only one roller 74 ', 74' ', respectively. 86 ', 86' ', which is at least partially provided with an outer profile 76,76', 78,78 'adjacent the surface 14' of the workpiece 12 '. Similarly, the number of rollers 74 ', 74' ', respectively, is possible. 86 ', 86' 'with an external profile of 76.76', 78.78 'increase.

From Figs. 10A, 11, 12A and 12B it can be clearly deduced that the rollers 7, 4, 7, 4 ' 86 ', 86' ', at least partially provided with an outer profile 76,76', 78,78 'adjacent to the workpiece surface 14' of the workpiece 12 ', are in the form of circular reinforcements 94 and recesses 96. The 78.78 'are in each case aligned with each other.

With rollers 74 ^z , 86 ^z , the annular reinforcements 94 and recesses 96 are arranged vertically on the longitudinal axis 80 of the rollers 74 ^z , 86 ^z . Consequently, the annular beads 94 and recesses 96 ^{of the} cylinders 74, 86 ^{of the} balanced parallel in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 / the arrow 28th

The rolls 74 / ', 6 8 ^of' the beads 94 and recesses 96 arranged in accordance with an embodiment obr.lk the longitudinal axes 80 of cylinders 74 ^{zz, zz} 86 or at an angle. and ^z . As a result, the reinforcements 94 and recesses 96 are provided with an incline or an incline. are oriented obliquely to the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 ^z according to the arrow 28. The reinforcements 94 and recesses 96 are in turn opposite, i.e. arranged crosswise.

Preferably, rolls 74 ', 86 ^of respectively. 74 ^zz , 86 ^zz with an outer profile 76, 76 ', 78.78 ^z arranged in pairs in the direction of movement of the workpiece 12 / according to the arrow 28, in such a way that the surface 14 ^{of the} workpiece 14' abuts successively in the opposite direction. The surface 14 ^of the workpiece 12 'is thus formed approximately transversely to the direction of movement ^of the workpiece 12 by the arrow 28, once there and then in the opposite direction back again.

This can be done with two cylinders 74 / or 86 / arranged with each other with annular reinforcements 94 and recesses 96 arranged vertically on their longitudinal axis 80 so that the two cylinders 74 /, respectively 86 ^of and / or annular reinforcements 94 and recesses 96 are disposed axially relative to each other.

Where the two rolls 74 ^{zz, zz} .86 respectively to the annular beads 94 and recesses 96 arranged on its longitudinal axis 80 at an angle ^of or resistive are two ways this forming surface 14 'of the workpiece 12 in the direction back and forth. In the first two cylinders 74 ^zz , respectively. 86 ^{of the} 'driven in the same direction of rotation, of the embodiment shown in obr.lOA and 9, wherein the beads 94 and the recess 96 is set substantially against one another. Secondly, it is possible for the two cylinders 74 ^zz and 86 ^{zz respectively to} be driven in the opposite direction, while the gain 94 and the recess 96 are adjusted substantially the same (not shown). Both embodiments are equally important in terms of efficacy and function.

In FIGS. 10A, 11 and 12B, it should be emphasized that the pairs of cylinders 74, 74 ^zzz and 86, 86 ^z ' ^z have a smooth surface. Rollers 74.74 ^from respectively. 86, 86 ^zzz are arranged in advance or subsequently to the corresponding cylinders 74 ^z , 74 ^zz, respectively. 86 ^z , 86 ^zz with an external profile 76, 76 ^z , respectively. 7 8.7 8 ^the movement of the workpiece in the direction 12 'of arrow 28. Rollers 70 resp.8 6 disposed on the leading side in the movement direction but have a slightly smaller outer diameter, the rollers 70 or ^zzz. 86 ^z located on the outlet side in the direction of movement have a slightly larger outer diameter.

Among other things, it is possible to use the cylinders 74 ^z , 86 ^z or 74 ^zz , 86 ^zz and / or to combine the cylinders 74 ^z , 86 ^z and / or 74 ^zz , 86 ^z with each other or also together in any other order. least one cylinder 74 ^of the outer profile 76, a roll 74 ^zz with an outer profile 78, a roll 74 ^zz with an outer profile 78 'and a roll 74 ^zz with the outer profile ^of 76 or in any other combination.

As shown in particular in FIG. 12A, the cylinders 74 ^z , 86 ^z may also be arranged with mutually different outer profiles 76, 76 'and so on. The same applies to rollers 74 '', 86 ''.

Fig. 13A and 13B illustrate processes where the surface treatment is integrated according to the method of the apparatus of the invention.

According to FIG. 13A, the workpiece 12, 12 ', preferably made of aluminum, is molded in a press 98, then cooled in a bath 100, then straightened on a directional bench 102, then surface treated in a device 10 according to the invention, then shaped in a molding. the bench 104 and finally is cut in the cutting device 106.

The method of Fig. 13B differs from the method of Fig. 13A only in that the workpiece 12, 12 's, after being coated in the device 10 according to the invention, is wound onto a winder 108. This is possible with the device 10 according to the invention is not subjected to any intrinsic rotation, but moves only directly in the longitudinal direction according to the arrow 28.

The method of FIG. 13C again differs from that of FIG. 13B only in the apparatus 110 for coating and / or anodizing and / or galvanizing and / or etching a workpiece 12, 12 'using metals such as chrome, copper, etc., inks, e.g. anodized abrasion-resistant paints or plastics.

The device 110 is arranged between the surface treatment device 10 of the invention and the winder 108.

The method and apparatus 10 according to the invention are particularly well suited for mass production of elongated profiles, such as head restraints in automobiles and the like, which are preferably made of aluminum or aluminum-containing alloys. In particular, the head restraints thus produced are characterized by a high strength and, on the other hand, also a certain formability, so that, in the event of a frontal impact, injuries to the head of the occupants in the car which have occurred so far can be prevented.

The method and the associated apparatus according to the invention are not limited to the embodiments described so far in the examples. 9A to 12B, it is therefore also possible to provide the side surfaces, the upper and the lower surfaces respectively in the apparatus according to the invention shown in FIGS. lower workpiece surfaces. For this purpose, at least one cylinder with an external profile must be arranged vertically on the cylinder described above. In addition, it is possible to form a workpiece for surface treatment from any commercially available metal or metal material. metal alloys. The same applies to possible coatings of a pre-treated workpiece or a workpiece. surface or aperture, etc., which may also be formed arbitrarily and may consist of metal or a metal alloy and / or paint and / or plastic.

Claims (47)

A surface treatment method (12, 12 ', 12) (12, 12', 12) characterized in that it is at least partially exposed to the operation of a cylinder (16, 16 ', 16' ', 74' ', 74' '). , 86 ', 86' '), which is at least partially provided with an outer profile (22,22', 76, 76 ', 78,78') so that the treated workpiece surface (12,12 ', 12' ') is exposed and that the areas of the workpiece) below the surface to be treated are in each case subjected to internal tensile stresses both in the axial direction and in the tangential direction. (14,14 ', 14) inner (12,12', 12) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece (12,12 ', 12' ') moves in the direction of the axis under the influence of a roller (16,16', 16 provided at least partially (22,22 ', 76,76'). 78,78 '). ', 74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' '), the external profile. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one, preferably two, cylinders provided at least partially with an external profile (22, 22 ', 76, 76) adjoin the workpiece (12, 12', 12). ', 78,78'), always in the opposite direction. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one cylinder (16, 16 ', 16') provided with at least partially an external profile (22, 22 ') adjoins the workpiece (12) with the round surface (14). which is arranged parallel to the workpiece (12) and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis (18,18 ', 18' '') and about the workpiece (12). Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the workpiece (12) with at least one bore (14 '') or a similar recess adjoins the roller (16,16 ') at least partially provided with an outer profile (22). 22 '), which is arranged parallel to the opening (14' ') or a similar recess and is rotatable about its longitudinal axis (18,18') also in the opening (14 '') or a similar recess. Method according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the workpiece (12,12 '') is supported by a roller (16,16 ', 16' '') at least partially provided with an outer profile (22,22). ') and at least one, preferably two substantially non-profiled rollers (16' '), which are arranged around the workpiece (12) and 12', respectively. in at least one hole (14 '') or similar recess. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the workpiece (12,12 '') is machined by a roller (16 '' ') with one outer profile (22,22') in the form of circular thickenings (24) arranged in a the angles (α, a ') to the longitudinal axis (18' '') of the cylinder (16 '' ') and the recesses (26), wherein particularly circular reinforcements (24) arranged at an angle (α, a') to the longitudinal axis (18) '') of the cylinder (16 '' ') and the recess (26) of the cylinder (16,16' '). are positioned in opposite directions of movement. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that two rollers (16, 16 ') at least partially provided with an outer profile (22, 22') and one substantially adjacent the workpiece (12, 12 ''). a non-profiled cylinder (16 '') which is arranged around the workpiece (12) and the workpiece (12), respectively. in at least one hole (14 '') or similar recess. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the workpiece (12,12 '') is machined by two rollers (16,16 ') with one outer profile (22,22') in the form of circular reinforcements (24) arranged at an angle (α, a ') on the longitudinal axis (18,18') of the rollers (16,16 ') and the recess (26). A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the two rollers (16, 16 ') are driven in the same direction of rotation when the circular thickeners (24) arranged at an angle (α, a') on the longitudinal axis (18, 18 '). 18 ') of the rollers (16, 16') and the recess (26) of the two rollers (16, 16 ') are aligned with each other in the opposite direction of movement. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the two rollers (16,16 ') are driven in the opposite direction of rotation when the circular thickenings (24) are arranged at an angle (α, a') on the longitudinal axis (18,18 ') The rollers (16, 16 ') and the recesses (26) of the two rollers (26, 26') are aligned with one another in the same direction of movement. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one roller (74,74 ', 86,86' ') provided with at least partially external contact with the workpiece (12') with at least one flat surface (14 ') profile (76,76 ', 78,78' '), which is arranged substantially vertically or at an angle (β) to the workpiece (12') and is rotating around its longitudinal axis (80). 13th process by claim 12, in y z n and no u j ú c i sa t ý m, a woman workpiece (12 ' ) or him supports at least one roller (74,74 ') at least partially provided with an outer profile (76,76', 78,78 '') and at least one other roller (86 ', 86' ') at least partially provided with an external profile (76,76' , 78.78 '') or a single non-profiled roller (86.86 '' ') or similar support device which lies at least opposite one roller (74, 74'). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') to be machined is treated with at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') with an outer profile (76.76 ', 78.78') in the form of circular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96). Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') to be machined is machined by a plurality of rollers (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') with an outer profile (76). , 76 ', 78,78') in the form of circular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96), wherein the circular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96) of adjacent cylinders (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '' ) are different in their design and arrangement and / or the adjacent rollers (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') are driven in different directions of rotation. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') to be machined is processed by cylinders (74 '', 86 '') with an external profile (78,78 ') in the form of circular the reinforcements (94) and recesses (96) arranged at an angle (α, a ') on the longitudinal axis (80), the rollers (74' ', 86' ') being driven essentially at the opposite initial setting of the reinforcement (94); the recess (96) in the same direction of rotation or substantially the same initial setting of the gain (94) and the recess (96) in the opposite direction of rotation. Method according to claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') to be machined is treated by rollers (74 ', 86') with an external profile (76,76). ') in the form of annular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96) arranged vertically on the longitudinal axis (80), particularly arranged one along the other. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the workpiece (12,12 ', 12' ') or the at least partially machined surface (14,14') and the workpiece (12, 14 '') respectively. at least the machined hole (14 '') or a similar recess of the workpiece (12,12 ', 12' ') is coated with a metal coating such as chrome copper and the like. and / or metal alloy and / or paint and / or plastic, and / or anodized and / or galvanized and / or etched. Apparatus for treating the surface of a workpiece (12) with a rounded surface (14), in particular for carrying out the method according to the preceding claims, comprising three parallel and arranged cylinders (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '' arranged around the workpiece (12). ) having an outer profile (22, 22 ') in the form of circular reinforcements (24) and recesses (26) arranged at an angle (α, d') to the longitudinal axis (18,18 ', 18,18') of the cylinder (16) , 16 ', 16, 16'), which at least partially abut the surface (14) of the workpiece (12) and are each pivotable individually about their longitudinal axes (18,18 ', 18' ', 18') and together around the workpiece (12). 12). Apparatus for working the surface of a workpiece (12) with at least one hole (14) or a similar recess, in particular for carrying out a method according to the preceding claims, comprising at least two, preferably three, parallel cylinders arranged in a hole (14 '') or a similar recess (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '') having at least partially an outer profile (22,22 ') adjacent to the opening (14' ') or similar recess in the form of circular reinforcements (24) and recesses (26) ), arranged at an angle (α, a ') to the longitudinal axis (18,18', 18 '', 18 '' ') of the cylinder (16,16', 16 '', 16 '' ') and are each rotatable individually around its longitudinal axes (18, 18 ', 18' ', 18' '') and together in the hole (14 '') or a similar recess. Device according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that at least one roller, preferably two rollers (16,16 ', 16' ', 16' '') is provided with an outer profile (22,22 ') ) at least partially abutting the workpiece (12,12 ''). Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the other rolls, in particular the roll (16 ''), are not profiled. Device according to claims 19 to 22, characterized in that at least one roller, preferably two rollers (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '') is provided with an outer profile (22, 16 '', 16 '', 16 '' '). 22 ') at least partially following the workpiece (12, 12' ') in the opposite direction. Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that one cylinder (16 '' ') is provided with an external profile (22,22') in the form of circular reinforcements (24) arranged at an angle (α, α ') at the longitudinal axis (18 '' ') of the cylinder (16' '') and the recesses (26) substantially with opposite initial settings. Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that two adjacent cylinders (16, 16 ') with an outer profile (22, 22') are driven in the same direction at a substantially different initial setting of the reinforcement (24) and the recess (26). and at substantially the same initial setting of the gain (24) and recess (26) in the opposite direction. Apparatus according to claims 19 to 25, characterized in that the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 16' '') is provided with non-profiled ends (30, 32). Apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the non-profiled ends (30) of the at least one cylinder (16,16 ', 16' '') located on the leading side in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12,12 '') have a slightly smaller outer average. Apparatus according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the un profiled ends (32) of the at least one roller (16, 16 ', 16' '') are located on the downstream side in the direction of movement of the workpiece (12,12 '). ') have a slightly larger outer diameter. Apparatus according to claims 19 to 28, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '') are each driven individually by the action of one drive device (34) around each other. their longitudinal axes (18,18 ', 18' ', 18' '') and the drive head (36) or a similar drive arrangement are brought together to rotate the cylinder (16,16 ', 16' ', 16' '') together around the workpiece (12) or in at least one hole (14 '') or the like (12 ''). A device according to claim 29, characterized in that the rollers (16, 16 ', 16' ', 16' '') are always brought into rotation by the drive device (34) with the end (30) fixed against rotation, in particular through the profile (38) and the correspondingly shaped recess (40) of the drive device (34), and by the action of the drive head (36) or the like with the end (32). Device according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the drive device (34) and / or the drive head (36) can be operated hydraulically or pneumatically. Apparatus according to claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the drive device (34) comprises drive motors (46) which belong to one cylinder (16, 16 ', 16' 'each). Device according to claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the drive head (36) or a similar drive arrangement is rotatable by means of a slug drive which is driven via a separate drive motor (50). Device according to claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the drive device (34) and the drive head (36) are formed relative to one another in a relatively movable manner. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the drive device (34) is longitudinally displaceable via a guide or similar device (52) and a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuatable drive element (54), in particular a pressure or similar roll. Device according to claims 29 to 35, characterized in that the drive device (34) and / or the drive head (36) is provided with a centering device (58) for the workpiece (12). Apparatus for surface treatment of workpieces (12 ') with at least one flat surface (14'), in particular for carrying out the method according to the preceding claims, having at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') arranged substantially vertical or at an angle (β) to the longitudinal direction (arrow 28) of the workpiece (12 ') having an outer profile (76,76', 78,78 ') in the form of circular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96), arranged at an angle (α, α ') or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (80) of the at least one roller (86', 86 '') and rotatable about its longitudinal axis (80). Device according to claim 37, characterized in that at least one roller (74 ', 74' ') provided with at least partially an external profile (76,76', 78,78 ') is arranged with at least one other roller (86') , 86 '') provided with at least partially an outer profile (76,76 ', 78,78') or a non-profiled roller (86, 86 '' ') or similar support device. Device according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') provided with at least partially an external profile (76,78) is adjacent to another a roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') provided with an outer profile (7-6 ', 78'), for machining the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') in the workpiece movement direction and then in the opposite direction . Device according to claim 39, characterized in that the two mutually adjacent rollers (74 '', 86 '') have circular reinforcements (94) and recesses (96) arranged at their longitudinal axis (80) at an angle (α, a '), wherein the two rollers (74' ', 86' ') can be driven in the opposite position of the reinforcement (94) and the recess (96) in the same direction of rotation or at the same position of the reinforcement (94) and the recess ( 96) in the opposite direction of rotation. Device according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the two mutually adjacent rollers (74 ', 86') have circular thickenings (94) and recesses (96) arranged on their longitudinal axis (80). ), wherein the two rollers (74 ', 86') and / or the circular reinforcements (94) and the recesses (96) can be driven in the opposite position of the reinforcement (94) and the recesses (96) are aligned with each other. Device according to claims 39 to 41, characterized in that at least one roller (74 ', 74' ', 86', 86 '') is provided with an at least partially outer profile (7 6, 7 6) , ', 78,78') adjacent to the surface (14 ') of the workpiece (12') is arranged in the direction of the workpiece (12 ') before or subsequently at least one non-profiled roller (74,74', 86, 86 '). An apparatus according to claim 42, characterized in that at least one pre-arranged non-profiled roller (74,74 ", 86, 86" ") has a slightly smaller outer diameter. An apparatus according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that at least one subsequently arranged non-profiled cylinder (74,74 ", 86,86" ") has a slightly larger outer diameter. Apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 44, characterized in that the circular reinforcements (24,94) project above the outer diameter of the at least one cylinder (16,16 ', 74', 74 '', 86 ', 86' ' ). Device according to one of Claims 37 to 45, characterized in that at least one roller (74 ', 74') is mounted in the clamping device (72) and is movable relative to the support device (84) supporting the workpiece (72). 12 '). Device according to claim 46, characterized in that the clamping device (72) is relatively adjustable relative to the support device (84) via a guide device (88) or the like and a mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically actuable drive element (72). 90), in particular a pressure cylinder or the like. A device according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the support device (84) comprises at least one additional cylinder (86 ', 86' ') which is at least partially provided with an external profile (78,78). or a non-profiled cylinder (86.86 '' ') or the like. Device according to one of claims 46 to 48, characterized in that the clamping device (72) and / or the support device (84) can be operated hydraulically or pneumatically. Apparatus characterized by a roller provided with (76,76 ', 78,78') according to at least one of the claims 46, characterized in that at least one partially outer profile is not profiled and / or up to 49 (further) profile roller 47 (74.74 '' ', 86.86' '') is always assigned to a special one a drive motor (92). An apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 50, characterized in that the rollers (16.16 ', 16, 74.74', 74, 74 ', 86.86', 86 ·, 86 ') are made of several parts, in particular a shaft (64) attached to the shaft firmly against rotation and partially provided with an outer profile (22,22 ', 76,76', 78,78 ') and connected together by a smooth end (30) on the leading side and a smooth end (32) on the outlet side or by a smooth surface. An apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 51, characterized in that the rollers (16,16 ', 16' ', 74,74', 74, 74 ', 86,86', 86, 86 ') are refrigerable by means of an internal cooling system and / or an external cooling bath. Methods according to the preceding claims for surface treatment of workpieces (12,12 ', 12' ') of metal, in particular of non-noble metals such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, polybdenum, silicon, tungsten , tin, zinc or alloys thereof, such as brass, preferably steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum containing alloys, such as AIMg4, sMn, AIMgS10, s, AIMgSi, AIMgs, AIZn4,5Mg, AICuMg, AICuMg2, AIZnMgCu s, AIZnMgCui, 5, AICuMgPb or noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. Processes according to claims 1 to 11 and 18 for producing elongated, particularly hardened and / or coated profiles (12) with a rounded surface (14) from a complex material, in particular wires and rods, and / or a tube-shaped material, in particular tubes, preferably head restraints in automobiles. Processes according to claims 1 to 11 and 18 for producing coiled, especially hardened and / or coated workpieces (12) with a round surface (14), preferably helical springs. Processes according to claims 1 to 11 and 18 for producing holes (14 '') or similar recesses of a workpiece (12 ''), in particular through holes and / or blind holes, preferably in automobile engines. Processes according to claims 1 to 13 and 12 to 18 for producing elongated, particularly hardened and / or coated profiles (12 ') with at least one surface (14') of a complex material, in particular rods and strips, and / or a material in the form of pipes, in particular pipes, preferably head restraints in automobiles. Use of a device according to any one of the preceding claims for surface treatment of workpieces (12,12 ', 12' ') of metal, in particular of non-noble metals such as aluminum, lead, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, tin, zinc or alloys thereof, such as brass, preferably steel and / or aluminum and / or aluminum containing alloys, such as AIMg4, sMn, AIMgS10, 5, AIMgSi, AIMgs, AIZn4, sMg, AICuMg, AICuMg, AICuMg AIZnMgCuo, 5, AIZnMgCui.s, AICuMgPb or noble metals such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, or alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. Use of a device according to claims 19, 21 to 36, 45, 51 and 52 for the production of elongated, particularly hardened and / or coated profiles (12) with a round surface (14) of complex material, in particular wires and rods, and / or tube-shaped material, in particular tubes, preferably head restraints cars. Use of a device according to claims 19, 21 to 36, 45, 51 and 52 for the production of wound, particularly hardened and / or coated workpieces (12) with a round surface (14), preferably helical springs. Use of the device according to claims 20 to 36, 45.51 a 52 for producing holes (14 '') or similar recesses of the workpiece (12 ''), in particular through holes and / or blind holes, preferably in automobile engines. Use of a device according to any one of claims 37 to 52 for the production of elongated, particularly hardened and / or coated profiles (12 ') with at least one straight (14') of a complex material, in particular rods and strips, and / or in the form of pipes, in particular pipes, preferably head restraints in automobiles.