WO1999042643A1 - Matiere a base de fibres de carbone de renforcement, lamine et procede de detection - Google Patents
Matiere a base de fibres de carbone de renforcement, lamine et procede de detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999042643A1 WO1999042643A1 PCT/JP1999/000644 JP9900644W WO9942643A1 WO 1999042643 A1 WO1999042643 A1 WO 1999042643A1 JP 9900644 W JP9900644 W JP 9900644W WO 9942643 A1 WO9942643 A1 WO 9942643A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon fiber
- metal wire
- base material
- wire
- sheet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
- B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
- B29C70/885—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding with incorporated metallic wires, nets, films or plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
- D03D15/267—Glass
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
- D03D15/275—Carbon fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
- D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/573—Tensile strength
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/60—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the warp or weft elements other than yarns or threads
- D03D15/67—Metal wires
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
- B29K2305/02—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
- B29K2305/08—Transition metals
- B29K2305/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
- B29K2305/08—Transition metals
- B29K2305/12—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
- B29K2305/08—Transition metals
- B29K2305/14—Noble metals, e.g. silver, gold or platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2901/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as mould material
- B29K2901/10—Thermosetting resins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
- D10B2101/06—Glass
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
- D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/062—Load-responsive characteristics stiff, shape retention
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3382—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
- Y10T442/339—Metal or metal-coated strand
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- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
- Y10T442/3602—Three or more distinct layers
- Y10T442/361—At least one layer is derived from water-settable material [e.g., cement, gypsum, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reinforcing carbon fiber base material and a laminate thereof for obtaining FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) used as a structure or integrally with a structure, and a strain generated in the structure using the same.
- FRP fiber reinforced plastic
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting a state of deterioration and a method for detecting the number of stacked layers of a stacked body.
- Concrete structures include floor slabs, bridge piers, tunnels, and buildings.However, concrete is neutralized, salt damage causes cracks in the internal rebar, and deterioration due to the reaction of aggregates. It is a social problem. In addition, vibrations and earthquakes caused by passing vehicles, or the pressure of earth and sand in tunnels, will increase the cracks in concrete and accelerate the deterioration. Furthermore, since many structures in the civil engineering and construction fields are large, their destruction cannot be predicted, and sudden accidents can lead to major accidents.
- a strain gauge has been known as a material for detecting strain.
- a strain gauge detects strain within its area, and since its length is short, less than 3 O mm, it can detect only local strain. Therefore, it is necessary to attach many strain gauges in order to detect the strain of large structures widely.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-114147 discloses a method of disposing a long carbon fiber thread in an FRP member, and determining a breaking ratio of a single carbon fiber filament constituting this thread. It describes a method of measuring the change in resistance of steel and detecting in advance the decrease in rigidity and fatigue failure of members. According to this method, it is possible to detect a large area distortion in a large structure.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-38945 describes a fatigue fracture inspection method in which a single metal wire is disposed inside a structure made of a glass fiber reinforced composite material, and a change in the electric resistance is measured. ing.
- the surface of the target structure is not limited to a flat surface, but may be curved or uneven.
- the FRP is formed by attaching a reinforcing fiber base material along the surface of the structure while simultaneously impregnating the resin. Therefore, the arrangement of the metal wire becomes complicated, such as being performed manually on the reinforcing fiber base material when the resin is not cured immediately after the impregnation.
- the metal wire is not arranged in parallel with the reinforcing fiber and often meanders.Therefore, the FRP designed by the load or the strain in the direction of the reinforcing fiber is distorted from the metal wire. It will not be detected correctly.
- sheet-like carbon fiber base materials for example, pre-prepared with carbon fibers arranged in parallel in one direction and impregnated with epoxy resin in the B-stage state
- Many layers are laminated, and the resin is cured by autoclaving to produce structural materials such as aircraft girders.
- these laminates may be manufactured by mistake because the setting of the lamination direction and the number of laminations of the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is performed by an artificial operation. For this reason, samples such as girders that become the primary structure of aircraft are cut from the end of the girder. It is also practiced to burn out the resin and check the lamination direction and the number of laminations of the unburned carbon fibers.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional technology, to form a large-sized structure or FRP of various shapes integrated with the same, and to accurately detect distortion generated in the structure,
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a carbon fiber base material for reinforcement capable of predicting fatigue and deterioration of a structure.
- Another object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and to provide a laminate capable of easily and non-destructively detecting the number of laminates made of a sheet-like carbon fiber base material. It is to provide a detection method.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
- a carbon fiber base material for reinforcement wherein a carbon fiber and a metal wire are integrated to form a sheet-like carbon fiber base material, and a volume ratio of the metal wire to the carbon fiber is 4% or less.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the metal wire is a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating coating material is preferable.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the metal wires are arranged in the same direction as the orientation direction of the carbon fibers is preferable.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the metal wires are arranged at an angle to the orientation direction of the carbon fibers is preferable.
- the insulating coating material is preferably a reinforcing carbon fiber base material that is a fibrous material.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the covering ratio of the metal wire with the insulating covering material is 90% or more is preferable.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber substrate in which the sheet-like carbon fiber substrate is a woven fabric is preferable.
- the reinforcing carbon fiber base material is preferably a tow sheet in which the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is formed by adhering and fixing a carbon fiber arrayed in parallel in one direction to a support with an adhesive.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is a reinforcing carbon fiber base material which is a pre-preda comprising carbon fibers integrated with a B-stage thermosetting resin.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is a reinforcing carbon fiber base material which is a woven fabric in which a metal wire is woven in a lateral direction in a unidirectional woven fabric using carbon fibers as warp yarns.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which metal wires are inserted at substantially equal intervals.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is wound around a paper tube and the thickness of the metal wire is equal to or less than the base material thickness.
- a reinforcing carbon fiber base material in which the metal wire is a nichrome wire is preferable.
- the carbon fiber and the metal wire are integrated to form a sheet-like carbon fiber substrate, and the volume ratio of the metal wire to the carbon fiber is 4% or less.
- a laminated body characterized in that the layers are stacked so that the insertion positions of the wires are different from each other.
- a laminate in which the metal wires are arranged in the width direction of the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is preferable.
- a laminate that is a fiber-reinforced plastic obtained by impregnating a matrix resin into a sheet-like carbon fiber base material is preferable.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is a woven fabric in which a metal wire is woven in a lateral direction in a unidirectional woven fabric using carbon fibers as warp yarns.
- the sheet-like carbon fiber base material is such that metal wires are inserted at substantially equal intervals. Are preferred.
- a laminate in which the metal wire is a ferromagnetic material is preferable.
- the metal wire is a wire made of an iron wire or an alloy thereof is preferable.
- a laminate in which the metal wire is a nichrome wire is preferable.
- the metal wire is a metal wire whose periphery is covered with an insulating coating material.
- a method for detecting the number of laminated sheets wherein the presence of a metal wire in the laminated body is non-destructively detected by a detecting means, and the number of laminated sheet-like carbon fiber substrates is detected.
- a method for detecting the number of stacked layers of the stacked body, wherein the detecting means is a metal detection method is preferable.
- a method of detecting the number of stacked layers of a laminate is preferred, in which the surface of a concrete structure is reinforced with the above-described stacked body and the number of stacked layers is detected.
- the detecting means is an infrared camera
- the metal wire is heated by electromagnetic induction
- the heat generation portion is detected by the infrared camera.
- the detecting means is an infrared camera, a method of detecting the number of stacked layers of the stacked body, in which the metal wire is energized to generate heat, and the heated portion is detected by the infrared camera.
- the reinforcing carbon fiber base material is integrated with the structure or the structure.
- a method for detecting distortion of a structure comprising: detecting a distortion generated in the structure from a change in resistance of the metal wire after setting the FRP.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a unidirectional carbon fiber fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a non-crimp unidirectional carbon fiber fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an embodiment of a non-crimped unidirectional carbon fiber woven fabric using a metal wire as the warp assisting yarn according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a bidirectional carbon fiber woven fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a carbon fiber woven fabric in which metal wires according to one embodiment of the present invention are arranged at an angle to a reinforcing fiber.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a test piece for measuring a change in electric resistance of a nichrome wire.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between electric resistance and strain before fatigue.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between electrical resistance and strain after fatigue.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a state of metal wire arrangement and detection of the number of layers in the laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a state in which two metal wires arranged in the horizontal direction of the base material are inserted two by two at intervals B in the length direction of the base material according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the principle of sensing a metal wire according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating that a magnetic field is in an equilibrium state.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the principle of sensing a metal wire according to one embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating that a metal wire enters a magnetic field and the magnetic field is in an unbalanced state. .
- the reinforcing sheet-like carbon fiber base material is referred to as a base material.
- Metal wire for use in the present invention the cross-sectional area 0.0 0 2 to 0.2 platinum in the range of mm 2, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, aluminum, nickel, magnesium, copper, steel, iron and, These alloys, Ni—Cr alloy (also called Nichrome alloy), Ni—Cr—Fe alloy, Fe—Cr—A1 alloy, Fe—Cr—Al—Co It is a round wire, band, or flat wire made of an alloy or the like. These wires may be used as a single wire or may be used as a plurality of wires by twisting them. Among these, a nichrome wire (one of nichrome alloys) which is excellent in corrosion resistance such as corrosion resistance and has a large change in resistance to strain and is easy to confirm the change is more preferable.
- Ni—Cr alloy also called Nichrome alloy
- Ni—Cr—Fe alloy Ni—Cr—Fe alloy
- Fe—Cr—A1 alloy Fe—Cr—Al—Co It is a
- iron, cobalt, nickel, terbium, gadolinium, holmium, erbium, alloys thereof, and chromium oxide IV (Cr0.) are used.
- a wire made of ferromagnetic material is good, Among them, metal wires made of iron or an alloy thereof are inexpensive and preferable.
- the thickness of the metal wire when covered is the value of the thinnest part especially when the cross-sectional shape is a band shape or a flat shape.
- the volume ratio of the carbon fiber to the carbon fiber is preferably 4% or less.
- the volume ratio of the metal wire alone excluding the surrounding insulating covering material to the carbon fiber is preferably 4% or less.
- the breaking elongation of the metal wire is larger than that of carbon fiber, when the carbon fiber breaks, the metal wire also breaks at the same time. Therefore, even if the amount of metal wire is increased, the effect on the reinforcing effect is small.
- the density of metal wires is higher than that of carbon fiber, arranging a large number of metal wires in the base material increases the weight of the base material, especially for applications where it is attached to the bottom and side surfaces of concrete structures to reinforce it. When used, it is not preferable because the base material may drop or slip off.
- the FRP absorbs the surrounding water in addition to the originally contained water, and there is a concern that the metal wire in the FRP will start to corrode when the surrounding area of the wire becomes moist.
- the carbon fiber has conductivity, there is a concern that the metal wire in the FRP may corrode like the metal wire in the soil is electrolytically eroded. Is preferably as low as 4% or less, more preferably 2% or less.
- the metal wire of the present invention When a base material provided with a metal wire covered with an insulating coating material is used as the metal wire of the present invention, this is used as an FRP, and the electrical resistance of the metal wire is measured to generate the FRP.
- the following two conditions required when performing distortion detection can be satisfied. That is, the carbon fiber and the metal wire can be insulated from each other by the insulating covering material around the metal wire, and no slippage can occur between the FRP and the metal wire.
- the insulating covering material it is preferable to use a resin-permeable insulating covering material (hereinafter referred to as a transparent covering material). This allows the resin to be impregnated when molding FRP.
- a transparent covering material a resin-permeable insulating covering material
- matrix resin penetrates into the coating material and reaches the surface of the metal wire. Since the matrix resin is also an insulator, it can be effectively insulated around the metal wire.
- resin permeability mentioned here is a property that the resin passes through the coating material, Permeabilization and impregnation are synonymous.
- Sliding of the metal wire can occur between the cladding and the FRP and between the two layers between the metal wire and the cladding, but the surface of the permeable cladding has a coating and the permeated matrix resin. Because of the presence of the irregularities formed by the above, slip between the coating material and the FRP can be suppressed. In addition, since the permeable covering material is impregnated with the resin and adheres to the metal wire, slippage between the covering material and the metal wire can be suppressed.
- a covering material made of a continuous foamed plastic or a fibrous material is preferable.
- a hard thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, phenol, or epoxy is used as the transparent covering material made of continuous foam plastic, it will easily follow the deformation of the FRP, and the distortion generated in the FRP will be reduced. This is preferable because it can be easily transmitted to the metal wire accurately.
- Examples of the permeable covering material made of a fibrous material include a tape material of a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, and a filament yarn. These are wrapped around a metal wire serving as a core material by a covering method or a string forming method. It can be covered by winding by a rubbing method.
- fibers constituting the covering material made of the fibrous material of the present invention include fibers such as polyester, nylon, glass, vinylon, polypropylene, and polyaramid. Any material may be used as long as it is insulative, and there is no particular limitation.
- the matrix resin is an epoxy resin, nylon fibers are preferred.
- the covering material made of the fibrous material of the present invention is preferably coated by changing the number of windings, the pitch, and the thickness of the yarn.
- the winding is performed in only one direction, the winding habit of the metal wire after the coating is performed.
- the meandering caused by the swelling becomes so difficult to correct it that it hinders installation on the substrate. Therefore, it is preferable to perform winding in both directions of SZ.
- the thickness of the fibers constituting the coating material is preferably about 20 to 500 denier.
- these fibers are better for multifilaments when they are wound. It is preferable because it spreads over the metal wire surface and the coating efficiency is improved. Also, the winding
- Two or more layers may be stacked.
- the coating is performed with an insulating material, there is a concern about slippage between the FRP and the coating material because there is little surface unevenness such as a permeable coating material.
- the metal wire will be damaged during the process of arranging the metal wire on the base material or impregnating the installed base material with a roller, etc. There is a concern that the resistance may change later, or the metal wire may be cut. Therefore, if a coating is provided, this serves as a protective layer, so that the detection performance of the metal wire can be maintained. In view of the above, it is preferable to cover the metal wire and dispose it in the base material.
- the coating ratio of the metal wire in the above coating method is preferably 100%, but if it is 90% or more, the purpose of insulation can be achieved.
- the covering ratio of the metal wire was measured by the following method.
- the coverage may be measured using the following ultrasonic inspection method. That is, the total length L l of the metal wire and the length L 2 at which only the surface reflection of the metal wire is observed are measured in the length direction of the metal wire by the reflection method using a pulse wave, and the coating is performed using the following equation. The rate was calculated. The measurement was performed on the 50 mm long part at five different locations of the coated metal wire, and the lowest value was taken as the coverage.
- the coverage is defined as 0% or more and 100% or less.
- the number of places through which a sphere having a diameter of 1 Oim or more can be passed is as follows: It suffices if the number of wires is 5 or less between 10 cm in the length direction of the metal wire. If the uncoated part satisfies the condition that the diameter of the sphere that can pass therethrough is 10 / im or less, the single fiber diameter of the carbon fiber is equivalent to the above value, so the part that is not coated with the carbon fiber And the insulation between the carbon fiber and the metal wire can be secured.
- the uncoated portion has an elongated shape
- the orientation direction and the carbon fiber are arranged in parallel
- the carbon fiber can easily enter.
- the ball that passes through this part satisfies the above conditions, it can prevent carbon fiber from entering, so that insulation can be ensured.
- the covering rate increases on average over the entire surface of the metal wire, and the difference in the partial covering rate is too large. Absent. Therefore, if the number of places where spheres with a diameter of 10 m or more can pass through is less than 5 in the length direction of the metal wire of 5 cm or less among the uncovered parts, the coating is partially small. Even if there is unevenness, it can be determined that the insulation has been secured.
- a state in which the carbon fiber and the metal wire are in a body refers to a state where the carbon fiber and the metal wire are not shifted or separated from each other.
- the wire may form an appropriate woven or knitted fabric, or both may be bonded and fixed with a resin or an adhesive, and are not particularly limited.
- the base material of the present invention can accurately detect strain when it is made into FRP because carbon fiber and metal wire are integrated, but it can also be formed into FRP of various shapes according to the structure preferable.
- a tow sheet in which carbon fiber yarns arranged in parallel in one direction are bonded and fixed to a support with an adhesive, and carbon fiber yarns are integrated with a B-stage thermosetting resin. Prepreda or woven fabric is good.
- the metal wire is not necessarily limited to being arranged in the same direction as the carbon fiber orientation direction. They may be arranged at an angle to each other, or may be arranged in both directions of the same direction and the direction having the angle. This makes it possible to detect distortion in the direction in which the metal wires are arranged.
- arranging in the same direction with respect to the orientation direction means that the arrangement angle of the metal wires with respect to the carbon fiber orientation is less than ⁇ 15 °, and arranging with an angle with respect to the orientation direction means: It means that the arrangement angle of the metal wire with respect to the orientation of the carbon fiber is ⁇ 15 ° or more.
- the orientation direction may be determined according to the required detection direction.
- the metal wire in a direction substantially orthogonal to the orientation direction of the carbon fiber, since it becomes possible to detect distortion in the direction orthogonal to the orientation of the carbon fiber.
- Such a substrate is sheet-shaped, it can be formed into FRPs of various shapes according to the structure.
- the carbon fibers are fixed by an adhesive and an uncured matrix resin, respectively, so that the metal wires can be arranged in parallel with the carbon fibers by using the carbon fibers.
- the support and the adhesive are for fixing the carbon fiber thread. Therefore, the support is preferably made of glass mesh or glass non-woven fabric which has appropriate rigidity and can easily fix the metal wire.
- the adhesive may be cured or uncured. Considering the compatibility with the matrix resin, when the matrix resin is an epoxy resin, an epoxy resin adhesive is preferred.
- the metal wires are preferably arranged in two or more places in parallel in the base material. Since the base material of the present invention is long, if terminals are provided at both ends of the metal wire, the distance between the terminals will be long, making it difficult to measure the resistance. However, by arranging two or more metal wires at one end of the base material If the resistance is measured by connecting a metal wire with two terminals and installing two terminals at the other end, the measurement can be simplified.
- two different wires may be arranged in parallel, or one wire may make a U-turn at the end or halfway of the base material.
- the distance between the metal wires of one set of terminals be as small as possible. Therefore, the preferred spacing is less than 5 cm.
- the connection is not limited to this range because the metal wires in the same base material can be connected to each other or to the adjacent base materials.
- the spacing between the set of metal wires from which these terminals are taken out is small, and by arranging this set at an appropriate interval, it is possible to detect FRP distortion at more locations in the base material. Is preferred. In the case where a plurality of base materials are laminated, the same effect can be obtained even if the positions where the metal wires of the base material are arranged are shifted at an arbitrary interval.
- the thickness of the substrate of the present invention was measured using a thickness measuring instrument.
- the method is JISR
- the thickness of the base material is a value of a portion where the metal wire is not provided.
- a digital thickness gauge B-2 of No. 132 type manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd. was used as a thickness gauge.
- the substrate of the present invention can be applied to a large-sized structure, it can be wound around a paper tube. A long one is preferred. Therefore, it is preferable that the base material can be wound around a paper tube even if a metal wire is provided.
- the base material is wound around a paper tube and the thickness of the metal wire in the base material, and if the thickness of the metal wire including the coating material is not more than the thickness of the base material, the paper The substrate surface is smooth when unwound from the tube.
- the thickness of the coated metal wire is larger than the thickness of the base material, the base material is wound around the paper core with the winding pressure concentrated on the coated metal wire. When unraveling, the surface of the base material generates wavy irregularities due to the difference in the yarn length of the carbon fiber yarn, which is not preferable.
- Fig. 1 shows a carbon fiber yarn consisting of a single filament 1 of a multifilament carbon fiber 2. It is arranged in parallel in the warp direction, and the weft auxiliary yarn (weft auxiliary yarn) 3 crosses the carbon fiber yarn. In a so-called unidirectional woven fabric, a coated metal wire 4 is arranged in parallel between carbon fiber yarns 2 between adjacent carbon fiber yarns.
- Figs. 2 and 3 show that auxiliary yarns (warp auxiliary yarns) 5 are arranged in the warp direction, intersect with the auxiliary yarns in the weft direction, and the warp direction carbon fiber yarns are substantially formed.
- a metal wire 4 coated between adjacent carbon fiber threads 2 is arranged in parallel with the carbon fiber threads 2 as in Fig. 1. Things.
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of covered metal wires 4 instead of the auxiliary warp yarns 5.
- the coated metal wire 4 is combined with the warp carbon fiber yarns 2.
- they can be arranged in the base material.
- plain weave, satin weave, twill weave, etc. are used as the weave.
- one auxiliary yarn in the warp direction and the weft direction is arranged alternately with respect to the carbon fiber yarns in the warp direction and the weft direction to form a woven structure integrated by the auxiliary yarns.
- a so-called bidirectional non-crimp fabric may be used in which the weft direction carbon fiber yarns have substantially no bending (crimp).
- Figure 5 shows that in the unidirectional woven fabric, the metal wire is at an angle to the carbon fiber orientation direction.
- the metal wire 4 is a case that is integrated with a part of the weft auxiliary yarn (glass fiber) 3 and is arranged in parallel with the weft auxiliary yarn, but the arrangement position of the metal wire is not necessarily the weft auxiliary yarn. It is not necessary to be integrated, and a metal wire alone may be used.
- the method of arranging the metal wire in the woven fabric may be such that the metal wire may be aligned with the warp or the warp auxiliary yarn or the weft or the weft auxiliary yarn at the time of weaving the woven fabric, or the metal wire may be inserted alone. Is also good.
- the coating of the metal wire was performed by winding a 70-denier multifilament in which 52 nylon filaments were bundled in both directions of SZ at 1,200 turns / m, and the covering rate was 100. %.
- the metal wire when the coated metal wire is arranged between the adjacent carbon fiber yarns in close contact with the yarn, the metal wire becomes Since the position is fixed by the auxiliary yarn, the metal wire can be easily arranged in parallel with the yarn. Furthermore, fixing the warp and the weft with an adhesive, that is, so-called sealing, allows the metal wire and the thread to be fixed in parallel and more firmly.
- examples of the adhesive used for filling include low melting point polymers such as copolymerized nylon, copolymerized polyester, and polyethylene.
- carbon fiber that has excellent alkali resistance and a tensile strength of 3000 to 5600 MPa and a tensile modulus of 220 to 640 GPa.
- the carbon fiber yarn constituting the base material is preferably composed of 6000 to 24000 filament yarns.
- a plurality of the carbon fiber yarns are bundled and aligned.
- the thread may be constituted.
- the basis weight of the carbon fiber of the base material used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 180 to 1,000 gZm 2 . If it is less than 180 gZm 2 , it is preferable in that the resin is easily impregnated. However, the number of base materials required for reinforcement increases, so that the impregnation work is much troublesome. Also, since the thickness of the base material becomes smaller, the thickness of the coated metal wire easily exceeds the thickness of the base material, When it is unwound, it often causes wavy irregularities. On the other hand, if the basis weight exceeds 1000 g Zm 2 , the number of required base materials is small and efficient, but it becomes difficult to impregnate the resin into the center of the base material in the thickness direction.
- a more preferable range of the basis weight of the carbon fiber is 2 0 0 ⁇ 4 0 0 g Zm 2. If the resin impregnation is 200 to 400 g Zm2, even if the resin impregnation work is a little rough, the impregnation into the carbon fiber proceeds by capillary action until the resin adhering to the base material hardens at room temperature. Thus, predetermined mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the weft auxiliary yarn of the woven fabric has a woven structure with a metal wire arranged in the same direction as the warp yarn. Therefore, fibers having high rigidity are preferable.
- the warp yarn is pressed against the weft auxiliary yarn, and the warp yarn and the weft auxiliary yarn are more closely adhered to each other. It becomes easier to detect.
- the fiber having high rigidity glass fiber peramide fiber, carbon fiber, and the like are preferable, and in particular, inexpensive glass fiber is more preferable.
- the use of 100 to 600 denier weft auxiliary yarn is preferable because the metal wire can be easily fixed.
- the fineness ratio between the warp direction and the weft direction that is, the value represented by (the thickness of the carbon fiber yarn in the warp direction) Z (the thickness of the weft auxiliary yarn) is set to 3 to 100. Is preferred.
- the weft auxiliary yarn is too thick, so that the warp direction carbon fiber yarn is crimped, and the strength characteristics of the carbon fiber are not sufficiently exhibited.
- auxiliary warp yarn glass fiber is more preferably used since the stiffness of the auxiliary weft yarn is equivalent to the rigidity of the weave.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- a resin is applied thereon, and the resin is similarly impregnated with a roller or a spatula. By repeating this operation, a predetermined number of substrates can be adhered, and the resin can be cured to obtain CFRP.
- both ends of the lead wire may be connected to a tester and the electrical resistance may be measured.However, in order to accurately detect a small resistance change, it is preferable to measure by the following method. .
- a bridge circuit and a dynamic strain meter are connected, and the resistance change of the metal wire is read as strain. If necessary, the information may be recorded on an XY recorder or the like. This makes it possible to detect the state of distortion for a long time.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy, vinyl ester, unsaturated polyester, and phenol are used, but when fire resistance is required, phenol resin or when used for concrete structures Is preferably an epoxy resin having excellent adhesive strength and alkali resistance.
- the laminate of the present invention is characterized in that the base material into which the metal wires are inserted is stacked so that the insertion positions of the metal wires are different from each other.
- the method for detecting the number of laminated layers of the laminate according to the present invention comprises a method characterized by non-destructively detecting the presence of the metal wire of the laminated body by a detecting means and detecting the number of laminated sheets. .
- the detection means that can be used here include the following.
- the detection means is a metal detection method. When a metal wire passes through a magnetic field, the magnetic field is disturbed and the detection is performed.
- Method B a detection means is an infrared camera, a method of causing a metal wire to generate heat by electromagnetic induction, and detecting the heated portion with an infrared radiation thermometer;
- the detection means is an infrared camera. How to detect with a line radiation thermometer.
- a room temperature curing resin such as epoxy resin is applied to the surface 12 of the concrete structure 11 to which the primer has been applied, and then the first layer base in which the metal wire 4a has been inserted in the width direction of the base material in advance.
- an impregnating roller is applied to impregnate the base material with the resin.
- a second-layer base material 13b is placed on this so that the direction of the carbon fiber is the same as 13a, the metal wire 4b is shifted from the metal wire 4a by a distance A, and a and the metal fibers 4b are laminated so as to be parallel to each other, and the resin is applied and impregnated as in the first layer.
- This is repeated so that the insertion position of the metal wire is shifted by A, a predetermined number of base materials are laminated, the resin is applied and impregnated, and the resin is cured at room temperature to reinforce the concrete structure.
- the body 14 is obtained.
- the detection method will be explained later, but it is necessary to install or move the sensor 15 that detects the presence of a metal wire above this FRP, and to grasp the number of metal wire insertion points embedded in the FRP. This enables nondestructive detection of the number of laminated substrates. If the interval between metal wires arranged in the same base material, that is, the number of metal wires included in one cycle, is used as the number of layers, the number of layers can be easily detected without mistake.
- the interval A at which the insertion position of the metal wire is shifted during lamination is preferably in the range of 2 to 1 Ocm. Further, it is preferable that the intervals between the metal wires 4a, 4b, 4c,... Of the first, second, and third layers are substantially the same. In order to detect the position of the metal wires in the FRP from the thickness direction of the FRP, if the metal wires are arranged at an interval of less than 2 cm, the metal wires for each layer will depend on the sensitivity of the detection means. This is not preferable because it makes identification difficult.
- the distance between the metal wires exceeds 10 cm, and if the number of layers increases, the distance between the metal wires from the first layer to the final layer n increases by 10 X (n-1) cm. And the detection of the number of layers becomes troublesome. 2 to 10 cm spacing, This is preferable because a plurality of metal wires can be distinguished and the sensing can be performed accurately and easily.
- the distance A between the metal wires indicates the distance from the first metal wire at the insertion position in each layer.
- the interval B at which the metal wires are arranged in the same base material may be set to be as small as possible in consideration of the efficiency of detection.
- the spacing between the metal wires is less than 3 cm, the gap between the metal wires of the first and second layers becomes small or overlaps, and it becomes difficult to identify the inserted portion. If it exceeds 0 cm, the number of detectable layers increases, but the detection work becomes troublesome because the distance of one cycle increases.
- the arrangement direction of the metal wires is as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 with respect to the warp carbon fiber. They may be arranged in a vertical direction, or they may be arranged in a horizontal direction as shown in FIG.
- to detect the number of layers after FRP it is necessary to stack the metal wires while shifting their positions. If metal wires are arranged in the vertical direction, many fabrics with different metal wire insertion positions will be needed. It is necessary to prepare various types, and it takes time to manufacture and manufacture lots of textiles.
- one type of fabric may be cut so that the metal wire insertion positions are shifted by a predetermined interval. Since such a woven fabric can be automatically manufactured by the operation of Dobby, it is preferable because no trouble is required in manufacturing and lot management.
- the metal wires are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the same base material, since the interval of one cycle is the same at any position, so that the number of layers can be accurately detected.
- the interval B at which the metal wires are arranged in the same base material is, as shown in FIG. Indicates the distance from the first metal wire at the insertion point of the metal wire.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example in which the arrangement direction of the metal wires to the base material is inserted in the width direction of the base material as a preferred embodiment, but the metal wires are arranged in the length direction of the base material.
- the lamination direction of the base material is unidirectional lamination of only 0 ° which is the length direction of the laminate, and 0 and 90 which are the length direction and the width direction. , Or multi-directional lamination in which ⁇ ⁇ ° directions are added thereto.
- the base material in which carbon fibers are arranged in one direction in the longitudinal direction is arranged in one direction in the longitudinal direction
- Means for using a flat metal wire can be cited as a means for preventing the metal wire insertion portion from protruding in a convex shape and making the metal sense easy.
- the method (2) that is, the detection means is a metal detection method, and is preferable in a method in which when a metal wire passes through a magnetic field, the detection is performed by disturbing the magnetic field.
- a metal portion may be integrated to form a flat shape, or a plurality of metal wires may be integrated by a covering material to form a flat shape as a whole.
- it is preferable that a plurality of metal wires or a plurality of coated metal wires form a group and form a flat shape as a whole.
- the total cross-sectional area of the metal wire is 0.
- the width of the flat shape is preferably at most 5 mm, a height of the flat shape of the substrate thickness It is preferably from 100 to 100%. If the width is 5 mm or more, or the height is less than 10% of the thickness of the base material, it is not preferable because the detection of the metal wire cannot be performed normally. If it exceeds 0%, there is a problem that the metal wire insertion portion rises to the convex portion, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the base material is a value measured in accordance with JISR 7602 “Carbon fiber woven test method”.
- one metal wire is not necessarily one, and a large number of metal wires may be inserted at one insertion position.
- Non-destructive detection of the number of stacked base materials by installing or moving detection means 15 for detecting the presence of metal wires on the upper part of the laminate, and grasping the number of metal wires embedded in the FRP be able to.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are schematic diagrams illustrating an example of the principle of the method A in which the detection means is used. While the balanced primary magnetic field 18 is formed by the oscillator 16 and the exciting coil 17 as shown in Fig. 11, when the metal wire 4 of the laminate enters as shown in Fig. 12, steady The AC magnetic field is disturbed and an induced current flows through the metal wire 4. This induced current generates a secondary magnetic field 21 around the metal wire, disturbing the balanced magnetic field. Due to this disturbance, a minute voltage is induced in the receiving coil 19, and the detector 20 detects this voltage, so that the presence of the metal wire can be sensed.
- the detection device used in this method includes a metal detector and a proximity switch. These devices are small and lightweight, so they are easy to handle and can be used in places where detection is difficult, such as in high places or narrow parts.
- the carbon fiber is conductive, so if a metal detector or proximity sensor is brought close to the laminate depending on the entangled state of the carbon fiber.
- a metal detector or proximity sensor may flow through the substrate even if no metal wire is present, and the eddy current may generate a magnetic field, actuate the receiving coil and cause malfunction.
- malfunction can be prevented by using a metal detector or a proximity switch having a small operating range in a range where a balanced magnetic field formed by an oscillator and an exciting coil of the metal detector or the proximity switch can reach.
- the operating range of the metal detector or proximity switch is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 mm.
- the laminate at the place where the metal wire is inserted may be convex, or the amount of insertion of the foreign metal wire may be increased, and the mechanical properties and the like may be degraded. If it exceeds 40 mm, depending on the condition of the base material, the metal detector and the proximity switch may malfunction.
- a detector is placed on the surface of the FRP, and the detector is moved in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the metal wires by the same distance as the metal wires arranged on the substrate. Counts the number of times a line is detected and detects the number as the number of layers Is what you do. It is also possible to input the output from the detection device to the recording device and record the detection result.
- the method B that is, a method in which the detection means is an infrared camera, a metal wire is heated by electromagnetic induction, and the heated portion is detected by an infrared radiation thermometer will be described.
- the detection means is an infrared camera
- a metal wire is heated by electromagnetic induction
- the heated portion is detected by an infrared radiation thermometer
- the heat-generating part when observed using an infrared radiation thermometer, the heat-generating part appears linearly, so it is possible to detect the number of laminations from the total number of heat-generating parts within one period of the metal wire array on the substrate. You can.
- Method C that is, a method in which the detection means is an infrared camera, heat is applied to a metal wire, and the generated heat is detected by an infrared radiation thermometer will be described.
- the terminals are connected to both ends of the metal wire to generate an electric current by passing an electric current, and the metal wire is detected by an infrared radiation thermometer at the heat-generating part and the FRP part that has been partially heated. I can do it.
- thermometers which are detection means for methods B and C, detect infrared radiation energy self-radiated from the object to be measured and finally display it as a power image or black and white thermal image.
- thermo lasers thermography, and infrared cameras.
- the method B and the method C can detect a metal wire linearly, not only the number of laminations but also the lamination direction can be easily detected.
- the method for detecting the number of laminations according to the present invention is based on an FRP structure in which a large number of base materials are laminated and impregnated and solidified with a matrix resin, so that nondestructive inspection of molded products is difficult. It is preferably used for automobile parts, hulls, windmill blades, FRP reinforcements for concrete structures, vehicle members, building materials, and the like. In particular, since the conventional method of checking the number of layers of FRP reinforced portions in concrete structures had to be taken only by taking a photograph each time one layer work was completed, the method of detecting the number of layers of the present invention has great advantages. .
- the base material for detecting the strain generated in the FRP according to the present invention as a change in resistance of the metal wire, and the state of construction and detection using the base material will be described with reference to examples.
- the metal wire used was a chrome wire with a bare wire diameter of 0.1 mm and a resistivity of 141.3 ⁇ / m, which was previously cleaned and degreased with acetone.
- the nichrome wire was covered with a 70 denier multifilament bundle of 52 nylon filaments, both wound Zm in both directions of SZ for 1200 times. The coverage was as shown in Table 1.
- the number of places where a sphere having a diameter of 10 Aim or more can pass through in a portion where the metal wire is not covered with the insulating coating material is less than or equal to one in a length direction of the metal wire of 10 cm. Met.
- the base material is composed of PAN-based high-strength carbon fiber yarns (number of single yarns: 24,000, fineness: 14,400 denier) arranged in the vertical direction as shown in Table 1 Glass fibers were arranged as auxiliary yarns in the direction, and a unidirectional carbon fiber woven fabric in which a coated nichrome wire was arranged in parallel with the carbon fibers and woven in the mode shown in FIG. 2 was used.
- the woven fabric was woven 50 meters and wound up while being wound around a paper tube. Thereafter, the woven fabric was unwound from the paper tube to check for wavy irregularities. Table 2 shows the results.
- the CFRP was formed by impregnating a cold-curable epoxy resin with a roller in the woven fabric cut into a length of 300 mm and a width of 250 mm. At this time, the workability, such as the impregnation of the impregnation and the handling of the base material, was evaluated. Curing was carried out at room temperature of 23 ° C for 10 days.
- the tensile strength in the carbon fiber direction was measured.
- the measurement was performed in accordance with JIS K 7073 in an atmosphere of 23 at a tensile speed of ImmZmi ⁇ .
- the strength was defined as the value obtained by dividing the breaking load by the CF cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the CF arranged in the tensile direction in CFRP, and the average value of five measurements.
- the tensile strength of CFRP in this example was 4450 MPa.
- the tensile strength of the equivalent CFRP, except that no nichrome wire is inserted varies due to the fact that the molding method is hand-layup and the strength varies from yarn to yarn, but there is a variation, but 450 Mpa ⁇ 10 %Met. Therefore, it was found that the tensile strength of the CFRP of the present example was within the range of variation as compared with the case where the two-chrome wire was not inserted, and there was no deterioration in the physical properties.
- the arrangement of the metal wires in the weft direction was performed by partially aligning and inserting the weft yarn with the glass fiber when inserting the weft yarn during the weaving of the fabric.
- Example 1 when the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece was examined, no meandering or the like was observed because the wires were woven as weft.
- Example 2 As a woven fabric, two pieces of the same fabric as in Example 1 were prepared except that no nichrome wire was provided, and a CF RP was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the nichrome wire was manually provided between the two layers. Fabrication and evaluation were performed. Table 2 shows the results.
- Molding is carried out by impregnating the above-mentioned fabric with a resin, manually arranging the coated nichrome wire in parallel with the carbon fiber, and then laminating another fabric thereon and impregnating with the resin. went.
- Example 2 Similar to Example 1, when the angle between the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece and the carbon fiber direction was examined, a deviation was found. Furthermore, the length of the nichrome wire removed from the test piece was longer than the length of the test piece. In other words, the nichrome wire was not arranged in parallel with the carbon fiber.
- Example 2 Except for setting the volume ratio of the nichrome wire in the base material to 10%, the same coated nichrome wire as in Example 1 was used, and the production and evaluation of CFRP were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example 1 The tensile strength was reduced by about 12% from Example 1. This comparative example It was found that the volume ratio of the chromium wire was too high, causing the physical properties to drop.
- Molding is performed by impregnating the above fabric with resin, arranging the coated nichrome wire on it in parallel with the carbon fiber, and then laminating another fabric thereon and impregnating with resin. went.
- Example 2 when the relationship between the arrangement direction of the nichrome wires in the test piece and the weft of the woven fabric was examined, a shift was observed, and the meandering of the nichrome wires was observed.
- An iron wire with a wire diameter of 0.1 lmm is used as the metal wire, and a 75 denier, 36 filament multifilament polyester fiber is used in the S direction, and a 100 denier low melting point nylon yarn is used in the Z direction.
- an iron wire coated with 100% insulated wire having a coating rate of 100% was prepared by covering it by winding Zm 100 times.
- PAN-based high-strength type carbon fiber (number of single yarns: 24,000 fibers, fineness: 14,400 denier, tensile strength: 4900 ⁇ 1-3, tensile modulus: 230 GPa)
- the density is 1.8 8 Zcm
- the density of 3 Zcm is as an auxiliary yarn using a covering yarn consisting of 405 denier glass fiber covered with 50 denier low melting point nylon yarn.
- the auxiliary yarn for two picks at intervals of 50 cm two of the coated iron wires were aligned and a total of four iron wires were inserted.
- the mixture was heated with a heater to melt the low-melting nylon yarn used for the insulation coating of the iron wire and the low-melting nylon yarn of the weft auxiliary yarn, and thereby bonded to the warp carbon fiber.
- iron wires are arranged at an interval of 50 cm, that is, an arrangement cycle of 50 cm, and the unidirectional carbon fiber woven fabric having a width of 25 cm and having a carbon fiber basis weight of 300 gZm 2 is arranged.
- a proximity switch with a sensor outer diameter of ⁇ 30 as a metal detector. Used.
- a lamp is turned on and placed on the surface of the laminate.
- the proximity switch was moved at a speed of 2 mZmin in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the metal wire, and the proximity switch was stopped at a distance of 50 cm.
- the number of lamp operations during this movement was measured to be four, confirming that the number of stacked lamps was four. It was found that the number of layers was the same even in other parts of the laminate, and that the number could be detected at any position.
- the metal wire was heated for 1 minute with a 100 V, 140 W electromagnetic induction device, and then the electromagnetic induction device was removed and placed at a distance of lm from the laminate. It was measured with an infrared radiation thermometer.
- an infrared radiation thermometer with a HgCdTe detector, the minimum detection temperature difference at 30 ° C is 0.08 ° C, and the temperature measurement range is 150 to 200 Ot: Was used.
- a laminated body was molded under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that a bare nichrome single wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm was used as a metal wire, and terminals and lead wires were connected to both ends of the four nichrome wires.
- the heating was performed by energizing the metal wire, but the method of sensing the metal wire was the same as in Example 4.
- Energization was performed from an AC power supply via a slidax. Four metal wires were connected in parallel, and a voltage of 5 V was applied to the whole.
- the reinforcing carbon fiber substrate of the present invention can be used for a large structure or a large-sized structure by arranging a metal wire inside the reinforcing carbon fiber substrate and setting the volume ratio of the metal wire to 4% or less of the reinforcing fiber. It can be formed into FRPs of various shapes integrated with this, and it can also accurately detect the state of distortion occurring in structures and FRPs.
- the metal wire is disposed inside the reinforcing carbon fiber base material at a volume ratio of 4% or less, and the base materials are stacked so that the insertion positions of the metal wires are different from each other.
- the number of stacked layers and the stacking direction which cannot be detected by ordinary nondestructive inspection methods, can be easily detected nondestructively.
- the reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method of the present invention are preferably used for repairing or reinforcing a structure made of FRP, particularly a concrete structure.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2286574 CA2286574A1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
US09/402,981 US6277771B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber material, laminate and detecting method |
EP19990902909 EP0989215B1 (en) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Reinforcing carbon fiber base material, laminate and detection method |
KR1019997009648A KR100563130B1 (ko) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | 보강용 탄소섬유기재, 적층체 및 검출방법 |
DE69941471T DE69941471D1 (de) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Material auf basis von kohlenfasern zur verstärkung, laminat und überwachungsverfahren |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3619098 | 1998-02-18 | ||
JP10/36190 | 1998-02-18 | ||
JP14721898A JP4300597B2 (ja) | 1998-02-18 | 1998-05-28 | 補強用繊維基材及び構造物の歪み検出方法 |
JP10/147218 | 1998-05-28 | ||
JP10/238264 | 1998-08-25 | ||
JP23826498A JP4186262B2 (ja) | 1998-08-25 | 1998-08-25 | 積層体および積層体の積層数検出方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999042643A1 true WO1999042643A1 (fr) | 1999-08-26 |
Family
ID=27289010
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/000644 WO1999042643A1 (fr) | 1998-02-18 | 1999-02-15 | Matiere a base de fibres de carbone de renforcement, lamine et procede de detection |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6277771B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0989215B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100563130B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2286574A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69941471D1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW434360B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1999042643A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022144458A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | Tmg- Tecidos Para Vestuário E Decoração, S.A | Thermosetting material, methods and uses thereof |
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- 1999-02-12 TW TW88102304A patent/TW434360B/zh active
- 1999-02-15 DE DE69941471T patent/DE69941471D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-15 KR KR1019997009648A patent/KR100563130B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-15 EP EP19990902909 patent/EP0989215B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-15 US US09/402,981 patent/US6277771B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-15 CA CA 2286574 patent/CA2286574A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022144458A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | Tmg- Tecidos Para Vestuário E Decoração, S.A | Thermosetting material, methods and uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6277771B1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
KR20010006558A (ko) | 2001-01-26 |
EP0989215A4 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
EP0989215B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
TW434360B (en) | 2001-05-16 |
CA2286574A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
DE69941471D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
EP0989215A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
KR100563130B1 (ko) | 2006-03-22 |
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