WO1999020301A1 - Tumorvakzine - Google Patents
Tumorvakzine Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999020301A1 WO1999020301A1 PCT/EP1998/006546 EP9806546W WO9920301A1 WO 1999020301 A1 WO1999020301 A1 WO 1999020301A1 EP 9806546 W EP9806546 W EP 9806546W WO 9920301 A1 WO9920301 A1 WO 9920301A1
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- tumor
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- A61K38/21—Interferons [IFN]
- A61K38/217—IFN-gamma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55555—Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of immunotherapy for tumor diseases.
- Interferon- ⁇ , (IFN- ⁇ ) IL-12, and GM-CSF have been shown to be promising (Rosenberg, 1991; Dranoff, 1993; Zatloukal, 1993; Ferrantini, 1994; Lamont, 1996; Clary, 1996).
- Cytokines are pleiotropic mediators that naturally serve for communication between cells that are close to each other. They act over short distances.
- the modern idea and the desired principle of a tumor vaccine is the induction of a systemic immune reaction directed against the tumor with the help of a simultaneous, targeted supply of relevant tumor antigens and immune mulatmatic cytokines, but not via the high-dose systemic administration of cytokines, but rather over longer periods Local high cytokm doses at the site of vaccination (paracnnes concept) (Pardoll, 1995; Jaffe et al., 1996).
- cytokines Local application of the cytokines is, however, technically problematic, especially because of the rapid diffusion of the cytokines (within minutes) into the surrounding tissues or into the bloodstream, coupled with an often extremely short half-life (inactivation) into biological fluids (Eppstem, 1982 ; Kedar et al., 1994; Koppenhagen, 1997).
- the approach using gene-modified tumor cells takes into account the physiological, parak ⁇ nen mode of action of the cytokines, the cytokm dose has emerged as a further decisive parameter. It was shown that to stimulate an immune response, the cytokines have to be administered within a therapeutically effective dose window, too low but also too high cytokine doses were not effective (Zatloukal et al., 1995; Schmidt et al., 1995). On the other hand, it is often difficult to use gene modification of tumor cells, especially primary tumor cells, to achieve gene expression exactly within this effective dose window.
- DE-A1 44 11 425 describes a cellular tumor vaccine which contains cytokines in depot form. Specifically, IL-2 is proposed as the cytokm, whereby requirements regarding the dose and the release kinetics of the cytokm are not considered.
- WO 94/21808 describes a tumor vaccine from autologous, cytokine gene-transfected cells, from which it is shown, inter alia, that the protective action of cytokines (IL-2, IFN- ⁇ and GM-CSF) is dose-dependent, it being shown that not necessarily with the highest dose the best protective effect is achieved, but an optimally effective dose window is not defined.
- cytokines IL-2, IFN- ⁇ and GM-CSF
- the object of the present invention was to provide an alternative tumor vaccine which is simple to produce and which makes it possible to release the immunostimulating cytokine in a targeted manner over a longer period of time at the site of the vaccination in the therapeutically effective dose range.
- a tumor vaccine based on tumor antigens which is characterized in that it contains, as an effective component, in addition to a tumor antigen source, a delivery system with delayed release of active ingredient for IFN- ⁇ , the effective IFN- ⁇ dose being 50 ng up to 5 ⁇ g and the release period is half an hour to 8 days.
- the IFN- ⁇ dose is preferably 100 ng to 2 ⁇ g, in particular 100 ng to 1 ⁇ g.
- a release period from half an hour to 2 to 3 days has proven to be beneficial, but longer release periods of up to 8 days have also shown a favorable antitumor effect.
- At least about 75% of the effective IFN- ⁇ dose is released in a release period of one hour to 3 days.
- IFN- ⁇ should be released as soon as possible, but at the latest one hour after application of the vaccine.
- tumor vaccine means that IFN- ⁇ and tumor antigen source are available essentially simultaneously.
- the delivery system with delayed release of active substance is referred to below as the "slow release system”.
- the slow release system is preferably in the form of liposomes.
- Liposomes are synthetic lipid vesicles that consist of one or more concentric lipid layers that enclose watery compartments. Water-soluble substances can be enclosed in the watery compartments, and liposoluble substances can be incorporated into the lipid layers. Since these vesicles are versatile due to their structure, their biodegradability and their low toxicity, they have been increasingly used in recent years as carriers of various therapeutic agents, including for tumor therapeutics.
- Liposomes are divided into two main categories.
- the first category is the uni- or multilamellar "conventional" liposomes. Because of their rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, these liposomes have a relatively short half-life.
- the liposomes are modified in order to reduce non-specific interactions with cells of the reticuloendothelial system when using the liposomes and to prevent undesired rapid degradation.
- the liposomes are preferably modified with covalently coupled polyethylene glycol (PEG) ("PEGylated”; Mo ⁇ et al., 1991; Chonn et al., 1992; Woodle et al., 1994).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the amount of PEG used is between 2 and 10% PEG-coupled lipid in the liposome (m / m)
- Molecular weight of PEG preferably between 750 and 5000 D (Klibanov et al., 1990; Blume et al., 1990; Mayhew et al., 1992; Papahadjopoulos et al., 1991; Senior et al., 1991; Mo ⁇ et al. , 1991; Yoshioka, 1991).
- the liposomes can also be modified with other groups, such as amphiphilic vinyl polymers, in order to extend their half-life in vivo.
- biodegradable ones are used for the incorporation of IFN- ⁇ polymeric materials in the form of microsphere (Maulding, 1987; Golumbek et al., 1993; Johnson et al., 1996; Lee et al., 1997; Cleland, 1997; Cleland and Jones, 1996) or mini pellets (Fu iwara et al. , 1990; Marumo et al., 1997); these can also be modified to extend the half-life.
- compositions containing tumor antigens which are suitable for triggering a specific immune response in the treated individual can serve as the tumor antigen source of the vaccine according to the invention.
- the tumor antigens are in the form of tumor cells.
- the tumor cells of the vaccine can be autologous or allogeneic tumor cells.
- the tumor cells of the vaccine are autologous. These are cells that are taken from the patient to be treated, inactivated, if necessary, ex vivo, mixed with the IFN- ⁇ -releasing slow-release system and then re-administered to the patient (methods for producing autologous tumor vaccines are known to the person skilled in the art and described, inter alia, in WO 94/21808, to the disclosure of which reference is made.)
- the tumor cells are allogenic, ie they do not originate from the patient to be treated (Barth et al., 1994; Morton et al., 1992).
- allogeneic cells which are generally used to form established tumor cell lines Preference will be given above all if economic considerations play a role; the production of individual vaccines for each individual patient is labor-intensive and costly, moreover, difficulties arise in the ex vivo cultivation of the tumor cells in individual patients, so that tumor cells are not obtained in sufficient numbers to be able to produce a vaccine.
- a mixture of cells from several allogeneic is preferred as the tumor antigen source
- Lysates of tumor cells such as e.g. by Mitchell, et al., 1993.
- the tumor antigen source consists of tumor cells, in particular allogeneic tumor cells, which are loaded with peptides which are derived from tumor antigens.
- a tumor vaccine which can be used according to the invention as an antigen source in connection with the IFN- ⁇ slow release formulation has been described by Buschle et al., 1997; as an alternative to tumor cells, it is also possible to use antigen-presenting cells, for example dendritic cells which are loaded with the tumor antigen peptides, as described in DE-A1 196 07 044 or by Buschle et al., 1997.
- tumor antigens and tumor-associated antigens were identified and isolated (for example described by Wolfel et al., 1994 a) and 1994 b); Carrel et al., 1993; Lehmann et al., 1989; Tibbets et al., 1993; or the published international applications WO 92/20356, WO 94/05304, WO 94/23031, WO 95/00159), was the prerequisite for using tumor antigens as such as immunogens, as described, for example, by Anchim et al., 1996, described.
- the tumor antigens are present in the form of tumor antigens as such in order to trigger a cellular immune response as is required for the elimination of tumor cells carrying tumor antigens (Bakker et al., 1994; Cox et al.,
- the tumor antigens can be in the form of proteins or in the form of Tu orantigen-derived peptides.
- Peptides which are suitable as an antigen source in the context of the present invention are given by Melief et al., 1996.
- the source of antigen may also be in the form of a slow release formulation.
- a tumor vaccine based on tumor antigens for example in the form of tumor cells, in combination with a "slow release" system in which IFN- ⁇ is built in, has the advantage over tumor vaccines from gene-modified tumor cells that express IFN- ⁇ exact control of the cytokine release at the vaccination site and thus a reproducible and exact dosage of the cytokine. Furthermore, the labor and thus the cost of production is significantly lower.
- mice with vaccines consisting of irradiated tumor cells and muIFN- ⁇ -liposomes can induce a systemic immune response which the animals before a
- the protective effect depends not only on the IFN- ⁇ dose but also on the delayed release of the cytokine.
- the vaccine according to the invention can contain one or more other cytokines in addition to IFN- ⁇ , e.g. Interleukm-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-12, IFN- ⁇ IFN-ß, IFN- ⁇
- IL-2 Interleukm-2
- IL-4 Interleukm-2
- IL-12 Interleukin-12
- IFN- ⁇ IFN-ß IFN- ⁇
- the cytokm which may additionally be present in the vaccine can be present in the same or in a different slow-release system as IFN- ⁇ .
- the cytokm can also be made available at the application site by using tumor cells (preferably allogeneic) which are transfected with the corresponding cytokm gene as the tumor antigen source.
- the vaccine may also contain non-specific immunostimulating adjuvants, such as LPS
- the ratio of antigen: IFN- ⁇ dose suitable for an efficient antitumor effect is first determined.
- a suitable procedure for this is that, based on a suboptimal amount of antigen with regard to the formation of an antitumor response (in the case of an optimal antigen dose of about 10 ⁇ tumor cells, for example about 10 ⁇ cells), the amount of IFN- ⁇ is determined by titration in which the anti-tumor effect is increased.
- the formulation generally contains about 10 ⁇ to 10 ⁇ , preferably 10 ⁇ to 10 ⁇ cells when tumor cells are used as the source of the antigen; if a cell-free antigen source is used, the amount of tumor antigens or peptides derived therefrom is dimensioned such that an immune response is triggered which is approximately equivalent to the immune response triggered by the abovementioned tumor cell number.
- liposomes is used as a representative for all preparations which allow delayed release of proteins, for example microsphere or Mini pellets:
- IFN- ⁇ m is morphed into various liposome preparations, free IFN- ⁇ is separated off and the IFN- ⁇ content of the liposomes is determined, for example by means of ELISA, HPLC or by means of Lowry protein determination method (Lowry et al., 1951).
- the absolute degree of loading of the liposomes with IFN- ⁇ is not critical for the biological effectiveness of the vaccine according to the invention; what is important is the dose available in a certain period of time. However, it has proven to be advantageous if the IFN- ⁇ concentration in the liposome preparation is at least about 10 ⁇ g / ml, preferably more than 20 ⁇ g / ml. (With a low absolute degree of loading of the liposomes, the desired immunomodulatory effect of IFN- ⁇ in the vaccine can be achieved by increasing the proportion of liposome preparation in the vaccine).
- At least 90% of the IFN- ⁇ m is included in the liposomes, i.e. that at most 10% of the protein is adsorbed on the outside of the liposomes.
- An advantageous production method for such "alternative" liposomes is to reduce or prevent the non-specific electrostatic interaction which leads to the adsorption of IFN- ⁇ by providing a washing step with a saline solution (for example NaCl). The concentration of Ions must be sufficient to compete with the protein for binding to the liposomes.
- the next step is to determine the release kinetics of the liposomes.
- the incorporation or release kinetics of the cytokines depends on the charge, the hydrophilic / hydrophobic character of the cytokine on the one hand, and on the chemical and physical chemical characteristics of the liposomes on the other hand dependent.
- the most important characteristics of the liposomes that determine the release kinetics are their size, the number of lipid layers (un ⁇ - / mult ⁇ lamellar), charge and fluidity of the lipid layers. These in turn are determined by the chemical composition of the lipid layers (Eppste, 1982; Koppenhagen, 1997).
- the principle of suitable tests for determining the release kinetics is based on incubating the IFN- ⁇ -loaded liposomes in a physiological buffer system, which contains serum for the purpose of simulating in vivo conditions, and determining the IFN- ⁇ concentration in the supernatant at certain time intervals , e.g. by means of ELISA.
- a physiological buffer system which contains serum for the purpose of simulating in vivo conditions
- determining the IFN- ⁇ concentration in the supernatant at certain time intervals e.g. by means of ELISA.
- specific tests are described with which the release kinetics of the therapeutic agent can be determined.
- the release kinetics are preferably determined in vivo.
- test animals are given the appropriate injection volume, which, for reasons of demonstrability, expediently has a higher IFN- ⁇ content than the intended effective dose of the vaccine. Then blood is taken from the test animals at defined intervals and the IFN- ⁇ content is determined, e.g. with ELISA.
- the mm vivo release kinetics can be determined by using a liposome preparation is applied in which the liposomes and the IFN- ⁇ contained therein have a different radioactive label. After the injection, samples are taken from the vaccination site at defined intervals and the
- the absolute values provide information about liposomes / IFN- ⁇ still present at the vaccination site; a proportional decrease in the two values suggests that the IFN- ⁇ is still encapsulated in the liposomes.
- the effective combination of tumor antigens / IFN- ⁇ contained in the tumor vaccine according to the invention is such that a cytotoxic T-cell response and / or a humoral immune response is triggered which eliminates the tumor cells or provides protection against tumor formation in the case of prophylactic use .
- Suitable tests are available to the person skilled in the art to determine the extent of the immune response and to determine an optimal dosage of tumor antigen / IFN- ⁇ on the basis of the test results.
- Test animal (which is obtained by treating the animal with antibodies that deplete CD4 or CD8 cells) no immune response occurs (Coligan et al., 1991).
- a cellular immune response can also be demonstrated by demonstrating a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in immunized animals.
- DTH delayed-type hypersensitivity
- peptides are injected into the sole of the foot of mice and the swelling of the injected site is measured (Grohman et al., 1995; Puccetti et al., 1994).
- antigens are injected intradermally and the redness or swelling of the injected area is measured.
- the induction of a humoral immune response by antigens or peptides derived therefrom which are foreign antigens for the organism or antigens which are expressed in low concentration by the organism to be treated can be determined by detecting specific antibodies in the serum.
- the enzyme Lmked Immunoassay is the method for determining antibody titer in serum.
- the specific antibodies are detected with a color reaction after binding to the peptide used for immunization.
- An alternative method is the Western blot. Specific serum antibodies bind to the peptide immobilized on a membrane. Bound antibodies are finally detected using a color reaction (Coligan et al., 1991).
- the immunomodulatory effect of the vaccine is measured in animal experiments.
- Established tumor models in which irradiated tumor cells induce at least a low immune response or tumor models in which tumor antigen peptide sequences recognized by immune cells are known can be used for this purpose.
- the vaccine will vary in Ratios of tumor antigen source / IFN- ⁇ slow release system applied. Protection against tumor growth is a measure of the effectiveness of the tumor vaccine.
- the injection volume is generally 50 ⁇ l to 2 ml.
- the vaccine according to the invention is generally in the form of a suspension in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, preferably a watery carrier.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier e.g. Water, buffered water, salt solution (0.4%), glycine solution (0.3%), hyaluronic acid and similar known carriers can be used.
- the composition may also contain pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as buffering substances and inorganic salts to achieve normal osmotic pressure and / or effective lyophilization. Examples of such additives are sodium and potassium salts, e.g. Chlorides and phosphates, sucrose, glucose, protein hydrolyzates, dextran, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
- the compositions can be sterilized using conventional techniques, e.g. by means of stone filtration. The composition can be filled in this form immediately or lyophilized and mixed with a sterile solution before use.
- Tumor vaccines in the form of two separate formulations (tumor antigen source and IFN- ⁇ slow-release formulation) which are combined before administration.
- the tumor vaccine according to the invention can be administered prophylactically or therapeutically.
- the route of application is preferably intradermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular.
- Fig. 1 Determination of the release kinetics of muIFN- ⁇ from liposomes in vi tro
- Fig. 2 Immunization of mice with a vaccine from tumor cells and muIFN- ⁇ (1st experiment)
- Fig. 3 Immunization of mice with a vaccine from tumor cells and muIFN- ⁇ (2nd experiment)
- Fig. 4 Determination of the cytotoxic activity of T lymphocytes after immunization with a
- association efficiency was found to be only 20% at a 1: 0 molar ratio, while it increased to more than 95% at a 1: 4, 4: 1 or 9: 1 molar ratio.
- the liposomes containing IFN- ⁇ were stable at 4 ° C for at least one month. After 30 days, an IFN- ⁇ activity of more than> 80%, determined by HPLC, was detected. The 20% decrease in activity is apparently due to a breakdown of IFN- ⁇ ; Protein determination according to Lowry et al., 1951, showed that no significant amounts of protein were released from the liposomes (storage of free IFN- ⁇ at 4 ° C. also shows a loss of activity of 20%).
- Recombinant murine IFN- ⁇ was made in 10 mM
- IFN- ⁇ -containing liposomes in PBS / 10% FCS buffer (approx. 0.5-1 ml liposomes per ml buffer) at 37 ° C., which simulates a m vivo environment, incubated over the time periods indicated in Fig. 1. After incubation, the samples were dissolved with sucrose spiked and centrifuged to separate the liposomes and the released protein. The lower phase was separated from the liposomes and frozen at -20 ° C until the IFN- ⁇ content was determined. The IFN- ⁇ content was determined using an ELISA (BIO Source).
- the mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 comes from the NIH DCTDC tumor repository.
- the cells were grown in T175 culture bottles in DMEM, 10% FCS, 2 mM glutamine.
- B16F10 melanoma cells (1-2 x 10 7 cells per T175 culture bottle) were dosed with ⁇ -rays
- the cells were trypsinized with a trypsin / EDTA solution, washed in 3 washing steps with culture medium, PBS and Ringer's solution and to a concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ cells per ml (m Ringer's solution) set.
- the cell suspension was mixed in equal volumes with liposome suspensions containing muIFN- ⁇ in different concentrations (100 ⁇ g / ml, 20 ⁇ g / ml, 4 ⁇ g / ml, 0.8 ⁇ g / ml and 0 ⁇ g / ml).
- the finished vaccines thus contained a tumor cell concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 ′′ cells per ml and concentrations of liposomally encapsulated muIFN- ⁇ correspondingly: 50 ⁇ g / ml, 10 ⁇ g / ml, 2 ⁇ g / ml, 0.4 ⁇ g / ml and 0 ⁇ g / ml .
- mice Syngeneic C57B1 / 6 mice (female, age: 8 weeks) were immunized by subcutaneous injection of the vaccines into the right rear flank. The fur had been shaved off on both back flanks. The injection volume was 100 ul per mouse. Thus, 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ B16 cells and correspondingly 5 ⁇ g, 1 ⁇ g, 200 ng or 40 ng liposomally encapsulated muIFN- ⁇ were administered per mouse per immunization. 8 mice were immunized per dose group.
- mice were immunized with the following control vaccines:
- mice received a booster immunization with the same vaccines used for the first immunization.
- mice After a further week, the animals were exposed to the highly tumorigenic dose of 1 x 10 ⁇ B16 cells, which was applied at a site which was removed (contralateral) from the immunization site. In addition, a group (8 animals) of non-immunized mice was exposed to the tumor cells in the same way.
- mice Eight weeks after the tumor cell implantation, all (8/8) of the non-immunized mice had developed tumors. In contrast, 4 of 8 and 3 of 8 animals of the groups which had been immunized with irradiated cells and mu IFN- ⁇ liposomes containing 200 ng and 1 ⁇ g mu IFN- ⁇ were protected. A similar protective effect (3/8 tumor-free animals) was found for animals that had been immunized with IFN- ⁇ -gene-modified cells.
- mice Syngeneic C57B1 / 6 mice (female, age: 9 weeks) were immunized by subcutaneous injection of the vaccines into the right rear flank. The fur had been shaved off on both back flanks. The injection volume was 100 ul per mouse. 2 x 10 ⁇ B16 cells and liposomally encapsulated mu IFN- ⁇ were administered per mouse in doses of 4 ⁇ g, 1 ⁇ g, 200 ng or 40 ng per immunization. 8 mice were immunized per dose group.
- mice were immunized with the following control vaccines:
- mice were boosted with the same vaccines as used for the first immunization.
- mice After a further week, the animals were exposed to the highly tumorigenic dose of 1 x 10 ⁇ B16 cells, that was applied at a location that was located (contralateral) from the immunization site. In addition, a group (8 animals) of non-immunized mice were exposed to the tumorigenic cells in the same way.
- mice Eight weeks after the tumor cell implantation, all (8/8) of the non-immunized mice had developed tumors. In contrast, 4 out of 8 and 3 out of 8 animals of the groups which had been immunized with irradiated cells and muIFN- ⁇ liposomes containing 1 ⁇ g and 200 ng muIFN- ⁇ were protected. A similar protective effect (4/8 tumor-free animals) was found for animals which had been immunized with muIFN- ⁇ -gene-modified cells.
- mice (female, age: 9 weeks) were immunized by subcutaneous injection of the vaccines into the right rear flank. The fur had been shaved off on both back flanks. The injection volume was 100 ul per mouse. There were 2 x 10 ⁇ per mouse
- one group was immunized only with irradiated B16 cells and another group was injected with buffer only
- mice Four mice were immunized per group.
- mice received a booster immunization with the same vaccines used for the first immunization.
- splenocytes were isolated, pooled within each group and restimulated for 5 days in vitro with irradiated B16 cells.
- CTL activity cytotoxic activity of the splenocytes (effector cells) against B16 cells (target cells) was measured using a europium release assay (Blomberg et al., 1993).
- the CTL activity (expressed as% specific lysis (Zatloukal et al., 1993)) was determined for various effector: target ratios (100: 1, 50: 1, 25: 1) and is shown in FIG. 4.
- Splenocytes from mice which had been immunized with irradiated B16 cells and muIFN- ⁇ -liposomes in the optimal dose range (300 ng muIFN- ⁇ ) showed a clear cytotoxic activity against B16 cells
- muIFN- ⁇ liposomes were shown to be an efficient adjuvant in a cellular tumor vaccine and free muIFN- ⁇ did not induce protection against lethal tumor challenge, it was assumed that encapsulation in liposomes resulted in prolonged presence of the cytome at the site of action .
- the release of muIFN- ⁇ liposomes was therefore investigated to show that the liposomes remain at the injection site, the site of the antigen presentation.
- MuIFN- ⁇ -liposomes were prepared as described in Example 2a, with the difference that the final concentration of MuIFN- ⁇ was 5 ⁇ g / ml.
- 125 I-labeled muIFN- ⁇ was used (the specific activity corresponded to that of the 125 I-labeled huIFN- ⁇ described in the following example, as was the mixing ratio to unlabeled muIFN - ⁇ ).
- the whereabouts of the liposomes To be able to follow the injection site was used in an alternative approach in the preparation of the lipid film in addition to PC and PG l ⁇ , 2 ⁇ (n) - [ 3 H] - cholesteryl ether, specific activity: 46 mCI (1.71 Tbq) / i ⁇ iMol (Amersham) (10 ⁇ l).
- Example 2e Analogous to that described in Example 2e, the mouse was subcutaneously injected with a single dose of 100 ⁇ l liposomes ([ 125 I] -muIFN- ⁇ -liposomes or [ 3 H] -liposomes) or free [ 125 I] -muIFN- ⁇ ( 5 ⁇ g / ml) injected. In contrast to Example 2e, no cells were added. The mice were killed at various times (see FIG. 5). The injection site was divided into three parts. Each piece was placed in a glass scintillation tube and 3 ml of Soluene-350 (Packard) was added to dissolve the samples at 40 ° C for three days.
- Soluene-350 Packard
- Fig. 5 shows the percentage of the dose remaining at the injection site (ID), based on the total injected dose. It turned out that that liposomally encapsulated muIFN- ⁇ remains at the injection site longer than the free one.
- the liposomes (40 ⁇ mol / ml) were produced by the film method, essentially as described in Example 1 or Example 2, with PC and PG being mixed in a molar ratio of 9: 1.
- the films were hydrogenated by hand rubbing the flasks.
- [ 125 I] -huIFN- ⁇ had shown during the first hours, which can probably be attributed to the fact that this portion immediately detaches from the liposomes and disappears from the vaccination site, "alternative" liposomes were produced which had less protein ( ⁇ 10%) contained adsorbed on the outer membrane.
- lipid films consisting of PC and PG in a molar ratio of 9: 1 with a very small volume of huIFN- ⁇ in 10% sucrose (10 mM Na-succinate buffer, pH 5.0), for example 0.5 ⁇ l; 500 ⁇ g / ml, hydrogenated. This resulted in a very viscous, gel-like mass of highly concentrated liposomes.
- liposomes were combined in one
- the "free" [ 125 I] -huIFN- ⁇ solution (10 kBq / mouse) was prepared by adding 52 ⁇ l of [ 125 I] -huIFN- ⁇ stock solution (120 ⁇ Ci / ml) to 2.3 ml (50 ⁇ g / ml ) HuIFN- ⁇ in 5% glucose (10 mM Na succinate buffer, pH 5.0).
- mice were injected with the two liposome preparations or the free solution containing huIFN- ⁇ , and the remaining injection dose was measured as described in Example 4.
- the result of the measurements is shown in FIG. 6, the percentage of the dose remaining at the injection site (ID), based on the total dose injected, being indicated. It was found that the liposomally encapsulated huIFN- ⁇ remains at the injection site longer than the free one, the "alternative" liposomes showing even more favorable properties with regard to the delayed release.
- B16 B16F10 melanoma cells irradiated with a dose of 50 Gy
- IFN / B16 with the gene for IFN-gamma transfected B16F10 melanoma cells irradiated with 50 Gy Table II
- B16 B16F10 melanoma cells irradiated with a dose of 50 Gy
- IFN / B16 gene transfected with IFN-gamma, B16F10 irradiated with 50 Gy
- IL-12 a key cytokine in immune regulation. Immunol Today 5: 214-217
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EP98954420A EP1023082A1 (de) | 1997-10-18 | 1998-10-15 | Tumorvakzine |
JP2000516696A JP2001520203A (ja) | 1997-10-18 | 1998-10-15 | 腫瘍ワクチン |
CA002307639A CA2307639A1 (en) | 1997-10-18 | 1998-10-15 | Tumour vaccine |
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Cited By (6)
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JP2003528924A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-30 | パーデュー・リサーチ・ファウンデイション | リガンド免疫原複合体を用いる処置方法 |
WO2008031126A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-20 | Ralf Kircheis | Multi-component tumour vaccine |
CN100475264C (zh) * | 2004-09-28 | 2009-04-08 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所 | 含干扰素或其类似物的注射用缓释微球及其制备方法 |
CN100528224C (zh) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-08-19 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所 | 含干扰素α-1b的注射用缓释微球及其制备方法 |
WO2011101465A1 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Intercell Ag | Ic31 nanoparticles |
CN102631671A (zh) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-15 | 倪国颖 | 提高疫苗诱导的细胞毒性t细胞反应的治疗性疫苗 |
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PT1699480E (pt) * | 2003-12-30 | 2011-08-30 | Mologen Ag | AGENTE TERAPjUTICO ANTI-TUMORAL ALOGÉNICO |
WO2008137705A1 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-13 | Boris Skurkovich | Prevention of cancers by immunization |
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1998
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DE4411425A1 (de) * | 1994-04-05 | 1995-10-19 | Falkenberg Frank W Prof Dr | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Tumorvakzine für die Aktive Spezifische Immuntherapie (ASI) |
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CA2307639A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
DE19746173A1 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
JP2001520203A (ja) | 2001-10-30 |
EP1023082A1 (de) | 2000-08-02 |
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