WO1999016749A1 - Verfahren zur reinigung von 4-amino-piperidinen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von 4-amino-piperidinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999016749A1 WO1999016749A1 PCT/EP1998/006117 EP9806117W WO9916749A1 WO 1999016749 A1 WO1999016749 A1 WO 1999016749A1 EP 9806117 W EP9806117 W EP 9806117W WO 9916749 A1 WO9916749 A1 WO 9916749A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- amino
- reaction
- piperidine
- purification
- piperidines
- Prior art date
Links
- 0 CC*C1C2(*3C2C(CC(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)C)C3=C2C1*C2 Chemical compound CC*C1C2(*3C2C(CC(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)C)C3=C2C1*C2 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/56—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D211/58—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the purification of 2, 2, 6, 6-tetrasubstituted 4-aminopiperidines, prepared from the corresponding piperidin-4 -ones and subsequent distillation.
- the invention relates to a process for the purification of 4-amino-piperidines of the formula I.
- R 1 to R 4 are C 1 to C 6 alkyl
- R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 together represent a CH 2 chain with 2 to 5 C atoms, prepared from the corresponding piperidine-4 -ones of formula II
- the 4-aminopiperidines which due to the 2, 2, 6, 6 substitution, e.g. Tetraalkyl substitution, called sterically hindered, are used in many ways. They serve in particular as intermediates in the manufacture of UV stabilizers for synthetic polymers (see, for example: R. Gumbleter, H. Müller (editor): Taschenbuch der Kunststoffadditive, Carl Hanser Verlag, Kunststoff, 1979; F. Gugumus , Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 44, 299-322 (1994)) and as chain regulators and stabilizers in the production of polyamides (cf. for example: WO 952 84 43, DE-A-4 413 177).
- the sterically hindered 4-amino-piperidines have no, or as little as possible, their own color in addition to a high chemical purity, and that no discoloration takes place for a storage period of several months. This is especially true when the 4-aminopiperidine is used to produce stabilizers or is used directly as an additive, since its product quality, and thus also the quality of the stabilized polymers, depends crucially on the chemical purity and in particular the color quality.
- the sterically hindered 4-aminopiperidines are generally produced on an industrial scale starting from dialkyl ketones, for example acetone or acetone derivatives.
- dialkyl ketones for example acetone or acetone derivatives.
- the purification of the sterically hindered 4-aminopiperidines produced industrially is generally carried out by distillation. (See, for example, EP-A-33 529).
- coloring compounds in certain amino alcohols which occur in the production of the amino alcohols from ethylene oxide and a corresponding amine, can be converted into less coloring compounds by catalytic hydrogenation.
- JP 06 25,410 (Chem. Abstr. 121: 56988n), JP-OS 48-52708 (Chem. Abstr. 80: 36697y), JP 05,345,821 (Chem. Abstr. 120: 272327t), US 5 362 914 and EP-A- 262 562 describe that discoloration in certain polyamines can be reduced by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts.
- DE-A-22 05 958 discloses a process for the purification of tertiary amines which have been obtained by reacting primary alcohols with ammonia by hydrogenating the impurities before the distillation of the tertiary amine.
- the compounds mentioned above are classes of substances other than those of the sterically hindered 4-amino-piperidines of the present invention.
- the origin of the color-giving impurities in the above-mentioned compounds is also determined by the particular manufacturing processes and starting materials used.
- Japanese patent application JP-OS 02-311 457 describes the purification of 2, 2, 6, 6-tetraalkyl-4-piperide ions by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
- the process product (triacetonamine, TAA) is so color-unstable that it already has a color quality many times worse than the starting material after storage at 60 ° C. for one week.
- DD-A-266 799 teaches to react 4-amino-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine in acetone / water solution with CO, to separate the precipitate, to wash with acetone, then to decompose thermally and to add the product by distillation clean.
- the older German application No. 19622269.9 describes a distillation process for the purification of crude 4-aminopiperidines I by separating high-boiling substances and, if appropriate, water from the crude pipidines by distillation in a first step, 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the product of the first step, of a reducing agent, for example sodium borohydride, is added and, in a third step, the piperidines I are isolated by distillation.
- a reducing agent for example sodium borohydride
- the object of the present invention was to provide an inexpensive and easy to carry out process by means of which colorless, color-stable and highly pure sterically hindered 4-aminopiperidines, e.g. Formula I can be made available. That Products with as little intrinsic color as possible for a long time, with a low content of by-products and no content of stabilizing additives.
- the designation of 4-amino-piperidines I as "colorless” includes minimal discoloration, up to a maximum color number of 40 APHA (measured according to DIN-ISO 6271).
- the radicals R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, preferably C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, for example ethyl or methyl, in particular methyl.
- Rectification obtained is reacted according to the invention with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, for example at temperatures from 20 to 200 ° C. Higher temperatures are also possible.
- a reaction temperature in the range from 50 to 150 ° C. is preferred.
- the reaction of the 4-aminopiperidine with hydrogen can be carried out under normal pressure or preferably under pressure, for example between 0.1 and 50 MPa. Higher pressures are also possible.
- a reaction pressure of 1 to 30 MPa is preferred, in particular 1 to 20 MPa.
- the reaction of the 4-amino-piperidine with hydrogen can be carried out in the presence of a solvent or a solvent mixture which is inert under the reaction conditions, or preferably without a solvent.
- a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, methanol or ethanol
- the reaction conditions are chosen so that the solvent is liquid in the reaction mixture.
- Suitable hydrogenation catalysts are, for example, catalysts which contain copper, silver, gold, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, chromium, molybdenum or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrogenation catalyst used can be homogeneously dissolved in 4-aminopiperidine or in a mixture of 4-aminopiperidine and solvent, for example when using tris (triphenylphosphine) rhodium chloride, or particularly preferably undissolved, that is to say heterogeneously.
- Suitable heterogeneous catalysts are unsupported catalysts such as Raney nickel or Raney cobalt, the latter in the reac tion mixture ⁇ be suspended, or supported catalysts, which are preferably in the reactor are arranged as a fixed bed.
- suitable supports for the catalytically active metals or metal compounds are, for example, carbon, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon carbide, zeolites or mixtures thereof.
- supported catalysts which contain copper and / or cobalt and / or nickel and aluminum oxide and / or zirconium dioxide may be mentioned.
- the two supported catalysts with the following composition are used: Weight 76 -.% Of Al calculated as 3 A10, 4 wt .-% of Cu, calculated as CuO, 10 wt -.% Of Co, calculated as CoO and 10 wt -.% Of Ni, calculated as NiO (according to DE-A- 1 953 263)
- the required residence time of the 4-aminopiperidine on the catalyst results, inter alia, from the degree of discoloration of the distilled 4-aminopiperidine and the extent of the desired decolorization and / or color stability of the piperidine. In general, the longer it is, the higher the degree of discoloration of the 4-amino-piperidine used in the process step according to the invention and the higher the requirements for the color quality of the product. Depending on the reaction conditions chosen, residence times of 10 minutes to a few hours are generally sufficient.
- the process step according to the invention can be carried out either continuously, for example in tubular reactors, stirred tanks or stirred tank cascades, or batchwise, for example in stirred tanks.
- the 4-aminopiperidine is separated off from the hydrogenation catalyst and from the solvent which may be used.
- the hydrogenation catalysts dissolved in the reaction product are separated off by distillation, the solvent which may be used and the 4-aminopiperidine being successively distilled off overhead in the customary manner.
- the separation of used in suspension Hydrierkataly ⁇ catalysts is carried out by decantation and / filtration.
- the reaction discharge can then be distilled, which is in any case necessary in the case of a solvent used.
- the reaction is suitably filtered to remove optionally present catalyst attrition.
- the reaction product can then be distilled, which is absolutely necessary in the case of a solvent used.
- the color of the sterically hindered 4-amino-piperidines was determined by measuring the APHA color number in accordance with DIN-ISO 6271. In all examples, the TAD samples were stored under comparable conditions (room temperature, in the dark).
- the reaction discharge was then filtered.
- the purity of the colorless TAD obtained by GC was 99.9%.
- the APHA color number of the TAD was ⁇ 1 after a storage period of 50 days. Even after a storage period of 147 days, the TAD was apparently colorless, i.e. the APHA color number was ⁇ 10.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR9812595-8A BR9812595A (pt) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Processo para purificar 4-amino-piperidinas 2,2,6,6-tetrasubstituìdas |
AU97469/98A AU9746998A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Method for purifying 4-amino-piperidines |
HU0004584A HUP0004584A2 (hu) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Eljárás 4-amino-piperidinek tisztítására |
KR1020007003498A KR20010030840A (ko) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | 4-아미노-피페리딘의 정제 방법 |
PL98339578A PL339578A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Method of purifying 4-amino piperidines |
EP98951469A EP1025084A1 (de) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Verfahren zur reinigung von 4-amino-piperidinen |
NZ503565A NZ503565A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Method for purifying 2,2,6,6,-tetrasubstituted 4-aminopiperidines with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation or dehydrogenation catalyst |
IDW20000612D ID23897A (id) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Pemurnian 4-aminopiperidin |
CA002305282A CA2305282A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Method for purifying 4-amino-piperidines |
JP2000513835A JP2001518465A (ja) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | 4−アミノピペリジンの精製方法 |
SK426-2000A SK4262000A3 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Method for purifying 4-amino-piperidines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19743433A DE19743433C1 (de) | 1997-10-01 | 1997-10-01 | Verfahren zur Reinigung von 4-Amino-piperidinen |
DE19743433.9 | 1997-10-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999016749A1 true WO1999016749A1 (de) | 1999-04-08 |
Family
ID=7844311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/006117 WO1999016749A1 (de) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-25 | Verfahren zur reinigung von 4-amino-piperidinen |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1025084A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001518465A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20010030840A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1272843A (de) |
AU (1) | AU9746998A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9812595A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2305282A1 (de) |
CO (1) | CO4770994A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19743433C1 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0004584A2 (de) |
ID (1) | ID23897A (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ503565A (de) |
PL (1) | PL339578A1 (de) |
SK (1) | SK4262000A3 (de) |
TW (1) | TW377345B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999016749A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2085385A1 (de) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-05 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
DE102008040045A1 (de) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0033529A1 (de) * | 1980-02-02 | 1981-08-12 | Chemische Werke Hüls Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
EP0262562A2 (de) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-04-06 | Texaco Chemical Company | Verminderung der Verfärbung von Polyaminen durch milde katalytische Hydrierung |
DE19622269A1 (de) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung von sterisch gehinderten 4-Aminopiperidinen |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH664361A5 (de) * | 1985-06-13 | 1988-02-29 | Ni Institutkhimikatov Dlya Pol | Verfahren zur herstellung von 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin. |
JP2718179B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-26 | 1998-02-25 | 三井化学株式会社 | 2,2,6,6‐テトラアルキル‐4‐ピペリジノンの精製方法 |
-
1997
- 1997-10-01 DE DE19743433A patent/DE19743433C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-09-25 NZ NZ503565A patent/NZ503565A/en unknown
- 1998-09-25 KR KR1020007003498A patent/KR20010030840A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-25 HU HU0004584A patent/HUP0004584A2/hu unknown
- 1998-09-25 SK SK426-2000A patent/SK4262000A3/sk unknown
- 1998-09-25 PL PL98339578A patent/PL339578A1/xx unknown
- 1998-09-25 WO PCT/EP1998/006117 patent/WO1999016749A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-25 JP JP2000513835A patent/JP2001518465A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-25 CA CA002305282A patent/CA2305282A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-25 CN CN98809761A patent/CN1272843A/zh active Pending
- 1998-09-25 AU AU97469/98A patent/AU9746998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-25 ID IDW20000612D patent/ID23897A/id unknown
- 1998-09-25 EP EP98951469A patent/EP1025084A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-25 BR BR9812595-8A patent/BR9812595A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-09-30 CO CO98056932A patent/CO4770994A1/es unknown
- 1998-09-30 TW TW087116216A patent/TW377345B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0033529A1 (de) * | 1980-02-02 | 1981-08-12 | Chemische Werke Hüls Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
EP0262562A2 (de) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-04-06 | Texaco Chemical Company | Verminderung der Verfärbung von Polyaminen durch milde katalytische Hydrierung |
DE19622269A1 (de) * | 1996-06-03 | 1997-12-04 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung von sterisch gehinderten 4-Aminopiperidinen |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2085385A1 (de) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-05 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
EP2085384A1 (de) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-05 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
DE102008040045A1 (de) | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin |
JP2009191067A (ja) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-27 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | 4−アミノ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジンの製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1025084A1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
BR9812595A (pt) | 2000-08-01 |
AU9746998A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
CO4770994A1 (es) | 1999-04-30 |
ID23897A (id) | 2000-05-25 |
JP2001518465A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
HUP0004584A2 (hu) | 2001-04-28 |
SK4262000A3 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
CN1272843A (zh) | 2000-11-08 |
TW377345B (en) | 1999-12-21 |
CA2305282A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 |
KR20010030840A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
NZ503565A (en) | 2001-09-28 |
PL339578A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 |
DE19743433C1 (de) | 1999-04-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2393817B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von 2,6-dioxabicyclo-(3.3.0)-octan-4,8-dion | |
EP0033529B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin | |
DE60304169T2 (de) | Verfahren zur epoxidierung von olefinen | |
WO2018007207A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von sekundären, cycloaliphatischen aminen | |
EP0857719B2 (de) | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Aminopiperidinen | |
EP0816323A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung primärer und/oder sekundärer Amine aus Oxoverbindungen | |
DE19743433C1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reinigung von 4-Amino-piperidinen | |
DE102008040045A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin | |
EP2085385B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin | |
EP0452693B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2,2-disubstituierten Pentan-1,5-diaminen | |
DE10122758B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gemischten, sekundären Aminen | |
EP0906281B1 (de) | Verfahren zur reinigung von sterisch gehinderten 4-amino-piperidinen | |
EP0906280B1 (de) | Sterisch gehindertes 4-amino-piperidin mit geringem dimergehalt, seine herstellung und verwendung | |
EP0535518A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Aminomethylpiperidin | |
EP0422366B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung N-substituierter Pyrrolidin-2-one | |
DE69929808T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von 2-piperidinethanol-derivaten | |
DE2656765A1 (de) | Verfahren zur reduktion von 4-oxopiperidinen zu 4-hydroxypiperidinen | |
DE19806398B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden | |
EP0838456B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin (TAD) über das Zwischenprodukt 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyliden)amino]-piperidin | |
WO1998057914A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von 2-cyclododecyl-1-propanol | |
DE60204473T2 (de) | VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 4-(HYDROXY)-ç1,4-!BIPIPERIDINYL-L-CARBONSÄURE-TERT.-BUTYLESTER | |
MXPA00002989A (en) | Method for purifying 4-amino-piperidines | |
CZ20001042A3 (cs) | Způsob čištění 4-amino-piperidinů | |
DE102004055731A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von quarternären Ammoniumhydroxiden |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 98809761.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AU BG BR BY CA CN CZ GE HU ID IL JP KR KZ LT LV MK MX NO NZ PL RO RU SG SI SK TR UA US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 4262000 Country of ref document: SK Ref document number: PV2000-1042 Country of ref document: CZ |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998951469 Country of ref document: EP Ref document number: 503565 Country of ref document: NZ |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2000/002989 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2305282 Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: 2305282 Country of ref document: CA Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09509790 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020007003498 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: 97469/98 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: PV2000-1042 Country of ref document: CZ |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998951469 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007003498 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWR | Wipo information: refused in national office |
Ref document number: PV2000-1042 Country of ref document: CZ |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1998951469 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1020007003498 Country of ref document: KR |