Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
  • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
  • G05B19/4068—Verifying part programme on screen, by drawing or other means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
  • G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/37—Measurements
  • G05B2219/37492—Store measured value in memory, to be used afterwards

Definitions

• the present invention relates to creation of a measurement program in NC machining and machining management by executing the measurement program.
• an NC program used for actual machining is converted to a measurement program.
• the present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for performing processing management based on a measurement result obtained by executing the generated measurement program.
• such a measurement program is arbitrarily generated irrespective of whether the NC program is being executed or not.
• This measurement program is used not only for the machining but also when executed on another machine. It has versatility that can be used arbitrarily, and if the NC program is modified, it can be re-edited based on this modified program.
• Numerically controlled machine tools can automatically control the operation of machine tools by inputting NC programs.More recently, computer numerical control has been combined with microprocessor technology, power electronics technology, or software technology. It is widely used as a machine tool (CNC machine tool) in various industrial fields.
• NC programs incorporates unique information such as tool indexing commands, spindle speed commands, feed speed commands, movement / interpolation commands, auxiliary function commands, and machining histories, and machining control targets
• Numerical control information suitable for the machine is created as an NC program each time.
• the NC program created in this way is used for various types of machining, but in order to perform high-quality machining, necessary measurements are performed during the final machining product or during each machining process. Accordingly, the modification of the machining control in the subsequent process on the next workpiece or the same workpiece is performed.
• a machining element here is one of a plurality of working elements for the same machining position of a workpiece.
• the work element means a single operation performed by each tool, for example, a single operation such as a drilling operation and a milling operation.
• Machining elements mean that a single machining is completed by combining multiple working elements at the same machining position on the workpiece.For example, in the case of thread hole machining, center hole machining and pilot hole machining, and tapping The three working elements of machining are defined as a machining element.
• a process means a series of all processing operations performed on a machine tool without changing a fixed posture of a work.
• NC machining in recent years tends to make the NC programs used as open and flexible as possible, and even during actual actual machining, correction and editing are often performed in search of the optimal machining method.
• Each program has been modularized or has versatility so that such a flexible change is possible.
• machining programs that are unambiguously determined from conventional manufacturing drawings cannot respond to actual work elements, machining elements, or each stage of the process. There was a problem that it could not be applied to machines.
• NC machining has established a CIM (Computer Integlated Manufacturing) in cooperation with not only a single machine tool but also other machine tools.
• CIM Computer Integlated Manufacturing
• the program had a problem in that it lacked measures such as using it for other machine tools or making the measurement program itself have a learning effect and adapting it to a new machine tool.
• the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to create a measurement program by analyzing an actual machining program, instead of creating a measurement program from a conventional manufacturing drawing. It proposes a new method of process control by reflecting the measurement results using a measurement program in NC machining. Disclosure of the invention
• the present invention analyzes an NC program, extracts a machining shape included in this program at each stage of actual machining as a geometric model, and prepares a measurement program according to the geometric model. It is characterized in that it is created.
• a measurement result can be obtained in real time during machining, and this can be immediately reflected in a subsequent machining process or the next machining. It can be used immediately to modify the machining program itself.
• the present invention when the machining program itself is modified, the measurement program is modified again to the new machining program, and during the actual machining or until the next machining.
• the NC machining program and the measurement program can be executed while always related to each other.
• the present invention provides an NC process in which machining control is performed by an NC program, in which the NC program is analyzed to extract machining shape information at an arbitrary stage for each work element machining, machining element machining, or process machining.
• a division unit that analyzes the NC program and divides the program for each work element machining or each machining element machining, and the divided work element machining
• a machining element extraction and coordinate system conversion unit that extracts machining shape information for each machining element machining
• a geometric model creation unit that forms a three-dimensional coordinate geometric model from the machining shape information
• a measurement path is determined from the geometric model
• a measurement bus generator that generates a measurement program based on the measurement path.
• the present invention is a machining management device that executes the measurement program according to claim 1, wherein the measurement result of the measurement program executed at a stage when at least one of the steps of the NC program is completed is processed. Includes measurement result analysis means used as control information.
• NC machining in which machining control is performed by an NC program, a step of analyzing the NC program and extracting machining shape information at an arbitrary stage for each work element machining, machining element machining or process machining, Forming a geometric model at an arbitrary stage from machining shape information; and generating a measurement program from the geometric model.
• a step of analyzing the NC program and dividing the program for each work element machining or each machining element machining, and the divided work element machining are provided.
• the present invention is a machining management method that executes the measurement program according to claim 4, wherein the measurement program is executed when at least one of the steps of the NC program is completed, and the measurement result is processed. Used as control information. Further, according to the present invention, in the processing management method according to claim 6, a shape model in the step is created based on the measurement result and supplied as processing control information to a subsequent processing step.
• tolerance data is added to the measurement program.
• the present invention provides a computer which analyzes a NC program to extract machining shape information at an arbitrary stage for each work element machining, machining element machining or process machining, and a geometric model at an arbitrary stage from the machining shape information.
• the present invention provides a medium recording a program for causing a computer to execute a procedure using a measurement result of the measurement program according to claim 4 as a processing control method.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a numerical control system incorporating measurement program creation and processing management according to the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a measurement program creation device according to the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a processing shape information extraction unit according to the present invention in the system shown in FIG. 4A, 4B, and 4C are views showing an example of an actual machining NC program used in the embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a material shape used in the present embodiment.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a final processed shape used in the present embodiment.
• FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a tool list used in the present embodiment.
• FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E are diagrams showing a G code expansion list derived from the actual machining NC program in the present embodiment.
• FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a work element, a specification tool, and a program analysis method for a processing element in the present embodiment.
• FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a work element list.
• FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing an example of the definition of the additional pattern in the present embodiment.
• FIG. 12A is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between two coordinate systems mounted on a machine tool.
• FIG. 12B is an explanatory diagram of a relative coordinate system in which the coordinate system of FIG. 12A is associated with an actual machining shape.
• FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the other two coordinate systems on the machine tool.
• FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a coordinate system list.
• FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a geometric element parameter list.
• FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing a list of geometric elements.
• FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a CSG primitive library.
• FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing a relative relationship between CSG primitives.
• FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the geometric element CSG library.
• FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the element measurement path library.
• FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the interference check.
• FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram listing the interference check in FIG. 21.
• FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of a safety zone for determining a measurement path.
• FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram showing a tolerance table for creating a measurement program.
• FIGS. 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E, and 25F are diagrams showing an example of a measurement program created by using the present invention.
• FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing execution of a measurement program and analysis processing of a measurement value according to the present invention.
• FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow of measurement data in FIG.
• FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the measurement result. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
• FIG. 1 shows an overall configuration of a numerically controlled machine tool system to which a measurement program creation method and a process management method according to the present invention are applied.
• the NC program is created by providing the material data and the final part shape.
• the material data includes the material shape and the material.
• the NC program creating means 20 creates a desired NC program by taking into account the previously accumulated know-how data given from various databases to the input material data and final component shape.
• the database includes a work development database 21, a cutting condition database 22, a tool database 23, and a machining history database 24. From these databases, past site know-how, The conditions necessary for actual machining, such as on-site hooks and the specific conditions of the machine tool to be used, are supplied to the NC program creation means 20 as reference data for NC program creation.
• NC program and tool list created as described above are sent to the numerical controller 25, where necessary idle operation, test cuts or simulations are performed, and numerical control is performed through NC program correction and editing (not shown).
• the machine 25 is finally completed as an actual machining NC program used on site.
• the numerical control device 25 includes an NC program execution means 27, a servo control means 28 and an error correction means 29 for driving the machine tool 26, and the NC program, the tool list and the material data are respectively executed by the NC program.
• the NC program executing means 27 performs an interpolation process based on an appropriate feed speed based on the input data while referring to a measurement result described later, and supplies a servo control signal to the servo control means 28 to 26 is a servo control means 28 Output drive signal of 8 This enables the feed drive control to be correctly performed in accordance with the NC program.
• the error correction means 29 is provided to correct an error in the position of the dimension due to a temperature change or the like of the machine tool 26, and an error caused by temperature is obtained by using an output of a measuring instrument provided in the machine tool 26. Etc. can be corrected.
• the machine tool 26 performs desired work element machining, machining element machining, and process machining on the work piece 30 placed on the table in accordance with the NC program. Processing in the first position is completed.
• the measuring machine 31 measures the coordinates of the workpiece 30 according to the measurement program of the measurement control device 32, and the measurement result is measured by the measurement result analysis means 33. Is fed back to the NC program execution means 27 of the numerical control device 25 in the next process via the computer, and if necessary, this measurement result is stored in each of the databases 21, 22, 23, 24. Supplied to As described above, according to the illustrated embodiment, it is possible to perform desired numerical control processing on the workpiece 30 based on the created NC program, and the workpiece 30 is placed in the first posture. After the end of the process machining, the posture is changed, and the machining according to the NC program is continuously performed in the second posture.
• a feature of the present invention is that the measurement program supplied to the measurement control device 32 is created from the actual machining NC program supplied to the numerical control device 25.
• a shape information extracting unit 34, a geometric model forming unit 35, and a measurement program generating unit 36 are provided.
• a tool list and an actual machining program output from the NC program creating means 20 are supplied to the machining shape information extracting section 34. Based on these input data, the NC program is analyzed and each work element machining is performed. Extracts the work shape information at any stage of each processing element processing or process processing. The extracted machining shape information is converted into a three-dimensional geometric element or a geometric model at an arbitrary stage in a geometric model forming unit 35, and a measurement program generating unit 36 for this geometric element or geometric model An optimum measurement program can be generated by selecting a measurement path. As is clear from FIG. 1, the measurement program created in this way is supplied to the measurement control device 32, and the geometric model of the geometric model forming unit 35 is measured.
• the analysis means 33 It is supplied to the analysis means 33, and the measurement list of the measurement program generation unit 36 is also supplied to the measurement result analysis means 33.
• the machining list and the NC program not only the machining list and the NC program but also the material data and the final part shape may be supplied to the machining shape information extracting unit 34. In this case, for example, the movement of the measuring probe is performed. Routes, etc. can be determined more easily and safely.
• the measurement program is always associated with the actual machining program, and it is possible to obtain an optimal measurement program according to the NC program used for actual machining.
• the measurement result is always supplied to the numerical controller 25, and it is possible to perform processing management according to the measurement result.
• Fig. 2 shows the configuration of the numerical control machine tool system described above (Fig. 1) showing the details of the measurement program creation part.
• the measurement is performed using the processing element during the NC processing as a basic unit, and a time when a series of working elements is completed and the processing element is obtained is defined as a measurement timing.
• the actual measurement program uses the completion of the processing element or the process completion as the measurement timing.
• the NC program 40 is supplied to an NC program analysis unit 41 of the machining shape information extraction unit 34, and the NC program analysis unit 41 is configured by separately supplied tool data and the NC program 40.
• the NC program is divided into work elements, and this work element information is supplied to the processing element extraction unit 42.
• the machining element extraction unit 42 extracts and outputs machining elements on the NC program by combining a plurality of work elements.
• the NC program analysis unit 41 supplies the coordinate data in the NC program to the coordinate system conversion unit 43, and converts the coordinate system created for NC machining into a three-dimensional coordinate system for measurement.
• the machining element list and coordinate system list extracted or converted in this way are supplied to the geometric element creating section 44 of the geometric model creating section 35, and the machining elements specified by the NC program 40 are converted into ordinary three-dimensional elements. Converted and output as geometric elements in the coordinate system.
• this geometric element is further combined with a geometric model in the geometric model creation processing unit 45, and this is supplied to the measurement program generation unit 36.
• the conversion to the geometric model is not always necessary, and the geometric element list output from the geometric It is also possible to supply the measurement program generation unit 36 as it is.
• the geometric model 46 created by the geometric model creation processing unit 45 is supplied to the measurement result analysis means 33 as shown in FIG. '
• the measurement program generation unit 36 is supplied with the geometric model or the geometric element list, and also supplied with the probe information 47 and the tolerance information 48 of the measuring device 31 and other necessary information 49.
• a measurement program 50 is generated based on the input information given and supplied to the measurement control device 32 shown in FIG.
• FIG. 2 illustrates the schematic steps for forming the measurement program 50 from the NC program 40 in the present embodiment. The details of each will be described in more detail below.
• FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the NC program analysis unit 41 according to the present invention in the processing shape information extraction unit 34 (FIG. 2) described above.
• the actual machining NC program, material data, and tool list are input, and if necessary, the material data and final machining shape are also input.
• the input data is stored in the storage device 60, the actual machining NC program is analyzed block by block, data is converted by the numerical data conversion unit 61, and the G code expansion list Each data is registered as a G code expansion list in the generation unit 62.
• the basic instructions must be expanded according to the RS-274-D format and registered in the G code expansion list.
• a continuous actual machining program is divided for each work element in the work element division unit 63 while referring to the G code expansion list.
• the program division into each work element machining in the division unit 63 usually includes a sequence number (N number), a tool index (T code), a tool change (M 6), and an optional stop (M 01). It is preferable to perform it with attention.
• such program division into work elements focuses on tool change first, and since a single tool is used during tool change, this can be used as a break in work elements.
• multiple work element machining is performed using the same tool.For example, there are cases where multiple pilot holes are drilled with the same drill. It is preferable to read the trajectory pattern and to surely perform the division for each work element processing.
• 4A, 4B, and 4C show examples of the actual machining NC program used in the present embodiment, and are assigned program numbers of O00001.
• Fig. 5 shows the shape of the material to be machined in the actual machining NC program.
• Fig. 6 shows the final machining shape manufactured from the material shown in Fig. 5 by the actual machining program.
• the material data (including the material) and the final machining shape are supplied to the NC program analysis unit 41 as described above. As is evident from Figure 6, this process involves top milling, side milling, two threaded holes on the front, four chamfered holes on the top and slot grooving of the material. It has been demanded.
• the NC program creation means 20 determines the machining procedure, develops it into work elements, determines the tool to be used for each work element, and further determines the cutting conditions for each tool .
• Fig. 7 shows the tool list used for the program 0000, each tool number is indicated by T code, and each tool data is listed as shown in the figure. It is supplied to the program analysis unit 41.
• the actual machining NC program is stored in the storage device 60, then the numerical data conversion unit 61, and then the G code expansion list generation unit 62 allows the G code to be easily analyzed by the computer. Converted to an expanded list.
• FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, and 8E show a list of the actual machining program 00001 expanded into a G code, and both are linked by line numbers. Contents Substantially identical.
• the actual machining program in the embodiment is classified into nine types of sequence N numbers 1 to 9, and these nine sequences are classified as operations using different tools. Needless to say, in the present invention, even if the same tool is used, those that machine different machining positions of the material are recognized as different work elements, and as described above, the program is determined from the machining path pattern of the tool. Divided into work elements. However, in order to simplify the explanation, the processing condition extraction for each work element processing will be exemplified by dividing into the nine sequence numbers (N).
• T1 is commanded at line number 4 and M6 (tool change) is performed at line number 5, machining is performed with tool T1 from line number 7 until the next M6 (tool change) is commanded.
• a group of programs is shown as a sequence number N1, but in an actual actual machining NC program, such a sequence number has no meaning for a machine tool. It is clear. It is understood from the T code 1 in the tool list shown in FIG. 7 that the tool T1 is a face mill having a diameter of 10 Omm.
• the line number 7 designates the work coordinate system G54.
• the coordinate system G54 indicates the upper surface of the final machining shape shown in FIG. Defined as process processing.
• the cutting feed is started at the line number 10 for the first time, and the cutting surface is the coordinate of Z0.1 (line number 9).
• the descending point of the face mill is set to (16, 50) by the line number 7 to the X and Y coordinates.
• Line numbers 10 to 13 show that the Z coordinate is the same and the movement axis moves alternately in X, Y, X, and ⁇ , and such a tool path pattern is stored in the pattern definition storage unit 64.
• FIG. 9 shows an example of a pattern definition of a work element, a tool to be used, and a program analysis method for a work element.
• the work element processing is certified using such a pattern definition.
• FIG. 10 shows an example of the work element list.
• work elements are supplied to the processing element extraction unit 42 and the coordinate system conversion unit 43.
• the work elements shown in FIG. 10 are merely examples, and such a relatively large work element
• line numbers 10 and 11 and line numbers 15 and 16 and 17 have the same trajectory, except for the Z coordinate. Since there is no work element of the tool, it can be determined that the line numbers 15, 16, and 17 are finishing.
• line numbers 19 to 30 indicate the work coordinate system G55, that is, in this embodiment, the coordinate system for the front machining of the final machining shape shown in FIG. Is determined as the second step.
• Line numbers 2 2, 2, 3, 24 and line numbers 27, 28, 29 have the same locus except for the Z point, and the Z coordinate is a difference of 0.1. 2, 23, 24 are determined as roughing, and row numbers 27, 28, 29 are determined as finishing. Furthermore, since the cutting area covers the entire work, it is determined to be a surface processing element.
• the spindle tool becomes T2 from line number 3 1 and shifts to the N2 work element.
• T2 is recognized from the tool list in FIG. 7 as a center drill with a diameter of 3 mm, and as a result, the working element of N2 is determined to be a hole drilling element. Two work elements in the process are extracted.
• Line number 47 changes the spindle tool to T3 and shifts to N3 working element.
• Tool T 3 is recognized as a drill with a diameter of 2 O mm from the tool list, and the work element of N 3 is determined to be a drilling element, and the following five work elements are extracted.
• the main spindle tool is T4, and since it is a drill with a diameter of 3 Om m, the work element of N4 is determined to be a drilling element, and the following four work elements are extracted.
• Line number 68 changes the spindle tool to T5, a 25 mm diameter end mill.
• step 1 (G54) coordinate 3 (30, 0) by line number 71 to line number 74.
• Line numbers 75 to 81 move on the same plane, and the coordinates of row number 75 (-50,0) and the coordinates of line number 80 (150,0) are Since the coordinates are the same, it can be determined that the locus is closed.
• line numbers 5 to 8 ⁇ are determined to be inside the trajectory because the line number 75 has been corrected to the left of G41 at line number 75. Then, a trajectory shifted inward by the tool radius at G41 with respect to the trajectory is provided, and a trajectory shifted by the tool radius with respect to the trajectory is obtained.
• Movement at line number 75 is judged as approach, and movement at line number 81 is judged as escape.
• the approach amount and the relief amount are stored in the pocket processing element pattern list in FIG.
• line number 82 it moves above the work surface, and at line number 83, it is positioned at the coordinates (40, 0) of the second step (G55).
• Line numbers 86 to 8 8 move on the same plane, line number 87 moves the trajectory of one circumference, and as before, line number 86 changes G 41 left side correction to that trajectory as before Is determined to be inside the trajectory.
• the trajectory shifted inward by the tool radius is determined by G41, and the trajectory further shifted by the tool radius is determined. However, in this case, the trajectory disappears in the judgment 1 and, as a result, it is judged that the inner side is not left uncut, and is judged as a pocket machining element.
• line numbers 93 to 95 are also determined to be pocketing elements.
• the center coordinates of this pocket machining element are pre-machined by the working elements of sequence N2 and N4, since the shape of this pocket is a circle, it is finally determined that it is a hole machining element. Is determined.
• the work element can be recognized by using the machining pattern definition also for the sequence N5.
• Line number 97 changes the spindle tool to T6, and an end mill with a diameter of 25 mm is used.
• the movement from the line number 105 to the line number 108 is on the same plane, and since the coordinates of the line number 105 and the line number 108 are the same, it can be determined that the shape is closed. Also, this locus is compared with the tool system in judgment 1. As a result, if it is found that there is no uncut portion inside, this can be determined as a pocket processing element. And the trajectory is the gauge of sequence N5. Since it is the same as the trace, it is determined that it is finish machining, and it can be determined that machining of work element 1 in sequence N5 is rough machining. Then, the points from line number 105 to line number 108 are determined as the finished shape.
• Line number 1 1 1 changes the spindle tool to T7, which is recognized as a drill with a diameter of 8.2 mm. Therefore, sequence N7 is determined to be a drilling element, and the following work elements are extracted.
• Line number 1 19 indicates that the spindle tool is T8 and is a 25 mm diameter chamfer tool. From line No. 124 to line No. 128 The work element of N8 is determined to be a drilling element because it is fixed in the drilling and fixing cycle of G81 until the Z axis rises.
• the spindle tool becomes T9 and is replaced with M10 tap. Therefore, the working element in sequence N7 is determined to be a drilling element.
• Coordinate 2 (-40.000,0.000) As described above, the actual machining program is sequentially analyzed and divided into each work element.
• the NC program is divided for each work element, but the results of analysis of several work elements from the actual machining NC programs in Figs. 4A, 4B, and 4C can be summarized as follows.
• each work element can be divided and analyzed using the NC program 40.
• the work elements divided and analyzed as described above are converted into a work element list in the work element extraction unit 42.
• the work of accumulation is performed on the work elements according to the processing position and the type of tool, and the relationship between the work elements can be understood from the processing order of the program.
• the center one work element and the hole element do not need to consider the center one work element for the machining element because of their positional relationship.
• Coordinate transformation-Even if the machining element list is obtained as described above, it cannot be used as it is in the measurement program.
• the machining coordinate system is related to the posture of the workpiece fixed on the pallet.
• the machining shape shown in Fig. 6 actually corresponds to Fig. 1 on the pallet of the machine tool.
• the top surface machining is shown as coordinate G54
• the front surface machining is shown as coordinate G55.
• G54 and G55 are machined by changing the posture on the pallet or by changing the posture of the reference plane of the tool. It is different from the coordinate plane in the actual machining shape shown in 12B.
• the upper surface and the front surface of the processing shape shown in FIG. 6 are on the same pallet and are processed in the same process. However, this is for the convenience of processing, and differs from the geometric positional relationship between the upper surface and the front surface in the actual shape shown in FIG. 12B.
• the coordinates of the upper surface are based on the coordinate system G54
• the coordinates of the front surface are based on the coordinate system G55.
• the coordinate system G5 is simply translated from the coordinate system G54 in the XYZ directions
• the coordinate systems G54 and G55 of the actual machining shape are XYZ as shown in Fig. 12B.
• the translation and rotation of the direction are performed. This can be expressed as follows using a matrix. (Hereinafter the margin)
• the coordinate system conversion unit 43 converts the NC program machining coordinates and actual shape coordinates by the coordinate system conversion, and supplies this to the geometric element generation unit 44 of the geometric model generation unit 35. ing.
• a coordinate system 51 from a machine tool is input to a coordinate system conversion unit 43.
• a coordinate system conversion unit 43 For example, depending on a machining program, when a process is changed, the work position on the pallet is changed. It is effective when the value becomes indefinite. In such a case, it is possible to input the coordinate system from the machine tool and perform the effective coordinate conversion according to the machining shape.
• the measuring device can determine how the coordinate system, for example, G54, which is the reference system of either of the coordinate systems G54 and G55 shown in FIG. Since there is no such a method, the position of the coordinate system G54 can be known by measuring the geometrical elements necessary for obtaining the reference coordinates G54 by using a conventional creation program for creating a measurement program. In this way, the relative relationship between the coordinate system (mechanical system) of the measuring device itself and the coordinate system G54 is stored.
• the probe can be moved based on this coordinate system, and such data is stored in the measurement program in the actual measurement work. Can be supplied.
• the equation for coordinate conversion in such a measuring instrument is shown below.
• the G55 coordinate system can be easily obtained from the reference coordinate system G54.
• Fig. 14 shows the relative relationship between each coordinate system.
• the coordinate system G55 stores the relative position with respect to the reference coordinate system G54 as coordinate parameters.
• the system G54 can be easily known by inputting the parameters obtained by using the mathematical formula 3 by the operation with the mechanical system when installed in the measuring machine.
• the measuring machine places the component at a fixed position using a fixture, measures the coordinate system G54, which is the reference, only once, stores it, and individually stores G for each shape.
• the operation of measuring 54 is omitted.
• Figure 15 shows an example of a geometric element parameter list, where faced holes, stepped holes, stepped screw holes, slots, circular slots, etc. are the dimensions and center of the partially illustrated shape.
• the parameter list of geometric elements in the machining shape, indicated as the coordinate values of point P, is thus created.
• Each of these geometric elements is stored as a list of geometric elements as shown in FIG. 16 in association with the coordinate system, G54 and G55 according to the embodiment. Can be accurately indicated.
• the geometric model creation processing unit 45 can represent the geometric element list by using, for example, a CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) primitive library which can be easily processed by a computer.
• a CSG primitive library An example of such a CGS primitive library is shown in FIG. 17, and each of these primitives is represented by the operators shown in FIG. Can be expressed as FIG. 19 shows an example in which geometric elements are represented by the CSG library. For example, a hole with a surface can be represented by two cones and one cylinder.
• the primitives that make up the geometric model consist of simple three-dimensional objects such as blocks (cuboids), spheres, cylinders, cones, pyramids, etc.
• the resulting shape can be sufficiently expressed with primitives of this magnitude. That is, some of the primitives are connected to each other using the operators shown in FIG. 18 to form necessary geometric element models. Said operator
• the geometric element list output from the geometric element creation unit 44 or the geometric model output from the geometric model creation processing unit 45 has the shape of each processing element or process and the geometric element to be added as data in order.
• the parameters of each geometric element are also extracted, and there is data on which coordinate system belongs.
• the measurement program generator 36 first determines the measurement path. For this purpose, the measurement path near each geometric element is determined with reference to the measurement path library shown in FIG.
• FIG. 22 shows such an interference section as a list.
• determining the measurement path refer to the interference list in FIG. 22 and, if interference occurs, determine the measurement point concerned. It is preferable to add measurement points between the remaining measurement points after the elimination.
• the first is to express the movement trajectory of the probe with geometric elements, check for interference between this and the machining shape, and select a measurement path without interference.
• a safety zone is set around the shape as shown in Fig. 23, and the map is always returned to the safety zone when the measurement of each geometric element is completed. It is.
• Fig. 23 for example, when moving the probe from the hole 4 CR on the top surface to the hole 51 CR on the side surface, if the probe moves linearly, it will collide with the workpiece, so it always returns to the safety zone and moves on this safety zone.
• the measurement program generation unit 36 generates the probe information 47, the tolerance information 48, and other information 49 as necessary, as shown in FIG.
• the necessary measurement program 50 is created.
• An example of the tolerance information 48 is shown in FIG.
• the hole tolerance and the dimensional tolerance can be reflected in the measurement program.
• a collation command a command that compares the nominal value with the measured value
• the tolerance of the geometric element is automatically determined from the general tolerance, and the collation command is determined using the tolerance determined in this way. It is also possible. Necessary information other than the tolerance information includes the following.
• the above information is not included in the NC program itself used in the present invention, it is normally input by an operator in advance, but for a measuring instrument, for example, its initial value is set. You do not need to enter it. Also, the desired value is If they are different, it is possible to easily input only by selecting a template by creating a template containing the prepared initial values.
• the measurement program 50 can be easily created by analyzing the NC program 40.
• Figures 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25E, 25F show examples of measurement programs created by the measurement program creation method of the present embodiment.
• the programs of the processing shape information extraction unit 34, the geometric model creation unit 35, and the measurement program generation unit 36 shown in FIG. 1 can be configured as a medium storing the respective procedures.
• the medium can be supplied in the form of a floppy disk, CD_ROM, hard disk, ROM or the like.
• the present invention is characterized in that the measurement program is formed from the NC program as described above, and a measurement program closely related to the actual machining can be obtained. While measuring the machining shape of the machine, this can be used to further control the machining of the machine tool, further strengthening the relevance to the NC machining program.
• FIG. 26 shows a state in which the measurement control device 32 controls the measurement device 31 using the measurement program 50.
• the measurement control device 32 instructs the probe of the measuring device 31 a measurement path defined by a predetermined measurement program, and the probe automatically measures a machining shape at an arbitrary stage. Then, the measurement value is sent from the measurement control device 32 to the measurement data collection unit 70 as measurement data, where desired header information is added thereto and stored in the data base 71.
• the measurement result analysis means 33 includes a process analyzer 72 together with the measurement data collection unit 70 and the accumulation database 71, and the analysis value of the measurement result is fed back to the machine tool 26, and the measurement result is transmitted to a subsequent machining process. Can be reflected.
• FIG. 27 shows the flow of the measurement results in each step.
• the measurement work is performed for each of the selected steps, and the obtained measurement data is immediately processed. Diagnosis is made by the analyzer 72, and the results are fed back to the processing management of the next process or all processes as necessary. Returning to FIG. 26, a more detailed description will be given.
• the measurement control device 32 When a result outside the tolerance is obtained from the measurement result of the measuring machine 31 or when the measured value is in the danger range, the measurement control device 32 immediately sends this to the machine tool 26 as error measurement data. Notify and give instructions such as suspension of processing or change of cutting amount in post-processing.
• the measurement control unit 32 sends ordinary measurement data to the measurement data collection unit 70, and the following header information is added to the measurement data.
• the process analyzer 72 performs statistics, analysis, and diagnosis using the measurement data stored in the database 71, and displays the X bar R bar diagram X bar S diagram or trend Create a control chart such as, and instruct the result to the machine tool 26.
• Fig. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between the measured value and the nominal value. If the measured value exceeds the upper limit or the lower limit, it is immediately sent to the machine tool 26 as a dangerous range outside the tolerance. Although it is instructed, those that are close to the tolerance limits are also considered as danger areas, and the check in the previous step or the notification to the subsequent process is performed.
• the present invention it is possible to easily obtain a measurement result in real time during machining, so that it is immediately instructed to a subsequent process, and the measurement result can be easily obtained based on a tool feed amount in a subsequent process. Can be reflected.
• the management data obtained from the process analyzer 62 described above is analyzed by diagnostic programs such as FMEA (Fairer mode and effect analysis) and FTA (Fararii-analysis), which are well known in the art. It is possible to improve the accuracy by learning the modification and change of the measurement program sequentially.
• diagnostic programs such as FMEA (Fairer mode and effect analysis) and FTA (Fararii-analysis), which are well known in the art. It is possible to improve the accuracy by learning the modification and change of the measurement program sequentially.
• data on the spindle power from the motion dynamics of the machine tool 26 is collected in time series, and this data is collected using FFT (fast Fourier transform) or other hardware. By analyzing the spectrum, the harmonic components of the waveform can be quantified and their variances calculated.At this time, the tool's sharpness, tool wear, It is also possible to make judgments such as improper product installation and mechanical errors. These judgments are preferably incorporated into a diagnostic program such as the above-mentioned FTA of the process analyzer.
• the state information of the machine tool 26 is supplied to the database 71, and the database 71 further includes an error database 73 and an error factor database.
• Various error or error factor diagnosis program data from 74 are supplied, and using these, the process analyzer 72 uses not only the analysis information described above but also each element of the form, that is, dimensions, shape, posture, and position.
• the roughness can be supplied to the machine tool 26 as data. Therefore, the machine tool 26 can optimally perform the machining control in the next process based on these management data.
• the database of the database 74 and the program of the measurement control device 32 can store these procedures in a medium, and the medium can be supplied in the form of a floppy disk, CD-ROM, hard disk, ROM, or the like. Can be.
• a measurement program in NC machining, can be created directly from an actual machining NC program, and optimal and detailed measurement results can be easily obtained in any machining stage. It becomes possible.
• the measurement program according to the present invention can be created regardless of the size of the NC program without the need for complicated automatic programming as in the past, and the measurement program always corresponds to the actual machining NC program. If one of them is modified, it can be reflected in the other, and it is possible to support the machining management of the machine tool in relation to both the machining program and the measurement program. Becomes
• the measurement program according to the present invention can function not only for machine tools to which the NC machining program is applied, but also for other machine tools, and each measurement program can include a work element, a machining element, or a process. Since it is constructed as a set of modularized measurement programs at any stage for either of these, an extremely versatile measurement program can be created. In addition, these measurement programs can always incorporate the know-how necessary for measurement in the latest state, and can be applied to other machine tools while retaining the know-how incorporated in this way. It has the advantage of not only excellence, but also wide expandability.
• the measurement result of the execution of the measurement program according to the present invention can always be reflected at the later stage or earlier stage of the machining process, and it is possible to provide extremely excellent measured values as machining management data.

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• 1996
  • 1996-11-07 DE DE69627198T patent/DE69627198T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 JP JP52120298A patent/JP3687980B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-11-07 WO PCT/JP1996/003265 patent/WO1998019821A1/ja active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-11-07 EP EP96937524A patent/EP0879674B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-07 US US09/101,196 patent/US6400998B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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