WO1997039854A1 - Procede et dispositif pour l'usinage guide manuellement de pieces par application de rayons, en particulier de rayons laser. - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour l'usinage guide manuellement de pieces par application de rayons, en particulier de rayons laser. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997039854A1
WO1997039854A1 PCT/DE1997/000652 DE9700652W WO9739854A1 WO 1997039854 A1 WO1997039854 A1 WO 1997039854A1 DE 9700652 W DE9700652 W DE 9700652W WO 9739854 A1 WO9739854 A1 WO 9739854A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
spacer
radiation
workpiece
irradiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1997/000652
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Winfried Barkhausen
Edwin BÜCHTER
Holger SCHLÜTER
Hartmut Zefferer
Konrad Wissenbach
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO1997039854A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997039854A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1436—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for pressure control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1437—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for flow rate control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hand-operated machining of workpieces by means of irradiation, in particular by means of laser radiation, in which a beam delivery head connected to a radiation source, which supplies radiation and is variable in distance, is placed on the workpiece with a spacer, and in the case of the gas the processing point is directed from which gas is discharged.
  • a method with the aforementioned features is known from DE 29 43 107 C2.
  • the jet delivery head is supported on the workpiece by means of a spacing frame and is at a distance from the latter.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a method with the aforementioned method steps so that the security against unintentional radiation is improved, also in connection with avoiding pollution of the environment by evaporation and conversion products of the processed Werk ⁇ pieces.
  • This object is achieved in that pressure and / or flow parameters of the gas flow are measured with the spacer sealingly placed on the workpiece, and that an automatic reduction or increase in the irradiation is carried out with predetermined parameters and / or predetermined parameter changes.
  • the measurement of pressure and / or flow characteristics of the gas flow enables a very reliable assessment of whether the method is carried out properly. Because when the spacer is placed on the workpiece, the pressure and / or flow characteristics of the gas flow as a result of the seal between the spacer and the workpiece are determined exclusively by the device with which the method is carried out. The characteristics of the gas flow caused by this device are known. Deviations in the parameters can therefore only come about because the seal does not work because the spacer is not placed on the workpiece. As a result, in the event of deviations from the parameters, a self- the machining process is actively influenced, namely in the sense of reducing or switching off the radiation, for example if the pressure suddenly drops. Conversely, a suddenly higher pressure can be seen as a sign that the radiation is switched on again because the spacer is placed on the workpiece in a sealed manner. It is then an automatic switch-on option.
  • the method can be carried out, for example, without a distance measuring device, which detects whether an object that could be damaged is unexpectedly located at a predetermined distance in front of the spacer. Furthermore, it is not necessary to perform a forced two-hand operation in order to prevent the operator from interfering with the laser radiation with one hand. Furthermore, it is not necessary to install a motion detector which can be arranged in a mobile manner and which switches off the laser when a person approaches the processing area.
  • the method can also be used in conjunction with other blasting methods, in which high safety requirements are imposed and a hazard or damage to people or objects is to be avoided, for example a hazard from exhaust gases.
  • a hazard from exhaust gases for example, electrical erosion is mentioned, whose erosion sparks are dangerous and whose exhaust gases can be harmful to the environment.
  • Inadvertent radiation can advantageously also be prevented if the spacer is properly seated on the workpiece and the radiation is but is oscillated through an outlet slot beyond the edge of the workpiece.
  • the spacer of US Pat. No. 3,622,743 would keep the laser radiation switched on, which, however, passes laterally past the workpiece into the free space and is dangerous here.
  • the laser radiation is switched off because the spacer projects with a part of its cross-section beyond the edge of the workpiece and thus a leak occurs which causes the pressure of the gas flow to drop rapidly, which leads to the said switching off of the laser radiation leads.
  • the method can be carried out in such a way that the radiation source is switched and / or the exit of the radiation from the beam delivery head is prevented or released.
  • the switching of the radiation source means switching off or switching on e.g. of a laser. Such switching off or on is not necessary, however, provided that the radiation can otherwise be rendered ineffective, for example by completely or partially closing a shutter in the beam path, preferably in an area in which a low intensity of the radiation and / or cooling of the displayed element is possible.
  • the gas is discharged by gas extraction.
  • the gas extraction ensures that all design-related spaces of the jet delivery head are extracted. It is excluded that gas is undesirably pushed into such rooms or into the open due to any leaks. An undesirable distribution of harmful gases and the risk that cannot be excluded as a result are avoided.
  • the invention further relates to a device for hand-operated machining of workpieces by means of radiation, in particular laser radiation, with a beam delivery head connected to a radiation source in a radiation-guiding and variable-distance manner and which has a nozzle-like spacer which can be placed on the workpiece, with a Gas leading to the processing point gas supply, and with a gas discharge from the processing point gas discharge line (DE 29 43 107 AI).
  • a beam delivery head connected to a radiation source in a radiation-guiding and variable-distance manner and which has a nozzle-like spacer which can be placed on the workpiece, with a Gas leading to the processing point gas supply, and with a gas discharge from the processing point gas discharge line (DE 29 43 107 AI).
  • the spacer is designed like a nozzle and has sealing means on the workpiece side, and in that a sensor that detects pressure and / or flow parameters is connected to an evaluation unit with which, given predetermined parameters and / or predetermined parameter changes, one automatic reduction or increase in radiation can be carried out.
  • the sealing means of the spacer have the effect that the pressure and / or flow characteristics of the gas flow are determined exclusively by the construction of the jet delivery head and by the gas lines connected to it. Any deviating characteristic or change in characteristic can be attributed in the above-described manner to a leak in the seal and thus to the fact that the beam delivery head is not completely in contact with the workpiece, so that a safety circuit is consequently carried out.
  • the reduction in radiation can be carried out completely or partially in the manner described above. The same applies to the increase in radiation in the event that the parameters reach the predetermined values because the processing point is completely sealed again with the sealing means.
  • the device is designed in a structurally simple manner so that the spacer for Radiation is provided with a tip sealingly adapted to the workpiece surface.
  • the device is primarily intended for the use of large-area workpieces, it can be designed such that the tip of the spacer is a flat disc radially surrounding its outlet opening.
  • the washer in particular an annular washer, a narrow radial slit, which is possibly formed by material unevenness, is produced, which results in a good sealing effect.
  • Special sealing means which go beyond this can then be dispensed with, for example specially shaped seals which can be susceptible to wear in rough operation.
  • the gas flow from the focusing optics to the processing point ensures that a gas flow, which is directed essentially parallel to the laser radiation, arises within the nozzle or within the spacer, which protects the focusing optics , for example fumes fogging against the focusing optics, which impair the passage of light of the laser radiation.
  • the device can also be designed such that the gas inlet and outlet are connected to a cavity of a double-walled spacer surrounding the interior.
  • the double-walled spacer can be designed, for example, as a conventional gas supply nozzle, which is known per se, the double wall or the cavity located between the two walls being used for gas supply and discharge.
  • the device is expediently designed such that the cavity of a double-walled spacer is divided vertically into a gas space connected to the gas supply line and into a gas space connected to the gas discharge line up to the vicinity of the tip of the spacer.
  • the gas flow is guided completely into the area of the tip of the spacer and then diverted. The amount of gas can therefore be kept comparatively small.
  • the outlet opening of the spacer is a slot and that the gas spaces extend at least over the entire length of the slot.
  • the configuration of the outlet opening as a slot makes it possible to use laser radiation with beam spots which process in accordance with the slot length, that is to say either have a beam spot which is long as the slot length or have a shorter beam spot which is scanned in comparison. The processing power is increased according to the slot length.
  • the device is designed such that the sensor is arranged in the gas supply line or in the gas discharge line.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device with a spacer with gas lines attached to a workpiece
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation corresponding to FIG. 1, in which the spacer is from the
  • FIG. 3 is arranged a small distance away from the workpiece, FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic illustration for explaining the method with the devices of FIG 4a, 4b are schematic representations of devices according to the invention with different arrangements of functional parts.
  • laser radiation 1 is used, which is focused with a focusing lens 2 onto a processing point 4 of the workpiece 5.
  • the focusing optics is part of a beam delivery head, generally designated 21, which can be moved by hand on the workpiece surface 5 ', for example by means of a handle, not shown.
  • An essential component of the beam delivery head 21 is a nozzle-like spacer 22 which is coaxial with the laser radiation 1 and which is designed with double walls.
  • An outer wall 28 forms a cavity 6, 9 with an inner wall 27.
  • the outer wall 28 tapers conically towards the workpiece 5 and forms a tip 22 'with an outlet opening 23.
  • the inner wall 27 is also tapered and encloses the focused area of the laser radiation 1.
  • the inner wall 27 is somewhat shorter than the outer wall 28 , so that an outlet opening 29 formed by it is at a distance above the outlet opening 23.
  • the cavity 6, 9 of the double-walled spacer 22 is divided into separate gas spaces 6 and -9.
  • a gas feed line 25 is connected to the gas space 9, through which gas 10 is fed.
  • a gas discharge line 26 is connected to the gas space 6, through which gas is discharged.
  • the gas discharge line 26 is connected to a suction device 8, which causes the gas flow 7. This feeds from the gas space 6 and the gas space 9, into which gas 10 flows through the gas space 9 and in the area between the outlet openings 23, 29 around the workpiece-side end 27 'of the conical inner wall 27 in the direction of the arrow into the gas space 6.
  • a prerequisite for this flow is that the tip 22 'of the spacer 22 is closely adjacent to the workpiece 5. This prevents the suction device from sucking in air.
  • secondary air is prevented because the tip 22 'is provided in a special way with sealing means 11, for example an annular sealing disk which radially surrounds the outlet opening 23 of the spacer 22.
  • the sealing means 11 can also be a simple, flat ring be disc 24 which is integral with the outer wall 28 of the spacer 22 and extends in the same way radially around the outlet opening 23. In all sealing cases it must be ensured that the proportion of the secondary air is practically without influence on the flow conditions of the gas flow.
  • a sensor 12 is installed in the gas flow path, specifically in the gas feed line 25.
  • the sensor 12 measures characteristic values that characterize the gas flow, namely pressure and / or flow characteristics. Accordingly, it reports to an evaluation unit 13 which is operatively connected to a beam shutoff 14.
  • the beam shutoff 14 makes it possible to prevent laser radiation 1 from emerging from the outlet opening 23 when the sensor 12 reports non-predetermined parameters or changes in parameters.
  • FIGS. 2, 3. 2 explains that the spacer 22 is arranged to be lifted off the workpiece 5. As a result, a gap 30 is formed between the annular disk 24 or the tip 22 'of the spacer 22 and the workpiece 5, through which secondary air 18 is sucked in. This secondary air 18 and a portion of gas supplied from the gas space 9 form the gas flow 7, which is caused by the suction device 8. As a result of the secondary air 18, the proportion of gas 10 in the gas flow 7 is lower than would be the case if the spacer 22 was placed on the workpiece 5 in a sealed manner, as shown in FIG. While the gas 10 in a processing operation according to FIG. 1 has the pressure 16 illustrated in FIG.
  • the sensor 12 sends signals to the evaluation unit 13. If these signals are evaluated in such a way that the predetermined parameters are present, the evaluation unit 13 sends a corresponding signal to the beam cutoff 14 in such a way that it is inactive and consequently the 1 can act on the workpiece 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows a switch-on command 17 for the release of the laser radiation 1 by the beam switch-off 14 and a switch-off command 20 for interrupting the laser radiation 1 by the beam switch-off 14.
  • the limit value 31 of the pressure is also indicated in FIG. 3, when it is exceeded the laser radiation 1 is switched off. This switch-off takes place automatically as a function of the ongoing measurement with the sensor 12.
  • FIG. 4 a shows an embodiment of the device in which the gas feed line 25 is not connected to the gas space 9, but to the interior 3 of the spacer 22 near the photo kissing optics 2.
  • a gas flow 32 results from the proximity of the focusing optics 2 through the outlet opening 29 of the inner wall 27 into the gas space 6.
  • the gas optics 32 shields the focusing optics 2, for example against fogging by evaporated material of the workpiece 5.
  • a feed line 33 to the cavity 9 is either blocked or charged with a gas of a different composition, for example with an inert gas.
  • a seal between the spacer 22 and the workpiece 5 ensures that only defined gas flows are present.
  • Corresponding measurements with the sensor 12 are possible which, as in the case of FIG. 1, enable automatic reductions or increases in the radiation, in particular switching off and on.
  • FIG. 4b shows an arrangement of the sensor 12 in the gas discharge line 26 in front of the suction device 8. This arrangement is particularly suitable if the mode of operation of the suction device 8 is changed. As a result of the small distance between the suction device 8 and the sensor 12, only short operating changeover times need to be taken into account. Changes in the mode of operation are necessary, for example, if, for processing reasons, changes to the gas flow quantities have to be made repeatedly or continuously.
  • the devices described above and the methods carried out with these for the manual processing of workpieces 5 are e.g. used for derusting components of all kinds, such as bridges, steel girders, boilers or the like. , also when descaling welds, when stripping paint of all kinds of components, in particular body, aircraft, ship and wooden parts, when cleaning, oiling or degreasing components of all kinds, when cleaning facades, when cleaning injection molding or Vulcanizing molds, when releasing pressure rollers, etc. In all cases, the required security against radiation damage is achieved, ie without endangering or damaging the operator, other people in the vicinity or objects.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'usinage, guidé manuellement, de pièces (5) par application de rayons, en particulier de rayons laser (1), selon lequel une tête d'émission de rayons (21), reliée, de façon à conduire les rayons et avec un espacement pouvant être modifié, à une source de rayons, est posée sur la pièce a usiner (5) au moyen d'un dispositif de maintien à distance (22), et selon lequel du gaz (10) est dirigé sur le point d'usinage (4), point à partir duquel le gaz est évacué. Pour améliorer la sécurité du procédé, des grandeurs caractéristiques de pression et/ou d'écoulement du flux gazeux sont mesurées lorsque le dispositif de maintien à distance (22) est placé, de façon étanche, sur la pièce à usiner (5), et lors de l'obtention de grandeurs caractéristiques prédéterminées et/ou de modifications de grandeurs caractéristiques prédéterminées, une réduction ou une augmentation automatique de l'irradiation est exécutée.
PCT/DE1997/000652 1996-04-20 1997-03-29 Procede et dispositif pour l'usinage guide manuellement de pieces par application de rayons, en particulier de rayons laser. WO1997039854A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19615633A DE19615633C1 (de) 1996-04-20 1996-04-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum handgeführten Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mittels Bestrahlung, insbesondere mittels Laserstrahlung
DE19615633.5 1996-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997039854A1 true WO1997039854A1 (fr) 1997-10-30

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DE (1) DE19615633C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997039854A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19839482C2 (de) * 1998-08-29 2002-09-19 Sam Saechsische Anlagen Und Ma Frei führbarer Einhandbearbeitungskopf für die Materialbearbeitung mittels Hochleistungsdiodenlaser über 500 W Leistung
EP3427887A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 mobil-mark GmbH Appareil d'usinage laser destiné à usiner une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'un faisceau laser

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DE19643164C2 (de) * 1996-10-18 1998-09-24 Lctec Laser Und Computertechni Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum abtragenden Bearbeiten von Werkstücken mit einem Laserstrahl
DE19749981A1 (de) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-20 Laser & Med Tech Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abtragung von Oberflächenverunreinigungen von metallischen, mineralischen, organischen Untergründen durch Einsatz eines Lasers
DE10017845C1 (de) * 2000-04-11 2002-01-03 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Schweißdüsenanordnung und damit betriebenes Schweißverfahren
DE10062336A1 (de) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-20 Techtrade Gmbh Anlage zur Laserbearbeitung von Werkstückoberflächen mit einer Absaugung des bei der Bearbeitung anfallenden Abbrandes
DE10126032C1 (de) * 2001-05-28 2002-07-25 Matthias Busch Vorrichtung zur Laserbearbeitung
DE10126034C1 (de) * 2001-05-28 2002-12-05 Matthias Busch Handgeführte Vorrichtung zur Laserbearbeitung
DE10225347B4 (de) * 2001-06-14 2006-05-24 Mobillasertec Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Laserbearbeitung
DE10235617B4 (de) * 2001-09-11 2006-06-14 Matthias Busch Vorrichtung zur Laserbearbeitung
DE102006047794A1 (de) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 Mobil-Mark Gmbh Laseranordnung zur Bearbeitung der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks
DE202011110493U1 (de) 2011-02-11 2014-05-19 Christian Hennigs Vorrichtung als Rettungsgerät zum Trennen von Strukturen
DE102011001322A1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Ipg Laser Gmbh Maschine und Verfahren zur Materialbearbeitung von Werkstücken mit einem Laserstrahl
DE102012106649A1 (de) 2012-07-23 2014-01-23 SET Scientific and Efficient Technologies Ltd. Handführbare Vorrichtung mit einem Laserkopf
MX369363B (es) * 2012-10-19 2019-11-06 Ipg Photonics Corp Pistola de soldadura laser maniobrable manualmente.
DE102016121911A1 (de) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 Mobil-Mark Gmbh Laserbearbeitungsgerät
DE102017220162A1 (de) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Bearbeitungskopf
CN110919178A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2020-03-27 南京航空航天大学 一种用于蒙皮-桁条t型结构双激光束双侧同步焊接的保护气喷嘴装置

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DE4331262A1 (de) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-16 Wissner Rolf Lasermaschine zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Lasermaschine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19839482C2 (de) * 1998-08-29 2002-09-19 Sam Saechsische Anlagen Und Ma Frei führbarer Einhandbearbeitungskopf für die Materialbearbeitung mittels Hochleistungsdiodenlaser über 500 W Leistung
EP3427887A1 (fr) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 mobil-mark GmbH Appareil d'usinage laser destiné à usiner une surface d'une pièce à usiner à l'aide d'un faisceau laser

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