WO1997033331A1 - Pile a combustible a humidification interne - Google Patents

Pile a combustible a humidification interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997033331A1
WO1997033331A1 PCT/DE1997/000291 DE9700291W WO9733331A1 WO 1997033331 A1 WO1997033331 A1 WO 1997033331A1 DE 9700291 W DE9700291 W DE 9700291W WO 9733331 A1 WO9733331 A1 WO 9733331A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
medium
channels
cell
structural
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1997/000291
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Rummel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1997033331A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997033331A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, each of which comprises a supply and disposal channel for the media, a membrane electrode unit and two media-carrying elements with structural embossing.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a construction of a fuel cell which ensures uniform moistening of the entire active cell area without an external humidifier and which is simple with reduced material expenditure and as compact as possible
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, each comprising a supply and a disposal channel for the media, a membrane electrode unit and two media-carrying elements with structural embossing, the medium enriched with the reaction product being so by means of at least one structural embossing is passed over the cell that uniform moistening of the cell results.
  • the fuel cell is preferably designed so that the
  • Structural embossing has individual structural channels. At least two of the structural channels are connected via hairpin curves in such a way that the inlet of one channel, where the dry and unused medium meets the active cell surface, is in the immediate vicinity of the second channel, in which the used and enriched with reaction product medium flows, located.
  • the moisture from the adjacent channel is transported to the dry location partly via the membrane and partly via diffusion processes, which take place, inter alia, via the electrode structure, for example the carbon felt (FIG. 1).
  • the supply and disposal channels of the media are arranged opposite one another on two sides of the cell in such a way that the two media, the dry and the moist, in countercurrent, based on the direction of flow in the individual structure ⁇ channels, can be guided to each other ( Figure 2).
  • the fuel cell according to the invention is designed so that both reactants, namely fuel on the one hand and oxidant on the other hand, dry the cells, i.e. can be fed without being moistened. It is therefore possible to dispense with (external) humidifiers, as a result of which the associated structural and economic disadvantages are eliminated.
  • only one element on one side of the cell for example the cathode side, can be equipped with the structural embossing according to the invention.
  • the media-carrying element on the other hand, in the aforementioned example on the fuel-carrying side is then not equipped with the structural embossing according to the invention. In this case, the supplied fuel can be moistened externally.
  • the media can be fed individually moistened or non-moistened into the fuel cell according to the invention, but they can also be guided into the cell partially moistened.
  • a “membrane-electrode unit” is a unit consisting of an electrolyte, the catalyst layers that contain the electrodes, and possibly the current collectors that can also effect the fine gas distribution on the cell surface.
  • the current collectors can consist, for example, of porous carbon paper or tissue, which can be partially hydrophilic, for example, which allows water to diffuse along the cell surface.
  • the term “medium” refers firstly to all gases and liquids which can act as oxidants in fuel cells. Examples include air, oxygen and any mixtures of these components Designated type of fuel, such as hydrogen, methanol, synthesis and / or reformer gas and natural gas.
  • the “moist medium” is the medium that was already able to absorb product water, that is, in the case of air operation in the case of the oxidant, the exhaust air which is depleted in 0 2 and enriched with H 2 0 or the resulting reaction product.
  • “Fresh medium” is the fresh, unused medium that just reaches the cell area. In the case of air operation, this is, for example, the supply air containing 0 2 in an unchanged concentration.
  • “Supply channel” is understood to mean any channel that transports a medium for conversion onto a cell surface. Accordingly, “disposal channel” means any channel that transports a medium after its implementation on the cell surface away from the cell surface.
  • reaction product is the product of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell, which is formed from fuel and oxidant.
  • the reaction product is formed on one of the electrodes and, due to the drop in concentration between the electrodes, also reaches the other electrode by diffusion. Preferred it is water that forms at the cathode.
  • the reaction product is usually liquid and gaseous next to each other, but it can also only be liquid or gaseous.
  • electrolyte any type of ion-conducting layer within the fuel cell is referred to as “electrolyte”; in the case of the PEMFC which is preferably treated, the electrolyte, as the name already suggests, is a polymer membrane.
  • Uniform moistening of the cell is understood to mean that any area of the cell which has a drop in performance or even a performance disruption when it is dry is covered by the humidification system.
  • dry area is used only for areas which are due to their undesirable dryness disturb the normal functioning of the fuel cell.
  • the water of reaction is preferably returned to the membrane within the cell in order to prevent it from drying out.
  • Electrodes or bipolar plates are referred to as “media-carrying elements” which have spaces in which the media, for example gaseous media, are guided.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be bipolar plates or electrodes which Provide gas and cooling medium bypass integrated in a plate
  • the material of the media-carrying elements must be such that the diffusion of the reaction product allows.
  • Structural embossing is understood to mean all types of channels and grooves in which the media can be passed over the cell. These are referred to as “channel” or
  • media spaces that can be summarized as “structural channels” can run in a straight line over the active cell surface or can also be curved or curved.
  • the profile of the channel and groove edges for example the ribs between two structural channels, can assume all possible geometric shapes, such as that of a trapezoid or of a cylinder, the ones that relate to the geometry of the structure channels and the embossing
  • the specifications are in no way intended to limit the present invention, but rather are intended to illustrate the invention.
  • the principle according to the invention can be implemented with all types of geometric shapes.
  • the "flow direction” is understood to mean the main direction of the media flow, regardless of any side flows.
  • Figures 1 to 3 each show a top view of a cell according to the invention, specifically of a media-carrying element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a media-guiding element embossed according to the invention.
  • Line 1 encloses the entire cell area and line 2 encloses the part of the cell area on which the conversion takes place, which is also called the active area 5 of the cell.
  • the dry medium 8 reaches one of the individual structure channels 4 on the active surface via the suction channel 3 and flows along the channel 4 from right to left, increasing its reaction product, in the present case water.
  • the moist medium 9 is approximately saturated with reaction water and changes its direction of flow in the hairpin curve 6 in order to flow back to the right side in the illustration and to the disposal channel 5.
  • On the way from left to right, ie along the channel 7, 5 then releases the reaction water-enriched medium reaction water to the environment because it passes over the dry areas before the fuel cell, which is located on the right side of the fuel cell, flows.
  • FIG. 1 only two individual structure channels 4, which receive the dry medium 8 from the supply channel and only two individual structure channels 7, which lead the moist medium 9 enriched with reaction water to the disposal channel, are shown.
  • This is only a schematic illustration which is intended to illustrate the principle of the invention. According to the invention, any number of such structural channels can be arranged on a cell surface, depending on how it is practical for the respective application.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a plan view of a media-guiding element according to the invention, this configuration being constructed in such a way that the supply duct 3 and the disposal duct 5 are each mounted on two opposite sides of the fuel cell.
  • the dry medium 8 reaches via the supply channel 3 into one of the individual structural channels 4 through which it flows from right to left and, as in FIG. 1, is enriched with reaction water.
  • the moistened medium changes its direction of flow again in the hairpin curve 6 and brings moisture into the region 10 which is adjacent to the inlet point of the dry medium 8.
  • the supply duct 3 and the disposal duct 5 can lie on one level, as is made visible in FIG. 2 by the structural ducts drawn in each case in solid lines.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows the configuration of the fuel cell according to the invention, in which the principle of internal loading moisturization without hairpin bends, with individual structure channels.
  • the supply channels 3a and 3b can be seen on the left and right on the side of the fuel cell surface through which the dry medium 8 reaches the individual channels 4.
  • Three structural channels 4 can be seen through which the dry medium 8 flows from one side to the other and thereby enriches water of reaction.
  • Each individual channel 4 therefore has an area in which the dry medium 8 and an area in which the humidified medium 9 flows.
  • the respective areas 8 and 9 of two successive supply channels 3a and 3b can be seen on the left and right on the side of the fuel cell surface through which the dry medium 8 reaches the individual channels 4.
  • Three structural channels 4 can be seen through which the dry medium 8 flows from one side to the other and thereby enriches water of reaction.
  • Each individual channel 4 therefore has an area in which the dry medium 8 and an area in which the humidified medium 9 flows.
  • Structural channels 4 are arranged opposite, so that an area in which the dry medium 8 is guided is enclosed by two areas on the cell surface in which the moist medium 9 flows.
  • the disposal channels 5a and 5b which are on a different level from the supply channels 3a and 3b and through which the moistened and reacted medium leaves the cell area, are dashed again.
  • the fuel cells according to the invention can be combined to form a battery, with several cells being connected in series.
  • the supply and disposal channels are coupled to a larger system for media supply and disposal, and only a portion of the dry medium flowing in a supply channel flows towards a cell surface. Otherwise, the principle according to the invention is fully retained.
  • Such batteries can be used in various stationary and mobile energy supply applications using fuel cell technology.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible comportant des rainures structurales sur les plaques bipolaires ou sur les électrodes, lesquelles permettent l'utilisation, à l'intérieur de la cellule, de l'eau résultant de la réaction électrochimique, pour humidifier la cellule. Une préhumidification des réactants, qui est compliquée, n'est donc pas nécessaire.
PCT/DE1997/000291 1996-03-06 1997-02-14 Pile a combustible a humidification interne WO1997033331A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19608739 1996-03-06
DE19608739.2 1996-03-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997033331A1 true WO1997033331A1 (fr) 1997-09-12

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999028985A1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-10 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procede et appareil pour diriger l'eau vers une membrane echangeuse d'ions dans une pile a combustible
EP0924785A2 (fr) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile à combustible et séparateur bipolaire pour celle-ci
WO2002056402A2 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-18 Daimlerchrysler Ag Empilement de cellules electrochimiques
WO2003028137A2 (fr) 2001-09-21 2003-04-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede et dispositif pour exploiter une pile a combustible
WO2004025764A1 (fr) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Pile a combustible a electrolyte polymere et dispositif de production de courant
EP1526597A1 (fr) * 2003-10-25 2005-04-27 P 21-Power for the 21st Century GmbH Dispositif d'humidification d'effluents d'agents dans des piles à combustible
US7138200B1 (en) 1997-12-18 2006-11-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell and separator for the same
EP2337133A3 (fr) * 2009-12-07 2011-08-24 Industrial Technology Research Institute Arrangements de plaques d'écoulement de fluide
TWI427855B (zh) * 2009-12-07 2014-02-21 Ind Tech Res Inst 模組化燃料電池裝置及流體流場板總成

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0668896A (ja) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル構造
WO1994015377A1 (fr) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 International Fuel Cells Corporation Dispositif a pile a combustible a membrane d'echange de protons, et a plaques de separation pour le transfert de l'eau
JPH06267560A (ja) * 1993-03-12 1994-09-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子型燃料電池
JPH07263003A (ja) * 1994-03-25 1995-10-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子電解質燃料電池用ガスセパレータ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0668896A (ja) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-11 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池のセル構造
WO1994015377A1 (fr) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 International Fuel Cells Corporation Dispositif a pile a combustible a membrane d'echange de protons, et a plaques de separation pour le transfert de l'eau
JPH06267560A (ja) * 1993-03-12 1994-09-22 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子型燃料電池
JPH07263003A (ja) * 1994-03-25 1995-10-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 固体高分子電解質燃料電池用ガスセパレータ

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 308 (E - 1560) 13 June 1994 (1994-06-13) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 672 (E - 1646) 19 December 1994 (1994-12-19) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 096, no. 002 29 February 1996 (1996-02-29) *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999028985A1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-10 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Procede et appareil pour diriger l'eau vers une membrane echangeuse d'ions dans une pile a combustible
EP1365466A2 (fr) * 1997-12-01 2003-11-26 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Méthode et dispositif pour distribuer l'eau à une membrane échangeuse d'ions dans une pile à combustible
EP1365466A3 (fr) * 1997-12-01 2004-10-20 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Méthode et dispositif pour distribuer l'eau à une membrane échangeuse d'ions dans une pile à combustible
US7138200B1 (en) 1997-12-18 2006-11-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell and separator for the same
EP0924785A2 (fr) * 1997-12-18 1999-06-23 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile à combustible et séparateur bipolaire pour celle-ci
EP1100140A2 (fr) * 1997-12-18 2001-05-16 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile à combustible et séparateur pour celle-ci
EP1100140A3 (fr) * 1997-12-18 2003-12-03 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile à combustible et séparateur pour celle-ci
EP0924785A3 (fr) * 1997-12-18 2003-12-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Pile à combustible et séparateur bipolaire pour celle-ci
US7572537B2 (en) 1997-12-18 2009-08-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell and separator for the same
WO2002056402A2 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2002-07-18 Daimlerchrysler Ag Empilement de cellules electrochimiques
WO2002056402A3 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2003-10-30 Daimler Chrysler Ag Empilement de cellules electrochimiques
US7485389B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2009-02-03 Daimler Ag Electrochemical fuel cell stack
WO2003028137A2 (fr) 2001-09-21 2003-04-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procede et dispositif pour exploiter une pile a combustible
WO2003028137A3 (fr) * 2001-09-21 2004-01-29 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Procede et dispositif pour exploiter une pile a combustible
WO2004025764A1 (fr) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-25 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Pile a combustible a electrolyte polymere et dispositif de production de courant
EP1526597A1 (fr) * 2003-10-25 2005-04-27 P 21-Power for the 21st Century GmbH Dispositif d'humidification d'effluents d'agents dans des piles à combustible
EP2337133A3 (fr) * 2009-12-07 2011-08-24 Industrial Technology Research Institute Arrangements de plaques d'écoulement de fluide
TWI427855B (zh) * 2009-12-07 2014-02-21 Ind Tech Res Inst 模組化燃料電池裝置及流體流場板總成

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