WO1997000021A1 - Aliment a bases d'algues pour organismes marins et procede de preparation de cet aliment - Google Patents

Aliment a bases d'algues pour organismes marins et procede de preparation de cet aliment Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997000021A1
WO1997000021A1 PCT/NZ1996/000059 NZ9600059W WO9700021A1 WO 1997000021 A1 WO1997000021 A1 WO 1997000021A1 NZ 9600059 W NZ9600059 W NZ 9600059W WO 9700021 A1 WO9700021 A1 WO 9700021A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seaweed
foodstuff
mixture
base
marine organisms
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ1996/000059
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William John Courtney
Paul Allister Reeve Dryer
Kathleen Ann Coopey
Mark Le Fevre
Original Assignee
Coast Biologicals Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Coast Biologicals Limited filed Critical Coast Biologicals Limited
Priority to AU61414/96A priority Critical patent/AU6141496A/en
Publication of WO1997000021A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997000021A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to foodstuffs for marine matter.
  • feeding of shellfish such as abalone shall be considered though the present invention may be applied in other areas.
  • abalone represent a group of shellfish which comprises many different species.
  • abalone are of commercial importance in the luxury food market, while their shells are often sought after in other industries.
  • the "debris” comprises a useful natural base for feeds for marine organisms, particularly shellfish.
  • the applicants have recognised that the "debris” comprises a useful natural base for feeds for marine organisms, particularly shellfish.
  • any form of processed seaweed not just that resulting from agar extraction, is within the scope of the present invention.
  • a foodstuff suitable for use with shellfish such as abalone should have either or both the following properties: good stability in water - it should be resistant to rapid dissolution or breaking down, and it should be able to promote the rapid growth of the abalone or shellfish giving a good feed conversion, in terms of weight food converted to weight abalone flesh.
  • a feed characterised by being resistant to rapid break up or dissolution in water, (either or both fresh water or seawater) and which includes a processed (as herein defined) seaweed.
  • a feed substantially as described above, in which 'processing' of seaweed comprises cooking or heat treatment.
  • a feed substantially as described above, in which 'processing' of seaweed includes digestion by at least one of acids, bases, enzymes, fungi, bacteria, or other micro-organisms.
  • a feed substantially as described above, which includes at least one substance falling within the group comprising: minerals, vitamins, and lipids.
  • a feed substantially as described above, which includes nutrient protein material.
  • a feed substantially as described above, in which said nutrient protein material comprises at least one of: plant material, fish based material, casein, dairy products and/or by-products, and animal derived material.
  • a feed resistant to rapid dissolution in seawater, and which includes at least one of: an alginic acid, an alginate salt and/or a polysaccharide; each of a type which gels in the presence of certain metal cations.
  • a feed substantially as described above which is further characterised by being self-skinning when surface portions contact seawater.
  • a feed substantially as described above which includes at least one of: vitamins, minerals, nutrient proteins, and lipids.
  • One set of embodiments of the present invention are characterised by including cooked seaweed.
  • Previously raw, or fresh seaweed was fed to shellfish though there are present the usual problems associated with storing and transporting fresh produce. Drying the seaweed is a possible solution though this adds an extra step and dried seaweed may not always be as palatable to the shellfish as is the fresh material. Accordingly, in one set of embodiments of the present invention there is provided a foodstuff which relies on a processed seaweed.
  • processed seaweed a seaweed which has been cooked or heat treated, or otherwise subjected to conditions which produce an effect similar to heating.
  • Digestion steps such as digestion by acids, alkalines, enzymes etc. are several examples.
  • the use of fungi, bacteria and micro-organisms to break down or partially digest the seaweed are also envisaged.
  • the processed seaweed will form a significant, if not major, proportion of any foodstuff for the embodiments being described. It is envisaged that other substances shall also be included and these may include: vitamins, minerals, lipids, nutrient protein sources, and other substances which may be required by the animal life to which a foodstuff is fed. Much of this material might already be present in the seaweed, though additional components may be provided to provide what is considered to be a balanced or a required diet.
  • Additional nutrient protein may be derived from a variety of sources. In some instances this may be derived from plant based material (the seaweed will provide a substantial proportion of required protein) though non-marine plant material may also be considered for inclusion.
  • Animal based protein sources both marine and non-marine may also be considered. Examples include protein rich waste from many animal processing industries — for instance, fish waste, waste from meat processing works, dairy bi products such as casein and whey, etc.
  • As the animals to which the foodstuffs are to be fed may not be accustomed to these other sources of protein (which are alien to their environment), consideration may need to be given to the tolerance and acceptance of these alternative protein and nutrient sources. It is possible that these alternative sources need to be supplementary rather than main nutrient sources - in preferred embodiments of the present invention it is envisaged that the processed seaweed will still form a dominant proportion of the resulting foodstuff.
  • One method of conferring resistance to the rapid breakdown of a foodstuff is to form foodstuff into pellets or articles which have been compacted. In some instances the solubility of the individual components is relatively low. Compacting an article generally reduces the overall surface area, and the integrity of the internal structure of the article - both surface area and integrity generally being factors affecting the rate of dissolution and breakdown of any article in a liquid. In general compacted articles dissolve or breakdown more slowly than their non-compacted counterparts and thus this technique may be relied upon to produce blocks and briquettes (etc.) which have relatively good stability in water.
  • hydrophobic substances can also delay the dissolution or breakdown of an article in water.
  • Some of the envisaged additional nutrient sources are hydrophobic in nature. Examples include many of the lipids, dairy by products and fatty or oily animal and fish wastes. Hydrophobic substances if dispersed throughout a feed matrix will typically make the feed article water repellent, or wetting resistant, depending of course on the proportion and nature of hydrophobic substance included.
  • Hydrophobic substances may be included in compacted embodiments. Envisaged is a compacted block comprising a matrix of substantially dry components. Such a block impregnated with an oily or fatty substance is also envisaged.
  • inventions may take the form of a gel.
  • This gel may be of type resistant to rapid dissolution in water.
  • Many gels comprise a 3-dimensional network of linked molecules and comprise substantially water. Often such gels are resistant to dissolution in water, or can be prepared in a form where such resistance exists.
  • gelling agents are known, and many of these are non-toxic and used in the food industries. Such gelling agents may be used in various embodiments of the present invention to provide a gelled embodiment of a foodstuff. Solid nutrients and components may be dispersed throughout the gel while soluble components may be present in the water encased within the gel network. Some examples of gelling agents include gelatines, agars, and many polysaccharide materials. 'Non-organic' gelling agents, such as some silicone compounds, may be considered in some instances.
  • gelled embodiments of the present invention will comprise relatively stiff gels so as to be resistant to the effects of dissolution and breakdown in water. It is also envisaged that some gels may be more resistant to dissolution in salt water than in fresh water and vice versa. Accordingly, the intended application of the resulting foodstuff will have a bearing on the gelling agent included.
  • the foodstuff is also substantially a gelled product though the gel is of a type which increases in gel strength or viscosity in the presence of certain metal cations.
  • the alginates such as alginic acid, and many alginate salts (eg. sodium alginate), are often able to be prepared into a gel which thickens in the presence of certain heavier metal cations (eg. calcium and above).
  • This can be a useful quality in preparing a foodstuff as, firstly, it allows a way of rapidly promoting the setting of a prepared foodstuff mixture. Narious components may be combined and, providing care is taken not to include any gel-promoting cations, the mixture could be relatively readily mixed and blended.
  • Introducing a gel promoting substance can then be used to set the foodstuff. This may have inherent problems if the conditions are such that the gel sets while attempting to blend in the gel promoting substances (though for some embodiments this may be acceptable). It may be simpler, in some instances, to merely extrude, or introduce into a gel-promoting solution, portions of an animal foodstuff. The result would be a product having a fluid or lightly gelled centre but also possessing a skin of a more heavily gelled nature.
  • the ability to form a skin when contacting solutions of heavier metal cations can be useful both for the manufacturing of a product, and the end use. Potentially realisable advantages in manufacturing have been described above, as it provides a useful method for forming a final product. It may also be advantageous during use, especially where used in seawater which is rich in many gel promoting metal cations.
  • Such embodiments will be useful when be grazed by marine life as they would in effect be self skinning as each new portion of the feed article is exposed by the grazing action of the shellfish or animal.
  • This self skinning process would be a consequence of the inner portions being exposed to the seawater and the result is a product whose self skinning properties can resist its rapid dissolution or breakdown in water or marine conditions.
  • Such embodiments may not be as particularly suitable in fresh water environments where there may be an insufficient concentration of metal cations to promote the skinning process.
  • embodiments which are substantially gelled throughout the entire article are relied upon, unless the foodstuff was formed into articles of a size which would each be substantially consumed by a grazing animal or shellfish etc.
  • the administrable form so produced may either be in gelled form or in substantially solid form, although any other form which will sink to the area of grazing by the marine organism is within the scope of the present invention.
  • a seaweed based foodstuff for marine organisms comprising the steps of:
  • the seaweed will be dried in hot air driers. Once extruded the mixture may be in a semi dry condition. Accordingly, the mixture can be dried again into an administrable form, such as chips or pellets or similar.
  • a seaweed such as Pterocladia lucida, and/or Pterocladia capillaceae is initially cooked.
  • a variety of heating methods may be relied upon, such as steam heating, pressure cooking, etc. to produce a softened or partially digested material which is more readily consumed or digested by a shellfish or animal.
  • Other seaweeds and marine plant matter may be considered, including various species of Gelidium, Gracillaria, and Ahnfeldtia. These three families, and other members of the Rhodophycaea group are, in particular, preferred foodstuffs of abalone.
  • Other plant based matter may be included to supplement the seaweed.
  • Cooking of the seaweed also has the effect of partially extracting substances, such as agar, which are able to contribute to the gelling of a product.
  • partially extracting substances such as agar
  • the addition of other gelling substances may not be required. It is noted however that to extract a sufficient level of gel forming substances from the included seaweed may be too time consuming or energy intensive and thus other commercially available sources of gelling substances may be relied upon to supplement those which are extracted from the nutrient seaweed/plant matter sources.
  • a nutrient additive which may be added in various proportions to the cooked seaweed base as required.
  • the following formulation which has been optimised for abalone but is also applicable to many other types of animal life, would typically be sufficient to treat the base material from between 100 - 1000 kg of seaweed:
  • additional nutrient or protein sources may be added.
  • additional nutrient or protein sources such as fish waste and offal, fish oils (cod liver oil and halibut oil), protein rich meats, processing plant waste, milk powders, casein, whey, etc.
  • the resulting product is formed into pieces of gelled material.
  • agar and gel forming substances extracted from the seaweed may result in a gelled product though additional gelling agents may be included.
  • the resulting product may be slowly stirred as the gel forms so that the result is a vat of broken gelled lumps of irregular size and shape.
  • the product may be allowed to solidify into blocks or shapes which can be further cut or processed as desired.
  • Another alternative is to extrude or mould a product into variously sized or shaped articles.
  • Example 2 there is also included the preparation at least one alginate material capable of gelling, or forming a thicker gel, in the presence of certain metal cations.
  • alginate material capable of gelling, or forming a thicker gel, in the presence of certain metal cations.
  • Such substances may be extracted from materials included in the initial plant material being processed, though it is also possible that the alginate materials may be included from a separate source.
  • the resulting products may still resemble a gel and may be formed into articles according to many of the ways described above. Depending on the exact process the formed articles may be subjected to a solution of gel promoting cations to form or toughen any skin around each article. It is also possible that gel-promoting cations may be incorporated into the base, or subsequent, preparations.
  • this example relies upon alternative digestion processes to supplement or replace heat treatment or cooking.
  • a mineral, or organic, acid may be relied upon to at least partially digest the seaweed.
  • the strength of the acid will influence the rate by which digestion occurs, and is largely a matter of user choice.
  • Alkalis could also be relied upon and again the concentration, as well as nature of, the alkaline solution will influence the rate of digestion.
  • Enzymes, fungi, bacteria and other micro-organisms are often also used in other fields for digestive processes and it is envisaged that these techniques may be used to assist in the processing of the seaweed.
  • similar components are used to form a substantially dry foodstuff.
  • cooking or heat treatment of the seaweed and plant matter fraction is performed, primarily as a means for reducing, or limiting, the proportion of moisture in the final product.
  • To the resulting base portion are added any remaining components, also in a non-liquid (or at least non aqueous) or relatively dry form.
  • the components are blended into a substantially homogeneous blend and then compacted into articles of the preferred size and shape.
  • Additional components which possess hydrophobic properties may be included.
  • Various nutrient substances which possess hydrophobic properties have been previously discussed.
  • Non-nutrient hydrophobic substances may also be included. Examples include many minerals, organometallic substances such as zinc stearate etc., mineral oils, and also oils of other origins (which may also be considered to be a partial nutrient source in some instances). Consideration would need to be given that the included substances are not toxic to the targeted animal for which the foodstuff is being prepared. Different targeted animals will require different components though percentage breakdowns (dry weight equivalents) of some preferred examples according to the present invention are as follows:
  • pre-processing consists of cooking in an aqueous system, with or without pressure, carried out at pH values which may be varied between 2 - 11 with mineral acids or bases or other suitable buffering or pH controlling compounds
  • any of the foregoing embodiments may be dried to a low residual moisture level to aid long term stability. Such dried products will rehydrate, at a greater or lesser rate depending on formulation, when placed in water until they are of a sufficiently soft consistency to be eaten by the shellfish.”
  • 300 animals were divided into five tanks with 60 animals in each tank. All 300 animals had been fed on a commercial, casein based diet for 4 weeks prior to the start of the trial.
  • Each animal was individually identified with a numbered tag and individually weighed and measured at the start of the trial, and after 100 days on the test diets. The total number of diets in each tank was kept constant by replacing any missing or dead animals with untagged abalone of a similar size.
  • Unbalanced ANCOVA was used to analyse the data.
  • the abalone weights were adjusted at the trial measurement dates to allow for initial differences in the abalone size.
  • An effect of this adjustment is an assumption that all abalone in every treatment had a constant initial mean weight of 4.3g.
  • Another effect is the reduction in Standard Error of differences between the means.
  • a comparison of diet B in comparison with the no-weed control diet E provides a very statistically significant increase in weight of 10.1% in weight over 100 days with diet B.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à des perfectionnements relatifs aux aliments destinés à la faune marine. De manière spécifique, l'invention se rapporte à de nouveaux aliments à base d'algues destinés aux organismes marins en général et conçus particulièrement à l'intention de l'aquaculture de l'ormeau. Ces aliments comportent d'une part une base d'algues traitées qui peuvent provenir, en tant que sous-produit, de l'extraction commerciale de l'agar-agar, et d'autre part des éléments nutritifs et des agents gélifiants que l'on peut ajouter facultativement à ladite base. Ces aliments se présentent sous forme solide ou gélifiée, ils peuvent être déshydratés et ils résistent à la dissolution dans l'eau. L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de fabrication de ces aliments.
PCT/NZ1996/000059 1995-06-19 1996-06-18 Aliment a bases d'algues pour organismes marins et procede de preparation de cet aliment WO1997000021A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU61414/96A AU6141496A (en) 1995-06-19 1996-06-18 A seaweed based foodstuff for marine organisms and process for preparing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ272338 1995-06-19
NZ272338A NZ272338A (en) 1995-06-19 1995-06-19 Shellfish feedstuff; includes processed seaweed

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997000021A1 true WO1997000021A1 (fr) 1997-01-03

Family

ID=19925300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NZ1996/000059 WO1997000021A1 (fr) 1995-06-19 1996-06-18 Aliment a bases d'algues pour organismes marins et procede de preparation de cet aliment

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6141496A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ272338A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997000021A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999012430A1 (fr) * 1997-09-06 1999-03-18 Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh Aliment gelifie pour animaux aquatiques
KR100405758B1 (ko) * 2000-12-07 2003-11-15 손형우 전복양식용 배합사료 조성물 및 그 제조방법
WO2006115336A1 (fr) * 2005-04-08 2006-11-02 Yeong Hwan Jang Methode de fabrication d'aliments pour la pisciculture
JP2015159729A (ja) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-07 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 アワビ養殖用飼料、アワビ養殖用飼料の製造方法、アワビ養殖用装置、アワビの養殖方法及び廃棄海藻の処理方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110463833A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-11-19 泉州市泉港科山海藻有限公司 一种海藻饲料及其加工工艺

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU4297785A (en) * 1984-05-01 1985-11-28 James P. Cox Coated fish feed pellets

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU4297785A (en) * 1984-05-01 1985-11-28 James P. Cox Coated fish feed pellets

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 80-35228C, Class D13; & JP,A,55 045 380 (MITSUBISHI PETROCH K.K.), 31 March 1980. *
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 86-200508, Class D13; & JP,A,61 132 144 (KORYU KOGYO KK), 19 June 1986. *
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 90-065040, Class D13; & JP,A,02 020 253 (NISSHIN FLOUR MILL KK), 23 January 1990. *
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 91-024868, Class D13; & JP,A,02 207 759 (SUISAN KAGAKU KK), 17 August 1990. *
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 94-187885, Class D13; & JP,A,06 125 715 (DAICEL CHEM. IND. LTD), 10 May 1994. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, C-1223, page 68; & JP,A,06 098 691 (NIPPON HAIGOU SHIRYO K.K.), 12 April 1994. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, C-712, page 92; & JP,A,02 039 861 (NIPPON NOUSAN KOGYO K.K.), 8 February 1990. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999012430A1 (fr) * 1997-09-06 1999-03-18 Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh Aliment gelifie pour animaux aquatiques
US6303175B1 (en) 1997-09-06 2001-10-16 Warner-Lambert Company Gelled foodstuff for aquatic animals
CZ302053B6 (cs) * 1997-09-06 2010-09-22 Tetra Werke Dr. Rer. Nat. Ulrich Baensch Gmbh Gelové krmivo pro vodní živocichy a zpusob jeho výroby
KR100405758B1 (ko) * 2000-12-07 2003-11-15 손형우 전복양식용 배합사료 조성물 및 그 제조방법
WO2006115336A1 (fr) * 2005-04-08 2006-11-02 Yeong Hwan Jang Methode de fabrication d'aliments pour la pisciculture
JP2015159729A (ja) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-07 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 アワビ養殖用飼料、アワビ養殖用飼料の製造方法、アワビ養殖用装置、アワビの養殖方法及び廃棄海藻の処理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ272338A (en) 1997-12-19
AU6141496A (en) 1997-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3889007A (en) Aquatic animal food composition
CN112042825A (zh) 一种高鲜肉宠物粮及制备方法
WO1997000021A1 (fr) Aliment a bases d'algues pour organismes marins et procede de preparation de cet aliment
Adelung et al. Studies to establish an optimal diet for the decapod crab Carcinus maenas under culture conditions
US20230087189A1 (en) An aquaculture feed with high water and oil content and a system and method for manufacturing said aquaculture feed
KR100222132B1 (ko) 가축용 사료 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
KR102491099B1 (ko) 풀무치 분말을 포함하는 모질개선용 반려견 간식
FI65895C (fi) Foerfarande foer framstaellning av stimuli foer fisk
Stanley et al. The growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed commercial feeds in pond cages
KR960010340B1 (ko) 새우양식용 인공사료 및 이의 제조방법
RU2311793C1 (ru) Корм для собак и способ его приготовления
Uspenskaya et al. Aquaculture: problems and modern perspective on topical solution.
Suzumura et al. Efficacy of octopus feed encased within a collagen membrane
JPS61202659A (ja) 醗酵飼料
EP1569524B1 (fr) Aliment pour poissons
CN1038572A (zh) 高效能添加饲料
JPS5871847A (ja) 稚魚用配合飼料の製造法
Patel et al. Effect of Herbal Liver Tonic on the Growth, Digestibility and Bio-chemical Composition of Grey Mullet Mugilcephalus (Linnaeus) fry
RU2202222C2 (ru) Способ приготовления комбикорма
Sholihah et al. Macronutrient Analysis and In vivo Test in the Utilization of Barracuda Fish (Sphyraena barracuda) Asap Liquid as an Action to Meet Protein Needs
Sule et al. POTENTIAL OF CATTLE HAIR MEAL BASED DIET AS FISHMEAL REPLACER ON PHYSIOLOGY OF Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES.
RU2038798C1 (ru) Способ получения белковой кормовой добавки
EP4280892A1 (fr) Alimentation pour aquaculture et son procédé de production
KR20240088079A (ko) 다이어트용 애완견 사료
KR20220009785A (ko) 반려동물용 단미사료

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase