WO1996041470A1 - Procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire - Google Patents

Procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996041470A1
WO1996041470A1 PCT/US1996/010282 US9610282W WO9641470A1 WO 1996041470 A1 WO1996041470 A1 WO 1996041470A1 US 9610282 W US9610282 W US 9610282W WO 9641470 A1 WO9641470 A1 WO 9641470A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
program
schedule information
program schedule
storage means
free space
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/010282
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Beryl Lazarus
Michael Dean Ellis
Original Assignee
News America Publications, Inc.
Tele-Communications Of Colorado, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23891902&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1996041470(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by News America Publications, Inc., Tele-Communications Of Colorado, Inc. filed Critical News America Publications, Inc.
Priority to AT96921600T priority Critical patent/ATE236487T1/de
Priority to EP96921600A priority patent/EP0880855B1/fr
Priority to PL96328155A priority patent/PL180930B1/pl
Priority to DE69627201T priority patent/DE69627201T2/de
Priority to JP50227497A priority patent/JP3607703B2/ja
Priority to CA002223025A priority patent/CA2223025C/fr
Priority to BR9609479A priority patent/BR9609479A/pt
Priority to AU62788/96A priority patent/AU706701B2/en
Publication of WO1996041470A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996041470A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
    • H04N21/4335—Housekeeping operations, e.g. prioritizing content for deletion because of storage space restrictions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/00095—Systems or arrangements for the transmission of the picture signal
    • H04N1/00098—Systems or arrangements for the transmission of the picture signal via a television channel, e.g. for a series of still pictures with or without sound
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/23439—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements for generating different versions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/84—Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/08—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division
    • H04N7/087—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only
    • H04N7/088—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital
    • H04N7/0884—Systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal, e.g. additional information signals, the signals occupying wholly or partially the same frequency band, e.g. by time division with signal insertion during the vertical blanking interval only the inserted signal being digital for the transmission of additional display-information, e.g. menu for programme or channel selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/162—Authorising the user terminal, e.g. by paying; Registering the use of a subscription channel, e.g. billing
    • H04N7/165—Centralised control of user terminal ; Registering at central

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a memory management system and method, and, in particular, to an intelligent system and method for allocating the finite memory resources of a television electromc program guide ("EPG") according to the current utility of the program schedule information stored in the EPG's memory.
  • EPG television electromc program guide
  • EPG systems which provide television viewers with on-screen program schedule information in a convenient format.
  • interactive EPGs the operation of the EPG is under user control so that the user may browse schedule information in any order, select programs from on-screen menus for current or future viewing, order pay-per-view programming and perform other useful operations on demand.
  • An example of an advanced EPG system is described in co-pending application serial no. 08/119367 by Bennington, et al., entitled “Electronic Television Program Guide Schedule System and Method” (hereinafter, “Bennington et al. "), incorporated herein by reference.
  • EPGs operate in the following basic manner: program schedule information, and sometimes applications and/or systems software, is transmitted to equipment located on the viewer's premises (usually a "set-top box") by way of broadcast, cable, direct satellite or some other suitable form of transmission.
  • the set-top box contains memory so that the program schedule information can be retained for later viewing.
  • the program schedule information stored in the set-top box is periodically updated (e.g., on a continuous, daily, weekly, bi-weekly basis).
  • a programmed microcontroller in the set-top box cooperates with the viewer's television set to display the stored program schedule information and to implement other functions of the EPG in response to user- generated signals.
  • the functions available will depend on the sophistication of the particular EPG.
  • schedule information is transmitted to the viewer in three separate transmissions, the first of which is used by a user-configured information pre-filter in the EPG to determine whether the information in the subsequent transmissions should be stored or discarded.
  • This selective reception approach to EPG memory management has at least two drawbacks, however.
  • a second drawback is the pre-filter's inability to ascribe intermediate values of utility to program schedule information. By making an initial binary determination as to utility (valuable - store; not valuable - reject), die EPG of Hallenbeck may prevent potentially useful information from reaching the viewer.
  • the pre-filtering scheme of Hallenbeck does not take into account the fact that the value of program information will in general vary over time, making a priori determinations about the future utility of information inappropriate in certain situations.
  • the EPG of Hallenbeck makes a projection as to the future value of program information sent to me viewer when it is received, its pre-filtering scheme is likely to be overinclusive as to the information rejected.
  • the system performs a second-level memory "triage" operation wherein schedule information is prioritized in accordance with pre-defined rules for assessing the current value of the information to each viewer.
  • the system then deletes schedule information in ascending order of value, starting with the least valuable information, and continues until enough space is available in memory to store me schedule update.
  • FIG. 1 is an overview of the memory management operations implemented by the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a table of variables and corresponding numerical values used to quantify the current value of the schedule information held in me EPG's memory.
  • the system and method of the present invention may be implemented on any suitable EPG platform having storage means for storing program schedule information, programmed processor means for executing a memory management software program in accordance with the invention's various memory management functions, and a clock for keeping track of the current date and time.
  • the program of me present invention may be stored in a separate storage means or in a separate portion of the same storage means used for the schedule information.
  • the coding of a program to carry out the procedures of the present invention will be readily apparent to the ordinarily-skilled programmer.
  • a suitable platform for implementing the present invention is the EPG of Bennington, et al., mentioned above.
  • the program of the present invention is loaded into and stored in non-volatile memory EEPROM 20.
  • Schedule information in this platform is stored in a database constructed in DRAM 18.
  • no special transmission protocols are required to send and receive program schedule information.
  • program schedule information for the viewer's service area for the corresponding time period may be sent to the viewer's set-top box in a single data stream transmission and loaded into the database.
  • the specific data items held in the schedule database will be discussed below in connection with the memory management routines that they support.
  • the construction and organization of the program schedule database are routine tasks, as the ordinarily-skilled artisan will appreciate.
  • Microcontroller 16 provides a suitable processor means for executing the program of me present invention, and the clock 19 keeps track of the current time and date (for comparing against schedule records).
  • Other suitable hardware configurations will occur to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.
  • the present invention is not directed to the particular details of the reception and display means of the EPG, and, to avoid obscuring the present invention, the operation of such elements will not be discussed here.
  • the primary function of the present invention is to create free space in the memory used for schedule information storage. This is accomplished by what will be referred to as a database "housekeeping" routine 100.
  • the housekeeping routine may be invoked as often as necessary to free up space in the memory.
  • the housekeeping function is performed at least in advance of every program schedule information update.
  • the housekeeping routine may be invoked more or less frequently depending on the EPG's particular requirements. For example, in some preferred embodiments of me present invention, a complete new schedule is sent to subscribers on a daily, weekly, or some other periodic basis, wim no data sent in between complete schedule updates.
  • the housekeeping routine need only be run in advance of the next schedule. In other preferred embodiments, the system does not wait until a complete new schedule is ready to be transmitted before updating the EPG. Rather, incremental updates to the program schedule are continuously sent to subscribers. In this "cyclical" mode of operation, when all of the data in a schedule has been sent, transmission of schedule data updates immediately begins. Each subsequent transmission includes updates to schedule information already stored in the EPG as well as new data for the end of the covered time period. Any schedule data that has expired since the last transmission is not sent. Because new records are constantly received by the EPG, the housekeeping routine must be invoked more frequently that in embodiments in which complete new program schedules are sent on a daily or other periodic basis.
  • the system begins a search of the schedule database for expired records. To do this, the find and delete subroutine 120 scans each program record to identify program records whose time and date data indicate that me record is expired. All such records are tagged and deleted from the program schedule database. Next, the system determines whether sufficient memory space is available to store the incoming schedule information. In this subroutine 130, the system compares the available memory space with a predetermined memory utilization value, above which the system deems the available free memory space insufficient. If there is insufficient free space memory available, the system men invokes the triage subroutine 140 wherein, as explained more fully below, information contained in unexpired program records is prioritized and deleted according to its current value to me viewer. The triage routine 140 stops after enough information has been deleted to accommodate me new schedule information to be stored. At this point, the housekeeping routine terminates 150, ready to be invoked again as needed.
  • a program schedule record includes a calendar_date, program startjime and duration field for each scheduled showing of the program.
  • the calendar_date field is set to me date on which the program ends.
  • the find and delete routine 120 retains the data associated with the showing, as the record corresponds to future programming.
  • the program record corresponds to expired programming and the data associated with me showing is therefore deleted.
  • the system adds the program startjime and duration fields together and compares the sum to the current time. Data for each showing are then deleted or retained depending on the outcome of the comparison.
  • the find and delete routine 120 proceeds in mis manner until the entire program schedule database has been scanned and purged of expired records. Where all of the showings of a particular program are expired, the system deletes the entire record corresponding to that program (which, as will be discussed later, contains other information about the program). If the EPG system permits time-sensitive messages to be stored, these too can be deleted in the manner just described. In general, any information stored in the EPG mat may become obsolete by virtue of the passage of time can be scanned and deleted in accordance with the present invention.
  • the comparison routine 130 determines whether sufficient memory space has been freed-up to accommodate the incoming data.
  • the comparison routine 130 does this by retrieving a previously stored memory utilization parameter that can be set to any value according to the particular system requirement.
  • the utilization parameter is chosen to be at least as large as the space in memory occupied by the maximum amount of information that can be sent in a program schedule update. In this way, the EPG can receive a complete program schedule for the corresponding time period.
  • the memory utilization parameter may, of course, be set to any arbitrary value based on the requirements of the particular EPG system. Where, for instance, the EPG accepts smaller amounts of data (i.e.
  • me memory utilization parameter could be set to a lower value than where the EPG must accommodate a full program schedule in an update.
  • the system would set the memory utilization parameter according to the number of hours of new program schedule data it wishes to support in the next schedule update. If the system determines that there is sufficient free memory, then the housekeeping routine 100 terminates. If, on the omer hand, me deletion of expired records fails to free up enough memory space as determined by the predetermined utilization parameter, then the triage routine 140 must be invoked.
  • the triage routine 140 of the present invention performs an information prioritization function, quantifying the current value of the information associated with each program record so that the least valuable information can be tagged and deleted on a real-time basis.
  • the program schedule records in this illustrative embodiment of the present invention include, in addition to data identifying the program name, the program air time(s) and channel(s) carrying the program, data corresponding to a program's full title ("Long Title") and a summary description of the program's content ("Information Record”), both of which need only be stored once for a given program.
  • Other informational records may also be stored as part of me program records. For purposes of illustration, however, only the Long Title and Information Record will be considered.
  • any type of data associated with a program in the schedule can be evaluated and prioritized in accordance with the present invention.
  • the Long Title and Information Records associated with each program while helpful, are not necessary to identify a program and its corresponding air times and, moreover, tend to occupy a good deal of the system's memory.
  • the object of the triage routine in this exemplary embodiment is therefore to identify the least valuable Long Title and Information Records in the database so mat this data may be deleted. In mis way, space is made available in memory while at the same time retaining the core schedule information (program short title, air time(s) and channel(s)) for each program in the schedule.
  • any type of information stored in the EPG's memory may be valued in accordance with the techniques of the present invention.
  • the system first visits each scheduled showing of a program and assigns a value to each of three program variables associated with the showing.
  • the variable names and their corresponding values are displayed in the table at Fig. 2.
  • the higher values are assigned to time periods, channels and air times more likely to interest the viewer.
  • the EPG of the preferred embodiment permits the viewer to designate favorite channels and keeps a record of these channels along with the premium channels that the viewer has purchased.
  • the "normal" channels are those not designated purchased or favorite, and, accordingly, have lower values attached to mem.
  • Fig. 2 The list of variables shown in Fig. 2 is illustrative only, and it will be readily understood that other variables may be used to quantify the current usefulness of program information, the number of such variables limited only by the capacity of the particular EPG system to which the present invention is applied. Likewise, me specific values chosen for each the variable ranges in the preferred embodiment are exemplary only, and may be in general be varied according to local demographics or other parameters.
  • the system next computes a value for each showing of a program 142 according to the following equation:
  • schedule_record_value channel_value*time_period*hours_away (1)
  • a " selected jjrogram” variable equal to a high value (e.g., 8) when the viewer has set a reminder to watch that program or has purchased mat specific program, and equal to unity for all other programs.
  • a "scope” variable corresponding to the value of a data tag attached me program record and indicative of the degree to which the program is "local” in nature may also be included in equation (1). Higher scope values would be assigned to data with a more local orientation, reflecting its higher level of interest to the viewer.
  • schedule_record_value for every showing of a program has been computed, me system adds all of the schedule_record_values for a given program together to arrive at a total value for that program's data ("total j>rogram_value") 143.
  • This unique aspect of the present invention allows the EPG to ascribe a continuous range of values of utility to program information, thereby transforming an otherwise subjective judgment ("what is the 'value' of a program?") into an objective one, suited to automatic execution.
  • the system could be programmed to use the highest schedule_record_value for a program as that program's value. This embodiment might be useful in instances where it is determined mat viewers are more interested in programs with very high individual schedule_record_values (e.g. , a program with its last scheduled showing in two hours) than in programs with lower individual schedule_record_yalues but high aggregated program values.
  • the system After the total_program_value for every program stored in memory has been computed, the system is ready to make a determination as to the least valuable Long Title and Information Records in memory.
  • the least valuable Information Record and Long Title are simply those associated with the program having the lowest totalj>rogram_value as computed above. In that case, the system would tag me corresponding Long Title and Information Record and delete their data from memory 144. Deletion of data would proceed in this manner, beginning with the next least valuable program, until enough free space has been created (determined in routine 145, as in the find and delete routine 120, by the pre-defined memory utilization parameter).
  • the system could be configured to weight me Information Record and Long Tide data differently. In this embodiment of the present invention, Record_Values would be computed for each of the two types of data in accordance with the equation:
  • record ype is a unique value assigned by me system to the type of data (Information Record or Long Title) associated with me program. Deletion of data would men be carried out starting wim the lowest Record_Value data, whetiier that be an Information Record or Long Tide, and continuing until sufficient free space in memory is available.
  • equation (1) and equation (2) could be combined into a single equation for ease of execution. Whichever embodiment is being used, me least valuable data is deleted until compliance with the pre ⁇ determined utilization parameter is achieved in step 145. In instances where two program records have identical values, the system deletes the largest record as measured in total number of bytes.
  • the present invention stores the program data in a given schedule update as it is received and permits the value of the data to vary over a continuous range of values during its residency in memory. The viewer gains the two-fold benefit of having all potentially valuable program information available at the outset, while at the same time having the least valuable information stored in die EPG identified and deleted on a real-time basis as memory space is needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Système intelligent de gestion mémoire de programme électronique de télévision et procédé qui supprime automatiquement les informations de moindre importance, stockées, relatives à une émission au moment même où le système a besoin d'espace libre en mémoire. Avant une mise à jour d'un programme d'émissions, le système exécute une opération de gestion interne de la mémoire à deux niveaux, opération au cours de laquelle le système balaye la mémoire à la recherche de données de programme obsolètes. Si, après ce balayage, il n'y a pas suffisamment d'espace disponible en mémoire pour la prochaine mise à jour, le système exécute une opération de 'tri' de la mémoire à un second niveau, les données de programme, au cours de cette opération, étant classées automatiquement par ordre de priorité en fonction de règles prédéfinies permettant d'évaluer l'importance des informations communiquées au téléspectateur en fonction de l'horaire d'émission, du canal et d'autres variables concernant l'intérêt de l'émission. Le système supprime ensuite les données de programme par ordre d'importance, en commençant par les informations les moins importantes, et continue jusqu'à ce que l'espace disponible dans la mémoire suffise pour stocker la mise à jour des programmes.
PCT/US1996/010282 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire WO1996041470A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT96921600T ATE236487T1 (de) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Intelligentes epg system und verfahren zur speichersteuerung
EP96921600A EP0880855B1 (fr) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Epg procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire
PL96328155A PL180930B1 (pl) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Sposób i układ do inteligentnego zarządzania pamięcią
DE69627201T DE69627201T2 (de) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Intelligentes epg system und verfahren zur speichersteuerung
JP50227497A JP3607703B2 (ja) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Ｅｐｇシステムにおけるメモリ管理システムおよび方法
CA002223025A CA2223025C (fr) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire
BR9609479A BR9609479A (pt) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Sistema de administração de mémoria inteligente
AU62788/96A AU706701B2 (en) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Intelligent memory management system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/476,451 1995-06-07
US08/476,451 US5652613A (en) 1995-06-07 1995-06-07 Intelligent electronic program guide memory management system and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996041470A1 true WO1996041470A1 (fr) 1996-12-19

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ID=23891902

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/010282 WO1996041470A1 (fr) 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 Procede et systeme intelligent de gestion memoire

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US5652613A (fr)
EP (1) EP0880855B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP3607703B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR19990022675A (fr)
CN (1) CN1146231C (fr)
AT (1) ATE236487T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU706701B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9609479A (fr)
CA (1) CA2223025C (fr)
DE (1) DE69627201T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2196159T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL180930B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996041470A1 (fr)

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EP0903957A2 (fr) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Méthode et appareil de réception d'information et moyen de stockage
KR20000045149A (ko) * 1998-12-30 2000-07-15 전주범 디지털 텔레비젼 수상기에서 채널 검색방법
WO2000060865A1 (fr) * 1999-04-06 2000-10-12 Open Tv, Inc. Procede et systeme de transmission de donnees numeriques d'un emetteur a un utilisateur
JP2001218125A (ja) * 1999-12-30 2001-08-10 Thomson Multimedia Sa テレビジョン受像機におけるメモリ管理方法及びテレビジョン受像機
AU758668B2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2003-03-27 Nec Corporation Data storing method and data storing apparatus capable of effectively utilizing memory capacity and recording medium
SG105556A1 (en) * 1998-01-23 2004-08-27 Index Systems Inc Home entertainment system and method of its operation
EP1841204A1 (fr) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-03 LG Electronics Inc. Procédé de contrôle de mémorisation d'une application de diffusion de données et récepteur de diffusion correspondant
EP2134087A1 (fr) 2001-02-09 2009-12-16 Microsoft Corporation Optimalisation de l'utilisation d'espace d'emmagasinage dans un système d'enregistrement de données vidéo
CN101917542A (zh) * 2010-07-30 2010-12-15 福建新大陆通信科技股份有限公司 一种机顶盒epg数据快速删除的方法
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PL180930B1 (pl) 2001-05-31
CA2223025C (fr) 2001-11-13
EP0880855A1 (fr) 1998-12-02
CA2223025A1 (fr) 1996-12-19
AU706701B2 (en) 1999-06-24
ES2196159T3 (es) 2003-12-16
PL328155A1 (en) 1999-01-18
CN1187279A (zh) 1998-07-08
CN1146231C (zh) 2004-04-14
US5652613A (en) 1997-07-29
ATE236487T1 (de) 2003-04-15
DE69627201T2 (de) 2003-12-11
KR19990022675A (ko) 1999-03-25
JP2001526005A (ja) 2001-12-11
DE69627201D1 (de) 2003-05-08
EP0880855B1 (fr) 2003-04-02
AU6278896A (en) 1996-12-30
JP3607703B2 (ja) 2005-01-05
JP2005065297A (ja) 2005-03-10
BR9609479A (pt) 1999-07-27

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