WO1996003635A1 - Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996003635A1 WO1996003635A1 PCT/DE1995/000971 DE9500971W WO9603635A1 WO 1996003635 A1 WO1996003635 A1 WO 1996003635A1 DE 9500971 W DE9500971 W DE 9500971W WO 9603635 A1 WO9603635 A1 WO 9603635A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- outer electrodes
- holder
- rubber product
- electrode
- cover holder
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000030507 AIDS Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000019802 Sexually transmitted disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008451 emotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/24—Investigating the presence of flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for checking the porosity of dielectric foils, in particular rubber products, such as condoms or protective gloves, with a cover holder made of solid, electrically conductive material, over which the rubber product is slipped on, and one or more outer electrodes which are located on the other side of the skin of the rubber product opposite the cover holder, the cover holder and the outer electrodes being connected via electrical lines to a voltage source and an electrical measuring device.
- the existing methods of testing condoms for porosity consist in mounting the condom on a metallic cover holder and measuring the electrical resistance of the condom with the aid of an outer electrode.
- the condom is immersed in a conductive liquid, the outer electrode being the wall of the liquid bath.
- the disadvantages of this method are that, on the one hand, subsequent drying is required and, on the other hand, that only an integral measurement is carried out over the entire surface, which means no localization of the single pore.
- the outer electrode is a metallic grid which is under high voltage, the occurrence of breakdowns being measured.
- the disadvantage is that this measuring method is not non-destructive, because the latex is punctually destroyed by the arcing.
- the formation of ozone has a disadvantageous effect.
- the invention has set itself the task of designing a device for checking the porosity of condoms in such a way that individual pores with a diameter of 1-3 ⁇ m (25-75 nm) are identified and localized.
- the object is achieved in that the outer electrodes are point-shaped, the outer electrodes and the cover holder are relatively movable with respect to one another, so that the skin of the rubber product can be successively snapped off from the outer electrodes, and the chip generated by the voltage source ⁇ voltage between the cover holder and the outer electrodes is an alternating voltage, the measuring device measures the current flow in each individual electrode and indicates a defect in the case of a measured value which roughly corresponds to a reference value for the material-free state without a coated rubber product.
- the essential basic idea of the invention is that is not worked with a large-area outer electrode, but that point electrodes are used. Since each individual electrode is evaluated by measurement technology, it is possible to detect individual pores, display them and thus localize them. To check the entire surface of a condom, it is scanned by the outer electrodes, that is to say that each point on the surface of the condom must have fallen below a certain maximum distance from one of the outer electrodes at least once during the measuring process, depending on the measuring parameters. There is an alternating voltage between the outer electrodes and the coating holder, which, because of the capacitance between the outer electrodes and the coating holder, results in an alternating current which is measured separately for each outer electrode.
- the use of a pulsating direct voltage of any polarity is possible. Since latex has a relative dielectric number that differs from that of air, the locations where no latex is present have a different capacity than locations with a latex coating.
- the measuring method is so fine that pores as small as 10 ⁇ result in such a change in capacitance that it is determined by the measuring device by detecting the current flow. If the evaluation of the individual currents of the outer electrodes reveals a defect, the measuring device is displayed. In fact, in successive measurements, approximately larger transitions are obtained due to the existence of pores of larger and smaller diameters in the comparison between the individual measuring points. The respective pore diameters can be verified by calibration assign.
- a threshold value By specifying a threshold value, all pores above the minimum diameter specified by the threshold value can be detected and displayed. The entire surface of the product is grasped; if a constant distance between the electrodes is maintained, the measured values can be compared directly with one another, otherwise a conversion must be carried out for normalization.
- the scanning of the condom can be designed particularly expediently if the cover holder rotates about its axis of rotation, with the result that the outer electrodes do not have to circle round the cover holder but can be kept fixed in space.
- a further simplification of the measuring method is obtained if the outer electrodes are combined in an electrode holder, so that the outer electrodes can be moved together by one drive.
- a preferred arrangement of the outer electrodes on the electrode holder is the alignment of the outer electrodes along a straight line, adjacent outer electrodes being at a constant distance, which has the advantage that large areas can be scanned very quickly.
- the rows run parallel to the axis of rotation of the cover holder, since it is not effective because of the rotation of the cover holder that the outer electrodes circulate around the condom in a ring-shaped manner, since the rotation anyway means that all points lying on the ring affected by the outer electrode can be achieved.
- This stroke movement of the electrode holder can be realized in part by a cam mechanism.
- a protective gas in particular nitrogen, is introduced between the outer electrodes and the condom surface.
- This inert gas supply can be integrated in the electrode holder.
- an electrical insulator pointing in the direction of the rubber product and thus the cover holder on the outer electrodes.
- One of the preferred materials for this is aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ), which can be applied in very thin, high-quality layers. If an increased precision of the measurements is necessary, for example for the detection of very fine pores, the insulation, which in turn represents a dielectric layer possibly provided with errors or thickness variations, can have a disruptive effect on the measurements. In this case in particular, it is advisable not to apply any insulation, ie to use external electrodes with an electrically conductive surface.
- Figure 3 greatly enlarged section of a condom attached to the cover holder
- FIG. 1 shows a rotationally symmetrical cover holder (1), which is essentially circular-cylindrical and ends in a rounded tip. on which a condom (2) is unrolled. At the end opposite the rounded tip of the cover holder (1) it is connected to a rotary drive (3). Immediately at the rounded tip of the cover holder (1), on the side of the condom (2) opposite the cover holder (1), there is a correspondingly rounded small electrode holder (4a) with external electrodes (5) arranged in a row.
- the section from the tip to the straight, cylindrical part of the cover holder (1) is covered by a central electrode holder (4b), whose outer electrodes (5) along a straight line from the tip to the beginning of the straight part of the cover holder (i) are lined up.
- the straight cylindrical part of the cover holder (1) is scanned by a large electrode holder (4c), the outer electrodes (5) of which are located on a straight line parallel to the axis of rotation of the cover holder (1).
- All electrode holders (4a, 4b, 4c) are connected to a cam mechanism (6) by moving them up and down along the rows of outer electrodes (5).
- Each individual outer electrode (5) is connected to the measuring device (not shown) via an electrical line (7).
- Figure 2 shows a section of one of the three
- Electrode holder (4a, 4b, 4c) itself is a plate which lies on the surface of the electrode holder (4a, 4b, 4c). It is connected to an electrical line (7) through a hole (8) through the electrode holder (4a, 4b, 4c) leads to the opposite side and leads to the measuring device (not shown).
- the condom (2) rolled over the covering holder (1) is located at a distance from the outer electrode (5).
- FIG. 3 shows a condom (2) rolled over the cover holder (1), greatly enlarged.
- the condom (2) is also constructed of intertwined and fissured macromolecules (9) and has a relatively large pore (10) at one point.
- Outer electrodes (5) are arranged equidistantly above the condom (2).
- the electric field which is relatively inhomogeneous because of the pore (10), between the outer electrodes (5) and the coating holder (1) is indicated by field lines. If the voltage applied is sufficiently high, an electrical discharge occurs, the appearance of which depends in particular on whether an alternating voltage or a pulsating one
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/776,826 US5824882A (en) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | Device for checking the porosity of thin rubber products |
JP8505362A JPH10504383A (ja) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | 肉薄ゴム製品の有孔検査用装置 |
EP95925723A EP0772767B1 (de) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten |
AU29756/95A AU2975695A (en) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | Device for testing the porosity of thin rubber products |
DE59501470T DE59501470D1 (de) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4426225.6 | 1994-07-23 | ||
DE4426225A DE4426225B4 (de) | 1994-07-23 | 1994-07-23 | Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung der Porosität von dünnen Gummiprodukten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996003635A1 true WO1996003635A1 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
Family
ID=6524030
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1995/000971 WO1996003635A1 (de) | 1994-07-23 | 1995-07-20 | Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5824882A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0772767B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10504383A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE163323T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2975695A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2195785A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4426225B4 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2114328T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996003635A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0847526A2 (de) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-06-17 | Gregory Gormley | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen und messen von porosität und anomalien von nichtleitenden materialien unter verwendung von elektronenstrahlen |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19651208C2 (de) * | 1996-12-10 | 1999-05-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Dichtigkeitsprüfung von mit Flüssigkeit gefüllten Behältnissen |
US7491232B2 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2009-02-17 | Aptus Endosystems, Inc. | Catheter-based fastener implantation apparatus and methods with implantation force resolution |
US6164122A (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-12-26 | Carter-Wallace, Inc. | System and method including multiple test chambers for automated testing for holes in prophylactic device |
US6611149B1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2003-08-26 | Agri Dynamics, Inc. | Condom nipple testing apparatus |
US6984992B1 (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-10 | Agri Dynamics, Inc. | Condom testing apparatus |
EP1999446A4 (de) * | 2006-03-22 | 2011-12-14 | Atmi Packaging Inc | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur leckage-erkennung in biologischen bearbeitungsbeuteln |
US8104328B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2012-01-31 | Atmi Packaging, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for leak detection in bioprocessing bags |
US9086351B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Fixture for system-level glove testing of contact permeation |
CN113219049B (zh) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-08-05 | 浙江鸿昌机械有限公司 | 安全套高精度电检装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4583039A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1986-04-15 | Nestor Kolcio | Electrical testing device for insulating gloves |
US5050426A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1991-09-24 | Torres Ibanez Jos E | Method for determining the reliability of men's contraceptives |
US5196799A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1993-03-23 | Drexel University | Method and apparatus for testing a protective barrier material for pinholes and tear strength |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2221323A (en) * | 1938-08-22 | 1940-11-12 | John R Gammeter | Apparatus and method for testing and assorting thin rubber goods |
US2320516A (en) * | 1940-04-27 | 1943-06-01 | John R Gammeter | Apparatus for testing thin rubber articles |
US2649960A (en) * | 1949-06-10 | 1953-08-25 | John R Gammeter | Apparatus for testing and sorting thin rubber articles |
DE1055847B (de) * | 1955-12-15 | 1959-04-23 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Bestimmen der Porositaet von elektrisch nichtleitenden Folien beispielsweise aus Kunststoffen |
DE2040757C3 (de) * | 1970-08-17 | 1975-02-20 | Union Carbide Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung von Poren oder Porenlöchern eines Kunststoffilms |
DE3223664A1 (de) * | 1982-06-24 | 1983-12-29 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Messanordnung fuer duenne schichten und duennschichtbauelemente auf scheibenfoermigen substraten |
US4875358A (en) * | 1987-05-21 | 1989-10-24 | Stephan Marsh | Preparation of condoms by the user |
JPH07117530B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-16 | 1995-12-18 | ニッカ電測株式会社 | ピンホール検出方法および装置 |
WO1991010889A1 (de) * | 1990-01-21 | 1991-07-25 | Von Witzke Gmbh & Co. | Abdichtungsfolie mit einer elektrischen messeinrichtung zur erfassung von lecks in der folie |
US5389097A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1995-02-14 | Novatec Medical Products, Inc. | Enhanced monitoring device for surgical gloves and other barriers |
DE4105135A1 (de) * | 1991-02-16 | 1992-08-20 | Nix Steingroeve Elektro Physik | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur porenpruefung an kunststoffolienbahnen und -platten mit einer hohen elektrischen aufladefaehigkeit |
DE4127740A1 (de) * | 1991-08-22 | 1993-03-04 | Klaus Joergens | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum pruefen der porositaet von beschichteten gegenstaenden |
WO1993016857A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-09-02 | Sohzohkagaku Co., Ltd. | Moule de fabrication de pieces moulees en caoutchouc tres minces et procede de fabrication de ce moule |
GB9216041D0 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1992-09-09 | Chartex Int Plc | A method of and apparatus for testing bag-like means |
US5455507A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1995-10-03 | Trustees Of Boston University | Method and apparatus for detecting leaks in electrically-insulative protective articles such as condoms, surgical gloves and the like using gaseous electrostatic ions |
US5499898A (en) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-03-19 | Agri Dynamics, Inc. | Apparatus for testing condoms |
-
1994
- 1994-07-23 DE DE4426225A patent/DE4426225B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-07-20 EP EP95925723A patent/EP0772767B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-20 US US08/776,826 patent/US5824882A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-20 ES ES95925723T patent/ES2114328T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-07-20 CA CA002195785A patent/CA2195785A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-07-20 JP JP8505362A patent/JPH10504383A/ja active Pending
- 1995-07-20 WO PCT/DE1995/000971 patent/WO1996003635A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-07-20 AT AT95925723T patent/ATE163323T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-07-20 DE DE59501470T patent/DE59501470D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-07-20 AU AU29756/95A patent/AU2975695A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4583039A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1986-04-15 | Nestor Kolcio | Electrical testing device for insulating gloves |
US5050426A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1991-09-24 | Torres Ibanez Jos E | Method for determining the reliability of men's contraceptives |
US5196799A (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1993-03-23 | Drexel University | Method and apparatus for testing a protective barrier material for pinholes and tear strength |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0847526A2 (de) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-06-17 | Gregory Gormley | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen und messen von porosität und anomalien von nichtleitenden materialien unter verwendung von elektronenstrahlen |
US5844406A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1998-12-01 | Gormley; Gregory J. | Method and apparatus for testing and measuring for porosity and anomalies of materials using electron beams |
EP0847526A4 (de) * | 1995-08-23 | 1999-02-10 | Gregory Gormley | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen und messen von porosität und anomalien von nichtleitenden materialien unter verwendung von elektronenstrahlen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2114328T3 (es) | 1998-05-16 |
DE4426225B4 (de) | 2005-08-04 |
JPH10504383A (ja) | 1998-04-28 |
DE59501470D1 (de) | 1998-03-26 |
AU2975695A (en) | 1996-02-22 |
EP0772767B1 (de) | 1998-02-18 |
EP0772767A1 (de) | 1997-05-14 |
CA2195785A1 (en) | 1996-02-08 |
US5824882A (en) | 1998-10-20 |
DE4426225A1 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
ATE163323T1 (de) | 1998-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102010027871B4 (de) | Ringkathodensegment mit Nanostruktur als Elektronenemitter | |
WO1996003635A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur überprüfung der porosität von dünnen gummiprodukten | |
WO2007121708A1 (de) | Gittersensor zur zweidimensionalen messung von verschiedenen komponenten im querschnitt einer mehrphasenströmung | |
DE69223878T2 (de) | Ionenbeweglichkeitspektrometer | |
DE3148611A1 (de) | Wasserstoff-fuehler | |
EP0233579A2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen geringfügiger Mengen von Gasen oder Dämpfen in Gasgemischen | |
DE4420951C2 (de) | Einrichtung zum Erfassen von Mikroüberschlägen in Zerstäubungsanlagen | |
EP0046989B1 (de) | Selektiver Dünnschicht-Gassensor hoher Empfindlichkeit und Stabilität zum Nachweis und zur Messung von gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoff-Verunreinigungen in der Luft auf der Basis von Wolframoxid (WOx)-Halbleitern, sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
EP2581313A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung bewegter Tabletten | |
EP1880046A1 (de) | Spinnereivorbereitungsmaschine sowie berührungsloses messverfahren | |
EP0289661A2 (de) | Verfahren zur reproduzierbaren Bildung von Materialschichten und/oder zur Behandlung von Halbleiter-Materialschichten | |
WO2017144101A1 (de) | Kapazitive vakuummesszelle mit multielektrode | |
DE3635128A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nachweisen von oel in aerosoler verteilung in einem luftstrom | |
EP1697555B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum magnetronsputtern | |
DE1929429B2 (de) | Vorrichtung zur spektrochemischen analyse eines materials | |
EP4072651B1 (de) | Therapievorrichtung zur zelltherapie oder zellstimulation | |
AT523591B1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Messung von Eigenschaften eines Fluids | |
DE10034895A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Überschlägen in gepulst betriebenen Plasmen | |
WO2017178296A1 (de) | Projektionsbelichtungsanlage mit sensoreinheit zur partikeldetektion | |
DE2604672C2 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Homogenität der radialen Intensitätsverteilung eines ionisierenden Strahlungsbündels | |
WO2011157425A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen plasmabehandlung und/oder plasmabeschichtung eines materialstücks | |
DE19540434C1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Werkstoffproben, insbesondere von elektrisch nicht leitfähigen Proben, mittels Hochfrequenz-Glimmentladung | |
EP0869353B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sensors | |
DE2731752C2 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung kleiner Abstände | |
DE2607596C2 (de) | Elektrode für die spektralanalytische Untersuchung von Legierungen |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA FI JP KR NO US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1995925723 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2195785 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 08776826 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1995925723 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 1995925723 Country of ref document: EP |