WO1995035173A1 - Procede de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, cables et/ou cables metalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises a des contraintes et resistant a l'usure, en particulier, de surfaces de tambours de machines a trefiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, cables et/ou cables metalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises a des contraintes et resistant a l'usure, en particulier, de surfaces de tambours de machines a trefiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995035173A1
WO1995035173A1 PCT/DE1995/000781 DE9500781W WO9535173A1 WO 1995035173 A1 WO1995035173 A1 WO 1995035173A1 DE 9500781 W DE9500781 W DE 9500781W WO 9535173 A1 WO9535173 A1 WO 9535173A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wear
wire
rope
drums
wire drawing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1995/000781
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Günter KUSCH
Lothar Morgenthal
Dieter Pollack
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to PL95317970A priority Critical patent/PL175277B1/pl
Priority to EP95921696A priority patent/EP0760720A1/fr
Publication of WO1995035173A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995035173A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B21C1/14—Drums, e.g. capstans; Connection of grippers thereto; Grippers specially adapted for drawing machines or apparatus of the drum type; Couplings specially adapted for these drums
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/563—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of surface treatment of machine components, in particular wire drawing drums from wire drawing machines or similar transport rollers or drums. It can be used in surface layer refinement, for example surface layer heat treatment in a solid and liquid state, such as in transformation hardening, remelting, alloying, coating etc.
  • the 3-dimensional functional surfaces can be rotationally symmetrical, rotationally eccentric or also prismatic. A particular field of application of the invention is seen in the rope machine industry.
  • Wire drawing drums in the sense of the invention are to be understood as transporting trolleys or drums which are used for transporting or supporting wires, ropes and / or wire ropes and are partially or repeatedly wrapped around them, these wires, ropes and / or wire ropes being carried on these transport rollers or drums perform an axial and / or tangential relative movement that influences the wear.
  • wire drawing drums in the sense of the invention are understood to mean, in particular, drawing drums, drums, finished drums, accumulators, clod edge, rope wheels, cable car wheels, support wheels, cable guide wheels, tensioning wheels and the like.
  • wear is limited to only part of the component surface (wear zone).
  • the wear resistance of heavily used components decides both on the compliance with the quality parameters of the manufactured product and on the process reliability of the entire system.
  • the surface quality of the drum determines compliance with the required quality parameters of drawn wires and the service life of the drum in the event of technologically and economically necessary increases in wire drawing speeds as well as system availability.
  • Tempering zones are surface areas with often reduced wear resistance. In the case of the wire, rope and / or wire rope contact surfaces, the tempering zones lie in the main wear direction (pulling direction of the ropes), so that circumferential grooves are created in the wear zone.
  • the wear-resistant, rotatingly moving wire, rope and / or wire rope contact surfaces are produced, in particular surfaces of wire drawing drums from wire drawing machines or similar transport rollers or drums, by hard layer remelting, remelting, alloying or Coating in wear-resistant traces dimensioned in accordance with the component and application, for example hardening traces, the energy being introduced in portions, trace by trace, by means of non-conventional hardening or coating methods, such as, for example, with surface layer refinement methods using laser or electron beams, for example Laser hardening or electron beam hardening processes.
  • the use of the treatment method and the finishing process depends primarily on the wear and tear, the operating temperature and the material of the component.
  • the individual wear-resistant tracks (5) are parallel, but to the axis of rotation of the wear-stressed wire, rope and / or wire rope running surfaces at an angle (4) of ⁇ 90 °, preferably between 10 ° and 80 ° (eg between 30 ° and 60 °), inclined.
  • the wear-resistant traces are offset around the circumference of the wire, rope and / or wire rope in such a way that heat is controlled as symmetrically as possible is achieved. It is advantageous if the wear-resistant tracks (5) do not immediately one after the other by the minimum track offset, but one after the other by an angle ⁇ , the size of which is an integer fraction of 360 °, preferably 45 °, 90 °, 120 ° or 180 ° (e.g. 90 °) is offset around the wire, rope and / or wire rope contact surface and continuously generated.
  • the wear-resistant tracks are placed in such a way that after the first or every further full revolution of 360 °, the tracks (5) are placed in addition to the angle ⁇ by the optimum track offset (2) for the respective component until a uniform track distribution over the The entire wear zone (1) has been reached and the individual tracks (5) are positioned around the optimum track offset (2) for the component.
  • the locally introduced heat in particular in the case of thin-walled drawing drums, leads to a largely uniform heating of the component, as a result of which the thermal deformation (heat distortion) is minimized.
  • the wear-resistant tracks (5) should advantageously describe a 3-dimensional space curve.
  • the choice of the track angle (4) ⁇ 90 ° enables the wires, ropes and / or wire ropes to run at an acute angle to the wear-resistant tracks (5). It is thus achieved that zones of high wear or low hardness (such as tempering zones or unhardened areas) are only in very small sections both in the direction of loading of the running wires, ropes and / or wire ropes and in the feed that occurs in the axial direction .
  • the stress caused by the running wires, ropes and / or wire ropes and the wear and tear are borne by the hardened traces, which means that the usage properties of the transport rollers or drums are not impaired even when there is wear in the less resistant intermediate areas, because the hardened traces do not form off the wire.
  • the wear of the hardened tracks due to the stresses acting on the wire, rope and / or wire rope contact surfaces is particularly low with high hardness and residual compressive stresses in these tracks.
  • a single wear-resistant track e.g. B. hardness track (5) form the desired Residual compressive stresses in the wear zone, e.g. hardness zone (1), but residual tensile stresses arise in the vicinity.
  • the desired Residual compressive stresses in the wear zone e.g. hardness zone (1)
  • residual tensile stresses arise in the vicinity.
  • track areas with tensile or very low compressive residual stresses are obtained by superimposing stresses.
  • the shape curvature (surface) of the wire drawing drum, for its area to be hardened, defines the spot width to be used.
  • the spot width is determined by the complex relationship between the material, beam parameters at the point of action and the desired wear or hardness result. Existing differences in intensity across the spot width require a corresponding safety difference to the melting temperature in order not to get any superficial melting. As a result, however, the desired target parameters, such as. B. the hardening depth, reduced and in total only partially used the wire drawing drum material used with regard to its wear and / or hardening capacity.
  • the spot width is set in the method according to the invention in such a way that it is possible to work as close as possible to the melting temperature. Spot widths with which a ratio of the geometry diameter to be hardened to the spot width of 50: 1 to 65: 1 can be maintained have proven successful. The described definitions / limitations of the spot are taken into account by the optics of the beam guidance and shaping.
  • the distance between the wear-resistant traces or the hardness traces (5) is set such that the tensile residual stresses develop in unhardened intermediate zones and wear-resistant traces (5) are generated with optimal compressive residual stresses.
  • the zone of wire, rope and / or wire rope running surface which is at risk of wear is thus only partially refined or hardened.
  • the simple adjustment of the hardening regime to the respective geometry of the drawing drum affects not only the diameter and height of the component or the width of the area of the drum that is at risk of wear, but the shape and size of the laser spot can also be adapted to the radius of the throat area between the cylinder part and the brim of the drawing drum insofar as this makes the required hardness depth, track width or the duration of treatment reasonable.
  • each individual track runs across the entire width of the wear zone.
  • the track offset (2) of the hardness track is chosen or set so large that
  • the set track offset is set in the CNC traversing program of the processing station.
  • the portioned introduction of heat from track to track with a simultaneous offset by an angle ⁇ ensures that, firstly, the objectives of the required hardness and hardening depth are secured, secondly, through the uniform heating of the component the extent of minimal thermal distortion (heat distortion) and thus minimal reworking, and thirdly, the material-dependent critical cooling times can be adhered to and practically implemented in any case.
  • an optimized tracking is realized, which at the same time ensures that the internal tensions achievable with the laser treatment are placed or arranged in a particularly favorable position for loading (wear loading) and thus additionally increase wear resistance, the laser radiation parameters with regard to various influencing variables, in particular the material and its existing heat treatment state (thermal history) and the component geometry, and in particular the wall thicknesses in the wear zone area and the wear zone width itself, are optimized.
  • the invention 1 7 In contrast to the known prior art, which has always been tried and sought to harden the wear zone as close as possible in order to achieve a uniform surface hardness in the wear zone, and taking into account the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention 1 7
  • Figure 2 a - 2 c exemplarily the shape and dimensions of
  • FIG. 3 a belonging to FIG. 2 a
  • FIG. 3 b belonging to FIG. 2 b
  • FIG. 3 c belonging to FIG. 2 c
  • the method according to the invention is exemplified for the laser hardening of the wear zone of cable drums for wire drawing machines (wire drawing drums).
  • Wire drawing drums consist of a cylindrical body (wall thickness from 10 mm) with one or more brims of different widths (see FIGS. 2a-2c) and the throat with different transition radii R between the brim and the cylindrical part.
  • the diameter of the wire drawing drums is between 300 and 1,000 mm. Height and weight vary widely.
  • the materials used are tempered steels (e.g. 58CrV4), cast steel (e.g. GS 45) and cast iron (e.g. GGG 60).
  • the wear zone 1 resulting therefrom is outlined in FIGS. 2a-2c and 3a-3c.
  • the wear zone includes the throat, part of the brim (from the throat a maximum of 50 mm wide) and part of the cylindrical surface above the brim (about 60 mm above the throat).
  • FIG. 1 The hardening of the wear zone according to the invention by means of laser radiation is shown in FIG. 1.
  • 45 ° was selected for the track angle (4) (angle between the hardness track (5) and the longitudinal axis of the wire drawing drum).
  • Each individual hardness track (5) thus runs across the entire width of the wear zone (1).
  • a portal with 6 axes of movement (3 Cartesian axes, 2 axes of rotation of the processing head and one axis of rotation for the wire drawing drum) was used for the 3-D processing of the wire drawing drums with brim. This ensured that both the angle of incidence of the laser beam of 90 ° and the speed of rotation between the laser spot and the surface of the wire-drawing drum were kept constant even with continuous hardening of the transition from the cylindrical surface to the brim.
  • the required hardening depth is approx. 1 mm, usually 1.0-1.2 mm.
  • Laser power of 5 kW is sufficient for tracking according to the invention.
  • the wire drawing drums were hardened with the RS 6000 laser, whereby a hardening depth of 1.2 mm was achieved.
  • the radiation parameters are determined using the GEOPT PC program.
  • the parameters can be considered taking into account the given boundary conditions with regard to the track width (3) as well as with regard to the transition radius (R).
  • the track offset (2) of the hardness track is chosen or set so large that
  • the set track offset is set in the CNC travel program of the machining station.
  • the adaptation of the hardening regime to the respective geometry of the drawing drum not only affects the diameter and height of the component or the width of the area of the drum that is at risk of wear, but the shape and size of the laser spot can also be adapted to the radius of the throat area between the cylinder part and the brim of the drawing drum. as far as this makes the required hardness depths, track widths or the duration of treatment reasonable.
  • the laser treatment is carried out according to FIG. 1, the resulting movement between the axis of rotation and the machining head axes being set such that the tracks are arranged at an angle (4) of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the wire drawing drum.
  • the start and end point of the machining lengths (tracks) are selected so that the wear zone (1) is irradiated with 60 mm on the cylindrical section and 50 mm on the brim of the wire drawing drum.
  • the angle (4) of the track (5) in the example with 45 ° is always acute to the direction of the rope on the Arrange wire drawing drum (more favorable wear behavior). This is taken into account or set by the direction of rotation of the axis of rotation, with knowledge of the later installation position of the wire drawing drum. If these optimized conditions are observed, no impression of hard and soft structural areas of the wire drawing drum is observed on the wire surface (scaling), which would ultimately mean a lack of quality.
  • a protective gas nozzle adapted to the geometry of the wire drawing drum (cylinder, groove with radius (R) and brim) and carried by the machining head ensures stable nitrogen purging.
  • the traces of hardness (5) with the track offset (2) are evenly distributed over the circumference of the wire drawing drum.
  • track angle (4), track width (3) and track offset (2) it is ensured that the tensile stresses develop in the unhardened intermediate zones and that optimal hard residual stresses are retained in the hardness tracks (5) and there is no drop in hardness due to tempering.
  • the heat that is introduced in portions and in a distributed manner results in a uniform, symmetrical heating of the wire drawing drum.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, câbles et/ou câbles métalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises à des contraintes et résistant à l'usure, en particulier de surfaces de tambours de machines à tréfiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs, par trempe de transformation en couche marginale, raffinage, alliage ou revêtement dans des pistes trempées de dimensions adaptées au composant et à l'utilisation, procédé selon lequel l'énergie est appliquée, de façon proportionnée, piste par piste, suivant un processus de trempe non conventionnel, par exemple par trempe au laser ou par bombardement électronique. Conformément à l'invention, les pistes trempées (5) sont disposées parallèlement entre elles, mais inclinées à un angle (4) inférieur à 90° par rapport à l'axe de rotatation de la surface de support pour fils, câbles et/ou câbles métalliques, soumise à l'usure, lesdites pistes trempées (5) étant décalées sur la périphérie de la surface de support, de manière à obtenir sur celle-ci un effet thermique réglé le plus possible symétriquement.
PCT/DE1995/000781 1994-06-17 1995-06-12 Procede de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, cables et/ou cables metalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises a des contraintes et resistant a l'usure, en particulier, de surfaces de tambours de machines a trefiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs WO1995035173A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL95317970A PL175277B1 (pl) 1994-06-17 1995-06-12 Sposób wytwarzania odpornych na zużycie w stopniu odpowiadającym obciążeniom, przemieszczających się obrotowo powierzchni bieżno-nośnych dla drutu, lin i/lub lin drucianych, zwłaszcza powierzchni bębnów ciągarek do drutu w ciągarkach lub podobnych rolek transportowych i bębnów
EP95921696A EP0760720A1 (fr) 1994-06-17 1995-06-12 Procede de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, cables et/ou cables metalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises a des contraintes et resistant a l'usure, en particulier, de surfaces de tambours de machines a trefiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4421238.0 1994-06-17
DE19944421238 DE4421238C2 (de) 1994-06-17 1994-06-17 Verfahren zur Herstellung beanspruchungsgerecht verschleißfester, rotierend bewegter Draht-, Seil- und/oder Drahtseillaufflächen, insbesondere Oberflächen von Drahtziehtrommeln aus Drahtziehmaschinen oder ähnlichen Transportrollen oder Trommeln

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995035173A1 true WO1995035173A1 (fr) 1995-12-28

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ID=6520840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1995/000781 WO1995035173A1 (fr) 1994-06-17 1995-06-12 Procede de fabrication de surfaces de support pour fils, cables et/ou cables metalliques, mobiles en rotation, soumises a des contraintes et resistant a l'usure, en particulier, de surfaces de tambours de machines a trefiler ou de cylindres ou tambours analogues pour convoyeurs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0760720A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ360596A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE4421238C2 (fr)
PL (1) PL175277B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995035173A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2462516C2 (ru) * 2010-11-13 2012-09-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт электрофизической аппаратуры им. Д.В. Ефремова" Способ поверхностной обработки изделий из жаропрочных сплавов
CN110643788A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-03 上海赛科利汽车模具技术应用有限公司 一种拉延模r凸角激光淬火路径线选择方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170298990A1 (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-19 Caterpillar Inc. Self-lubricating roller bearing and methods of making and using self-lubricating roller bearing
CN111690800B (zh) * 2020-06-16 2022-02-18 北京首钢吉泰安新材料有限公司 拉丝机塔轮用钢及其制备方法、拉丝机塔轮及应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE124825C (fr) *
DE888834C (de) * 1951-05-18 1953-09-03 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Drahtziehtrommel
GB901527A (en) * 1958-04-22 1962-07-18 Cyril George Pullin Improvements relating to the drawing of metallic wires, particularly ferrous wires
US4452647A (en) * 1980-07-07 1984-06-05 Valmet Oy Hard-surfaced cast iron articles and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3343783C1 (de) * 1983-12-03 1984-07-05 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Verfahren zur Herstellung verschleissfester Zylinderlaufflaechen von Brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE124825C (fr) *
DE888834C (de) * 1951-05-18 1953-09-03 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Drahtziehtrommel
GB901527A (en) * 1958-04-22 1962-07-18 Cyril George Pullin Improvements relating to the drawing of metallic wires, particularly ferrous wires
US4452647A (en) * 1980-07-07 1984-06-05 Valmet Oy Hard-surfaced cast iron articles and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2462516C2 (ru) * 2010-11-13 2012-09-27 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский институт электрофизической аппаратуры им. Д.В. Ефремова" Способ поверхностной обработки изделий из жаропрочных сплавов
CN110643788A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-03 上海赛科利汽车模具技术应用有限公司 一种拉延模r凸角激光淬火路径线选择方法
CN110643788B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2021-07-23 上海赛科利汽车模具技术应用有限公司 一种拉延模r凸角激光淬火路径线选择方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL175277B1 (pl) 1998-12-31
PL317970A1 (en) 1997-05-12
EP0760720A1 (fr) 1997-03-12
DE4421238C2 (de) 1996-07-11
DE4421238A1 (de) 1995-12-21
CZ360596A3 (cs) 1998-03-18

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