WO1995033271A1 - Interrupteur a action brusque, a deplacement rectiligne du contact et systeme d'interrupteur associe - Google Patents

Interrupteur a action brusque, a deplacement rectiligne du contact et systeme d'interrupteur associe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995033271A1
WO1995033271A1 PCT/EP1995/001859 EP9501859W WO9533271A1 WO 1995033271 A1 WO1995033271 A1 WO 1995033271A1 EP 9501859 W EP9501859 W EP 9501859W WO 9533271 A1 WO9533271 A1 WO 9533271A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
switch
switch according
switching
switching element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1995/001859
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Neubauer
Original Assignee
Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh filed Critical Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh
Priority to DE59503278T priority Critical patent/DE59503278D1/de
Priority to HU9603267A priority patent/HU220519B1/hu
Priority to MX9605593A priority patent/MX9605593A/es
Priority to EP95922456A priority patent/EP0763247B1/fr
Publication of WO1995033271A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995033271A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/10—Bases; Stationary contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/04—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
    • H01H5/045—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members making use of cooperating spring loaded wedging or camming parts between operating member and contact structure

Definitions

  • Snap-action switches are regularly provided with a movable, preferably pivotable, contact lever, on which a switching element acts via spring action.
  • the contact piece is usually moved by a plunger that can be moved in a straight direction.
  • the spring In order to achieve a sudden switching action, depending on the movement of the switching element, the spring first acts above and then below the longitudinal axis of the pivotable contact lever. As a result, a sudden reversal of the torque acting on the contact lever is achieved.
  • a snap switch is described, for example, in DE-PS 29 28 214.
  • a disadvantage of the snap switch described there may be that the contact force of the contact lever shortly before the switchover process goes to zero, so that the switch contact is no longer securely in place shortly before the switchover, which leads to an increase in the switch resistance shortly before the switchover and to an increase Wear can result from arcing and the like.
  • P 39 42 925 has therefore started to guide the switching piece in the housing on a straight path extending essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the contact lever.
  • a disadvantage of this known switch is, however, that its housing is integrated in one piece in the supporting body, ie the housing of the switch and the supporting body itself are molded in one piece from plastic. If several switches are used, the switch housings can be Therefore, the switch should only be fitted in the direction of the support body, i.e. perpendicular to the support body level. However, fitting parallel to the plane of movement of the contact lever is comparatively complex and can only be successfully carried out manually.
  • the invention is therefore based on a switch which results from the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to facilitate the equipping of the switch and to design the switch in such a way that mechanical equipping is possible.
  • the invention therefore consists, in contrast to the switch known from P 39 42 925, of providing the switch with its own housing which is independent of the support body on which the switches are seated, and dividing it asymmetrically in such a way that it can be equipped from the side.
  • each switch can be equipped separately from the side according to the requirements placed on it, the entire side surface of the switch being available as the mounting surface.
  • the undercuts are in this direction individual switch elements also comparatively small, so that, if necessary, two pre-assembled components can be inserted together into the first housing part.
  • the feature combination according to claim 2 is recommended in a further development of the invention.
  • the formation of the corresponding chambers and recesses ensures that all components of the switch are adequately fixed in the first housing part after the assembly , so that the second housing part can be snapped on in a second assembly step, possibly at a spatially separate location, and the individual components can thus also be finally locked at the same time.
  • the connecting pieces can be arranged on one or on both sides of the contact lever, which lead to fixed contacts, that is to say laterally offset to the plane of movement of the contact lever.
  • connection piece forming the bearing for the pivotable contact lever also adjoins a housing wall, on the side of the contact lever facing away from the spline.
  • the measures shown in claim 6 are recommended for fastening the connection pieces to the housing.
  • the connection piece can be inserted into corresponding receptacles or chambers that are open toward the second housing part, wherein the connection pieces can simultaneously serve to reinforce the plastic housing.
  • ⁇ contacts are opposite each other above and below the contact lever, but on the other hand the connections are laterally offset out of the housing.
  • the switch can also be equipped mechanically if it is designed as a changeover switch in which the contacts are aligned on a line.
  • a further improvement with regard to the connecting pieces can be achieved by the measures specified in claim 8, the measures proposed here simultaneously contributing to locking, but also to chip removal in the interior of the housing.
  • An additional securing of the connectors can be achieved by measures according to claim 9.
  • the feature combination according to claim 10 is recommended in a further development of the invention.
  • the second housing part acting as a cover for the first housing part is therefore reduced as far as possible to a frame which the task is to secure the components inserted into the interior of the switch when the first housing part is locked, the preferably relatively large third recess ensuring adequate ventilation of the interior of the switch.
  • the two latched housing parts forming the housing can at the same time, according to claim 11, also form a guide link for the switching piece, so that the switching piece itself can also be inserted from the open side of the first housing part.
  • the measure according to claim 12 is used. Thereafter, protrusions protruding from the second housing part protrude in the assembly direction into the first housing part into it so that the components are held in their assembled position by the first housing part after their assembly. Because of the small spatial dimensions, the high load capacity and the great adaptability to different switching tasks, the switch according to the invention is excellently suited for a combination in switching systems. Instead of a structure of a complicated switch performing different switching tasks, a combination of several switches according to the invention is therefore proposed.
  • the combination of features according to claim 13 is used in particular, the adjoining connection of the individual switches not only leading to space savings, but at the same time also contributing to an increase in the forces which can be absorbed by the switching system.
  • a complex combined switch such as a steering column switch, can be represented by the combination of features according to claim 14, in that the steering column switch only consists of a carrier body which is appropriately latched with the suitable designs of the present switch according to the invention.
  • a different arrangement of the individual switches from one another is recommended. If the switching action is to take place, for example, by a movement of a large-area actuating element in the longitudinal direction of the switching pieces, then, for example, entire rows of pairs of switches arranged symmetrically to one another can be joined together and actuated. If the actuating element moves perpendicular to the direction of movement of the switching pieces, then a row of a plurality of switching ter are simultaneously controlled by the actuating element.
  • the switching movement can also take place transversely to the level of the switch.
  • the line can additionally be formed by symmetrical pairs of switches. However, the individual switch pairs are actuated one after the other in time.
  • the switches in the switch system are to be actuated as changeover switches, the combination of features according to claim 17 is recommended in order to create the necessary space for the claw to engage the guide shoulder of the individual switches.
  • the switches can also be arranged opposite one another at a distance from one another. In this case, line formation is also possible in which a plurality of switch pairs are arranged next to one another.
  • the cooling effect of the system can be improved by spacing the switches arranged next to one another, by preventing the first housing part of a switch from covering the opening in the second housing part of another switch too strongly.
  • the feature combination according to claim 18 is recommended in a further development of the invention Cable wires to be connected with the connecting wires welding or soldering, but by means of a contact sleeve known per se, which is plugged onto the switch connection designed as a connector, permanent contact between the incoming line and the switch connection is guaranteed even without a soldered connection.
  • the securing sleeve or contact sleeve can be made of plastic. As a result, the necessary elasticity of the securing sleeve can be easily achieved at low manufacturing costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional representation of two switches which are locked symmetrically to one another in a support body to form a switch system
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the switch system of FIG. 1, in which the housing has been partially cut open,
  • 3 - 5 a third connector in front view, side view and top view
  • FIG. 9 shows a first connection piece as a bearing for the contact lever
  • 10 shows a modified switch according to FIG. 1 with a normally open contact
  • FIG. 11 shows a modified switch according to FIG. 1 with work contact and normally closed contact and
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 shows a switch according to FIGS. 10 and 11, which was designed as a changeover switch.
  • a housing 1 which consists of a first housing part 2 and a second housing part 3.
  • the first housing part 2 accommodates the individual components belonging to the switch in its interior 4, while the second housing part 3 functions as a cover-shaped side wall of the housing 1 and can be snapped onto the first housing part 2.
  • the second housing part 3 also takes over the spatial security of the individual components, and prevents them from moving out of the interior of the first housing part or in any other direction that is inappropriate for the functioning of these components.
  • a movable contact lever 5 is provided in the switch, which is pivotably mounted in a cutting bearing 6 in a manner known per se and carries a movable contact 7.
  • a wedge profile 8 is attached to the free end of the contact lever 5.
  • the circular profile 8 has two mutually inclined support surfaces 9 and 10 which are acted upon by a shift drum 11, on which in turn a spiral shift spring 12 acts.
  • the switching drum 11 acts on the support surface 10 and exerts a clockwise torque on the contact lever 5, so that its movable contact 7 acts on a stationary contact 13.
  • This state represents the idle state of the switch and the fixed contact 13 thus forms a normally closed contact of the switch.
  • the shift drum 11 with the shift spring 12 acting on it is mounted in a longitudinally movable contact piece 14 which is held in its rest position by a spiral return spring 15.
  • the two ends of the shift drum 11 are guided in two mutually parallel and opposite guide grooves 53, so that the drum is able to move in the horizontal direction under the action of the spring 12 in FIG. 1.
  • the switching drum 11 acts on the support surface 9 and pivots the contact lever 5 in FIG. 1 upward until the movable contact 7 comes into contact with its upper half in FIG. 1 with a second fixed contact 17 that the fixed contact 17 acts as a working contact.
  • the contact lever 5 remains in this position as long as the contact piece remains in the depressed position described last.
  • the movable contact lever is supported by a cutting bearing 6 against a first connecting piece 18, which, like the connecting pieces to be described later, also merges into a connecting lug 19 which forms the electrical connection for the movable contact 7. Details of the construction of the first connector 18 with its connecting lug 19 are shown in FIG. 9. In the usual manner, as indicated in FIG. 2, a projection 20 of the contact lever 5 is supported in an opening 21 of the connector 18 against lateral displacements .
  • the fixed contacts 13 and 17 are also fastened to second and third connecting pieces 22, 23, which likewise open into connecting lugs 24, 25, the connecting lug 25 not visible in the sectional view in FIG. 1 being indicated by broken lines.
  • the second and third connecting piece can be found in FIGS. 6 to 9 and 3 to 4, respectively. It can be seen from these figures that, for example, the connecting piece 22 is guided along the lower side wall 26 of the first housing part 2 and is then bent towards the viewer in order to receive the fixed contact 17. The second connection piece 22 is thus located behind the movable contact lever 5 without contact.
  • the third connecting piece 23 in front of the sectional plane in FIG. 1 leads upward in the area of the inner surface of the second housing part 3 and then bends away from the viewer perpendicularly to the reception of the stationary resting contact 13 from.
  • the major part of the connecting piece 23 is only drawn in broken lines.
  • recesses for receiving the connecting pieces 18, 22, 23 are provided in each of the two housing parts 2 and 3, the recesses being made where the connecting pieces run along the inner walls of the housing 1 .
  • These chambers or recesses are regularly open to the viewer, so that the connecting pieces can be inserted into the intended chambers perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1.
  • the process contributes to both saving space and securing the position of the connecting pieces.
  • the securing of the position of the connecting pieces is further improved in that securing pins cast onto the plastic housing protrude through corresponding holes in the connecting pieces 22, 23 and thus additionally secure against falling out of the first housing part 2 during assembly.
  • the wedge profile is assigned to the switching plunger or the switching piece. Structurally, however, there is a considerable simplification if the switching element and wedge profile according to the combination of features according to claim 21 is divided between the switching piece and the contact lever. Since the switching piece has to be sufficiently large to accommodate the actuating forces of the switch, a space for accommodating the switching element under spring force can also be arranged more easily here. Since the switching piece also does not need to transmit any electrical currents, it can also be molded entirely from plastic, so that a complex shape can be easily achieved here.
  • the switching piece (16) moves in the same direction as the switching plunger (46). It must therefore be prevented that the contact piece falls out of the housing and, moreover, it must be ensured that the contact piece can only travel a distance suitable for the switching operation.
  • stops attached to the contact piece are used. When selecting these stops, the combination of features according to claim 24 is particularly recommended, according to which the guide approaches, which are necessary anyway, are simultaneously used as stops.
  • the switch according to the invention If you want to use the switch according to the invention as a normally open contact and / or a normally closed contact, you have to ensure that the contact piece assumes a certain position (working position) only as long as a force is exerted on the actuating plunger or in the switch according to the invention on the switch ⁇ piece itself. To achieve this, we recommend Formation of the invention, the combination of features according to claim 25. However, it is also possible to design the switch according to the invention as a changeover switch, it being possible to dispense with the spring mentioned in connection with claim 25. In this case, however, it must be ensured that two stops are provided for the switching element, which limit the movement of the switching element in its longitudinal direction up and down. The force required to hold the switching element in one of the two switching positions is then exerted exclusively by the biasing spring which serves for switching in the switching element itself and which must be dimensioned accordingly. In addition, the switching piece must be drivable from the outside in two directions.
  • the tappet is preferably formed in the switch according to the invention in accordance with the combination of features according to claim 26.
  • the actuating approach thus takes over the task of the known switching tappet (see DE-PS 39 40 285).
  • the combination of features according to claim 7 shows a further development of the actuation approach of the switching element, so that it can also be actuated by forces running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the switching element.
  • the additional application of the features according to claim 25 is particularly recommended, since otherwise a separate setting must be provided, which conveys the contact piece pressed in by the wedge action when the switching plunger moves transversely backwards.
  • a particularly favorable arrangement of the actuating projection within the housing results from the combination of features according to claim 29. It is particularly advantageous that the actuating projection, which does not exceed the contour of the housing, remains ineffective for switching purposes of the switch and does not interfere when several switches are in the area of the switch.
  • the second recess can be arranged adjacent to one another, in which case the switches can be actuated directly, for example, via the switching elements.
  • the guide projection can also be used as a stop for the movement of the switching element, the two fingers additionally also counteracting a torque exerted on the switching element able, which tries to tip the contact piece out of the second recess.
  • the first housing part is an essentially closed housing part that is open towards only one side, into which the individual components can be inserted through the open side.
  • the individual parts are constructed in such a way that they can be mechanically inserted into the first housing part predominantly simultaneously and otherwise, taking into account a predetermined sequence one after the other, by essentially the same movement.
  • the latched fastening of the second housing part 3 to the first housing part 2 after the assembly of the components contributes to securing them in position.
  • the second housing part 3 has projections not visible from the drawing, which, for example, project downward through the space delimited by the first housing part 2 perpendicular to the viewer plane and are supported, for example, on the second connecting piece 22. Movement of this connector from the plane of FIG. 1 to the viewer is thus additionally prevented.
  • a receptacle 30 in the second housing part serving as a cover by means of which the end of the second connection piece 22 carrying the fixed contact 17 and which is bent towards the viewer in FIG. 1 is secured.
  • the connecting pieces In order to have the largest possible distance of the connecting lugs 19, 24, 25 from one another and at the same time to place the two fixed contacts relative to the movable contact 7 in one plane, the connecting pieces have inclined or offset sections 31 and 32 (FIGS. 6 and Fig. 3).
  • the novel type of movement and direction of movement of the switching element 14 results in a particularly short construction of the switch in the longitudinal direction of the movable contact lever 5.
  • the construction and arrangement of the switching element 14 offers a whole series of further advantages .
  • the function of the actuating plunger 46 from DE-PS 39 40 285 can be easily integrated into the switching element 14.
  • the plunger is formed by an extension 33 protruding from the housing 1, which also has a run-up slope 34. It is thus possible to actuate the tappet both by a force P1 acting vertically from above and a force P2 acting laterally.
  • a plurality of switches which are arranged adjacent to one another in accordance with FIG. 1 can also be actuated simultaneously.
  • the switches are kept so small in space, that several of these switches can be snapped into correspondingly provided bays of a support body 35. 2, more than one pair of switches according to FIG. 1 can also be connected in series, so that not only bays 36 and 37, as in FIG. 2, but also only partially indicated bays 38 and 39 or more bays can be occupied by switches. All of these switches can be switched with the aid of a single actuation movement in the direction P1 of an actuation element.
  • the switches can either have only one normally open contact (see also FIG. 10), one normally open contact and one normally closed contact (see FIG.
  • switches 11 may also be configured as change-over switches (see FIG. 12). If one wants to switch several switches by moving an actuating element in the direction P2, then only the bays 36, 38 and bays following in this direction or the bays 37, 39 and other bays in this direction can be occupied by switches, for example his. As already explained above, the individual switches are installed in the bays of the supporting body 35 by a suitable latching connection, for example by providing the side walls of the bay and / or the switches with resilient latching lugs.
  • a guide projection 40 is used, which is guided in a slot-shaped recess in the housing 1.
  • This guide attachment has engagement surfaces 41, 42 both for an upward and for a downward force, so that the contact piece 14 can be moved up or down against the force of the spring 12 and remains there in contact with the movable contact 7 on one of the two fixed contacts 13, 17 until it is moved again in the opposite direction.
  • the return spring 15 has no task in this case and can therefore be omitted, as is also shown in FIG. 12.
  • the slot in the housing 1 guiding the guide projection 40 merges as the first recess into the second recess in the housing 1, through which the extension 33 of the contact piece 14 projects outwards.
  • the housing has no edge in the area of these two recesses, which enables free access to the switching element 14 from different directions.
  • the guide lugs 43, 44 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2) of the switching piece 14 serve simultaneously as a stop for the switching piece 14 in the housing 1 limit the movement of the switching element 14 on the basis of the force of the springs 15.
  • two holding fingers 45, 46 can also be provided, which limit the movement of the switching element 14 in FIG. 1 upward and in the horizontal direction in accordance with the force P2.
  • the switch according to the invention can be inserted excellently into a switch system which can take on a wide variety of switching tasks.
  • the different switch variations shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 can be used in combination.
  • An essential task of the switch according to the invention are control tasks in vehicles.
  • the connection tabs 19, 24, 25 have elastic spring legs 47, 48, which have on their outer surface opposite and preferably circular sector-shaped recesses 49, 55, onto which contact sleeves 50 can be snapped on.
  • These contact sleeves have non-detachable connections to connecting wires or similar connecting elements, not shown.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 it is also indicated that the first connector 19 can also be placed in the plane of the remaining connectors. It is also possible to put all three connectors on a common level.
  • the last-mentioned figures also show circular openings in the housing which serve to lock the housing parts.
  • FIG. 11 furthermore shows the possibility of replacing the extension 33 according to FIG. 1 by a pivotable shift lever 51 which can be rotated about a pivot point 52 in the housing due to the force Pl and thus actuates the switching element 14.
  • the switch according to the invention is particularly suitable for the transmission of large powers.
  • the heat generated in this way can advantageously be dissipated through openings made in the housing 1.
  • a particularly large opening can be made centrally in the second housing part 3, while the edge regions of the second housing part serve for locking with the first housing part and, by means of corresponding, protruding projections, for locking some components previously inserted into the first housing part 2.
  • An annular space which tapers conically towards the bottom can be provided there for receiving the return spring 15 in the switching piece.
  • the dimensions of the annular space are such that the spring lies on the floor after being pressed into the annular space, but at the same time it cannot fall out of the annular space due to the static friction (see FIGS. 10 to 12).
  • Such a construction is advantageous for the assembly of the switching piece, since it can thus be completely stored, transported and used.

Abstract

L'invention a pour but de créer un interrupteur à bascule de faible encombrement et à montage automatique, réalisé sous la forme d'un micro-interrupteur. Ce but est atteint grâce au fait que le boîtier du micro-interrupteur est composé de deux moitiés séparées asymétriques, dont l'interface s'étend le long du bord de l'une des grandes faces latérales. Ceci permet d'obtenir une fenêtre d'assemblage relativement grande et, du fait du nombre réduit de contre-dépouilles des composants, une orientation des pièces avantageuses. A ceci s'ajoute le fait que l'interrupteur peut facilement s'adapter à différentes applications en n'apportant que des modifications mineures aux composants assemblés mécaniquement.
PCT/EP1995/001859 1994-05-28 1995-05-16 Interrupteur a action brusque, a deplacement rectiligne du contact et systeme d'interrupteur associe WO1995033271A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59503278T DE59503278D1 (de) 1994-05-28 1995-05-16 Schnappschalter mit gerader bewegung des schaltstücks sowie schaltersystem hierzu
HU9603267A HU220519B1 (hu) 1994-05-28 1995-05-16 Villamos csappanókapcsoló egyenes vonalúan mozgó kapcsolótaggal, valamint kapcsolórendszer
MX9605593A MX9605593A (es) 1995-05-16 1995-05-16 Interruptores de ruptura brusca con desplazamiento recto de la pieza de contacto y sistema de interrupcion.
EP95922456A EP0763247B1 (fr) 1994-05-28 1995-05-16 Interrupteur a action brusque, a deplacement rectiligne du contact et systeme d'interrupteur associe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4418707.6 1994-05-28
DE4418707A DE4418707A1 (de) 1994-05-28 1994-05-28 Schnappschalter mit gerader Bewegung des Schaltstücks sowie Schaltersystem hierzu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995033271A1 true WO1995033271A1 (fr) 1995-12-07

Family

ID=6519231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1995/001859 WO1995033271A1 (fr) 1994-05-28 1995-05-16 Interrupteur a action brusque, a deplacement rectiligne du contact et systeme d'interrupteur associe

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0763247B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4418707A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2119452T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU220519B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995033271A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113192789A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-30 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种柱上隔离开关及其接线端子

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DE19629006A1 (de) * 1996-07-18 1998-01-22 Teves Gmbh Alfred Schnappschalter mit verstärktem Druckpunkt
DE19651872A1 (de) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
DE19705411C2 (de) * 1997-02-13 1999-09-02 Thermik Geraetebau Gmbh Halter für einen temperaturabhängigen Schalter
DE102004001939A1 (de) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-04 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrisches Schaltgerät

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FR1571249A (fr) * 1967-10-30 1969-06-13
US5043545A (en) * 1988-06-02 1991-08-27 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. Microswitch
DE3942925A1 (de) * 1989-12-23 1991-06-27 Swf Auto Electric Gmbh Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere blinkerschalter fuer kraftfahrzeuge

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113192789A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-30 天津平高智能电气有限公司 一种柱上隔离开关及其接线端子

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4418707A1 (de) 1995-11-30
ES2119452T3 (es) 1998-10-01
HU220519B1 (hu) 2002-03-28
DE59503278D1 (de) 1998-09-24
HUT75814A (en) 1997-05-28
EP0763247B1 (fr) 1998-08-19
HU9603267D0 (en) 1997-01-28
EP0763247A1 (fr) 1997-03-19

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