WO1995030029A1 - Materiau composite auto-lubrifiant a haute resistance utilise a haute temperature et son procede de production - Google Patents
Materiau composite auto-lubrifiant a haute resistance utilise a haute temperature et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995030029A1 WO1995030029A1 PCT/JP1995/000856 JP9500856W WO9530029A1 WO 1995030029 A1 WO1995030029 A1 WO 1995030029A1 JP 9500856 W JP9500856 W JP 9500856W WO 9530029 A1 WO9530029 A1 WO 9530029A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- composite material
- alloy
- matrix
- lubricating
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910020938 Sn-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910008937 Sn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102100026816 DNA-dependent metalloprotease SPRTN Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710175461 DNA-dependent metalloprotease SPRTN Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000545794 Glossiphonia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 knead well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/148—Agglomerating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/10—Inert gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
Definitions
- the ratio of the graph eye Doo and WS 2 are, by volume, 1 5: 1 to 1: 1, the lubricant particles are spherical or pre over preparative column preparative like form,
- the pressure molding is performed by a mold press or a hydrostatic press.
- (6) The method for producing a high-strength high-temperature self-lubricating composite material according to (6), wherein the molding pressure is set to 100 to 50 OMPa.
- Cu spherical particles having an average particle size of 10 im.
- Fig. 1 shows a manufacturing flow chart
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/732,317 US5714700A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | High strength self-lubricating composite material for high temperature and production method of the same |
KR1019960706018A KR100206502B1 (ko) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | 고강도 고온용 자기 윤활성 복합 재료 및 그의 제조 방법 |
EP95917495A EP0769562A4 (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | HIGH-STRENGTH SELF-LUBRICATING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
JP52812295A JP3782446B2 (ja) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | 高強度高温用自己潤滑性複合材料およびその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6/92455 | 1994-04-28 | ||
JP9245594 | 1994-04-28 | ||
JP6/241487 | 1994-10-05 | ||
JP24148794 | 1994-10-05 | ||
JP7/11801 | 1995-01-27 | ||
JP1180195 | 1995-01-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995030029A1 true WO1995030029A1 (fr) | 1995-11-09 |
Family
ID=27279588
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1995/000856 WO1995030029A1 (fr) | 1994-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | Materiau composite auto-lubrifiant a haute resistance utilise a haute temperature et son procede de production |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5714700A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0769562A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3782446B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100206502B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1047805C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995030029A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5714700A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-02-03 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High strength self-lubricating composite material for high temperature and production method of the same |
CN113389816A (zh) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | 一种高承载自润滑复合轴套制备方法及装置 |
Families Citing this family (26)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6099974A (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2000-08-08 | Thermal Spray Technologies, Inc. | Coating that enables soldering to non-solderable surfaces |
CN1088114C (zh) * | 1999-12-18 | 2002-07-24 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 锡青铜基自润滑复合材料 |
DE10201923B4 (de) * | 2002-01-19 | 2006-05-24 | Deutsche Carbone Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gleitkontaktstücks für mittlere bis hohe Stromdichten |
US6641632B1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2003-11-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Polishing compositions and use thereof |
US20060029494A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2006-02-09 | General Electric Company | High temperature ceramic lubricant |
US7220098B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2007-05-22 | General Electric Company | Wear resistant variable stator vane assemblies |
US20050042976A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Low friction planarizing/polishing pads and use thereof |
AT413034B (de) * | 2003-10-08 | 2005-10-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Legierung, insbesondere für eine gleitschicht |
US7479174B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-01-20 | Mitsubishi Materials Pmg Corporation | Inner rotor and outer rotor of internal gear pump |
FR2880564B1 (fr) * | 2005-01-12 | 2008-07-25 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | "melange de poudres apte a etre fritte pour former un materiau solide autolubrifiant" |
US7543992B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2009-06-09 | General Electric Company | High temperature rod end bearings |
KR20070067801A (ko) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-29 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 자동차 에어컨 사판용 용사분말 조성물 및 이를 이용한자동차 에어컨용 사판의 제조방법 |
DE102009022982A1 (de) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach | Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Hochtemperaturschmiermittels |
EP2511388B1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2018-03-14 | Diamet Corporation | Sintered sliding member |
CN102703791A (zh) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡润鹏复合新材料有限公司 | 一种添加ws2的高温耐磨自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN103710569B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-10-19 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种含稀土的Cu-Ni-Fe合金惰性阳极材料及其热处理方法 |
CN103757464A (zh) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-30 | 江苏大学 | 一种铜基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 |
WO2015105089A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-07 | 2015-07-16 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 補修方法および補修材 |
JP6769007B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-10-14 | 株式会社ダイヤメット | モータ式燃料ポンプ用焼結軸受及びその製造方法 |
CN109488226A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-19 | 东营咸亨工贸有限公司 | 一种防腐耐磨耐高温抽油杆扶正器 |
CN111664182A (zh) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-15 | 南京理工大学 | 一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法 |
CN112359273B (zh) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-08-05 | 武汉科技大学 | 一种高硬度的高碳中铬耐磨铸铁及其制备方法 |
CN112899521B (zh) * | 2021-01-14 | 2022-08-30 | 中南大学 | 一种Cu-Ni-Sn基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN113563938B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-07-15 | 南昌航空大学 | 一种层状结构的铜-二硫化钨自润滑复合材料、制备方法及应用 |
CN113681009B (zh) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-07-05 | 东北大学 | 摩擦氧化调控表面生成自补充润滑相复合材料及制备方法 |
CN114799616B (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-20 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 一种高熵金属间化合物材料及其制备方法与电子焊料 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62196351A (ja) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-08-29 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | 固体潤滑性複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JPH0499834A (ja) * | 1990-08-14 | 1992-03-31 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | 摺動材料 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS536605B2 (ja) * | 1972-05-12 | 1978-03-09 | ||
JPS5030706A (ja) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-03-27 | ||
JPS556695B2 (ja) * | 1974-12-28 | 1980-02-19 | ||
JPS5289509A (en) * | 1976-01-23 | 1977-07-27 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Wear-resistant composite materials |
US4505987A (en) * | 1981-11-10 | 1985-03-19 | Oiles Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member |
US5326384A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1994-07-05 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Sliding material |
JPH0762191B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-29 | 1995-07-05 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 焼結銅合金層を有する摺動部材 |
DE4121994C2 (de) * | 1991-07-03 | 1995-06-08 | Wieland Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kupfer-Nickel-Zinn-Legierung sowie ihre Verwendung |
JP2588096B2 (ja) * | 1992-05-20 | 1997-03-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 固体潤滑複合摺動材料およびその製造方法 |
JP3782446B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-28 | 2006-06-07 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高強度高温用自己潤滑性複合材料およびその製造方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-04-28 JP JP52812295A patent/JP3782446B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-28 CN CN95193289A patent/CN1047805C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-28 EP EP95917495A patent/EP0769562A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-04-28 KR KR1019960706018A patent/KR100206502B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-28 WO PCT/JP1995/000856 patent/WO1995030029A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-04-28 US US08/732,317 patent/US5714700A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62196351A (ja) * | 1986-02-25 | 1987-08-29 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | 固体潤滑性複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JPH0499834A (ja) * | 1990-08-14 | 1992-03-31 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | 摺動材料 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP0769562A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5714700A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1998-02-03 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High strength self-lubricating composite material for high temperature and production method of the same |
CN113389816A (zh) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | 一种高承载自润滑复合轴套制备方法及装置 |
CN113389816B (zh) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | 一种高承载自润滑复合轴套制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0769562A1 (en) | 1997-04-23 |
EP0769562A4 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
CN1149321A (zh) | 1997-05-07 |
JP3782446B2 (ja) | 2006-06-07 |
KR100206502B1 (ko) | 1999-07-01 |
KR970702934A (ko) | 1997-06-10 |
US5714700A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
CN1047805C (zh) | 1999-12-29 |
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