CN111664182A - 一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111664182A
CN111664182A CN202010452441.0A CN202010452441A CN111664182A CN 111664182 A CN111664182 A CN 111664182A CN 202010452441 A CN202010452441 A CN 202010452441A CN 111664182 A CN111664182 A CN 111664182A
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杨诗钰
兰江
黄钊炫
邱天旭
申小平
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
    • F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
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Abstract

本发明属于粉末冶金领域，具体涉及一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法。轴承包括环状轴体，在环状轴体的实体内部具有分布不均匀的18.0％～20.0％的可浸油孔隙。制备方法包括将Cu‑Sn粉、Ni粉和MoS2粉均匀混合，外加0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，进行压制成形，其中各组分的重量份数为：Cu 80.1～87.3，Sn 8.9～9.7，Ni 6.0～9.0，MoS2 1.0～2.0；然后控温800～820℃，在N2:H2＝5：1气氛下烧结；进行真空浸油1天；最后进行精整处理。本申请粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，硬度HV80以上，径向压溃强度170MPa以上，Ni和MoS2的加入分别提高了青铜基自润滑轴承的力学性能和摩擦学性能，因而提高了青铜基自润滑轴承的使用寿命，拓宽了青铜基自润滑轴承的应用领域。

Description

一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于粉末冶金领域，具体涉及一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，含油轴承的力学性能和摩擦学性能的提高是工业界重点关注之一，用于高强高速的工作环境。普通机械加工制造方法难以控制孔隙度，不利于有效减小摩擦系数和磨损量。
另外，青铜基含油轴承具有良好的导热性、抗咬合性、耐腐蚀性和较低摩擦因素，可用于高转速工作环境，但是相比铁基含油轴承，强度及抗负荷能力较低，不能用于高强度工作环境。
此外，目前对于含油轴承的摩擦性能研究较少，但是含油轴承的应用领域不断扩大，工作环境要求不断严格，所以含油轴承必须具有高强度、低摩擦系数、耐磨耐蚀的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承及其制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，包括环状的轴承主体，所述轴承主体具有分布不均匀的18％～20％的可浸油孔隙。
进一步的，所述轴承主体的材质为以重量百分比为Cu 80.1～87.3％，Sn8.9～9.7％，Ni 6.0～9.0％，MoS2 1.0～2.0％。
一种制备上述的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承的方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：均匀混合Cu粉、Sn粉、Ni粉、MoS2粉和外加的0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，根据25％孔隙率计算轴承主体的理论密度，放入液压成型机中压制成形，通过调整轴承主体的高度改变成品的体积，达到理论密度；
步骤(2)：把步骤(1)的产物放入铜烧培炉中进行烧结，控制烧结条件使得粉末间冶金连接并发生收缩，整体收缩率为1.5％～2.0％，孔隙率降低2.5％～5.5％；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)的产物在真空条件下，进行浸油工序，使得最终轴承主体的含油率为18.0％～20.0％。
步骤(4)：对步骤(3)的产物进行精整工序，制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
进一步的，所述步骤(2)中的烧结条件如下：烧结气氛为N2:H2＝5：1气氛，烧结温度为800～820℃，烧结时间为50～60分钟。
进一步的，所述浸油工序的浸油时间大于24小时。
进一步的，所述浸油工序为真空浸油，真空浸油所使用的油为抗磨液压油。
进一步的，所述步骤(4)制备的轴承的密度为6.7～6.9g/cm3，硬度为80HV以上，径向压溃强度为170MPa以上，轴承在含油自润滑条件下的摩擦系数为0.053～0.078。
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点在于：
(1)本发明将粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承产品的浸油孔隙率控制在18％～20％，能保证力学性能良好，并有足够的含油量维持良好的摩擦学性能；
(2)本发明的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承产品使用Cu-10Sn粉作为基底，Ni作为基体添加相，在800～820℃烧结温度下，Ni组分重量达到6.0时，硬度可提升65HV，压溃强度可提升79MPa，并且摩擦系数变化不大，但是组分重量超过9.0时，硬度和压溃强度提升幅度大大减小；
(3)本发明的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承产品使用Cu-10Sn粉作为基底，MoS2作为固体润滑剂，在820℃烧结温度下，MoS2组分重量达到1.0时，摩擦系数下降至少0.006，极限PV值至少提高0.61，MoS2组分重量越大，摩擦性能越好，当MoS2组分重量超过2.0时，力学性能开始急剧降低。6.0～9.0Ni和1.0～2.0MoS2的加入，有效弥补了青铜基自润滑含油轴承抗载荷能力不足的问题，提高了摩擦学性能，增加了含油轴承的使用寿命，拓宽了青铜基自润滑含油轴承的使用领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的自润滑含油轴承的俯视图。
图2为本发明的自润滑含油轴承的剖视图。
附图标记说明：
1-倒角Ⅰ，2-轴承主体，3-倒角Ⅱ。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1和图2所示，为本发明的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。在轴承主体2的内外圈设有直接边为0.5mm的45°倒角1和3，轴承主体2中含有孔隙，浸油后可在摩擦过程中释放和回收润滑油，实现自润滑。
该粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承由以下重量份数的组分制作而成：Cu 80.1～87.3，Sn8.9～9.7，Ni 6.0～9.0，MoS2 1.0～2.0。一种制备上述的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)均匀混合Cu粉、Sn粉、Ni粉、MoS2粉和外加的0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，根据25％孔隙率计算轴承主体的理论密度，放入液压成型机中压制成形，通过调整轴承主体的高度改变成品的体积，达到理论密度；
(2)把步骤(1)的产物放入铜烧培炉中进行烧结，控制烧结条件使得粉末间冶金连接并发生收缩，整体收缩率为1.5％～2.0％，孔隙率降低2.5％～5.5％；
(3)将步骤(2)的产物在真空条件下，进行浸油工序，使得最终轴承主体的含油率为18.0％～20.0％。
(4)对步骤(3)的产物进行精整工序，制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
进一步的，所述步骤(2)中的烧结条件如下：烧结气氛为N2:H2＝5：1气氛，烧结温度为800～820℃，烧结时间为50～60分钟。
进一步的，所述浸油工序的浸油时间大于24小时。
进一步的，所述浸油工序为真空浸油，真空浸油所使用的油为抗磨液压油。
进一步的，所述步骤(4)制备的轴承的密度为6.7～6.9g/cm3，硬度为80HV以上，径向压溃强度为170MPa以上，轴承在含油自润滑条件下的摩擦系数为0.053～0.078。
实施例1
将Cu-Sn粉、Ni粉和MoS2粉均匀混合，外加0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，进行压制成形，其中各组分的重量份数为：Cu 83.7，Sn 9.3，Ni 6.0，MoS2 1.0；然后控温820℃，在N2:H2＝5：1气氛下烧结；进行真空浸油1天；最后进行精整处理，即制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
经检测，所制备出的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，密度：6.8g/m3；径向压溃强度：277.40MPa；硬度：92.33HV；在含油自润滑条件下摩擦系数：0.071。
实施例2
将Cu-Sn粉、Ni粉和MoS2粉均匀混合，外加0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，进行压制成形，其中各组分的重量份数为：Cu 83.25，Sn 9.25，Ni 6.0，MoS2 1.5；然后控温820℃，在N2:H2＝5：1气氛下烧结；进行真空浸油1天；最后进行精整处理，即制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
经检测，所制备出的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，密度：6.8g/m3；径向压溃强度：221.76MPa；硬度：88.44HV；在含油自润滑条件下摩擦系数：0.061。
实施例3
将Cu-Sn粉、Ni粉和MoS2粉均匀混合，外加0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，进行压制成形，其中各组分的重量份数为：Cu 82.8，Sn 9.2，Ni 6.0，MoS2 2.0；然后控温820℃，在N2:H2＝5：1气氛下烧结；进行真空浸油1天；最后进行精整处理，即制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
经检测，所制备出的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，密度：6.7g/m3；径向压溃强度：170.34MPa；硬度：82.22HV；在含油自润滑条件下摩擦系数：0.054。

Claims (7)

1.一种粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承，其特征在于，包括环状的轴承主体，所述轴承主体具有分布不均匀的18％～20％的可浸油孔隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承主体的材质为以重量百分比为Cu80.1～87.3％，Sn 8.9～9.7％，Ni 6.0～9.0％，MoS2 1.0～2.0％。
3.一种制备权利要求1-2任一项所述的粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤(1)：均匀混合Cu粉、Sn粉、Ni粉、MoS2粉和外加的0.6％硬脂酸锌粉，根据25％孔隙率计算轴承主体的理论密度，放入液压成型机中压制成形，通过调整轴承主体的高度改变成品的体积，达到理论密度；
步骤(2)：把步骤(1)的产物放入铜烧培炉中进行烧结，控制烧结条件使得粉末间冶金连接并发生收缩，整体收缩率为1.5％～2.0％，孔隙率降低2.5％～5.5％；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)的产物在真空条件下，进行浸油工序，使得最终轴承主体的含油率为18.0％～20.0％。
步骤(4)：对步骤(3)的产物进行精整工序，制备出粉末冶金自润滑含油轴承。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中的烧结条件如下：烧结气氛为N2:H2＝5：1气氛，烧结温度为800～820℃，烧结时间为50～60分钟。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述浸油工序的浸油时间大于24小时。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述浸油工序为真空浸油，真空浸油所使用的油为抗磨液压油。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)制备的轴承的密度为6.7～6.9g/cm3，硬度为80HV以上，径向压溃强度为170MPa以上，轴承在含油自润滑条件下的摩擦系数为0.053～0.078。
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