WO1995015421A1

WO1995015421A1 - Excavator/trailer combination

Info

Publication number: WO1995015421A1
Application number: PCT/EP1994/004025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Günther PLEIER
Original assignee: Pleier Guenther
Priority date: 1993-12-03
Filing date: 1994-12-02
Publication date: 1995-06-08
Also published as: DE4341313C1

Abstract

The excavator (101) used in the proposed combination is of standard design. A grab (122) can be provided as special equipment on the extension arm (117) of the excavator (101) for picking up objects such as rocks or pieces of wood, or alternatively a cleaving device for cleaving wood (for example) or a mowing unit. The trailer coupling unit (107) can be of standard design and secured at the front or rear on the moving gear of the excavator (101) or on a dozer blade (113). The trailer (102) used can have one or more axles (112) with wheels (106) or caterpillar moving gear. In general, it will have a tipping trough (104) for transporting material picked up by the excavator (101) (e.g. excavated earth, moving waste, etc.). A holder frame can also be provided as special equipment on the trailer (102) for cable or pipes, or a gravel sieve. The tipping trough (104) of the trailer (102) can be grasped and tipped by the grab (122) of the excavator (101) using a special holding bracket (103).

Description

Combination of an excavator with a trailer

The present invention is based on a combination of an excavator with a trailer according to the preamble of the main claim.

Such a combination is known for example from DE 25 57 812 AI. This known combination is a cemetery excavator with a movable extension arm that carries or can carry a trailer. This state of the art does not reveal anything about the design of the trailer carried or about the interaction of the excavator with the trailer. In particular, it is not apparent from this document that the materials required by the excavator at work or the materials produced during excavation work should or can be kept movable on the trailer.

A combination of a trench excavator and a trailer is known from SU 642 559, it being possible for pipelines to be laid by the trailer in the trench excavated by the excavator. The excavator does not have a cantilever arm, but a trench cutter that acts as a continuous conveyor. The excavation is not conveyed onto the trailer here, but the trailer only serves as a laying device for the pipes.

From DE 31 39 141 AI a trailer vehicle is known, on the loading surface of which a device for receiving a cable drum is attached, the cable being laid from the trailer. In addition, this trailer vehicle is alternatively or additionally provided for the transport of masts and / or laying tools. To act on the type and design of the pulling transport vehicle for the workers of the respective construction team. From NL 91 01 437 A a gripping device for grasping objects was known, which can be attached to the boom of an excavator and with the help of which it is also possible to sever objects. A similar gripping device for grasping and splitting objects is known from DE 42 18 502 AI.

Finally, from NL 84 00 331 A it is known to mount a mower on the cantilever arm of an excavator instead of a deep bucket or a gripping device. No information can be found in this document about a combination of this excavator with a trailer.

Based on this prior art, the present application is based on the task of creating a combination of an excavator and a trailer which, with a simple construction, has an expanded range of functions compared to known solutions - in particular with regard to an interaction between the excavator and the trailer during the Work and with a view to improving the overall workflow.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate embodiments and further developments for this solution result from the subclaims.

The invention creates versatile combinations of excavators and trailers, which also allow a number of new ways of working. On the trailer, for example, the material required for work (e.g. concrete, sand, stones, pipes, cables, etc.) can be carried or transported in and out without the need for an extra vehicle. During excavation work, the excavator's excavation can be lifted onto the trailer and removed from time to time, or filled in or handled elsewhere. Analogously, this also applies to mowing work carried out with the excavator or for comparable work in which material is produced for transport to and / or from the vehicle. The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of exemplary embodiments and on the basis of drawing figures.

1 shows a combination of an excavator with a trailer,

2 shows a gripping device attached to the boom of the excavator for gripping or splitting objects,

3 shows a holding frame attached to the trailer with a cable drum and a gravel sieve which can be attached to the trailer,

Fig. 4 shows a combination of an excavator with a trailer, here the excavator with its gripping device attached to the cantilever grips the body of the trailer on a bracket and lifts, whereby the body is tilted.

1. The trailer that is used in the context of the invention will be as follows: a) Material of the trailer construction

The predominantly used material of the trailer is steel and in extreme use special steel (e.g. NOX)

b) axis (112)

Depending on the application, the trailer can be equipped with one or more axles. It will preferably be one or a tandem axle, since this trailer will be easier to steer and maneuver than a two-axle trailer. The advantage of a two-axle trailer, or three-axle trailer, is the higher loading weight. The number of axles can be arbitrary, it is also possible to use several axles rigidly, or to make several axles steerable. Principle- It is also possible to use a trailer with a chain drive, since it has, for example, a lower ground pressure.

With all variants, the choice will be made according to the terrain and the material to be landed. The track of the axle and thus the total width of the trailer will usually correspond to the size or width of the excavator. The width of the excavator and the width of the trailer can also be different. If the trailer is wider than the excavator, it may happen that the excavator still fits through on a narrow path, but the trailer no longer. Conversely, if the trailer is narrower than the excavator, the width of the loading area is not optimally used.

c) Tires 106

The nature of the wheels will be chosen depending on the terrain and the load of the trailer. In very extreme terrain (e.g. river bed) it is recommended to use airless tires (e.g. stud segment tires), solid rubber wheels or chains. The choice of wheels will also depend on the speed to be driven, as it is possible to attach these trailers to other towing vehicles; for example to a truck that is approved on the road and therefore drives at higher speeds than is usual on the construction site.

d) traction device 108

The drawbar 108 is designed according to the size of the trailer. Drawbar load, length, with hand brake, with overrun brake or compressed air brake will be individually adapted to the trailer 102 and the towing vehicle 101. If the towing vehicle is large enough, the trailer could also do without a brake. e) Steel trough 104

The length of the trailer and the size of the trough 104 will also be adapted to the size of the excavator. Because of the loading and unloading of the body by the excavator with grab or backhoe, it makes sense that the grab or backhoe can reach every point of the loading area.

There are several options for the shape of the steel trough 104. Depending on the number of axles and the tipping device on the side or only to the rear, rigid or movable side walls are attached.

The stability of the trough 104 should e.g. when transporting heavy water building blocks, also be designed so that they can withstand this load during the tipping process.

f) tilting device

In order to be able to tip a tipper sideways or backwards, it must generally be equipped with a tipping cylinder, which in turn means that the cylinder requires an oil flow. When used with an excavator, no tilt cylinder is necessary as this can be done with the excavator. The trailer is tipped on the opposite side of the pivot point 105 by the tipper with a wire rope which is designed as a loop. This wire rope loop 103 is protected by a steel tube. Now the gripper, e.g. (Backhoe bucket with thumb 122) or other holding devices, grab this bracket 103 and thus tilt the trailer trough 104 and empty it.

If the tipper is emptied to the rear, ie raised with the front wire rope loop 103 upwards, this happens without any problems, since the front side wall 142 is mostly rigid. However, if the tipper is emptied laterally, one of the mounting loops could interfere. If the trailer has movable side walls, the mounting support ropes can be rigid, since when tipping the side wall is folded down, the mounting cable of which would be in the way. If the trough 104 is constructed in such a way that the side walls cannot be opened, the wire rope bracket with hinges will be able to be folded away.

g) Gravel sieves

Gravel can also be screened as an additional device with relatively little effort. If you place a gravel sieve (e.g. inclined sieve 140) on this trailer, you can e.g. material is applied to this sieve with the backhoe 121. The coarse material falls over the side or back of the trailer. The desired fine material will fall directly into the trailer and is therefore immediately transportable.

This gravel screen could use the same brackets 139 on the trailer as is used for the cable drum bracket 133. All accessories can be lifted or removed from the trailer using a hand strap (e.g. wire rope) 141 and the excavator.

h) Cable trolleys 102 + 133

As an additional device, a bracket 133 can be placed and attached to this trailer 102 with little effort. This bracket 133 is constructed so that it can carry and unwind a cable drum 134. This additional device can be easily lifted and removed from the excavator and would make any conventional cable trolley or trailer unnecessary. i) Lighting according to StVzo

The trailer 102 can be equipped with the StVzo lighting if it is moved on the public road (e.g. if the construction site runs along the road).

The excavator that will be used in the context of the invention will be as follows: a) Mobile excavators or wheel excavators will only have one or more trailer couplings 107 and a gripping device, e.g. 122. The trailer coupling 107 for the trailer can be attached to the dozer blade or to the underframe of the undercarriage.

b) crawler excavators

If the crawler excavator has a dozer blade, the trailer hitch 107 can be fitted here. If this is not the case, a separate bracket will have to be attached to the undercarriage of the excavator. The bracket of the trailer coupling 107 must protrude in the running direction of the chain conveyor belts 114 so far that the chains 114 do not hinder the steering. That the trailer hitch is in the middle of the two drives will also be an advantage.

c) Towbar 107

The trailer coupling consists of a compact device that is commercially available and e.g. used on the truck. If this trailer coupling is attached to the dozer blade, it would be advantageous if it could be easily dismantled, since it could otherwise interfere with the dozer work.

d) lifting devices, e.g. 122

The lifting device itself is already the excavator arm, the associated holder could be a gripper, for example. d) l. Grippers 122, 123

The gripper, which could also be used here, has long been commercially available and therefore not new. What is new, on the other hand, is that this gripper can hold and lift the holding bracket 103 of the trailer 102, which makes it possible to tilt the trailer trough 104. See also the tilting process in FIG. 4.

d) 2. Backhoe 121

When used with the backhoe bucket on the excavator, the bracket 103 on the tipper can be lifted but not secured. A retaining tooth 123 will take over this protection. The tooth (comparable to the thumb of one hand) 123 is installed on the articulated arm 119 of the excavator and engages with the backhoe bucket 121. There are two variants of the tooth, which is compared here with the thumb of a hand:

Variant A: is that the pivot pin 125 of the bucket is the same pivot point as the pivot pin 126 of the thumb 123. In this embodiment, the middle tooth of the bucket 121 and the tip of the thumb 123 are always in any position , meet each other.

Variant B: in this embodiment, the two radii of the articulation pins 126 and 125 are different. If the articulated arm 119 of the excavator is placed vertically downwards, the articulation point of the thumb 126 will be higher. The advantage with this embodiment is that the thumb 123 can reach into the backhoe bucket up to a given stop, thus making it possible to grasp even the smallest branches.

d) 3. Log splitter 128

An additional device for this thumb 123 is an iron wedge 128, which is inserted and screwed over the thumb. The iron wedge 128 can consist of a simple cutting edge or a cross. The splitting process is now very easy.

As a rule, one-meter-long pieces of round wood 127 (hardwood) are split. The excavator drives next to the wood 127 to be split and brings it in the longitudinal direction of the boom 117, then the backhoe bucket 121 is attached to the more distant side of the wood and pressed together with the thumb 123 or riving knife 128 on the side facing the excavator. This process is repeated until the desired size of the firewood is reached. This split wood can now be picked up and loaded in bundles with the splitting device.

No additional person is required for the splitting process. Only if the split firewood is loaded immediately does it make sense for one person to use the wood, e.g. on the truck, arbitrated.

Additional equipment for mowing

Here a mower is attached instead of the bucket, possibly with a quick change system. The drive can take place via an additional hydraulic line. Mowing is primarily carried out by swiveling the upper structure of the excavator. If one or more mows (rows) are mowed, the excavator only continues to drive. The excavator can thus utilize its entire swiveling range, which enables very gentle soil work. In conventional mowing vehicles such as a tractor, the ground has to be driven on considerably more, which can cause many problems in a wet meadow, for example. A crawler excavator with a mower is preferred for wet meadows and steep slopes because a crawler excavator has less ground pressure and is more off-road. The Workflow can be compared to a man waving a scythe.

Combination excavator - trailer

So far, excavators and trailers in various designs and sizes have been used on the free market. Only the combination of these two devices allows new ways of working.

a) Sequence of movements

The combination of mobile excavator - trailer will be something different from the movement sequence than with the combination of crawler excavator - trailer. In the wheel excavator - trailer version, it depends on whether the trailer is attached to the steering axle or the rigid axle. Every excavator operator will choose the right version for himself.

If the crawler excavator had a dozer blade 113, this would make sense to accommodate the pulling device 107.

b) Possible uses

The possible uses would be e.g. in canal or road construction. Where previously an additional device such as a wheel loader had to be used to supply the construction site with material, the excavator can now take the desired material (e.g. concrete, sand, pipes, etc.) in the trailer.

The advantage here is not only the time saved on the construction site, but also the purchase of additional construction machinery, e.g. Wheel loaders, whereby more machines can also mean several machinists.

Claims

claims

1. combination of an excavator (101) having a movable cantilever arm (117, 119) with a trailer (102), characterized in that the trailer (102) is designed to receive the goods to be moved by the excavator (101), in order to keep the materials required by the excavator (101) at work ready to move or to pick up the materials that arise during the excavation work.

2. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailer (102) has a trough (104) with a tilting device (105), wherein on the trough (104) a retaining bracket ( 103) is attached, which can be gripped and manipulated by means of the cantilever arm (117, 119) of the excavator (101) in order to tilt the trough (104).

3. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gripping device (121, 122, 123) is attached to the extension arm (117, 119) of the excavator (101).

4. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the trailer (102) a holding frame (133) for transporting and / or for rolling up or unrolling a cable (137) or of pipes (137) is attached.

5. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the trailer (102) a sieve device (140) is attached for a wide variety of materials.

6. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to claim 3, characterized in that the gripping device (121, 122, 123) is designed for grasping objects (e.g. stones or wood).

7. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to claim 3 or claim 6, characterized in that the gripping device (121, 122, 123, 128) is designed for splitting wood.

8. Combination of an excavator (101) with a trailer (102) according to claim 1, characterized in that a mower is attached to the cantilever arm (117, 119) of the excavator (101).