WO1995009219A1 - Melange pour carburant - Google Patents

Melange pour carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995009219A1
WO1995009219A1 PCT/EP1994/003083 EP9403083W WO9509219A1 WO 1995009219 A1 WO1995009219 A1 WO 1995009219A1 EP 9403083 W EP9403083 W EP 9403083W WO 9509219 A1 WO9509219 A1 WO 9509219A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
fuel mixture
mixture according
net
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1994/003083
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gabriele Weiss
Willi Welzel
Original Assignee
Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineralöle Und Tankanlagen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineralöle Und Tankanlagen Gmbh filed Critical Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineralöle Und Tankanlagen Gmbh
Priority to BR9407724A priority Critical patent/BR9407724A/pt
Priority to AU77822/94A priority patent/AU7782294A/en
Publication of WO1995009219A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995009219A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel mixture containing
  • the invention further relates to the use of this fuel mixture as a fuel for diesel engines or as heating oil.
  • the conventional liquid fuels for internal combustion engines consist of mixtures of hydrocarbons and are largely obtained from mineral oil.
  • the gasoline hydrocarbons are at least partially replaced by renewable raw materials, such as fatty oils of animal or vegetable origin.
  • renewable raw materials such as fatty oils of animal or vegetable origin.
  • DE-OS 24 41 737 describes fuel mixtures for internal combustion engines with a carburetor, which is composed of a hydrocarbon gas (normal gasoline or super gasoline) and a mixture of an alcohol with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and water, and optionally 0.1 to 2% by weight of a vegetable oil, which also serves as a mixing agent.
  • a carburetor which is composed of a hydrocarbon gas (normal gasoline or super gasoline) and a mixture of an alcohol with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and water, and optionally 0.1 to 2% by weight of a vegetable oil, which also serves as a mixing agent.
  • DE-PS 31 49 170 and 31 50 988 describe diesel fuels in which up to 90% of the hydrocarbons are replaced by alkyl fatty acid esters of vegetable oils and which also contain alcohols with up to five carbon atoms. However, it is absolutely necessary here to completely convert the oils obtained from plants into alkyl fatty acid esters, in particular methyl fatty acid esters, which on the one hand means a high cost and on the other hand means a large amount of glycerol waste which is difficult to utilize.
  • the hydrocarbon mixture according to DE-PS 31 49 170 is a classic gas oil, i.e. a petroleum fraction.
  • the diesel fuel mixtures according to DE-PS 31 50 988 can optionally 0.1 to 5 wt .-%. of an ignition accelerator.
  • diesel fuels mentioned which are used in agricultural tractors, have cloud points which are not below -15 ° C., which means that they can only be used to a very limited extent in winter.
  • US Pat. No. 4,359,324 describes a diesel fuel which consists of 25 to 75% of a butyl alcohol and 75 to 25% of a vegetable oil.
  • the US-PS 45 57 734 describes a diesel fuel from a vegetable oil, methanol or ethanol and a straight-chain octanol.
  • the US-PS 45 09 953 describes a diesel fuel from 70 to 90 vol .-% gas oil or heavy oil, 10 to 30 vol .-% ethanol and up to 30 vol .-% light petrol.
  • the use of these fuels always required extensive modification measures on the engines operated with them. Through these tests, the general prejudice was confirmed that it is impossible to operate engines which are intended for operation with mineral fuels without conversion measures with fuels which contain a high proportion of fatty oils.
  • a fuel mixture which contains 60 to 88% by volume of at least one vegetable or mineral oil, 6 to 20% by volume of at least one straight-chain or branched monoalcohol with 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 6 contains up to 20 vol .-% gasoline.
  • this mixture can be used as fuel in all types of diesel engines, it would be desirable to improve the cold start behavior and to increase the flash point of the fuel mixture for safety reasons.
  • the present invention is based on the technical problem of providing a fuel mixture which is at least largely biodegradable and has improved cold start behavior when used in diesel engines, while maintaining the hazard class according to the regulation on combustible liquids (VbF ), as it applies to mineral oil diesel fuel and heating oil.
  • VbF combustible liquids
  • the fuel mixture containing a monoalcohol with at least 6 carbon atoms according to the present invention significantly improves the cold start behavior compared to the fuel mixtures known from DE-PS 41 16 905.
  • the mixture according to the invention is preferably used as a fuel for diesel engines or as heating oil.
  • component a) which can be used in the fuel mixture according to the invention are rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, linseed oil, camelina oil, olive oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, peanut oil, puréing oil, Herring oil and sardine oil as well as tall oil distillate and / or their esters of the respective fatty acids with a straight-chain or branched monoalcohol with 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Rapeseed oil which is a mixture of fatty acids partially esterified with glycerol, is preferably used as component a), since it is available on a large scale and can easily be obtained from rapeseed by pressing.
  • the rapeseed oil used can be both pressed and degummed raw or mixed in as raffinate in the fuel mixture according to the invention.
  • tall oil distillate it preferably has a resin acid content of less than 3%.
  • the proportion of component a) in the fuel mixture according to the invention is preferably 50-96 parts by volume.
  • Both straight-chain and branched aliphatic monoalcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms are used as component b) in the fuel mixture according to the invention.
  • the monoalcohols preferably contain 6 to 10 carbon atoms and in particular 8 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of monoalcohols which can be used according to the invention are n-hexanol, n-octanol, isooctyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol and isononyl alcohol.
  • the monoalcohols used as component b) have a flash point of> 55 ° C. and a melting point of ⁇ 0 ° C.
  • the proportion of component b) in the fuel mixture according to the invention is preferably 4 to 30 parts by volume.
  • the fuel mixture according to the invention may contain gasoline as a further component in amounts of preferably up to 20 parts by volume.
  • Any gasoline can be used, for example normal or super gasoline;
  • white spirit is preferably used.
  • White spirit is the name for refined petrol with a bp of 130-220 ° C and a melting point> 21 ° C determined according to Abel-Pensky (cf. DIN 51 632, Nov. 1981, draft Feb. 1966).
  • test gasoline with an octane number of 120 to 140 can be contained in the fuel mixture according to the invention.
  • the proportion of gasoline is advantageously up to 20 parts by volume, preferably 6 to 20 parts by volume and in particular 10 to 15 parts by volume.
  • customary additives can be added to the fuel mixture according to the invention.
  • up to 1% by volume of diethyl ether is preferably added as a starting aid.
  • the fuel mixture according to the invention can be used in all diesel engines without any special conversion to the new fuel being necessary. Accordingly, the fuel mixture according to the invention can be used, for example, to operate diesel engines in passenger cars, trucks, agricultural and forestry machines, emergency power generators, pumps and ships. These engines can be operated alternately with the fuel mixture according to the invention and conventional mineral diesel fuels, as a result of which a high degree of mobility is achieved in particular for cars and trucks.
  • the fuel mixtures according to the invention can be mixed in any ratio with conventional diesel fuels or heating oil without any disadvantages.
  • the monoalcohols used as component b) serve as anti-coking agents for piston rings and valve seats.
  • the gasoline serves to clarify the mixture and leads to an improved ignitability of the fuel mixture, white spirit providing the best values.
  • Good ignitability of the fuel means favorable starting behavior and smooth running of the diesel engine due to a short preparation time or a small ignition delay; in the event of a large ignition delay, the well-known "nailing" appears overtly.
  • the fuel mixture according to the invention can also be used well at low temperatures, such as occur in winter and in high regions, since its cloud point reaches values of down to -28 ° C. and the mixture does not flocculate even at lower temperatures. This leads to a much broader applicability compared to the known diesel fuels based on vegetable and animal fats.
  • the fuel mixtures according to the invention were produced by simple mixing.
  • the fuel mixtures according to AI to A3 surprisingly show a clear jump in the height of the flash point above 60 ° C, whereby the hazardous substance class according to VbF A III, as applies to diesel fuels or heating oil, is achieved.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un mélange pour carburant qui contient au moins une huile grasse végétale et/ou animale et/ou leurs esters d'alkyle et/ou distillat de tallol, au moins un alcool monovalent linéaire ou ramifié, ainsi qu'éventuellement de l'essence. Ce mélange convient comme carburant diesel ou comme mazout domestique.
PCT/EP1994/003083 1993-09-30 1994-09-14 Melange pour carburant WO1995009219A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9407724A BR9407724A (pt) 1993-09-30 1994-09-14 Mistura combustível
AU77822/94A AU7782294A (en) 1993-09-30 1994-09-14 Fuel mixture

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4333418.0 1993-09-30
DE4333418A DE4333418C1 (de) 1993-09-30 1993-09-30 Treibstoffgemisch

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995009219A1 true WO1995009219A1 (fr) 1995-04-06

Family

ID=6499121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1994/003083 WO1995009219A1 (fr) 1993-09-30 1994-09-14 Melange pour carburant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7782294A (fr)
BR (1) BR9407724A (fr)
DE (1) DE4333418C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995009219A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU676930B2 (en) * 1993-07-16 1997-03-27 Vicol Petroleum Pty Ltd Fuel blends
DE4443549A1 (de) * 1994-12-07 1996-06-13 Veba Oel Ag Kraftstoff für hochverdichtende selbstzündende Motoren
FR2728267B1 (fr) * 1994-12-14 1997-03-14 Total Raffinage Distribution Nouveau combustible a base d'huile vegetale et d'une coupe petroliere riche en composes aromatiques
FR2750141B1 (fr) * 1996-06-19 2004-04-30 Total Raffinage Distribution Combustible pour chaudieres a base d'huile vegetale et a basse teneur en soufre
WO2007079765A1 (fr) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-19 Clean Oil Ag Combustible diesel-huile vegetale
FR2924438B1 (fr) 2007-11-30 2009-12-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Compositions de carburant a forte teneur en ethanol
AU2009279894A1 (en) 2008-08-05 2010-02-11 Spirit Of The 21St Century Group,Llc Modified fuels and methods of making and using thereof
US20120021366A1 (en) * 2009-02-11 2012-01-26 Agowa Ip Aps Fuel composition comprising alkyl ester
FR2985266B1 (fr) * 2011-12-28 2014-06-13 Total Raffinage Marketing Composition combustible comprenant un fioul lourd et un produit issu de la biomasse.
FR2985267B1 (fr) * 2011-12-28 2014-06-13 Total Raffinage Marketing Composition combustible comprenant un fioul lourd et un produit issu de la biomasse.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981000721A1 (fr) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-19 Wer R Combustible universel pour moteurs
WO1983000344A1 (fr) * 1981-07-15 1983-02-03 Moncrieff, Ian, Duncan Carburant pour un moteur a combustion interne
EP0319060A2 (fr) * 1987-12-04 1989-06-07 ENIRICERCHE S.p.A. Composition de combustible diesel
DE4116905C1 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1992-08-13 Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineraloele Und Tankanlagen Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4359324A (en) * 1981-03-27 1982-11-16 Elsea Jr Hugh R Diesel engine fuel composition and use of same for operating diesel engines
US4526586A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-07-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Microemulsions from vegetable oil and aqueous alcohol with 1-butanol surfactant as alternative fuel for diesel engines
US4557734A (en) * 1984-08-08 1985-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Microemulsions from vegetable oil and lower alcohol with octanol surfactant as alternative fuel for diesel engines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981000721A1 (fr) * 1979-09-10 1981-03-19 Wer R Combustible universel pour moteurs
WO1983000344A1 (fr) * 1981-07-15 1983-02-03 Moncrieff, Ian, Duncan Carburant pour un moteur a combustion interne
EP0319060A2 (fr) * 1987-12-04 1989-06-07 ENIRICERCHE S.p.A. Composition de combustible diesel
DE4116905C1 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1992-08-13 Tessol Kraftstoffe, Mineraloele Und Tankanlagen Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De
WO1992020761A1 (fr) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-26 Atec Ag Melange carburant, son procede de production et son utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7782294A (en) 1995-04-18
BR9407724A (pt) 1997-03-04
DE4333418C1 (de) 1994-10-13

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