WO1994018566A1 - Method of assaying specific antibody - Google Patents
Method of assaying specific antibody Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994018566A1 WO1994018566A1 PCT/JP1993/000143 JP9300143W WO9418566A1 WO 1994018566 A1 WO1994018566 A1 WO 1994018566A1 JP 9300143 W JP9300143 W JP 9300143W WO 9418566 A1 WO9418566 A1 WO 9418566A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- antigen
- carrier
- specific antibody
- bound
- antibody
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54306—Solid-phase reaction mechanisms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for measuring an antibody specific to a certain antigen with high sensitivity.
- the main methods include an agglutination method, a competitive method, and a sandwich method. From the viewpoint of force / sensitivity, it is well known that a measurement method based on the principle of the sandwich method has the highest sensitivity.
- an antigen-bound carrier is brought into contact with a test wave containing the antibody to be measured, and then the carrier is reacted with a labeled-bound anti-Ig antibody (secondary antibody) and bound to the carrier.
- a labeled-bound anti-Ig antibody secondary antibody
- this method has a disadvantage that the background is increased because non-specific antibodies contained in a large amount in the test solution are adsorbed to the carrier, and it is difficult to improve the detection sensitivity.
- An object of the present invention is to develop a specific antibody measurement method that has the same simple operability as a conventional sandwich measurement method, and is highly sensitive and does not cause a prozone phenomenon.
- a reaction system for reacting the two antigens with the specific antibody may be used.
- the prozone phenomenon occurs. It has been found that the specific antibody of interest can be measured with high sensitivity, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a specific antibody measurement method including the following steps (A :), (B) and (C).
- FIG. 1 shows the calibration curves of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-3.
- the horizontal axis shows the concentration of the anti-thyroglopulin antibody in the sample, and the vertical axis shows the signal amount derived from the activity of peroxidase bound to each solid phase.
- Figure 2 shows the calibration of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Example 4. It shows a curve.
- the horizontal axis indicates the concentration of anti-thyroglobulin antibody in the sample, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of signal derived from the activity of 5-D-galactosidase bound to each solid phase.
- ⁇ ' shows the concentration of anti-thyroglobulin antibody in the sample, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of signal derived from the activity of 5-D-galactosidase bound to each solid phase.
- Step (A) is a step for improving sensitivity by a simple method.
- the amount of the label-bound antigen added to the first reaction system depends on the rate at which the labeled-bound antigen reacts with the specific antibody in the test solution in the liquid phase, and the amount of the carrier-bound antigen. It is desirable that the speeds that respond to and are set to be substantially equal.
- molecular molar ratio of labeled binding antigen and carrier-bound antigen 1: 1 to 1: include a range of 5 0, preferably from 1: 2 0-1: in the range of 5 is there.
- the antigen in the present invention refers to a specific antigen capable of producing an antigen-antibody reaction with a specific antibody to be measured, an anti-idiotypic antibody, or a component such as a hapten bound to an appropriate carrier.
- the test liquid includes, for example, body fluids such as serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, and buffers.
- the specific antibody to be measured in the present invention is virtually any antibody that can be measured by a conventional immunoassay using an antigen specifically recognized by the antibody.
- a specific antibody can be measured.
- Examples include measurement of anti-DNA antibodies using nucleic acids, measurement of rheumatoid factor using immunoaggregates, measurement of anti-mitochondrial antibodies using pyruvate dehydrogenase, anti-microsomal antibodies using thyroid peroxidase Measurement, anti-thyroglobulin antibody measurement using thyroglobulin, measurement of anti-TSH receptor antibody using TSH receptor, measurement of anti-insulin antibody using insulin, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody using acetylcholine receptor Measurement of autoantibodies, etc., measurement of anti-HBV antibodies and anti-HIV antibodies using virus antigens, measurement of antibodies against other microorganisms, measurement of antibodies against other microorganisms, protein preparations such as interferon and human growth hormone Measurement of antibodies to allergic diseases, and measurement of
- the label in the label-bound antigen to which the label has been previously bound may be any substance used for measurement in immunoassay, and examples include enzymes, radioactive substances, luminescent substances, fluorescent substances, and metal compounds.
- enzymes such as peroxidase, -D-galactosidase, and alkaline phosphatase
- radioactive substances such as iodine and hydrogen
- fluorescent substances such as fluorescein itchiosinate
- luminescent substances such as luminescent substances the Atarijiu ⁇ etc., as the metal compound include europium (E u 3 +) and the like.
- any binding method conventionally reported for binding a label to an antibody or an antigen in an immunological assay can be used.
- the label is an enzyme
- a method of covalently bonding by intervening an appropriate polyvalent crosslinking agent is preferable.
- the crosslinking reaction the reaction of an amino group and an aldehyde group (Schiff reaction), an amino group and an active ester, a thiol group and a maleimide group, and a thiol group and a pyridyl disulfide group can be used. It is advantageous because it does not impair the activity.
- These labels may be bound to the antigen via a suitable spacer that does not affect the antigen-antibody reaction performed in the steps (A), (B) and (C).
- a suitable spacer that does not affect the antigen-antibody reaction performed in the steps (A), (B) and (C).
- the intervention of such a spacer is particularly preferable.
- the spacer include non-specific egret IgG, yeast serum albumin, dextran or a hydrocarbon having an appropriate length (carbon number of 4 to 10).
- the carrier is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, and it is sufficient to use a carrier used in a conventional immunological assay.
- polystyrene, polyacryl, Teflon, paper, glass, agarose and the like can be mentioned.
- the shape There is no particular limitation on the shape.
- Binding of the antigen to the carrier can be performed by a known method for preparing a carrier in an immunological assay.
- an antigen such as a protein having a relatively large molecular weight
- a physical adsorption method utilizing a hydrophobic interaction acting between the carrier and the antigen is used.
- a carrier for 4 to 37 and a range from several hours to several days What is necessary is just to immerse.
- a spacer that does not affect the steps (A) to (C). Examples of spacers include non-specific egret IgG, yeast serum albumin, dextran, or haptens and antibodies, and biotin and avidin.
- step (A) the specific antibody, the labeled antibody and the carrier-bound antigen in the test solution are mixed to obtain a first reaction system, and then, in the first reaction system, the label-bound antigen monospecific
- the reaction for forming a complex consisting of the antibody-carrier-bound antigen is carried out under the conditions used for a normal antigen-antibody reaction. Generally, 0 to 4 5 ° C, the range of several hours to several 1 0 hours, preferably 2 0 e C ⁇ 3 7. C, a complex is formed in the range of 1 to 6 hours.
- Step (B) is a step provided to eliminate the prozone phenomenon. That is, in the steps (A :) and (C) only, if the amount of the specific antibody to be measured in the test solution is excessive compared to the amount of the antibody capable of trapping the antigen bound to the carrier, If present, this excess of the specific antibody will bind to the labeled binding antigen without binding to the carrier bound antigen, forming an incomplete complex of the labeled binding antigen monospecific antibody. Therefore, the excess specific antibody consumes the label-bound antigen required to form a complete complex, and the labeled-bound antigen is insufficient compared to the amount of the specific antibody bound to the carrier-bound antigen. An incomplete complex consisting of a specific antibody and a carrier-bound antigen may be partially formed.
- a method for separating the carrier after the reaction from the first reaction system that is, in the first reaction system after the step (A), an incomplete complex of a labeled binding antigen-specific antibody, an unreacted specific antibody Separation of unbound and unreacted labeled binding antigen from label-bound antigen-specific antibody-carrier-bound antigen complete complex, specific antibody-carrier-bound antigen incomplete complex and unreacted carrier-bound antigen Any of the methods conventionally used in the immunological assay using a carrier may be used.
- the carrier separated from the first reaction system and the labeled binding antigen are mixed again to obtain a second reaction system.
- an incomplete complex which is a specific antibody-carrier-bound antigen
- a label in order to reliably bind the labeled binding antigen to the incomplete complex, a label must be used.
- the mixing amount of the labeled binding antigen in the step (B) is not particularly specified, but an excessive amount increases the non-specific binding of the labeled binding antigen to the carrier after separation, thereby increasing the background and increasing the sensitivity. It is preferable to use an amount necessary and sufficient to complete the reaction, in order to cause a reduction in the reaction. Usually, it is in the range of 1/10 to the equivalent of the amount of the labeled binding antigen used in step (A).
- the reaction between the label-bound antigen and the incomplete complex bound to the carrier (carrier-bound antigen-specific antibody) in the second reaction system is carried out under the conditions employed in ordinary antigen-antibody reactions.
- a complete complex label-bound antigen-specific antibody-carrier-bound
- a complete complex at 0 to 45 ° C, in the range of tens of minutes to several hours, preferably in the range of 20 to 37 ° C, in the range of 30 minutes to 2 hours Anti ) Is formed.
- the method of separating the carrier after the reaction from the second reaction system and the method of washing the carrier after the separation are the same as those in the step (B). Any method employed in the method may be used.
- the washing it is preferable to add a washing solution to the reaction system, leave it for several minutes, and then remove the washing solution.
- radiation detection, fluorescence detection, absorbance detection, spectral detection, and atomic absorption are performed based on the specific properties of the label introduced into the antigen described in step (A). This is achieved by methods such as analysis.
- the measurement may be performed within a range of several tens of seconds to several minutes using a seven counter or a liquid scintillation counter.
- the detection operation may be performed after the addition of a substrate that emits a detectable signal by the above-described method under the action of the enzyme.
- the enzyme is a Hiroshi Nishi Wa rust pel O Kishida over Ze, H 2 0 2 and 0 full We two range ⁇ Min (absorbance detection) H 2 0 2 0 - hydroxy Tilia sulfonyl propionic acid (fluorescence detection) or the like substrate It can be exemplified as: If the enzyme is, for example, yg-D-galactosidase, -nitrophenyl-2-D-galactopyranoside (absorbance detection), 4-methylpumbelliferyl-1D-galactose (fluorescence detection), etc. It can be exemplified as a substrate.
- the enzyme is alkaline phosphatase, -nitrophenylphosphite (absorbance detection), 4-methylphenylphosphoryl phosphate (fluorescence detection), etc. are examples of substrates. Wear. These reactions are achieved at 20-37 ° C, in the range of minutes to hours.
- thyroglobulin 7, Omg was added to a 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer solution using a rabbit (anti-human IgG 7 chain) IgG "-immobilized Sepharose 4B column (1.0 X 4.5 cm). The gel was then eluted with PH 7.0, followed by gel filtration using Ultrogel AcA22 (LKB, Sweden) (1.6 x 45 cm) with the same buffer. —Confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis The concentration of thyroglobulin was determined from the absorbance at 280 nm as an extinction coefficient of 1.0 £ / g-cm.
- a 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer solution containing Chohachi, pH 6.0, 5 ⁇ was reacted at 4 ° C for 20 hours. The reaction was performed using a 0.1 M sodium phosphate column using an Ultrogel AcA22 column (1.6 x 45 cm). Gel filtration was performed using a pharmacological buffer, pH 6.5. The number of peroxidases introduced per molecule of thyroglobulin was 1.7.
- the carrier-bound antigen and the labeled-bound anti-Ig antibody The conventional assay method in which specific antibodies are sandwiched (Comparative Example 1) and the conventional assay method in which a target-specific antibody is sandwiched in two steps using a carrier-bound antigen and a label-bound antigen (Comparative Example 2) Is shown.
- Serum from a patient with Graves' disease whose anti-thyroglobulin antibody concentration was previously determined was diluted to various concentrations with serum from a healthy subject 0.0, 0.55 ⁇ sodium chloride, 0.1% ⁇ serum albumin and 0.15% Tween 20 Containing 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, ⁇ 7.0, ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ and thyroglobulin binding plate (solid phase) was added to each well, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours to react. Each well was washed three times with a 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.1 M sodium chloride and 0.1% Tween 20.
- Each well contains 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer containing thyroglobulin-peroxidase 100 imo, 0.1 M sodium chloride, 0.1% serum albumin and 0.1 I Tween 20. After adding pH 7.0 and 0.1 mS, the reaction was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours. After washing each well three times with the above washing solution, the activity of peroxidase bound to the solid phase was measured. Figure 1 shows the results.
- Egret anti-dinitrophenyl-peroxyserum albumin
- IgG-bound solid phase preparation Egret (anti-dinitrofuran peroxyserum albumin)
- Antiserum (Seikagaku, Tokyo) 4.2 3 g to 0.747 g of sulfuric acid Sodium was added little by little, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at IOOOxg for 15 minutes.
- the product was purified using a silica gel (40 g) column in the form of chloroform-methanol [40/1 (v / v)], followed by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and mass spectrometry. It was confirmed.
- succinimidyl-1,2,4-dinitrophenyl- ⁇ -caproic acid 66 nm ⁇ 1 prepared in (1) above was added.
- succinimidyl-1,2,4-dinitrophenyl- ⁇ -caproic acid 66 nm ⁇ 1 prepared in (1) above was added.
- the reaction was carried out at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. After the reaction, gel filtration was performed using a Sephadex G-25 (Pharmacia, Sweden) column (1.0 ⁇ 30 cm) with a 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The number of dinitrophenyl groups introduced per molecule of thyroglopurine was 11.
- the quantification of the dinitrophenyl group was determined from the absorbance at 360 nm as an extinction coefficient of 174,000 Zcm.
- the dinitrophenyl-thyroglobulin 500 fm01 prepared in 2 above was dissolved in the rabbit (anti-dinitrophenyl-peroxyserum albumin) IgG binding plate (solid phase) prepared in the above. 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0.1 containing M sodium chloride, 0.1% serum albumin and 0.1% sodium azide was added and reacted at 4 ° C. for 16 hours. After the reaction, use the same buffer After washing, the cells were stored with the same buffer solution 0.3 added.
- Example 1 the thyroglobulin binding plate (solid phase) as the carrier-bound antigen was changed to a dinitrophenyl-thyroglobulin binding heron (anti-dinitrophenyl serum albumin) IgG binding plate (solid phase). Peroxidase activity bound to the plate was measured as in 1. Figure 1 shows the results.
- a conventional measurement method (Comparative Example 3) in which a specific antibody of interest is sandwiched between a hubten-binding antigen and a labeled binding antigen, and then the resultant is trapped on an anti-hapten antibody-binding carrier.
- thyroglobulin Purification of thyroglobulin, preparation of thyroglobulin-peroxidase, and measurement of peroxidase activity were carried out according to the method of Example 1, and preparation of dinitrophenyl-thyroglobulin and preparation of a heron (anti-dinitrophenyl serum serum albumin) IgG binding solid Preparation of the phase followed the method of Example 2.
- the serum of a patient with Graves' disease whose anti-thyroglobulin antibody concentration was previously determined, was diluted to various concentrations with the serum of a healthy subject, 0.0, and both thyroglobulin-peroxidase and dinitrophenyl thyroglobulin were 100 fmo 0.55 M 0.11 IV containing sodium chloride, 0.1% serum albumin and 0.15% Tween 20 [sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0, and anti-dinitrophenyl The solution was added to each well of a serum albumin IgG binding plate (solid phase), and allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 hours to react. Wash each well three times with 0.1 M sodium chloride and 0.1% sodium phosphate buffer, 0.1% sodium phosphate buffer, ⁇ 7.0, 0. Peroxidase activity bound to was measured. Figure 1 shows the results.
- Example 1 As is clear from the results of Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 shown in FIG. 1, according to Example 1, it is approximately 100 times as large as Comparative Example 1, and as compared with Comparative Example 2. About 10 times It was possible to measure the specific antibody of interest with high sensitivity, and it was also possible to solve the problem of the Proven phenomenon that occurred in Comparative Example 3. Furthermore, as shown in Example 2, it was confirmed that the above-described effects were exhibited even when another carrier-bound antigen different from that of Example 1 was used.
- thyroglobulin (1.08 mg) dissolved in sodium phosphate buffer, ⁇ 7.0 (2. ⁇ ), and 0.55 mM W-succinimidyl-6-maleimide dissolved in dimethylformamide Hexanoate (added with 0. and reacted at 30 ° C for 30 minutes.
- Sephadex G-2 equilibrated with 5 ml V [0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer containing EDTA, pH 6.0) Gel filtration was carried out using 5 columns (1 ⁇ 30 cm) to obtain maleimidated thyroglobulin, and the number of maleimid groups introduced into thyroglobulin was 4 per molecule.
- Example 1 (Measurement of human anti-thyrogloprine antibody)
- thyroglobulin-peroxidase was changed to thyroglobulin-1-D-galactosidase, and the yS-D-galactosidase activity bound to the plate was measured as follows.
- 5-D-galactosidase activity was measured in a reaction at room temperature for 30 minutes using 4-methylpumbelliferyl 5-D-galactoside as a substrate [Imakawa et al., Anals Clinical Biochemistry (An n. Cli n. Biooch em.), Volume 21, page 310 (1994)].
- Fluorometer is, 1 (T 8 0.1 M glycine -Na_ ⁇ _H buffer prepared by dissolving 4-methyl ⁇ Nbe Rif Eron (4MU) of M, were corrected indicates to fluorescence intensity pH l 0.3 as 1 0 0. As The result is shown in figure 2.
- Example 2 Purification of thyroglobulin and measurement of human anti-thyroglobulin antibody were performed according to the method of Example 1, and dinitrophenyl-thyroglobulin conjugated heron (anti-dinitrophenyl-peroxyserum albumin). Preparation of IgG-bound solid phase was performed according to the method of Example 2. Preparation of 1 / 5-D-galactosidase and measurement of 8-D-galactosidase activity followed the method of Example 3.
- Example 3 the thyroglobulin-binding solid phase was changed to dinitrophenyl-thyroglobulin-conjugated heron (anti-dinitrophenyl-peroxyserum albumin) IgG-binding solid phase, and the plate was treated in the same manner as in Example 3. -D-galactosidase activity was measured. Figure 2 shows the results.
- Comparative Example 2 In the measurement method of Comparative Example 2, a comparative example is shown in which the same labeled binding antigen as in Examples 3 and 4 is used.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1993/000143 WO1994018566A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-02-04 | Method of assaying specific antibody |
US08/495,618 US5639627A (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-02-04 | Method for assaying specific antibody |
EP93903312A EP0683396A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-02-04 | Method of assaying specific antibody |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP1993/000143 WO1994018566A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-02-04 | Method of assaying specific antibody |
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WO1994018566A1 true WO1994018566A1 (en) | 1994-08-18 |
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PCT/JP1993/000143 WO1994018566A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 | 1993-02-04 | Method of assaying specific antibody |
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US (1) | US5639627A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0683396A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994018566A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB9909661D0 (en) * | 1998-06-06 | 1999-06-23 | Rsr Ltd | Assays for TSH receptor autoantibodies |
EP2383290B1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2019-05-08 | Rsr Limited | Epitope regions of a thyrotropin (tsh) receptor, uses thereof and antibodies thereto |
NZ543495A (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2009-04-30 | Peregrine Pharmaceuticals Inc | Method and apparatus for continuous large-scale radiolabeling of proteins |
CN101921338A (zh) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-12-22 | 佳能株式会社 | 一种靶物质俘获体 |
JP5553615B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-01 | 2014-07-16 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | プロゾーン現象の低減を示すイムノアッセイ |
US20090104632A1 (en) * | 2007-10-21 | 2009-04-23 | Konrath John G | Modified two-step immunoassay exhibiting increased sensitivity |
US20090104634A1 (en) * | 2007-10-21 | 2009-04-23 | Abbott Laboratories | One-step immunoassays exhibiting increased sensitivity and specificity |
Citations (4)
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JPS6396557A (ja) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-27 | ヘキスト・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 免疫学的測定法 |
JPH02159562A (ja) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-06-19 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | 抗原に対してクラス特異的抗体の測定法及びこのために好適な試薬 |
JPH03144366A (ja) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-06-19 | Fujirebio Inc | 免疫測定法 |
JPH04344465A (ja) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-12-01 | Canon Inc | 免疫測定法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS60196669A (ja) * | 1984-03-21 | 1985-10-05 | Hitachi Ltd | 抗原抗体反応用分析方法および装置 |
DD256011A1 (de) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-04-20 | Bitterfeld Braunkohle | Wicklung, insbesondere transformatorwicklung hoher spannungsfestigkeit |
DE3705686C2 (de) * | 1987-02-23 | 1995-11-30 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Antikörpern |
JPH02247565A (ja) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-03 | Nippon Seiyaku Kk | ペルオキシダーゼ標識HB↓s抗原複合体、及びこの複合体を用いたHB↓s抗体の検出法 |
JPH0382962A (ja) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-04-08 | Tosoh Corp | B型肝炎ウィルスCore抗原に対する抗体の検出方法 |
-
1993
- 1993-02-04 US US08/495,618 patent/US5639627A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-04 EP EP93903312A patent/EP0683396A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-04 WO PCT/JP1993/000143 patent/WO1994018566A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6396557A (ja) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-27 | ヘキスト・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 免疫学的測定法 |
JPH02159562A (ja) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-06-19 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | 抗原に対してクラス特異的抗体の測定法及びこのために好適な試薬 |
JPH03144366A (ja) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-06-19 | Fujirebio Inc | 免疫測定法 |
JPH04344465A (ja) * | 1991-05-22 | 1992-12-01 | Canon Inc | 免疫測定法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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EIJI ISHIKAWA, TADASHI KAWAI, KIYOSHI MIYAI: "Enzymatic Immunoassay", December 15, 1978 (15.12.78), Igaku Shoin (Tokyo), p. 32 - p. 56. * |
KENICH KASAI, ISATAKE MATSUMOTO, MASATOSHI BEPPU: "Affinity Chromatographity", October 1, 1991 (01.10.91), Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (Tokyo), p. 10, p. 117 - p. 149. * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US5639627A (en) | 1997-06-17 |
EP0683396A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
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