WO1994016459A1 - Semiconductor expitaxial substrate - Google Patents
Semiconductor expitaxial substrate Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994016459A1 WO1994016459A1 PCT/JP1994/000032 JP9400032W WO9416459A1 WO 1994016459 A1 WO1994016459 A1 WO 1994016459A1 JP 9400032 W JP9400032 W JP 9400032W WO 9416459 A1 WO9416459 A1 WO 9416459A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- gaas
- epitaxy
- crystal
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 92
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
- SDTHIDMOBRXVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-6-methyl-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC=1NC(=O)NC(=O)C=1N(CCCl)CCCl SDTHIDMOBRXVOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027339 Menstruation irregular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORIDDWXQPAYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AsH3].[AsH3] Chemical compound [AsH3].[AsH3] QORIDDWXQPAYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical group [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66446—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
- H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02387—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02395—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02463—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02546—Arsenides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
- H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
- H01L21/02576—N-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2304/00—Special growth methods for semiconductor lasers
- H01S2304/04—MOCVD or MOVPE
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3201—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures incorporating bulkstrain effects, e.g. strain compensation, strain related to polarisation
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/3202—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures grown on specifically orientated substrates, or using orientation dependent growth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/32308—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength less than 900 nm
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound semiconductor epitaxy substrate formed on a single crystal gallium arsenide (hereinafter sometimes referred to as GaAs) substrate by an epitaxy vapor phase epitaxy method.
- GaAs gallium arsenide
- various semiconductor devices having desired performance can be obtained by providing a single crystal substrate with a crystal layer having necessary characteristics by various methods such as an ion implantation method, a diffusion method, and an epitaxy growth method. it can.
- the epitaxial growth method is widely used because it can control not only the amount of impurities but also the composition and thickness of a crystal in a very wide range and precisely.
- the epitaxial growth method used at this time there are known a liquid phase method, a gas phase method, and a molecular beam epitaxy method (hereinafter sometimes referred to as MBE method) which is a kind of a vacuum deposition method.
- MBE method molecular beam epitaxy method
- the vapor phase method is widely used industrially because it can process a large amount of substrates with good controllability.
- an organic metal compound or hydride of the atomic species constituting the epitaxial layer is used as a raw material, and is thermally decomposed on a substrate to grow a crystal (metal organic chemical vapor deposition method,
- the MOC VD method has been widely used in recent years because it has a wide range of applicable substances and is suitable for precise control of crystal composition and film thickness.
- HEMT high electron mobility transistors
- MOD FET modulation tran- sistor
- HJF ET hetero-junction field effect transistor
- the crystal used for this is grown by vapor phase epitaxy as described above, with the required electronic and GaAs and A1 GaAs crystals having the required structure grown on the GaAs substrate in the required structure. It can be manufactured by the following.
- a typical crystal for a semiconductor laser as a light emitting device is also provided with the required electrical characteristics, composition, and film thickness of G a A s and A 1 G according to the procedure described above.
- a necessary epitaxy substrate can be obtained by stacking and growing the aAs layer.
- the GaAs and A1 GaAs systems can match the lattice constant with any composition, and maintain good crystallinity. Although it is widely used because it is possible to make various types of heterojunction, by selecting an appropriate composition range that matches the lattice constant to G a As, A 1 (I n y G a (, -y ) ) (1 -x> P (where 0 x x 1, 0 x y 1), 1 n G a (1- x, A s y P (1 - y) (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 Crystal layers such as ⁇ y ⁇ 1) can also be laminated.
- a substrate used for various electronic devices such as the above-described field-effect transistor and semiconductor laser
- a substrate having a ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane or a plane equivalent thereto is generally widely used.
- the plane whose normal is slightly inclined from the ⁇ 100> direction is not the exact ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane.
- a so-called off-substrate is generally used.
- Uchida et al. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-65037 discloses that the U 0 ⁇ plane has one By tilting the crystal layer 1 ° to 6 ° in the direction, the surface defect density and uniformity of the crystal layer can be improved.
- Maeda et al. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-2843407 disclose that in the fabrication of HEMT crystals, electrons are also inclined by 3 ° to 9 ° in any direction from the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane. It is said that the degree can be improved. As described above, the effects range from improving the surface state to improving uniformity and crystallinity.
- a periodic step structure with the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane as the terrace is formed on the crystal surface, and each step proceeds in an orderly manner during crystal growth. It is thought that the growth proceeds in a so-called step flow mode, which has a favorable effect on crystallinity.
- an off-substrate in the vapor phase growth method has many advantages as described above, and is considered to be one of the conventional basic technologies.
- An epitaxy substrate having a plane orientation inclined from the ⁇ 100> orientation has been widely used industrially. .
- epitaxial growth layers have been performed on commonly used substrates under so-called lattice matching conditions so that the lattice constant matches that of the substrate. Therefore, when a GaAs substrate is used, A 1 ( ⁇ ny G a (1 -y)) (, -x) P (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), I n x G a (, -x, A s y P (1 - y) ( provided that 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ,. 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) and main configuration It has been used as a material.
- In x G a (,-As (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) has excellent electron transport properties, and can greatly change the energy gap depending on the composition.
- x 0. 4 9 around at I n x G 9 have - a s the use of lattice-matched possible I n P substrate have also been studied.
- an epitaxial substrate having a structure in which such an In x GaAs layer is inserted between one GaAs buffer layer and an n-type A1 GaAs electron supply layer HEMTs with better noise characteristics have been fabricated as compared to HEMTs composed of GaAs and A1 GaAs.
- the MBE method or the MOC VD method which has excellent controllability, has been used as the sole means of preparation.
- the MBE method or MOC VD method had problems with industrial productivity and device quality.
- the MBE method is an epitaxy growth method with very good thin film controllability, but the crystal by the MBE method has many surface defects, has a problem in device yield, and has a low crystal growth rate. And an ultra-high vacuum; and there were problems with productivity.
- the MOC VD method is excellent in surface condition and excellent in productivity. There was a problem in that the characteristics of a device using a taxi substrate were not necessarily better than those of a device manufactured using an epitaxial substrate manufactured by the MBE method with a similar design.
- the noise figure at 12 GHz is 0.8 to 0.9 dB, which is about 0.!
- the main cause is the transconductance of HEMT, and the transconductance of HEMT using a crystal substrate by MOCVD is about 5 to 15% lower than that using MBE. I understood.
- the MOC VD method is inferior in device characteristics, while the MBE method is excellent in characteristics and good due to the problem of surface condition and productivity of epitaxy substrates as described above.
- an epitaxial substrate containing InGaAs as a substrate which is made of GaAs that can be supplied industrially stably with a good surface condition and good device yield.
- the present invention provides a GaAs substrate, which is excellent in characteristics, has a good surface condition, has a good device yield, and can be supplied industrially stably, and comprises an epitaxy including In GaAs. It is intended to provide a substrate.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an epitaxial substrate including an In x Ga (As layer) suitable as a channel layer of a field effect transistor or an active layer of a semiconductor laser.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, the crystallographic plane orientation of the substrate is inclined from the crystallographic plane of one U00 ⁇ plane, and the magnitude of the inclination is large.
- a substrate grown by epitaxy on a single crystal gallium arsenide substrate having a temperature of 1 ° or less has been found to be able to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has led to the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
- the crystallographic plane orientation of the substrate is tilted from the crystallographic plane orientation of one U00 ⁇ plane, and the inclination is 1 ° or less on a single crystal gallium arsenide substrate.
- Rain Takisharu crystals are formed by the growth, a part at least of Epitakisharu crystals I n x G a ,, - x , a a s crystals (where 0 rather x rather 1), and is Epitakishi catcher Le growth
- a semiconductor epitaxy substrate which is performed by a thermal decomposition vapor deposition method.
- composition and film thickness of the 1 n XG a ( , -x, A s layer (however, 0 x 1) layer is the I ⁇ XG a (, -x, A s, where 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) layer
- Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a correlation diagram between the gate voltage of the HEMT and the transconductance (the standard deviation of the height of the unevenness is used as a parameter).
- composition and film thickness of each layer of the following crystal are in an approximate range, and are actually selected in various ranges according to required device characteristics.
- the surface of a high-resistance semi-insulating GaAs single crystal substrate is degreased and cleaned, etched, washed with water, and dried, and then placed on a heating table of a crystal growth furnace. Highly pure hydrogen inside the furnace After the replacement, heating is started, and when the temperature is stabilized at an appropriate temperature, the arsenic material is introduced into the furnace, and then the gallium material is introduced. After growing 0.1 to 2 m of high-purity GaAs over a required period of time, an indium raw material is added, and a non-doped InGa (,- ⁇ ) As layer (0 Grow ⁇ 1, preferably 0.1: X (0.3) is grown to 5 to 25 nm.
- a 1 G a (, -x) As layer (however, 0 x 1 and preferably 0.1) ⁇ X ⁇ 0.3) is grown by 1 to 2 nm. This layer may be omitted.
- an n-type dopant is added so that the carrier concentration is 1 to 3 ⁇ 10 cm : ⁇ n-type A 1 ⁇ Ga. X ) As layer (however, x ⁇ 1; preferably 0. 1 x x 0.3) is grown to a thickness of 30 to 50 nm, and then the supply of aluminum material is stopped. A n-type GaAs having a concentration of 2 to 10 ⁇ 10 1 K / cm ; i is grown to 30 to 200 nm. Finally, the crystal growth is stopped by stopping the supply of the gallium raw material and then the arsenic raw material, and after cooling, the stacked epitaxial substrates are taken out of the furnace to complete the crystal growth.
- the substrate temperature during crystal growth is typically in the range of about 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
- an organic metal and / or hydride as a raw material.
- arsenic trihydride As the arsenic raw material, arsenic trihydride (arsine) is generally used, but monoalkylarsine in which one hydrogen of arsine is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can also be used.
- a trialkylated or trihydrogenated compound in which an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or hydrogen is bonded to each metal atom, or a compound having an additional carbon number
- a compound is used in which a trialkyl compound composed of an alkyl group having 1 to 4 and an element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic is coordinated.
- hydrides such as silicon, germanium, tin, sulfur, and selenium, or alkylated compounds having an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be used.
- a high-resolution epitaxy substrate for HEMT using a normal type GaAs layer and an A1 GaAs layer which does not have an InGaAs layer in the epitaxy layer is used.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the epitaxial layer has an InGaAs layer, it has a direction inclined by 2 ° in the direction normally used, for example, from the ⁇ 100> direction to the ⁇ 110> direction.
- the crystallographic plane orientation of the substrate is one il00 ⁇ plane.
- crystals are formed by epitaxy growth on a single-crystal gallium arsenide substrate, which is inclined from the crystallographic plane orientation of which is less than ⁇ .
- the magnitude of the inclination is preferably not less than 0.05 ° and not more than 0.6 °, and more preferably not less than 0.1 ° and not more than 0.5 °.
- the semiconductor epitaxial substrate including the I ⁇ ⁇ G a ,, -x) A s layer obtained by the thermal decomposition vapor deposition method with the tilt angle defined as described above is obtained by ln x G a (, — X) A
- the substrate with small irregularities on the surface of the s layer More specifically, the same as in an epitaxial substrate for HEMT using a normal type GaAs layer and an A1Ga'A s layer which does not have an InGaAs layer in the epitaxial layer. The height of the irregularities was about 1 nm or less. Therefore, when applied to a transistor or the like, the transconductance and pinch-off characteristics described later are improved.
- the outline is considered as follows. That is, in a substrate having a plane orientation inclined from the H 0 0 ⁇ plane used in the conventional MOCVD method, atomic steps exist on the surface in a direction perpendicular to the inclination direction. When the tilt angle is 2 °, the step height is calculated to be 0.283 nm for GaAs and the average step interval is calculated to be 8.1 nm. Therefore, it is considered that such periodic irregularities originally exist on the crystal surface. Further, it is known that such a step may form a so-called macro step depending on conditions, where the steps are aggregated.
- the value obtained by dividing 1 by 0.283 nm is about 3 to 4 It is considered that macrosteps have occurred, and that the crystal containing the InGaAs layer has an even larger Mac mouth step.
- the principal plane orientation is the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane, and the greater the angle of inclination from that orientation, the greater the unevenness of the surface of the InGaAs layer, and the MOCVD method has been used as in the past.
- the tilt angle By setting the tilt angle to 1 ° or less, the unevenness of the surface can be suppressed to about 1 nm, which is almost the same as that of the normal layer not containing InGaAs.
- the principal plane orientation is the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane, and it is desirable that the orientation inclined from that orientation be closer to the 0—1 1> direction or a crystallographically equivalent orientation.
- the irregularities on the crystal plane further increase.
- the conventionally used ⁇ 110> direction or the direction crystallographically equivalent to the ⁇ 110> direction, which is located between these two directions, is not the best direction.
- Figure 1 shows a simulation of the gate voltage dependence of the resulting transconductance transconductance with the standard deviation of the height of the unevenness (5: unit nm) as the parameter. It is shown. From this, it can be seen that the maximum mutual conductance is reduced by nearly 30% and the pinch-off characteristic is also deteriorated due to the presence of irregularities of about 30 mm. This is in good agreement with the results actually observed in HEMTs produced by the M0CVD method using the current InGaAs layer.
- the variation of the InGaAs thickness is suppressed.
- the composition and thickness of the In x G a (, -X) As layer (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1) are determined by the In x G a u-) o As layer (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1). It is preferable that the thickness be within the elastic deformation limit because the film thickness variation is further suppressed.
- the range of the elastic deformation limit is defined by Equation (1) by Mathews et al.
- the critical film thickness Lc is based on the composition ratio of In
- the composition ratio of In is based on the critical film thickness Lc. Is derived.
- the In x G a (, -x) As (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) layer is a channel layer
- the characteristics are deteriorated due to the unevenness of the channel layer. No, HEMTs with excellent performance can be manufactured.
- the In x G au -A s (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) layer is used for a semiconductor laser having an active layer, it is possible to realize good oscillation characteristics without variation in oscillation wavelength.
- Example 1 The atomic force microscope is an atomic force microscope TMX-20 manufactured by TO POME TR IX.
- the specific composition and film thickness are as follows.
- a step-like step having a height of about 1 nm was formed at right angles to the ⁇ 0_11> direction.
- a crystal with a stack of 1 V cm 3 a recessed-gate type FET with a gate length of 1 ⁇ m was fabricated, and three-terminal transfer characteristics were measured at DC. As a result, a good value of 350 to 380 mS / Vmm was obtained.
- n 3 x 10 ⁇
- n 3 x 10 ⁇
- n 3 x 10 ⁇
- a recess type FET with a gate length of 1 m and a gate length of 1 m was fabricated in the same process as in Example 1, and three-terminal transfer characteristics were measured at DC.
- a K value of 270 to 310 m SZVmm was obtained as a K value as a measure of device performance, and it was found that the transmission characteristics were inferior to those of Example 1.
- Crystal growth and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a substrate tilted at 5 ° from the ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane to the ⁇ 0—11> direction was used. In the direction perpendicular to the direction, a large number of steps were observed with a period of about 400 nm and a surface shape with a height of unevenness of about 5 nm.
- the crystal growth and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substrate was tilted at 5 ° to the 0—1—1> direction from the U 0 0 ⁇ plane. A large number of steps in the direction perpendicular to the direction had irregular periods, and a surface shape with a height of irregularities of about 1 nm was observed.
- Crystal growth and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that a substrate tilted 2 ° from the U 0 ⁇ plane toward the 0—1 — 1> direction was used. As a result, a surface shape with a period of about 70 to 90 nm and an uneven height of about 3 nm was observed in a direction orthogonal to the ⁇ 0—1-1> direction.
- Crystal growth and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that a substrate tilted by 2 ° from the U 0 0 ⁇ plane to the ⁇ 0-11> direction was used. As a result, a surface shape with a height of about 2 nm with a period of about 50 nm was observed in the direction orthogonal to the 0—11 1> direction.
- Crystal growth and evaluation were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that a substrate tilted 5 ° from the U 0 0 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 110> direction was used. As a result, in the direction orthogonal to the ⁇ 110> direction, a surface shape with a period of 200 to 400 nm and an uneven height of about 5 nm was observed.
- the electron mobility at 77 K at this time was 2900 cm 2 / vsec.
- the epitaxy layer formed on the GaAs substrate according to the present invention and including the InGaAs layer has less microscopic unevenness of the InGaAs layer, and the InGaAs layer Since the variation in thickness is small, when the epitaxial substrate according to the present invention is used for various electronic devices, the characteristics of the device can be significantly improved.
- Epitakisharu substrate of the present invention for field effect Bok Rungis evening is a channel layer, the characteristics due to unevenness of the channel layer It is possible to produce HEM'T with excellent performance without deterioration.
- the epitaxy substrate of the present invention is used for a semiconductor laser having an active layer of 1 nxGa ⁇ - ⁇ ) As (0 ⁇ ⁇ 1), there is no variation in oscillation wavelength. It is possible to realize various oscillation characteristics.
- an epitaxial layer having excellent characteristics can be formed even by using the M 0 CVD method, the electronic element can be manufactured at low cost by utilizing the excellent productivity of the MOCVD method. Significance is extremely large.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904309A EP0631299A4 (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-01-12 | SEMICONDUCTOR EPITAXIAL SUBSTRATE. |
KR1019940703191A KR100281939B1 (ko) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-01-12 | 반도체 에피택셜 기판 |
US08/302,766 US5569954A (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-01-12 | Epitaxial Inx Ga.sub.(1-x) As having a slanted crystallographic plane azimuth |
CA002131696A CA2131696C (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-01-12 | Semiconductor epitaxial substrate |
SG1996002769A SG49646A1 (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-09-12 | Semiconductor epitaxial substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP394893 | 1993-01-13 | ||
JP5/3948 | 1993-01-13 |
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WO1994016459A1 true WO1994016459A1 (en) | 1994-07-21 |
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PCT/JP1994/000032 WO1994016459A1 (en) | 1993-01-13 | 1994-01-12 | Semiconductor expitaxial substrate |
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US (1) | US5569954A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0631299A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100281939B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2131696C (ja) |
SG (1) | SG49646A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW250574B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994016459A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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KR100760733B1 (ko) * | 1999-01-27 | 2007-09-21 | 텔레폰악티에볼라겟엘엠에릭슨(펍) | 동조 장치 |
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US6229153B1 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 2001-05-08 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Corporation | High peak current density resonant tunneling diode |
JP2002270516A (ja) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-20 | Nec Corp | Iii族窒化物半導体の成長方法、iii族窒化物半導体膜およびそれを用いた半導体素子 |
US8134223B2 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2012-03-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | III-V compound crystal and semiconductor electronic circuit element |
TWI402896B (zh) * | 2006-02-02 | 2013-07-21 | Nippon Mining Co | Substrate semiconductor growth substrate and epitaxial growth method |
TWI298209B (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-06-21 | Epistar Corp | Semiconductor light-emitting device and method for fabricating the same |
Citations (4)
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JPS61116823A (ja) * | 1984-10-22 | 1986-06-04 | Nec Corp | 結晶成長方法 |
JPS62144317A (ja) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 化合物半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH01128423A (ja) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-22 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置 |
JPH0442898A (ja) * | 1990-06-04 | 1992-02-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 化合物半導体の結晶成長方法 |
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NL171309C (nl) * | 1970-03-02 | 1983-03-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een halfgeleiderlichaam, waarbij een laag van siliciumdioxyde wordt gevormd op een oppervlak van een monokristallijn lichaam van silicium. |
US4688068A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1987-08-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Quantum well multijunction photovoltaic cell |
US4872046A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1989-10-03 | University Of Illinois | Heterojunction semiconductor device with <001> tilt |
US5221367A (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1993-06-22 | International Business Machines, Corp. | Strained defect-free epitaxial mismatched heterostructures and method of fabrication |
US5016252A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1991-05-14 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor laser device |
JPH03225928A (ja) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-10-04 | Hitachi Ltd | エピタキシャル成長法及び半導体装置 |
JPH03283427A (ja) * | 1990-03-29 | 1991-12-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 高電子移動度トランジスター用エピタキシャル基板の製造方法 |
JPH03290975A (ja) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-12-20 | Fujitsu Ltd | 縦型半導体装置 |
CA2041991A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1991-12-13 | Gary E. Bulman | Silcon-doped inygal-yas laser |
JPH0465037A (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-03-02 | Nakajima All Precision Kk | キーボード |
JPH05160515A (ja) * | 1991-12-04 | 1993-06-25 | Eastman Kodak Japan Kk | 量子井戸型レーザダイオード |
-
1994
- 1994-01-12 WO PCT/JP1994/000032 patent/WO1994016459A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-01-12 KR KR1019940703191A patent/KR100281939B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-01-12 EP EP94904309A patent/EP0631299A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-01-12 US US08/302,766 patent/US5569954A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-12 CA CA002131696A patent/CA2131696C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-18 TW TW083100379A patent/TW250574B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-12 SG SG1996002769A patent/SG49646A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
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JPS61116823A (ja) * | 1984-10-22 | 1986-06-04 | Nec Corp | 結晶成長方法 |
JPS62144317A (ja) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 化合物半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH01128423A (ja) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-22 | Sharp Corp | 半導体装置 |
JPH0442898A (ja) * | 1990-06-04 | 1992-02-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 化合物半導体の結晶成長方法 |
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KR100760733B1 (ko) * | 1999-01-27 | 2007-09-21 | 텔레폰악티에볼라겟엘엠에릭슨(펍) | 동조 장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0631299A4 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
KR100281939B1 (ko) | 2001-03-02 |
US5569954A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
EP0631299A1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
CA2131696C (en) | 2003-08-19 |
CA2131696A1 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
SG49646A1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
TW250574B (ja) | 1995-07-01 |
KR950700606A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
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