WO1994007642A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer verbindung zwischen einem vorwiegend aus eisen bestehenden metallteil und einem nichteisen-metallteil - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer verbindung zwischen einem vorwiegend aus eisen bestehenden metallteil und einem nichteisen-metallteil Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994007642A1 WO1994007642A1 PCT/AT1993/000147 AT9300147W WO9407642A1 WO 1994007642 A1 WO1994007642 A1 WO 1994007642A1 AT 9300147 W AT9300147 W AT 9300147W WO 9407642 A1 WO9407642 A1 WO 9407642A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- metal part
- filler material
- ferrous metal
- ferrous
- melting
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/002—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of light metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/004—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
Definitions
- the invention comprises a method and an apparatus and a weld seam, as described in the preambles of claims 1, 31 or 46.
- Different methods for joining iron materials to aluminum materials are known, which can be divided into processes without the involvement of a molten phase and processes with the involvement of a molten phase.
- the former methods include, in particular, friction welding, explosion welding and diffusion welding.
- the second two methods include soldering and bonding using intermediate layers.
- welded connectors as transition pieces
- these welded connectors e.g. form the connection point between the iron material and the aluminum by means of explosion welding, in which case these welding connectors formed from the iron material and the aluminum are provided between the workpieces to be connected from the iron material and the aluminum material, and thus the iron materials or aluminum Materials can be connected to the weld connector using conventional fusion welding processes.
- the present invention is based on the object of a method and to create a device for connecting a metal part consisting predominantly of iron to a non-ferrous metal part by fusion welding, without the need for expensive pretreatments for the metal parts to be connected and with which a strength is achieved in the connection area which at least matches the strength of the metal part corresponds to the lower strength.
- the filler material lies in physical properties (melting point, linear thermal expansion, etc.) between the two metal parts. This minimizes shrinkage stresses and / or warpage. Due to the high melting point of the filler material, for example, but this is not absolutely necessary, the viscosity can be approximately the same as that of the melt of the molten metal part, so that the filler material mixes too strongly with the material of the non-ferrous metal part and above all diffusion of the material of the non-ferrous metal part in the direction of the metal part is prevented. As a result, a diffusion or reaction or contact zone between the melt consisting predominantly of non-ferrous metal and the melt consisting predominantly of filler material can be kept low. This in turn favors the strengths that can be achieved with the welded joint.
- a load-bearing connection between the metal part and the non-ferrous metal part is achieved by using an additional material which connects both to the non-ferrous metal part and to the metal part and builds up a load-bearing structure becomes. This creates a transition between the metal part and the non-ferrous metal part, whereby the resilience of the weld seam lies above the corresponding limit values of the non-ferrous metal part. It is also advantageous that no complex surface pretreatment has to be carried out before the connection welding is carried out.
- the procedure according to claim 3 achieves a high-strength connection between the silver or silver alloy and the non-ferrous metal part, which is made in particular of aluminum, as a result of which the weld seam has better strength values than the non-ferrous metal part.
- the measure according to claim 4 ensures that, despite the alloying of the metal part with the material of the non-ferrous metal part, the area with an austenitic or austenitic-ferritic structure predominates and the weld seam thus remains sufficiently tough that the strength values achieved at least correspond to the strength values of the non-ferrous metal part.
- the measure according to claim 5 is also advantageous, since a continuous layer of an intermetallic phase can thereby be formed via the diffusion thus made, which, while maintaining the specified layer thickness, represents a sufficient transition strength between the metal part and the non-ferrous metal part. Adequate strength of the weld seam can thereby be achieved. It is also advantageous that the filler can be easily adapted to the respective non-ferrous metal, especially if it is an aluminum alloy.
- a procedure according to claim 6 is also advantageous, since this allows the amount of the melted material of the non-ferrous metal part to be kept low and nevertheless ensures that the metal part is melted or plasticized to the extent that an adequate connection with the filler material or with the Material of the non-ferrous metal part can arise.
- the process sequence according to claim 7 is particularly advantageous when using approximately the same materials for the filler material and for the non-ferrous metal part, since the energy density to be applied and the resulting molten pool can be easily adjusted so that the material is overloaded Non-ferrous metal part is avoided, whereas the main supply of heat via the filler material plasticizes the metal part via it and thus the alloying process or the material diffusion between the filler material and the material of the metal part can be initiated to a sufficient extent.
- a procedure according to claim 8 is also advantageous, since the seam strip with a predominantly austenitic crystal lattice thereby enables the welded joint to be highly tough.
- An advantage of the measures according to claim 9 is that the choice of the filler material means that the seam strip closest to the metal parts, despite the alloy with the aluminum, if the non-ferrous metal part consists of aluminum, preferably a predominantly austenitic crystal lattice has. Due to the satisfactory properties of the material with an austenitic crystal lattice, the resilience of the weld seam produced in this way is very high.
- the different viscosity also prevents the material of the non-ferrous metal part, in particular aluminum, from passing through in the direction of the metal part. This inhibits the build-up of ferrite in the metal part or in the zones adjoining the weld seam and achieves a strength of the weld seam which at least corresponds to the strength values of the non-ferrous metal part.
- the filler material can diffuse into the liquid melts of the metal part and non-ferrous metal part, so that very thin connecting layers between these different materials can also be achieved.
- a process sequence according to claim 18 is also advantageous, since it achieves a sufficient supply of energy to the filler metal or into the metal part and, on the other hand, prevents thermal overloading of the non-ferrous metal part.
- a composition of the filler material according to claims 23 and 24 is also advantageous, since the additives indicated influence the crystallization of the intermetallic phase in such a way that high strength is achieved.
- the measures according to claim 25 reduce embrittlement in the area of the welded joint by oxidation.
- the measure according to claim 26 is also advantageous since the filler materials can thus be produced more cost-effectively.
- the measure according to claim 28 ensures that a uniform arc with a constant energy density for melting the filler material is achieved.
- the time period over which the different materials can diffuse is reduced, so that the thickness of the reaction zones can be kept to the lowest possible extent.
- a procedure according to claim 30 is also advantageous, since the application of the buffer layer can improve the quality assurance in the production of a weld seam. Furthermore, this procedure for producing a buffer layer by means of a welding process also enables the possibility of connecting large components to one another using this method. In addition, there is great flexibility for the production of welded connections according to these methods, since these connections can then also be applied, for example, under construction site conditions, which was previously not possible.
- the invention also includes a device which is characterized by the characterizing features in claim 31. By using such additives, metal parts can be melted or plasticized at the welding point, so that a state that best corresponds to the desired connection properties between the liquid melts is quickly produced or the desired structural compositions can be achieved.
- the energy for melting the filler material and the metal part or the non-ferrous metal part takes place via an electron beam or laser beam separated from the filler material, as described in claim 38.
- an embodiment of the device according to claim 41 is also advantageous, since it enables an auxiliary material for producing a subsequent intimate connection between the filler metal, metal part and non-ferrous metal part to be applied in one operation.
- the further development according to claim 43 ensures that the auxiliary layer can be connected with sufficient strength to produce a perfect connection with sufficiently high performance and corresponding liquefaction of the auxiliary material, while filling the connecting seam between the metal part and the non-ferrous metal part in the area of the further electrode can also be carried out with the most suitable specific heat outputs.
- the formation of the weld seam according to claim 44 is also advantageous for connecting a metal part to a non-ferrous metal part.
- the arc build-up in particular the melting process of the non-ferrous metal part and metal part in the area of the weld seam, can be additionally favorably influenced.
- this weld seam is that by using an austenitic material for the filler material, especially if the non-ferrous metal part is aluminum, the proportion of ferrite in the weld seam can be kept surprisingly simple in a small way, which means that Strength properties of such weld seams between aluminum and a metal part made of iron or steel enable a strength lying above the strength values of the non-ferrous metal part.
- Figure 1 shows a device for performing the method according to the invention in side view and a greatly simplified, schematic representation.
- Fig. 2 shows a compound produced by the inventive method in Front view, sectioned and simplified, schematic representation
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of a connection made according to the method of the invention with a cored wire in a simplified, schematic representation
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment variant of the method according to the invention for producing a connection by means of a buffer layer in plan view and in a simplified, schematic representation
- FIG. 5 shows the connection area according to FIG. 4 in an end view, in section, according to the lines V-V in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a weld seam between a non-ferrous metal part and a metal part in end view, cut;
- FIG. 9 shows a detail from the region of the seam strip shown in FIG. 8 in an enlarged view compared to FIG. 8, according to the arrow IX in FIG. 8 in 335 times magnification;
- FIG. 10 shows a micrograph of a partial area of the seam strip according to FIG. 8 according to arrow X in a design enlarged 215 times;
- FIG. 11 shows a part of the reaction or contact zone between the seam strips directly adjacent to the metal part and the melted-on material of the non-ferrous metal part as a micrograph enlarged to 540 times, according to FIG. Arrow XI in Fig. 6;
- Fig. 12 is a Schaeffler diagram.
- a welding power source 1 for fusion welding is shown.
- This Welding current source 1 comprises a current source 2 with a power unit 3, a control device 4 and a switching element 5 assigned to the power unit 3 or the control device 4.
- the switching element 5 or the control device 4 is connected to a control valve 6 which is connected in a Supply line 7 for a gas 8, in particular a protective gas, for example nitrogen, helium or argon and the like, can be fed from a gas storage unit 9 to a welding torch 10.
- a gas 8 in particular a protective gas, for example nitrogen, helium or argon and the like
- a wire feed device 11 is also controlled via the control device 4, with a welding wire 13, e.g. is also fed from a storage drum into the area of the welding torch 10.
- the current for establishing an arc 14 between the welding wire 13 and a workpiece 15 is supplied via a supply line 16 from the power section 3 of the current source 2 to the welding torch 10 or the welding wire 13.
- a check valve 18 and an actuating member 19 in particular for activating the control device 4 or the power unit 3 and the associated one, is provided to interrupt the gas supply in the area of the welding torch 10, in particular in a handle 17 thereof Control valves 6 arranged.
- the non-ferrous metal part 20 being made of a non-ferrous material, e.g. made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the metal part 21 consists of an iron material.
- an additional material 25 is introduced between mutually facing end or side surfaces 23, 24 by melting the welding wire 13 forming a melting electrode 26. The melting of the melting electrode 26 takes place via the arc 14 built up between the melting electrode 26 and the non-ferrous or metal parts 20, 21.
- a melt pool 27 is formed from material portions of the filler material 25 and the non-ferrous or metal parts 20, 21 melted onto the end or side surfaces 23, 24.
- the gas 8 enveloping the arc 14 is fed through the welding torch 10, it coming from an opening 28 surrounding the filler material 25 in a ring on an end face 29 of the welding torch 10 facing the weld connection 22 exit.
- the gas 8 preventing the entry of oxygen consists in essentially from argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and slight traces of oxygen or a gas mixture of these gases.
- the welded connection 22 shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called butt seam between the non-ferrous or metal parts 20, 21, which have approximately the same thickness 30.
- a seam shape opening in the direction of the welding torch 10 has been found, a tip angle 31 being approximately between 75 ° and 120 °, preferably 90 °, and one Depth 32 of the V-shaped opening is approximately 2/3 of the thickness 30.
- a longitudinal central axis 34 of the arc 14 is aligned approximately at an angle of 90 ° to a surface 35 of the non-ferrous or metal parts 20, 21 and opposite the parting line 33 by one Distance 36 is displaced in the direction of the metal part 21 consisting of the iron material.
- an additional material 25 e.g., matched to the alloy composition of the metal part 21 and the non-ferrous metal part 20.
- an additional material 25 e.g., matched to the alloy composition of the metal part 21 and the non-ferrous metal part 20.
- an additional material 25 made of austenitic steel With an additional material 25 made of austenitic steel, the final strength of the welded joint 22 is reached, which corresponds to the strength of the non-ferrous metal part 20 having the lower strength.
- the filler material 25 supplied from the welding wire 13 by melting the welded joint 22 is designed in the exemplary embodiment shown as a solid wire 37 which contains the corresponding alloy components.
- a cored wire which has a tubular sheath, for example made of copper or a copper alloy, which is filled with a solidified powder, which in a distributed form contains the alloy components, such as chromium, manganese, is also suitable for the method. Titanium etc., and which also contains aggregates, such as so-called slag formers, combustibles, which in particular influence the seam formation as well as the surface quality of the seam to improve quality.
- the filler material 25 is fed into the parting line 33 by melting the welding wire 13 in the arc 14, the process being carried out in a protective gas bell to avoid the entry of oxygen from the atmosphere, which is done by supplying the gas 8 - in accordance with the arrows 38 through the welding torch 10 or through a gas outlet nozzle 39.
- the welding wire 13 is a cored wire 40 which has a tubular jacket 41, e.g. from a Cu tube or a tube from a copper alloy, which is provided with a core 42 made of solidified powder 43.
- This powder 43 contains, in a distributed form, the alloy components and also the additives, as already described above.
- a cross-sectional area 44 of the arc 14 running perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis 34 of the welding wire 13 is to the parting line 33 in the direction of the metal part 21 consisting of the iron material by the distance 36 transferred.
- approximately between 60% and 90% of the surface energy of the arc 14 strikes the metal part 21 consisting of the iron material.
- Differences resulting from the different physical values between the non-ferrous material and the ferrous material are thus compensated for and a uniform melting on the end or side surfaces 23, 24 and thus a melt bath symmetrical with respect to the parting line 33 are achieved .
- Transition zone 47 having a thickness 48, which is between 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, in particular 6 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, being formed between the mixing zones 45, 46.
- This transition zone 47 represents an embrittlement region which significantly influences the strength of the welded connection 22. With the aforementioned magnitude 48 of the transition zone 47, this leads to almost no reduction in the strength of the welded joint 22.
- a further welding torch 50 is arranged upstream of the welding torch 10 in the welding direction - according to arrow 49.
- the upstream welding torch 50 is pivoted in a plane perpendicular to the welding direction - according to the arrow 49 - with respect to the welding torch 10 such that the welding wire 13 of the upstream welding torch 50 is directed in the direction of the metal part made of the iron material 21 points.
- the filler material 25, which is released by the melting of the welding wire 13 in the arc 14, is thus directed in the direction of the end face or side face 24 of the metal part 21 consisting of the iron material.
- This forms a buffer layer 51 on the end face or side surface 24, which is connected in the immediately following welding process to the welding torch 10 via a connecting layer 52 to the non-ferrous metal part 20 made of non-ferrous material.
- This double burner can be designed such that two or more electrodes are arranged one behind the other in the welding direction, possibly also transversely to the welding direction, in one hand movement. These electrodes can be formed by the additional material or by non-burnable electrodes. Don't be burning
- the additional material is to be fed in to an extent corresponding to the number of electrodes.
- the protective gas jacket for the electrodes or the additional material forming the electrodes can be constructed separately for each electrode or the additional material. However, it is also possible to use a protective gas jacket with such a spatial extent that all electrodes or additional materials are covered by a single protective gas jacket or are arranged in the protective gas bell.
- the seam formation shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is, of course, also achieved if the buffer layer 51 on the metal part 21 is carried out completely independently and detached from the connecting layer 52 at any time beforehand. From this point of view, it is therefore also possible to first build up the buffer layer 51 with a welding unit by means of build-up welding on the metal part 21, in order then to use the same welding unit using the same or a different filler material to weld the seam between the metal part 21 and the non-ferrous metal part 20 to manufacture.
- This procedure enables, for example, the preparation of metal parts 21 and non-ferrous metal parts 20 to be connected in the workshop, so that on site only the weld seam then has to be produced on-site for connecting these parts using a single filler material with a single torch.
- FIG. 6 shows a weld seam 53 between a non-ferrous metal part 54 and a metal part 55 consisting predominantly of iron.
- the non-ferrous metal part 54 can be made of aluminum and the metal part 55 can be made of steel, for example.
- An electrode 56 which is formed by the welding wire 13, is preferably used to produce the weld 53.
- This welding wire 13 consists of an austenitic steel 57, and an arc 14, schematically indicated by broken lines, is built up between the metal part 55 and the non-ferrous metal part 54.
- electrode 56 or welding wire 13 one with a diameter 58 of e.g. 1.2 mm and a chrome nickel wire are used.
- a welding current source 1 is preferably used with which a pulsed current can be emitted, a particularly good welding result is achieved if a pulse voltage of 30-45 V, a pulse duration of 2-2.9 ms, a wire Feed speed of 6-8 m / min and a basic current of 30-45 A at a frequency of 90-100 Hz is used.
- a mean value of the voltage is preferably 18-24 V and a mean value of the current is 150-165 A and an average welding speed is 40-50 cm / min.
- the welding wire 13 is aligned with the welding seam 53 in such a way that it is located between a central longitudinal plane 59 and the metal part 55, a welding seam 53 is formed, the seam strip 60 of which is predominantly made of an additional material 61, e.g. consists of the austenitic steel 57, which is slightly mixed with the material of the metal part 55 in the area of a boundary layer 62.
- an additional material 61 e.g. consists of the austenitic steel 57, which is slightly mixed with the material of the metal part 55 in the area of a boundary layer 62.
- a reaction or contact zone 64 is arranged between this seam strip 60 and a seam strip 63 formed predominantly from the material of the non-ferrous metal part 54, which therefore consists predominantly of aluminum, and consists predominantly of the elements of the filler material 61 and Non-ferrous metal part 54 is formed.
- a thickness 65 of this reaction or contact zone 64 is between 1 and 15 ⁇ m. preferably 6 to 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a weld seam is shown in FIG. 1
- a very good welding quality is preferably achieved in the area of such a welding seam 53 if the cored wire is made of copper alloyed with 4.8% Cr and has a degree of filling of 18% with a diameter of 1.2 mm.
- a welding current source 1 in which pulse welding is possible, it is advantageous if a pulse voltage of 35-45 V, a pulse duration of 1.8-2.4 ms, a wire feed speed of 3-4 m / min, a basic current of 36-42 A and a frequency of 75-85 Hz is used.
- the mean value of the voltage should be 16-20 V and the mean value of the current 110-130 A and a welding speed of 40-52 cm / min.
- welded connections between a non-ferrous metal part 54 made of aluminum and a metal part 55 made predominantly of iron are obtained when using a welding wire made of a silver or copper alloy, for example made of a silver or silver-copper alloy, for example using a welding wire L-AG72 with a Diameter of 1.0 mm, reached when a pulse voltage of 30-38 V, a pulse duration of 1.5-2.3 ms, a wire feed speed of 5-7 m / min and a basic current of 32-38 A.
- a mean value of the voltage can preferably be 16-22 V and a mean value of the current 120-124 A and a welding speed 43-50 cm / min.
- Material of the welding wire 13 serving as an electrode is formed in particular by an austenitic steel 57, it goes without saying in the case of the previously described embodiment variants for the present method that when using copper or silver or their alloys the welding wire is used as an additional material these materials or material alloys and then not formed by the steel 57.
- the arrangement and procedure for producing the weld seam is, however, the same when using copper and copper alloys, and silver and silver alloys as when using austenitic steel 57 as an additional material, in which a large part of the energy supplied is directed against the metal part 21.
- a welding wire consisting of 99.5% Al with a diameter of 1.2 mm between the central longitudinal plane 59 and the non-ferrous metal part 54 is also made of aluminum.
- a pulse voltage can preferably be 36-44 V, a pulse duration 1.8-2.4 ms, a wire feed speed 4.5-5.5 m / min and a base current 50-60 A at a frequency of 120-128 Hz be.
- the mean value of the voltage is about 14-20 V and the mean value of the current at 100-106 A and the feed rate at 44-50 cm / min.
- a pulse voltage should be 28-36 V, a pulse duration 1.8-2.4 m / s, a wire feed speed 3.5-4.6 cm / min and a basic current 36-42 A at a frequency of 90-97 Hz .
- An average value of the voltage of 21.5 V and the current of 91 A at a welding speed of 42.6 cm / min will allow the buffer layer to be applied properly.
- An average of the voltage should be around 17.8 V and the current at 118 A at a welding speed of 46.5 cm / min.
- part of the weld seam 53 is shown as a micrograph in a magnification of 53 times.
- a welding wire 13 made of austenitic steel 57 was used as the filler material.
- the structure is predominantly austenitic and the ferrite is between dendrites 73 and 74 by alloying the additional material formed from austenitic steel 57 with the non-ferrous metal material, in particular aluminum , came into being the.
- the chemical composition of the material is shifted from the austenitic region into or across the boundary line between the austenitic and the austenitic / ferritic region. It is preferred to carry out the method in such a way or to produce the weld seam in such a way that the diffusion of the non-ferrous metal into the austenitic steel is so small that this boundary line is not exceeded or is only slightly exceeded.
- reaction or contact zone 64 is clearly shown in a micrograph as shown in FIG. 6, as was delimited by dash-dotted lines and designated by an arrow XI.
- the uniformly dark-shaded seam strip 60 can be seen, that of the seam strip 63, which is formed by the melted and then cooled material of the non-ferrous metal part 54 and the reaction in between. or contact zone 64 clearly recognizable.
- the seam strip 60 consists fundamentally of the additional material 61 formed by the austenitic steel, which with the material of the metal part 55 and the
- Non-ferrous metal part 54 or the elements contained in this material is alloyed.
- the seam strip 63 in the present micrograph consists of rod-shaped aluminum crystals 76, which are recognizable by the light surfaces in the micrograph, whereas the elements diffused by the filler material or the metal part 55 as deposits 77 at the grain boundaries between the stengei ⁇ shaped crystals of aluminum are clearly recognizable by their dark color.
- reaction or contact zone 64 can now be seen as a continuous strip, which over its longitudinal course has an average thickness 78 of at most 10 ⁇ m.
- This reaction or contact zone 64 consists of an intermetallic phase which is predominantly formed from the material of the non-ferrous metal part 54, the filler material 61 and the metal part 55.
- this reaction or contact zone 64 has a thickness 78 which is as small as possible, which is between 1 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
- This thickness 78 is, as in the exemplary embodiment shown with a thickness of only 10 ⁇ m, the higher the load
- Weld 53 since the thickness of the reaction or contact zone 64, due to its brittleness at room temperature, has a significant influence on the overall strength of the weld 53.
- the thickness 78 of this reaction or contact zone can now be achieved, inter alia, by a suitable choice of filler material 61, in the present case by austenitic steel 57 and by a corresponding control of the energy supply in the area of the weld seam 53.
- a Schaeffler diagram 79 is shown in FIG.
- the chromium equivalent is plotted on an abscissa 80 and the nickel equivalent is plotted on an ordinate 81.
- the solution according to the invention, in particular the method according to the invention and the device and the formation of the weld seam, is now based on the knowledge that the structure or the measures described above keep the structure in the weld seam 53 mainly in the austenitic region 82.
- This austenitic area is delimited by two boundary lines 83 and 84 from the austenitic / martensitic and from the austenitic / ferritic area 85 and 86, respectively.
- the non-ferrous metal part 54 is made of aluminum, then this metal is to be added to the chromium equivalency plotted on the abscissa 80 and, when contact is made between the additional material consisting of austenitic steel 57 and the non-ferrous metal part 54, leads to a shift in the point of the chemical Composition from an exclusively austenitic area in the direction of the austenitic / ferritic area.
- the person skilled in the art is now able to control the structural transformation in such a way that the austenitic region 82 is not left as far as possible, or if the boundary line 84 in the direction of the austenitic / ferritic region 86 is exceeded as little as possible.
- this enables, when a metal part is welded to a non-ferrous metal part made of aluminum, embrittlement, in particular in the seam strip 60, occurs due to the formation of ferrite. This can prevent the weld seam 53 from bursting in the area of an upper side 87 - see FIG. 8 - of the seam strip 60 when it is stressed by longitudinal bending.
- any other seam shape that is customary in welding processes such as, for example, the execution of fillet welds, is also possible.
- the method according to the invention also allows the connection to be carried out in any conventional welding position, such as, for example, the position of the tub, horizontally, transversely, vertically, overhead, etc.
- any conventional welding position such as, for example, the position of the tub, horizontally, transversely, vertically, overhead, etc.
- the usual methods known from welding technology and the suitable devices according to TIG, MIG or MAG, plasma, electron beam and laser beam can be used.
- FIGS. 1; 2; 3; 4.5; 6,8,9,10,11; 7; 12 shown designs, which form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention.
- the tasks and solutions according to the invention in this regard can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures.
- control device 44 cross-sectional area
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU48092/93A AU4809293A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-09-27 | Process and device for producing a bond between a metal component consisting mainly of iron and a non-ferrous metal component |
DE4394742T DE4394742D2 (de) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-09-27 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Verbindung zwischen einem vorwiegend aus Eisen bestehenden Metallteil und einem Nichteisen-Metallteil |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT195992 | 1992-10-05 | ||
ATA1959/92 | 1992-10-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994007642A1 true WO1994007642A1 (de) | 1994-04-14 |
Family
ID=3524752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AT1993/000147 WO1994007642A1 (de) | 1992-10-05 | 1993-09-27 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer verbindung zwischen einem vorwiegend aus eisen bestehenden metallteil und einem nichteisen-metallteil |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4809293A (de) |
DE (1) | DE4394742D2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1994007642A1 (de) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0736357A1 (de) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-09 | Sollac S.A. | Formteil eines Schienen- oder Kraftsfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Herstellen dieses Formteil |
EP0745449A1 (de) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-12-04 | Sollac S.A. | Stumpfschweissverfahren von zwei metallischen Blechplatten und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Automobilteil |
WO2002043913A1 (de) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Fronius Schweissmaschinen Produktion Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum verbinden von metallgegenständen |
EP1321218A2 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Fügen artverschiedener Verbindungen unter Schutzgas |
DE10304954A1 (de) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Schweißverfahren für Mischverbindungen |
EP1522678A3 (de) * | 2003-10-06 | 2012-08-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Fixierung für die Beschaufelung einer Strömungsmaschine und Fixiervorrichtung |
DE102013218761A1 (de) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stoffschlüssigen Verbinden mindestens zweier Bauteile mittels einer Schweißschicht |
Citations (3)
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US2790656A (en) * | 1953-03-31 | 1957-04-30 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum-dissimilar metal joint and method of making same |
DE1257310B (de) * | 1963-12-10 | 1967-12-28 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Verfahren zum Verschweissen von Aluminium und seinen Legierungen mit Stahl |
US4708282A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-11-24 | Huck Manufacturing Company | Welding alloy and method of making and using the same |
-
1993
- 1993-09-27 WO PCT/AT1993/000147 patent/WO1994007642A1/de active Application Filing
- 1993-09-27 AU AU48092/93A patent/AU4809293A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-27 DE DE4394742T patent/DE4394742D2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
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US2790656A (en) * | 1953-03-31 | 1957-04-30 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Aluminum-dissimilar metal joint and method of making same |
DE1257310B (de) * | 1963-12-10 | 1967-12-28 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Verfahren zum Verschweissen von Aluminium und seinen Legierungen mit Stahl |
US4708282A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-11-24 | Huck Manufacturing Company | Welding alloy and method of making and using the same |
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Title |
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AN 55-0021: "Joining Aluminum to Steel.", METALS ABSTRACTS, vol. 16, no. 1, January 1983 (1983-01-01), LONDON GB, pages 154 * |
D.R.G.ACHAR ET AL, PAMPHLET ALUMINIUM-VERLAG, 1982, DüSSELDORF * |
T. ISHIDA: "Interfacial phenomena of plasma arc welding of mild steel and aluminium", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, vol. 22, no. 3, March 1987 (1987-03-01), LONDON GB, pages 1061 - 1066 * |
V.R.RYABOV ET AL: "Research into the transitional zone in electron-beam welded joints between steel and aluminium", AUTOMATIC WELDING., vol. 28, no. 4, April 1975 (1975-04-01), CAMBRIDGE GB, pages 12 - 14 * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0736357A1 (de) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-09 | Sollac S.A. | Formteil eines Schienen- oder Kraftsfahrzeugs und Verfahren zum Herstellen dieses Formteil |
EP0745449A1 (de) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-12-04 | Sollac S.A. | Stumpfschweissverfahren von zwei metallischen Blechplatten und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Automobilteil |
WO2002043913A1 (de) * | 2000-12-01 | 2002-06-06 | Fronius Schweissmaschinen Produktion Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum verbinden von metallgegenständen |
EP1321218A2 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Fügen artverschiedener Verbindungen unter Schutzgas |
EP1321218A3 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-07-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Fügen artverschiedener Verbindungen unter Schutzgas |
US7189941B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2007-03-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Process for making heterogeneous joints under shielding gas |
DE10304954A1 (de) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-19 | Volkswagen Ag | Schweißverfahren für Mischverbindungen |
EP1522678A3 (de) * | 2003-10-06 | 2012-08-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Fixierung für die Beschaufelung einer Strömungsmaschine und Fixiervorrichtung |
DE102013218761A1 (de) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum stoffschlüssigen Verbinden mindestens zweier Bauteile mittels einer Schweißschicht |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4394742D2 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
AU4809293A (en) | 1994-04-26 |
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