WO1993020930A1 - Membran auf basis von graftcopolymeren - Google Patents
Membran auf basis von graftcopolymeren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993020930A1 WO1993020930A1 PCT/DE1993/000347 DE9300347W WO9320930A1 WO 1993020930 A1 WO1993020930 A1 WO 1993020930A1 DE 9300347 W DE9300347 W DE 9300347W WO 9320930 A1 WO9320930 A1 WO 9320930A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- membrane
- membrane according
- graft copolymers
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 cyclic olefins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 19
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DSVRVHYFPPQFTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-methyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C=C)C=C DSVRVHYFPPQFTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZKVMMSGRDBQIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)CCl ZKVMMSGRDBQIOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxyoctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C QJJDJWUCRAPCOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001082241 Lythrum hyssopifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FCCRGBVYSYHQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)O[Si](C)(C)C=C FCCRGBVYSYHQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003245 polyoctenamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004326 stimulated echo acquisition mode for imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/10—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/701—Polydimethylsiloxane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/78—Graft polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polycondensates with side or terminal unsaturations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/38—Graft polymerization
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/452—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences
- C08G77/455—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences containing polyamide, polyesteramide or polyimide sequences
Definitions
- the invention relates to a membrane, in particular a gas separation and pervaporation membrane, based on graft copolymers.
- the membrane according to the invention serves to separate gas mixtures and / or gas mixtures consisting of gases and vapors of organic solvents and / or for pervaporation of aqueous / organic or organic / organic mixtures.
- Integrally asymmetrical membranes consist of polymers or compatible polymer mixtures, which are brought into the form of a self-supporting and supporting membrane by a phase inversion process. This makes it possible to obtain a very thin, stable separating layer of the polymer or the polymer mixture.
- Composite membranes consist of thin films that are applied to suitable substrates of organic or inorganic substances.
- the carrier materials must be able to be incorporated into modules and be dimensionally stable. They must have a high gas permeability.
- As a support material for. B. microporous polysulfone, polypropylene, polyvinyl idene fluoride or polyetherimide supports as polymeric, organic substances and microporous glasses or microporous aluminum oxides as inorganic substances to choose from.
- Both, organic and inorganic carrier materials can be treated to smooth the surface with a very thin film of a particularly gas-permeable polymer (e.g. poly (dimethylsiloxane) or poly (trimethyl silylpropine).
- a particularly gas-permeable polymer e.g. poly (dimethylsiloxane) or poly (trimethyl silylpropine).
- the actual separating layer is applied to the surface of the treated or untreated microporous support, with the aim of producing large gas flows in the gas and gas / vapor separation to apply a thin film (e.g. 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m) of the separating polymer .
- a thin film e.g. 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m
- the gas flow through the separation layer can become so high that the resistance of the support material has an influence on the separation performance of the membrane (I. Pinnau, JG Wijmans, I. Blume, T. Kuroda, K.-V. Peinemann, Gas Permeation through Composite Membranes, J. Membrane Sei., 37 (1988) 81 and US-A 4 931 181).
- the effectiveness of the overall membrane therefore depends on how the carrier materials and the actual separating layer are coordinated. Not all substrates, e.g. B. PVDF carrier, polysulfone carrier, but especially hollow fiber membranes, can be produced with the necessary gas flows to provide an optimal basis for very fast release materials, such as. B. to form a PDMS membrane of 0.5 - 1 microns thick.
- the separation performance of a given polymer will deteriorate more or less with an unfavorable pressure ratio.
- PDMS elastomer poly (dimethyl siloxane)
- the object of the invention is to provide a membrane with a higher selectivity.
- Another object of the invention is to provide polymers which can be processed into membrane films and adhere well and permanently to a microporous support.
- a component of the membrane according to the invention and also of the graft copolymers according to the invention is a first polymer which is formally derivable from poly (dimethyl sil oxane) and has the following basic structure of the general formula I.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 which have no double bonds, are, for example, alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl ... octyl radicals
- radical R and / or R 2 has a double bond, it goes without saying that this radical must have at least 2 carbon atoms.
- the simplest and preferred residue is the vinyl residue.
- 1-chain alkenyl residues such as alkyl and butenyl residues etc. can also be used.
- This first polymer which can also be called the base polymer, preferably has an average molar mass of 10-300,000 g / mol and is of an oily consistency. In this form, however, the first polymer cannot be used as a membrane.
- a second component or a copolymer and adding a catalyst rubber-like moldings can be vulcanized after intensive mixing and heat treatment. However, this technique is unsuitable for the production of thin (0.5 - 20 ⁇ m) polymer films on a microporous support.
- siloxane copolymers capable of the hydrosilylation reaction can be used. These siloxane copolymers have at least one H atom directly bonded to an SI atom.
- the vulcanization can also be carried out in solution and on-line by gel chromatography methods check. This has the advantage that the vulcanization can be stopped at a defined point. This gives well-defined solutions which can be used as the basis for the filming of microporous supports known per se.
- the base polymer is preferably mixed with the second polymer or polymers in a suitable solvent, mixed with a second component and a catalyst as described above and crosslinked (vulcanized) in solution in part and thus to a certain point. This makes it possible to chemically bond polymeric substances that would otherwise result in a phase separation in the film and to place them in the form of a film on microporous supports without defects.
- radicals R 1 and R 2 which may be the same or different, preferably mean a linear, branched or cyclic C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon radical which has a preferably terminal double bond arranged in the main chain or in a side chain.
- Polymers synthesized by metathesis reaction from cyclic olefins preferably cyclopentene, cyclooctene, norbornene and dicyclopentadiene
- cyclic olefins preferably cyclopentene, cyclooctene, norbornene and dicyclopentadiene
- C C double bonds due to the production process, so that they can be used in the graft copolymerization according to the invention.
- the ratio of the first polymer or base polymer to the second polymer is not critical. These polymers can be used in any ratio.
- graft copolymers with or without reactive groups, on a smooth surface of glass, hydrophobic glass, metal or plastics or microporous substrates (e.g. microporous flat membranes or hollow fibers) consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyetherimide or the like the usual methods of making films.
- microporous substrates e.g. microporous flat membranes or hollow fibers
- These methods are beneficial for less viscous solutions in American literature are described as "meniscus coating” or "dip coating”. It can be used to produce thin films of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. For thicker films from 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, application from concentrated polymer solutions using a knife blade or glass rod is preferred.
- the evaporation of a 5 - 10% polymer solution can be used open on a glass plate or in a closed chamber by flushing with nitrogen or argon as a protective gas.
- the thickness of the membranes obtained is usually between 0.5 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the graft copolymers according to the invention have better gas / vapor separation properties than the previously known polymers and, depending on the requirements, can be processed to very thin or thick films which can thus be adjusted in thickness. They can also be cross-linked by suitable chemical reactions, making them dimensionally stable and insoluble. They can be applied to a microporous support and adhere well and permanently there.
- the membranes according to the invention obtained with the aid of the graft copolymers according to the invention are equally suitable for gas / vapor separation and for liquid / liquid separation (pervaporation).
- the graft copolymers can be applied in a reproducible and simple manner in defined layer thicknesses to suitable carrier materials and result in better membranes than the previously known membranes.
- the composite membranes produced with the aid of the graft copolymers according to the invention for the gas / Vapor separation and pervaporation have better selectivities and / or flows than previously known membranes.
- the polymers used are pre-crosslinked in solution. This pre-crosslinking was carried out to a defined degree, which is favorable for film formation, the pre-crosslinking preferably being checked by means of gel chromatography.
- the polymers used are in particular those which are suitable for crosslinking.
- Thin-film composite membranes can be produced from microporous supports from the solutions obtained after the pre-crosslinking.
- the films used are applied to the microporous support and crosslinked until they are insoluble.
- the pre-crosslinking and also the crosslinking to the point of insolubility are preferably achieved by a heat treatment.
- Thin polymer films from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m can best be applied to the above-mentioned polymers by "dip coating” or immersion processes on microporous supports. These are the preferred application methods.
- the solution usually has a concentration of 0.1 to 10%.
- Polymer films can be adjusted particularly well if the microporous support has been coated with a thin film of silicone. Since one component of the graft copolymers consists of silicone rubber, particularly good adhesion is guaranteed. This has corresponding advantages for the mechanical stability of the membranes according to the invention. Membrane separation processes are complex processes in use, the effectiveness of which is dependent on many parameters.
- the vapor / gas selectivity of the membranes according to the invention for various vapors such as methanol, MTBE, n-hexane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane or 1,1,2-trichlorofluoroethane is better by factors of up to 5 compared to the membrane standard PDMS.
- the rivers, however, are of the same order of magnitude.
- the membranes according to the invention show better accumulation of the organic component than the standard membrane material PDMS, with a comparable water flow.
- the present membranes can be easily adjusted in thickness, that is to say in the flow, and can therefore ensure the optimum separation performance on each support. This is in contrast to PDMS, where the thickness, which can easily be obtained, is limited to 0.5 to approx. 10 ⁇ m.
- Execution examples Examples 1 and 2 describe the preparation and analysis of pre-crosslinked polymer solutions.
- Example 3 describes the coating of microporous supports made of PEI and PVDF with solutions according to Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 4 shows the results of the pervaporation of n-butanol / water mixtures in comparison to PDMS (prior art).
- Example 5 describes the production of films of defined layer thickness from solutions according to Example 1 and the gas flows achieved on a carrier-supported 1 ⁇ m thick PDMS layer.
- Examples 6-8 describe the preparation of silicone icon graft copolymers with medium polar (Example 6; A4), polar (Example 7; C4) and non-polar (Example 8; P4) character as a pre-crosslinked, ready-to-use solution.
- Example 9 describes the permeabilities of the various polymers described above for pure gases and various vapors.
- Example 10 shows the flows and selectivities in the real mixture of methanol / argon with different methanol partial prints.
- Membrane GI 60 g (35-40%) methyl octyl- (3-4%) vinylmethyl- (56-64%) dimethyl siloxane polymer were mixed with 6 g (30-40%) methylhydro- (60-75%) dimethylsiloxane copolymer and mixed in 600 ml of i-octane dissolved. 0.6 ml of 3% platinum divinyl tetramethyldisiloxane complex in xylene was added and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the solution prepared in this way was very suitable for the production of microporous films on a porous support and was stable for a few weeks almost unchanged.
- the solution prepared in this way was very suitable for producing mi-porous films on a solid support and was stable for a few weeks almost unchanged.
- the layer thickness of the active membrane could be almost doubled by re-coating a coated and vulcanized support (see Examples 8-9).
- Test pieces were taken to measure the gas flows of nitrogen and oxygen. This makes it possible to measure the effective membrane thickness and to check whether there are pin holes in the membrane. With an O 2 / N 2 selectivity of 2.1 - 2.3, determined by p O 2 / p N 2 , the membrane is free of defects.
- Example 1 For this purpose, a solution prepared according to Example 1 was diluted to 0.5%, 2.5% and 5% and applied by dip coating to a microporous PEI support provided with a 1 ⁇ m PDMS layer and described by heat treatment as in Example 3 networked. The O 2 and N 2 flows were measured in order to find the effective layer thickness and the absence of defects.
- the membrane fluxes in the range of approx. 100 to 20 mbar at 20 ° C. were measured with a measuring apparatus for permeability measurement for vapors with falling feed pressures and evaluated with an e-function for the point 0 mbar feed pressure.
- Permeability of N 2 gives a very good approximation of the selectivity in the real steam / gas mixture.
- the measuring temperature was 20 o C.
- the measuring temperature was 20 ° C.
- the solution prepared in this way was very suitable for the production of microporous films on a porous support and was stable for a few weeks almost unchanged.
- the solution prepared in this way was very suitable for the production of microporous films on a porous support and was stable for almost a few weeks.
- the crosslinking reaction was checked by gel chromatography, as in Example 1, and an increase in the polydispersity M w / M n from 13 before the reaction to> 100 after
- a membrane with a thickness of 120 ⁇ m was produced from this solution and the gas flows were measured.
- the membrane was not very opalescent and colorless.
- a few square meters of composite membranes were produced on a membrane drawing machine using dip coating using a polymer solution produced by the same method.
- the gas measured values can be found in Examples 9 and 10.
- Membrane P4 5.0 g of Vestenamer 6213 were dissolved in 120 ml cyclohexane / carbon tetrachloride 100/20 vol / vol and with 5.0 g (35-40%) methyloctyl (3-4%) vinylmethyl (56-64%) dimethylsiloxane term polymer and 0.5 g (30-40%) of methyl hydro (60-75%) dimethylsiloxane copolymer was added. 50 ⁇ l of 3% platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane catalyst was added to the clear solution at 70 ° C and stirred at 70 ° C for 35 minutes.
- the solution prepared in this way was very suitable for the production of microporous films on a porous support and was stable for a few weeks almost unchanged.
- the crosslinking reaction was checked by gel chromatography as in Example 1 and an increase in the polydispersity M / M from 5.3 before the reaction to 6.7 was found after 35 minutes.
- a membrane with a thickness of 225 ⁇ m was produced from this solution and the gas flows were measured.
- the membrane was milky cloudy, colorless and very elastic.
- Example 9 shows the permeabilities and gas separation values for membrane test pieces and composite membranes listed.
- the composite membranes were produced on a membrane drawing machine by dip coating in a few square meters.
- Nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), chloromethane (CH 3 Cl) and chloroethane (CH 3 CH 2 Cl) were measured.
- AI poly (N-undecenoylmaleimidal t-octa-decyl vinyl ether);
- CI poly (N-undecenoylmaleimidalt-vinyl-2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl ether);
- AI poly (N-undecenoylmaleimide-alt-octadecyl vinyl ether);
- CI poly (N-undecenoylmaleimide-alt-vinyl-2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl ether);
- AI poly (N-undecenoylmaleimide-alt-octadecyl vinyl ether)
- the gas permeability for the methanol / argon mixture was measured at various methanol partial pressures using a measuring apparatus using the pressure increase method.
- the feed and permeate concentrations were measured on-line with a mass spectrometer.
- the selectivity and the permeate concentration were calculated from this. It was measured at 30 ° C. and a small step cut was taken (feed conc. Permeate conc.).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/325,371 US5595658A (en) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Membrane based on graft copolymers |
DE59303364T DE59303364D1 (de) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Membran auf basis von graftcopolymeren |
EP93908803A EP0637990B1 (de) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Membran auf basis von graftcopolymeren |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4213217A DE4213217C2 (de) | 1992-04-22 | 1992-04-22 | Membran auf Basis von Pfropfcopolymeren, Pfropfcopolymene und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
DEP4213217.7 | 1992-04-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1993020930A1 true WO1993020930A1 (de) | 1993-10-28 |
Family
ID=6457235
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1993/000347 WO1993020930A1 (de) | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-21 | Membran auf basis von graftcopolymeren |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5595658A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0637990B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE140875T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4213217C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993020930A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6075073A (en) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-06-13 | Apex Medical Technologies, Inc. | Latices from emulsified hydrocarbon rubber solutions by membrane separation |
CN1293936C (zh) * | 2004-01-05 | 2007-01-10 | 北京化工大学 | 一种优先脱醇分离膜的制备方法 |
US7811359B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2010-10-12 | General Electric Company | Composite membrane for separation of carbon dioxide |
JP5776274B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-09-09 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
CN102827371B (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-10-29 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种功能性聚硅氧烷及其制备和在气体分离膜中的应用 |
JP5849889B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2016-02-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 空調システム |
JP2014129998A (ja) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-07-10 | Akira Ishibashi | 壁ならびに高清浄部屋システムおよびその製造方法ならびに建築物 |
US9375685B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-06-28 | L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Membrane for the separation of a mixture of a polar fluid and a non-polar fluid and methods for use thereof |
RU2652228C1 (ru) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-04-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Российской академии наук (ИНХС РАН) | Способ получения композиционной мембраны и композиционная мембрана, полученная этим способом |
EP3819972B1 (de) | 2019-11-08 | 2022-12-28 | Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH | Stromversorgungssystem für unterwasserfahrzeuge |
Citations (6)
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EP0181772A2 (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-05-21 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Kompositmembranen zur Gastrennung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
EP0237581A1 (de) * | 1985-10-07 | 1987-09-23 | Sagami Chemical Research Center | Poly(di-substituiertes acetylen)/polyorganosiloxan entkopolymer und gastrennmembran |
EP0245516A1 (de) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-11-19 | Sagami Chemical Research Center | Polymermembran zur trennung von flüssigkeitsgemischen |
EP0254556A2 (de) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-27 | Bend Research, Inc. | Ultradünne semipermeable Membranen, die Oligomere und Copolymere von Siloxanen, Alkoxysilanen und Aryloxysilanen enthalten |
EP0367720A2 (de) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-09 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Polysiloxan-Polyurethane sowie daraus hergestellte Kontaktlinsen |
DE4120919A1 (de) * | 1990-08-22 | 1992-03-05 | Geesthacht Gkss Forschung | Membran, insbesondere gastrenn- oder pervaporationsmembran |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4245069A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1981-01-13 | Permavision | Polysiloxane composition |
JPS5895541A (ja) * | 1981-11-30 | 1983-06-07 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | 気体分離膜 |
JPS58180205A (ja) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 東京都港区虎ノ門二丁目5番21号 |
EP0361628B1 (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1993-10-13 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Composite-Membranen zur Gastrennung |
JPS62225513A (ja) * | 1986-03-26 | 1987-10-03 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | ブロツク・グラフト共重合体及びその製造法 |
KR920000944B1 (ko) * | 1989-11-11 | 1992-01-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 표면 개질된 다층 복합 산소 부화막 및 그 제조방법 |
DE4023960A1 (de) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-01-30 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Polyorganosiloxanhaltige polymere und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US5444106A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1995-08-22 | Kabi Pharmacia Ophthalmics, Inc. | High refractive index silicone compositions |
-
1992
- 1992-04-22 DE DE4213217A patent/DE4213217C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-04-21 AT AT93908803T patent/ATE140875T1/de active
- 1993-04-21 EP EP93908803A patent/EP0637990B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-21 WO PCT/DE1993/000347 patent/WO1993020930A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-04-21 DE DE59303364T patent/DE59303364D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-21 US US08/325,371 patent/US5595658A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0181772A2 (de) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-05-21 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Kompositmembranen zur Gastrennung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
EP0237581A1 (de) * | 1985-10-07 | 1987-09-23 | Sagami Chemical Research Center | Poly(di-substituiertes acetylen)/polyorganosiloxan entkopolymer und gastrennmembran |
EP0245516A1 (de) * | 1985-11-14 | 1987-11-19 | Sagami Chemical Research Center | Polymermembran zur trennung von flüssigkeitsgemischen |
EP0254556A2 (de) * | 1986-07-23 | 1988-01-27 | Bend Research, Inc. | Ultradünne semipermeable Membranen, die Oligomere und Copolymere von Siloxanen, Alkoxysilanen und Aryloxysilanen enthalten |
EP0367720A2 (de) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-09 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Polysiloxan-Polyurethane sowie daraus hergestellte Kontaktlinsen |
DE4120919A1 (de) * | 1990-08-22 | 1992-03-05 | Geesthacht Gkss Forschung | Membran, insbesondere gastrenn- oder pervaporationsmembran |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5595658A (en) | 1997-01-21 |
DE4213217A1 (de) | 1993-10-28 |
ATE140875T1 (de) | 1996-08-15 |
EP0637990B1 (de) | 1996-07-31 |
DE4213217C2 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
DE59303364D1 (de) | 1996-09-05 |
EP0637990A1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
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