WO1993012017A2 - Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993012017A2
WO1993012017A2 PCT/CH1992/000239 CH9200239W WO9312017A2 WO 1993012017 A2 WO1993012017 A2 WO 1993012017A2 CH 9200239 W CH9200239 W CH 9200239W WO 9312017 A2 WO9312017 A2 WO 9312017A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
collecting
type
coding
container
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1992/000239
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO1993012017A3 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Jürgen KAIBLINGER
Original Assignee
Chlean Plants & Engineering Establishment
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chlean Plants & Engineering Establishment filed Critical Chlean Plants & Engineering Establishment
Publication of WO1993012017A2 publication Critical patent/WO1993012017A2/fr
Publication of WO1993012017A3 publication Critical patent/WO1993012017A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/3412—Sorting according to other particular properties according to a code applied to the object which indicates a property of the object, e.g. quality class, contents or incorrect indication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the disposal and recycling of waste, a collecting container, a waste packaging device, a material sorting and / or sorting device and a cost accounting unit for carrying out the method.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method with which waste is recycled as inexpensively as possible and, if this is no longer possible, is disposed of as optimally as possible.
  • collection containers with waste of the same type of waste can be brought to central storage locations and to facilities specially equipped for one or more of the types of waste. If the collecting containers are provided with a coding characterizing the content, then, as provided in a preferred embodiment variant, the containers delivered to a storage location can be sorted automatically. If an identification of the person causing the waste is also attached to the container, an exact waste cost calculation can be created later, ie the person responsible for the waste can also be reimbursed for high-quality waste.
  • the waste generated can be automatically assigned to predetermined types of waste, thereby on the one hand making the selection of an incorrect type of waste due to insufficient knowledge of the material of the person causing the waste and thus a transfer of the waste to an incorrect disposal facility can be avoided.
  • a grinder or a press can also be used, with which the volume of waste can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, any liquid, in particular water, which arises during a compression process can be removed and the waste volume can thus be further reduced.
  • a preferred automatic monitoring of the degree of filling of the individual collecting containers means that their overfilling, ie. H. their overflowing and the associated poor closability and damage to the containers are avoided.
  • a disinfectant and / or odor-reducing agent can be added automatically. Furthermore, the collecting containers for introducing the waste can also be opened and closed again automatically, which greatly reduces odor emissions, prevents spilled waste from being poured in, and prevents unwanted and possibly illegal mixing of different types of waste disposal.
  • 1 is a block diagram of a waste packaging device
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a grinder of the waste packaging device shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective illustration of a collecting container
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective illustration of a transport tongs for transporting the collecting container shown in FIG. 3 and
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a material separation and / or sorting device with a cost accounting unit for the collection containers shown in FIG. 3.
  • the waste packaging unit 1 shown in functional blocks in FIG. 1 has a loading chamber 3 for introducing a quantity of waste to be disposed of, as well as an input keyboard 5 designed to be water-tight and connected to a control unit 4.
  • the control unit 4 and the input keyboard 5 are part of a waste type selection unit 6 the input keyboard 5 is by means of keys each a type of waste, preferably characterized by the product to be disposed of, such as. B. paper, garden waste, aluminum, sheet iron (cans), glass, ..., selectable.
  • the waste packaging unit 1 also has a plurality of collection containers 7, which are selected by the waste type selection unit 6 in accordance with the input of the type of waste on the keyboard 5 in a storage station B and are conveyed by a conveyor unit. direction 37 are then brought to a loading station A.
  • the feed chamber 3 has an input opening 9 and an outlet 10, which can be closed with a closure 11 or 13.
  • the closure 11 is opened and the closure 13 is closed after one of the waste disposal selection keys on the input keyboard 5 has been pressed. After the amount of waste to be disposed of has been introduced into the loading chamber 3 and a key on the input keyboard 5 responsible for starting the disposal process has been pressed, the closure 11 is closed and the closure 13 opened and the disposal process in question is started, as described below.
  • the outlet 10 opens into a grinder 15, the grinding and shredding rollers 17 of which can be adjusted in their grinding distance.
  • the grinder 15 is used for tearing paper waste, for shredding organic kitchen waste, for cutting (shredding) cans and tubes, for breaking glass and plastic containers.
  • the grinder 15 has three bevel gears 17a, b and c designed as grinding and tearing rollers, which are surrounded by a housing 18.
  • the two bevel gears 17a and 17b can be moved towards and away from one another with their aligned axes.
  • the axis of the bevel gear 17c is level, formed by the axes of the bevel gears 17a and 17b.
  • the axis of the bevel gear 17c is perpendicular to the axes of the bevel gears 17a and 17b.
  • the bevel gear 17c can be moved towards and away from the two bevel gears 17a and 17b.
  • the bevel gears 17a, b and c can be pushed into one another until the bevel gear 17a meshes with the bevel gear 17b and this meshes with the bevel gear 17c.
  • the tooth combs of the teeth of the bevel gears 17a, b and c do not run in one piece radially from the outside inwards, but are interrupted in such a way that individual raised tooth comb areas are formed. Between the individual tooth comb areas, the tooth valleys are completely broken through to the back of the bevel gear.
  • the adjustment and drive device for the bevel gears 17a to c is only shown schematically by a function block connected to the control unit 4.
  • the functional block for driving and adjusting the bevel gear 17c is connected to it in such a way that the housing 18 can be rotated about the axis of the two bevel gears 17a and 17b, as already explained above.
  • the housing 18 can be rotated about the axes of the bevel gears 17a and 17b with a gearwheel 20 which meshes with a ring gear 16 on the housing 18. It has a housing opening 19 which is arranged opposite the bevel gear 17c. This housing opening 19 is used for filling the waste to be shredded and for unloading, ie for transferring the shredded waste to the pressing unit 21 described below, and is provided with a closure cover 24 which can be removed by means of a closing unit 28 which can be controlled by the control unit 4 during the shredding process ⁇ reduction process closed.
  • the housing 18 can be rotated about the axes of the bevel gears 17a and 17b, the waste to be comminuted falls again and again between the bevel gears 17a, 17b and 17c in order to again be caused by the gap between the bevel gears to be narrowed during the comminution process 17a and 17c and the gap between the bevel gears 17b and 17c to be pressed.
  • the inner wall and the interior of the housing 18 can be designed in such a way that the waste is routed again and again preferably into the space between the bevel gears 17a to c during the rotation of the housing. Is a waste amount consisting of z. B.
  • the housing opening 19 is rotated downward and the inevitable waste falls through through the opened press unit a separate collection container from which it can be removed for special disposal.
  • the housing opening 19 is pivoted in such a way that it lies above the inlet opening 22 of the pressing unit 21.
  • the crushed waste is pressed in the pressing unit 21, and if possible dewatered and compacted.
  • a liquid drain pipe 25 which is connected to a pump 26.
  • the pump outlet is connected via a drain pipe 27 to the sewage system 29 for introducing the pumped water.
  • the outlet 31 of the press unit 21 leads to a collecting container 7 provided by the control unit 4 by means of the conveying device 37 from a storage station B.
  • the waste is pressed into the collection container 7 by a punch 36 from the press unit 21.
  • a displacement transducer 38 is arranged on this stamp 36 and is connected to the control unit 4.
  • the degree of filling results from the path of the stamp 36 into the collecting container 7. If a predetermined degree of filling is reached, this collecting container 7 is conveyed with the conveying device 37 described below on the basis of a signal from the control unit 4 to the exchange station C described below and the input opening 3 is kept closed until the same. El container 7 has been replaced by an empty one.
  • the collection containers 7 can be closed with a lid 39, on the one hand to avoid odor emissions and to empty the collection containers 7 during transport outside the waste packaging unit 1.
  • the cover 39 can be secured with a lock 41 against unauthorized and unwanted opening. If one of the collecting containers 7 has now been selected by the selection device 6 and transported by means of the conveying device 37 under the outlet 31 of the pressing unit 21, the locking device 41 is unlocked with a device 43 and the cover 39 closing the container opening 45 is removed . After the waste has been introduced, the opening 45 of the collecting container 7 is closed again with the lid 39 and the lid 39 is locked.
  • the collecting container 7 is from its current loading station A with the conveyor device 37 controllable by the waste type selection unit 6 into a storage station B, in which there are further collecting containers 7 each assigned to a single type of waste, or into one Exchange station C for exchanging a full for an empty collection container 7.
  • the exchange station C there is a coding device 47 with which the key field 53 described below can be activated when an empty container 7 is inserted. Only through this activation can the coding field of the collecting container 7 described below be coded to the type of waste that has just been removed and to be refilled, and to the identification of the person who caused the waste. This process is intended to prevent unauthorized encoding from being possible.
  • the respective coding of the other collection containers 7 located in the storage station B took place when they were inserted in the exchange station C and is stored in the control unit 4. So that a confusion of the Collection container 7 after a Str ⁇ failure or possible manipulation by the waste generator is not possible, the coding is checked again before each loading of the collection container 7 with a new amount of waste in the exchange station C before transport under the exit 31 of the press 21.
  • the handling devices represented by functional boxes are generally not identified by reference numbers.
  • the functions to be performed are indicated by a double arrow for linear forward and backward movements, the gripping or coupling process not being shown separately, and for rotations by a rotating arrow which indicates the direction of rotation.
  • the cuboid-shaped collecting container 7 shown in FIG. 3 has a base body 51, on which the lid 39, already mentioned above, is locked with the lock 41, also mentioned above, arranged in a side wall 52a of the base body 51.
  • a key field 53 and a coding field 55 are likewise arranged in the side wall 52a of the base body 51.
  • the key field 53 is designed such that a key (not shown) of the coding device 47 can be inserted. Only when the key is inserted can the coding field 55 be coded to identify the person who caused the waste and the waste to be introduced.
  • the presence of the key suitable for the key field 53 is intended to prevent unauthorized persons and the person responsible for the waste himself from subsequently changing his identification and the identification of the waste brought in, since this coding, as described below is used to calculate the waste fees to be paid or reimbursed.
  • the coding serves to identify the work to be carried out for waste disposal and possible recycling. Manipulated coding would mislead waste disposal or recycling and would result in incorrect billing for the person causing the waste.
  • the coding in the coding field 55 is designed in such a way that it is machine-readable on the one hand and also readable as plain text on the other hand, so that when the filled collecting containers 7 are already picked up from the "Garbage men" the correctness of the labeling can be checked.
  • the coding takes place after the insertion of the suitable key, as already described above, by mechanical adjustment of a combination of pins (not shown) and spaces between the pins.
  • coding can also be carried out on a magnetic strip.
  • this coding must not be lost during the rough operation of the entire waste disposal process or must not be lost by magnetized parts.
  • a protective cover could be arranged on the magnetic strip, which can only be removed with the appropriate key.
  • this type of coding has the disadvantage that it can no longer be read by the "garbage collectors" for control purposes.
  • optical coding can also be used, for.
  • Cover 39 and base body 51 are cut to one another in such a way that there are no edges and gaps that are difficult to clean, so that no waste can be deposited therein.
  • a transport tongs 57 shown in FIG. 4 are used to transport the collecting containers 7.
  • One of the ends of the two jaws 56a and 56b of the pliers 57 is pivotably mounted on one of the ends of a rigid bracket plate 58 by means of joints 66a and 66b.
  • beads 59 are arranged which fit into the recesses 54 of the container side walls 52a and 52b.
  • a rope end 60a to 60d is attached in each of the longitudinal edge regions thereof.
  • the ropes 60a to 60d are deflected in the vertical direction by deflection points 62a to 62d in the bracket plate 58 and are attached at their other end to a carrying handle 64 of the transport tongs 57.
  • the jaws 56a and 56b are placed on the side walls 52a and 52b of one of the containers 7 to be transported and the handle 64 is pulled up, whereby the beads 59 of the jaws 56a and 56b press into the recesses 54 of the side walls 52a and 52b become.
  • the collecting container 7 can now be carried with the transport tongs 57.
  • the type of waste just incurred is linked to its type of disposal is selected with the input keyboard 5 of the waste packaging unit 1 (e.g. vegetable waste). Then a signal to the shutter 11 'is added to opening of the infeed opening 9 of the control unit. 4 At the same time, the control unit 4 sends a signal to the conveying device 37, which selects from the collection containers 7 located in the storage station B the one whose coding field 55 is coded in accordance with the type of waste to be packed, and conveys this collection container 7 after checking its coding in the Exchange station C under the outlet 31 of the press 21.
  • the conveying device 37 selects from the collection containers 7 located in the storage station B the one whose coding field 55 is coded in accordance with the type of waste to be packed, and conveys this collection container 7 after checking its coding in the Exchange station C under the outlet 31 of the press 21.
  • the outlet 10 of which is closed with the closure 13 a start key of the input keyboard 5 is actuated, after which the input opening 3 closes. If the input opening 3 is completely closed, the closure 13 opens, the vegetable waste falls into the grinder 15, is crushed here and then compressed and dewatered in the press 21. The squeezed water is sucked off into the sewer 29 by means of the pump 26.
  • the lid 39 of the collecting container 7 was unlocked by means of the lid release 41 and removed by the device 43.
  • the collecting container 7 is now ready to receive the compacted and dewatered waste.
  • the output of the press 21 is released, whereupon the waste falls into the container 7 provided.
  • the stamp 36 presses the waste into the container 7, the path transducer 38 measures the path of the stamp 36 and transmits the measured value to the control unit 4.
  • a disinfectant and odor-reducing agent is sprayed onto the waste in the container 7 from the nozzle 33 .
  • the collecting container 7 is again operated by the device 43. which is closed with the lid 39 and locked with the lid lock 41.
  • the collecting container 7 is moved back to the storage station B by the conveying device 37. If the stamp path determined with the displacement sensor 38 corresponds to a not yet completely filled collecting container 7, the next quantity of waste can be introduced into the loading chamber 3. In the case of a completely filled collecting container 7, the closure 11 is kept closed until the relevant collecting container 7 has been replaced.
  • the grinder 15 is designed such that it can shred metal sheets as well as smash glass.
  • the filled collecting containers 7 are picked up at predetermined intervals from the person causing the waste in a vehicle (not shown) and taken to a material separation and sorting system as an intermediate or final storage facility 61.
  • the data of the coding fields 55 on the collecting containers 7 can be checked in the vehicle for the first time.
  • it can be determined whether the cause of the waste, which can be identified by means of the data in the coding field 55, is existing, whether he is authorized to park the waste at the collection point from which the collection container or containers were removed, etc. etc. an equal number of empty and clean waste collection containers 7 are delivered to the vehicle after receiving the waste collection containers 7.
  • the empty collecting containers 7 are preferably delivered in the same number as the received collecting containers 7.
  • the collected containers 7 can also be provided with an identification identifying the waste user be provided, which can be used to ensure that each waste producer receives the same number of empty containers as he has given up. An unlawful theft of collection containers by unauthorized persons could thus be prevented.
  • the bearing 61 has an input device 63 for the collecting container 7, from which a conveying device 65 removes the collecting container 7 and passes the collecting container 7 past a reading station 67 for the coding field 55. According to the read coding, the collecting containers 7 are transported by a separating device 69 according to their contents to storage locations ⁇ to L- ⁇ with the same contents of the collecting container. The collection containers 7 of a storage location L are then disposed of in accordance with their contents.
  • the reading station 67 transmits the information about the person responsible for the waste and the content of the respective collecting container 7 determined from the coding of the coding field 55 to a cost accounting unit 71, which determines the disposal costs to be paid by the person responsible for the waste or the costs for the delivered ones amount of reusable materials to be reimbursed. Not only can the amount of waste and thus the fees be determined depending on the amount of waste; other control and / or billing options can also be implemented, such as B. statistical surveys, etc.
  • a weighing station (not shown) can also be arranged after the reading station 67, so that a correct calculation of the disposal fee is possible even if the collecting containers 7 are not completely filled.
  • the quantity of waste introduced can also be selected in accordance with the selection of their type of waste the waste type selection unit 6 are introduced into a selected collection container without having to transport it out of the storage station.
  • Other reading stations -z. B. be arranged at the final disposal of the waste so that waste can also be brought to bear, who have succeeded in filling the container 7 with other waste than specified by the coding.
  • the type of waste is selected with an input keyboard 5.
  • this selection method the design of which is simple, it can happen that a quantity of waste is carelessly introduced into a wrong collecting container 7. Although this inattention can be punished later by a penalty amount from the cost accounting unit, it can be avoided by automatic detection of the type of waste.
  • the conductivity of the waste can be determined by means of a plurality of electrodes arranged in the loading chamber 3, which can preferably be pressed mechanically against the waste introduced. Furthermore, the force-time-distance curve when the electrodes are pressed can be used to determine whether the material is soft or hard. Magnetizable materials, such as iron connections, can be determined by a force acting on a magnet or a current-carrying coil.
  • Hazardous waste such as B. Batteries are placed in a separate collection container 7 with the grinding and pressing unit switched off.
  • a reader connected to the control unit 4 such as, for. B. a bar code reader. If the legislator or industry tries to label packaging material such as plastic bottles and shock-insulating packaging in accordance with the plastic used, this identification can be recognized with the reader and the plastic can be stored in the collection container 7 intended for it .
  • the size of the waste packaging device depends on the one hand on the volume of the collecting containers - how much waste must be storable within a predetermined period of time - and on the number of collecting containers - how many different types of waste are to be collected separately.
  • the waste packaging device In the case of an apartment building, the waste packaging device is a plant parked in the yard, whereas in a single-family household with six collecting containers for organic waste, glass, plastic, tin cans, aluminum and paper, it can be installed in the kitchen together with a not too small sink.

Landscapes

  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

Afin d'éliminer les déchets, on sélectionne, au moyen d'une unité (6) de sélection de types de déchets, un type de déchet parmi une pluralité de types prédéterminés de déchets et on introduit les déchets, au moyen d'un convoyeur (37) qui coopère avec l'unité (6) de sélection de types de déchets, dans un récipient collecteur (7) mis automatiquement à disposition à des fins de conditionnement. Avant leur introduction dans le récipient collecteur (7), les déchets peuvent être automatiquement triturés dans un broyeur (15) et comprimés et compactés dans une presse (21). En outre, les récipients collecteurs (7) peuvent être pourvus d'un code permettant l'identification de leur contenu ainsi que de l'origine des déchets. Un dispositif (1) de conditionnement des déchets conditionne les déchets dans les récipients collecteurs (7). Les récipients collecteurs remplis de déchets sont stockés temporairement ou définitivement dans un dispositif de séparation et/ou de triage de matériaux, cela en fonction de leur code lu par un organe de lecture. En outre, le code lu peut être utilisé pour déterminer les frais d'enlèvement des déchets.
PCT/CH1992/000239 1991-12-13 1992-12-11 Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets WO1993012017A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH369991 1991-12-13
CH3699/91-0 1991-12-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993012017A2 true WO1993012017A2 (fr) 1993-06-24
WO1993012017A3 WO1993012017A3 (fr) 1993-09-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CH1992/000239 WO1993012017A2 (fr) 1991-12-13 1992-12-11 Procede et dispositif d'elimination de dechets

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0656233A2 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-07 Maximinus Anthonius Josephus Maria De Beer Système de retour et emballage comprenant un emballage externe et un emballage interne ayant des moyens d'identification
DE19622183A1 (de) * 1996-06-01 1997-12-04 Klaus Rudolph Vorrichtung zum Sortieren und/oder Sammeln von Materialien

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105923295A (zh) * 2016-05-28 2016-09-07 李建南 一种环保型医疗防传染病型废品收集装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0275495A2 (fr) * 1987-01-23 1988-07-27 Blanco GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de récolte de déchets pour un évier, en particulier pour un évier incorporé
BE1000932A7 (nl) * 1987-09-22 1989-05-16 Nipak B V B A Inrichting voor het selekteren en verzamelen van afval.
US5031829A (en) * 1990-07-23 1991-07-16 Mark Shantzis Separated waste collection system for multi-story building
WO1991013010A1 (fr) * 1990-02-20 1991-09-05 Pryde Foundation Appareil de traitement de dechets menagers
WO1991020057A1 (fr) * 1990-06-09 1991-12-26 Femboeck Josef Systeme de saisie automatique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0275495A2 (fr) * 1987-01-23 1988-07-27 Blanco GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de récolte de déchets pour un évier, en particulier pour un évier incorporé
BE1000932A7 (nl) * 1987-09-22 1989-05-16 Nipak B V B A Inrichting voor het selekteren en verzamelen van afval.
WO1991013010A1 (fr) * 1990-02-20 1991-09-05 Pryde Foundation Appareil de traitement de dechets menagers
WO1991020057A1 (fr) * 1990-06-09 1991-12-26 Femboeck Josef Systeme de saisie automatique
US5031829A (en) * 1990-07-23 1991-07-16 Mark Shantzis Separated waste collection system for multi-story building

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0656233A2 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1995-06-07 Maximinus Anthonius Josephus Maria De Beer Système de retour et emballage comprenant un emballage externe et un emballage interne ayant des moyens d'identification
EP0656233A3 (fr) * 1993-12-01 1996-03-06 Beer Maximinus Anthonius Josep Système de retour et emballage comprenant un emballage externe et un emballage interne ayant des moyens d'identification.
DE19622183A1 (de) * 1996-06-01 1997-12-04 Klaus Rudolph Vorrichtung zum Sortieren und/oder Sammeln von Materialien

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