WO1992019733A1 - Recepteur thyroidien de n-acetylglucosamine - Google Patents
Recepteur thyroidien de n-acetylglucosamine Download PDFInfo
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- WO1992019733A1 WO1992019733A1 PCT/FR1992/000396 FR9200396W WO9219733A1 WO 1992019733 A1 WO1992019733 A1 WO 1992019733A1 FR 9200396 W FR9200396 W FR 9200396W WO 9219733 A1 WO9219733 A1 WO 9219733A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2869—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against hormone receptors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the thyroid proho ⁇ onal receptor, its purification method and its use in diagnostic tests for thyroid pathologies. Furthermore, the invention relates to antibodies directed against the receptor and the use of part of the receptor as a "delay molecule", to prolong the half-life of a pharmacological agent.
- the first attempts to characterize and purify the GlcNAc thyroid receptor (Miguelis et al, J. Biol. Chem., Vol 262, 31, pp 15291-15298, November 1987) only allowed a very small amount to be recovered. largely contaminated protein material. Its analysis on SDS-PAGE under denaturing conditions revealed a protein of molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa, but a protein "trail" from 43 kDa to 60 kDa suggested that the preparation could be contaminated by cellular proteins such as epithelial cell cytokeratins (40-70 kDa), actin, tubulin (43 kDa) and lectin-like proteins, i.e. of the same family, such as mannose-6-phosphate receptors ( 43 kDa). This preparation contaminated could not be purified further and could not allow the complete characterization, the sequencing of the receptor, or the preparation of antibodies specific to the receptor.
- epithelial cell cytokeratins 40-70
- the receptor could be classified as a member of the family of calcium-dependent animal lectins, when it was observed: 1) that the binding of ligands required the presence of calcium at physiological concentrations (cf MIQUELIS et al, Ibid) and 2) that antibodies generated in rabbits by a consensus sequence present in these lectins recognized the preparation of the thyroid receptor (Blanck O. et al, 1990, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Corn. 169, 880-887).
- This family of animal lectins has only one domain in common, that of carbohydrate residue recognition (or "carbohydrate recognition domain", C.R.D.), consisting of approximately 130 amino acids. There are 11 invariant residues present in all the animal species studied (ranging from the simplest, such as the sea urchin and the butterfly, to mammals), and around 50% homology among the lectins of vertebrates.
- the technical problem which arose during the development of the present invention was to provide a preparation of the thyroid receptor of purity and in a sufficiently high quantity to be able to characterize it completely, and prepare antibodies specific to the receptor.
- the inventors have now developed a method for purifying the receptor which makes it possible to obtain, in micromolar amounts, a preparation devoid of contaminants. This method is part of the objects of the present invention.
- the invention relates to a method for purifying the GlcNAc thyroid receptor, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
- This new method has several changes compared to the method used in 1987, including:
- the receptor is polymeric (2 to 3 monomers) and use as a ligand of a molecule having accessible groups or "clusters" of GlcNAc and thus having better affinity;
- the second purification step leads to the denaturation of the protein. It has been found that the denatured receptor can be used for the generation of antibodies which recognize the receptor in its native form.
- step (v) consists of electroendosmosis on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS.
- the affinity column of step (iv) preferably includes ovomucoid.
- This method can be used to purify the human, porcine or any other mammalian thyroid receptor, and allows the preparation of the receptor on an industrial scale.
- the receiver could be completely characterized. It is a protein receptor, made up of 2 to 3 homologous or different monomers in their amino acid sequence, each monomer having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa determined as a denaturing gel in the presence of Triton X-100. Each monomer contains approximately 510 amino acids.
- the receptor is specific for N- residues Acetylglucosamine, i.e. glycan residues carried by the thyroglobulin molecule. It is mainly located in the apical part of the thyrocytes.
- the association with its ligand is done according to a positive association mechanism.
- the bond between the thyroglobulin molecule and the receptor is all the more important as the thyroglobulin molecule is more immature, that is to say richer in accessible N-acetylglucosamine residues.
- the mature molecule is characterized by a certain iodine content and a masking of the carbohydrate residues recognized by the receptor.
- the purified receptor is recognized by antibodies directed against rat hepatic lectin and those directed against the consensus sequence of the CRD of the calcium-dependent lectin family. The partial amino acid sequence of the receptor has also been elucidated.
- the invention also relates to the purified preparation of the receptor. More particularly, the invention relates to a protein having an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) thyroid receptor activity characterized in that it consists of monomers with a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa, an isoelectric point of approximately 5.2 , is substantially devoid of contaminating cellular proteins and comprises at least one of the amino acid sequences illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 7, or a sequence having at least 80% homology with one of these sequences.
- GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine
- the molecular weight of 51 kDa is that determined in denaturing acrylamide gel in the presence of Triton-X 100 and corresponds thus to the monomer in a lipid detergent environment. Without detergent, the molecular weight of the monomeric protein is approximately 40 kDa.
- receptor protein of the invention means a protein having all of the characteristics indicated above, and includes the oligomeric receptor, as well as its monomeric subunits possessing receptor activity.
- the inventors have determined the mechanism of action of the receptor. It is involved in hormonogenesis and thyroid secretion in the following way:
- thyroglobulin thyroid prohormones
- immature prohormone molecules characterized by their low iodine and hormone content and by their high content of accessible N-Acetylglucosamine residues
- bind to the N-Acetylglucosamine receptor the binding is optimal at acidic pH between 4.8 and 5.1.
- this receptor conveys the prohormone molecules to the apical part of the thyrocytes, where there is thyroperoxidase, an enzyme which allows the fixation of iodine on tyrosyl residues and the subsequent coupling of tyrosyl residues for the formation of thyroid hormones.
- This conveying takes place thanks to a "motor” part of the receptor which is capable of causing the detachment of the entire receptor from the membrane by a process of "budding” or “budding” forming new intra-cellular vesicles.
- successive recycling increases the hormone content of thyroglobulin molecules and avoids their addressing to lysosomes and therefore their degradation. Recycling via the Golgi allows complementary glycosylations which lead to the disappearance of accessible N-Acetylglucosamine residues and the appearance of galactose and then sialic acid.
- the acid pH between 4.8 and 5.1 corresponds to the physiological values found in the endosomal compartments.
- molecules with terminal GlcNAc residues for example neoglycoproteins, partially deglycosylated or ovomucoid proteins
- the ability to prevent degradation of molecules carrying GlcNAc motifs can be confirmed as follows.
- the receptor protein is introduced into a cell (for example, a fibroblast) by permanent transfection, or by expression of the recombinant gene.
- two molecules, one carrying carbohydrate residues recognized by the receptor (GlcNAc) and the other carrying residues not recognized by the receptor, each marked with a different marker, are added to the culture medium.
- the metabolic fate of each molecule can then be determined using markers.
- the degradation of the molecule carrying GlcNAc residues is slower than that of the other molecule when the receptor protein exhibits thyroid receptor activity of GlcNAC.
- the receptor proteins of the invention comprise at least one of the amino acid sequences TGR-CL1bis, -CL4, -CL5 bis, -CL6, -CL7, -CL10, -CL10C, -CL11 and -CLH illustrated in the figures 2 and 7, or a sequence having at least 80%, and preferably at least 90%, of homology with one of these sequences, provided that the activity of thyroid receptor is present.
- sequences determined by the inventors, correspond to the human receptor and probably form part of the zone of extracellular membrane extension.
- proteins comprising a sequence having at least 80% homology with one of the illustrated sequences
- proteins obtained by substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more amino acids from the natural sequence can be prepared, for example, by the purification method of the invention, optionally followed by modification of the sequence of the protein thus produced, and verification of the receptor properties.
- the proteins of the invention can also be produced recombinantly in a competent cellular host, the sequence coding for the protein being under the control of appropriate regulatory sequences. In the case of recombinant production, it is possible to produce the protein in the form of a fusion protein in cases where this will facilitate its expression, its labeling, or its transport in certain cellular hosts.
- cellular hosts mention may be made of E. coli and Bacillus, as well as the yeast strains and the mammalian cells usually used for the expression of recombinant proteins.
- the proteins of the invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis.
- a particularly preferred protein according to the invention is that which comprises at least the amino acid sequence encoded by TGR-CLH and indicated in FIG. 7.
- This TGR-CLH protein is preferably produced by the recombinant route. This protein constitutes almost all of at least one monomer in the receptor.
- the proteins of the invention are substantially free of contaminants, in particular the epithelial cell cytokeratins, actin, tubulin and lectin-like proteins, such as the mannose-6-phosphate receptor. "Significantly free” means that the quantity of contaminants present does not allow their detection on gel electrophoresis and does not give rise to the formation of antibodies against the contaminants.
- the proteins of the invention can sometimes be associated, in the physiological environment, with "transduction” proteins.
- One such protein is the proteins G s ⁇ ( ⁇ subunit of the "guanine nucleotide binding protein"), part of the sequence of which, in the forward and reverse directions, is illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the invention also relates to peptide fragments of the protein of the invention. These fragments are characterized in that they are recognized by a polyclonal serum or by at least some of the monoclonal antibodies generated by the whole receptor protein. This property means that the fragment in question exhibits at least part of the immunological characteristics of the receptor protein. Normally, these fragments contain at least 6 amino acids, and preferably at least 12 or at least 15 amino acids. In the context of the invention, the term "fragment" means a chain of amino acids ranging from the peptide having at least 6 amino acids to a polypeptide of approximately 510 amino acids. When the fragment has a size of approximately 500 to 510 amino acids, it may be one of the monomeric subunits of the receptor.
- fragments retain the activity of the thyroid receptor. That said, this activity is not necessarily present according to this aspect of the invention, the important thing being that at least part of the immunological characteristics of the receptor is retained.
- Particularly preferred fragments are fragments comprising at least 6 consecutive amino acids or even all of one of the sequences: TGR-CL1bis, TGR-CL4, TGR-CL5bis, TGR-CL6, TGR-CL7, TGR-CL10, TGR-CLH and TGR-CLH illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 7.
- a fragment comprising at least the sequence coded by nucleotides 16 to 834 and corresponding to the amino acids deduced from 6 to 278 of TGR-CLH and illustrated in Figure 7 is particularly preferred.
- the protein fragments of the invention can also form part of "hybrid" molecules which comprise on the one hand, a part originating from a molecule other than the thyroid receptor and on the other hand, the receptor fragment having at least six acids amines.
- this type of molecule are a fragment of the receptor coupled to a carrier molecule to optimize the immunogenic properties of the smallest fragments (the fragment then being a hapten), or a fragment of the receptor coupled to a marker allowing its visualization. or an agent allowing its targeting.
- the fragments of the invention are produced by hydrolysis of the entire receptor, by recombinant route or even by chemical synthesis.
- a peptide fragment of the receptor which is particularly preferred according to the invention is the part constituting the domain of recognition of carbohydrate residues, or CRD
- CRD This part of the molecule is responsible for the carbohydrate specificity of the receptor and for the binding of the ligand at acid pH ( between 4.8 and 5.1).
- the CRD has about 130 to 150 amino acids and is probably located at one end of the protein, that is to say at the N or C terminus of the receptor. For some people monomers, it could be crosslinked by 2 disulfide bridges and has a part homologous to the consensus sequence present in the CRDs of other members of the calcium-dependent lectin family. This property is demonstrated by the recognition of the receptor by antibodies generated by the consensus sequence.
- CRD is not crosslinked by two disulfide bridges and has a different sequence from those established to date for other members of the family of animal lectins. This latter property was demonstrated by the sequencing of the TGR-CLH clone, which represents an almost total monomer of the receptor and which does not contain a consensus sequence.
- the CRD fragment (s) is (are) capable of being produced, from the entire receptor, by the following process:
- proteolytic hydrolysis of the protein of the invention having a GlcNAc thyroid receptor activity the hydrolysis giving rise to protein fragments with a minimum size of 130 to 150 amino acids;
- CRD can also be produced by chemical synthesis or by recombinant techniques, by the expression of the gene coding for the CRD in an appropriate cell host. In the latter case, transcriptional regulatory sequences are also present, and optionally, sequences which facilitate its expression or its secretion in the chosen host.
- a preferred example of CRD according to the invention is that located within the sequence coded by nucleotides 16 to 836 of TGR-CLH and corresponding to the deduced amino acids from 6 to 278 (see FIG. 7).
- the carbohydrate specificity of CRD can optionally be modified or extended by modifying the amino acid sequence of native CRD, depending on its subsequent use.
- the CRD can be modified to be able to recognize GalNAc or sialic acid, the amino acid sequences responsible for these specificities being known in the art. It is however important that, during such a modification, the binding properties of the ligand at acid pH and its release at neutral pH are maintained. These properties can be tested by using the method described above.
- proteins and protein fragments of the invention can be used in many different applications.
- the invention also relates to antibodies directed against the receptor protein of the invention or against a fragment of this protein, these antibodies being specific for said protein.
- These antibodies can be monoclonal or polyclonal. Their specificity can be ensured by bringing the antibodies into contact with other lectins of the same family, for example, rat hepatic lectin, or with the consensus sequence of the CRD, followed by the elimination of all the antibodies which recognize these related proteins.
- the antibodies of the invention recognize the primary structure of the receptor. Indeed, it has been found that the denatured receptor induces the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing the native receptor.
- the antibodies are directed against the protein coded by the sequence TGR-CLH, or a fragment of this protein, for example that coded by the sequence TGR-CLlbis.
- Polyclonal antibodies directed against a fusion protein including TGR-CLlbis allow recognition of the native protein on fixed or non-fixed cells.
- Other preferred antibodies according to the invention are those directed against one of the proteins coded by the sequences of FIG. 2. The fact that these sequences do not have homology with other proteins allows the production of specific antibodies for the receiver.
- the specificity of the antibodies allows their use in vivo or in vitro in the detection of various thyroid dysfunctions. They serve as thyroid cell markers and, more specifically, receptor markers.
- thyroid cancers exist in two very different forms from a histological point of view:
- undifferentiated cancers affect the elderly and have a very poor prognosis due to a very rapid development. They are discovered late, and the various treatments have so far been ineffective. They represent 15 to 20% of thyroid cancers.
- papillary cancers 60 to 70%
- papillary cancers 60 to 70%
- the N-Acetylglucosamine receptor is located at the apical part of the thyroid cells. A marking, dense and punctiform, is sometimes also observed in intracytoplasmic compartments.
- the expression of the receptor is conserved in vesicular carcinomas, but a delocalization of this receptor is observed, the labeling then being basolateral.
- the expression of the receptor is abolished (absence of labeling) in the epithelial cells forming the papillae, but there is a specific extracellular labeling of the connective tissue forming the chorion.
- adenomas from carcinomas, papillary carcinomas from vesicular carcinomas and carcinomas from healthy tissue.
- the invention relates more particularly to a method for the detection and differential identification in vitro of thyroid adenocarcinomas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- a section of thyroid tissue sample into contact with antibodies recognizing the GlcNAc thyroid receptor, said antibodies being associated with a means allowing their detection, ii) detection of the absence or presence of labeling of the GlcNAc thyroid receptor by antibodies, the adenomas being completely lacking in labeling, the papillary carcinomas being devoid of marking at the level of the epithelial cells forming the papillae, but having a specific extra-cellular marking of the connective tissue forming the chorion, and vesicular carcinomas exhibiting a delocalization of the marking in the basolateral region of the thyrocyte only.
- Antibodies are detected by all means known in the art: radioactive, fluorescent, enzymatic labeling, with colloidal gold, etc.
- the antibodies are preferably selected for their specificity for the GlcNAC receptor. That said, if the detection is done in vitro, it is also possible to use, as a first step, antibodies which recognize the receptor, but which also recognize other members of the family. For example, antibodies to the consensus sequence of CRD can be used in this method. The use of this type of antibody is however less advantageous, because of the reduced specificity and affinity.
- the antibodies used according to this aspect of the invention are either monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal antibodies.
- a polyclonal serum or a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies is particularly preferred because of the spectrum of recognized epitopes.
- This aspect of the invention further comprises a kit or kit for the detection and differential identification (s) of carcinomas and thyroid adenomas, characterized in that it comprises:
- antibodies against the receptor protein of the invention or against the fragment of this protein means allowing the detection of the reaction between said antibodies and the GlcNAc thyroid receptor, for example by enzymatic, radioactive, fluorescent labeling or with silver or avidin.
- the antibodies specific for the GlcNAc receptor can, thanks to their high specificity, be used in the identification of metastases of thyroid cancers in vivo. Despite the presence of lectins belonging to the same family in these different tissues, the diagnosis is quite specific. It is also possible to couple said antibodies to an agent capable of treating or eradicating metastasis, for example a radioactive agent, or a molecule capable of inducing the destruction of the thyroid receptor. Antibodies coupled to such an agent also form part of the invention.
- a monoclonal antibody specific for the GlcNAc receptor directed for example against the protein coded by TGR-CLH, or one of its fragments, for example that coded by TGR-CLlbis and TGR- CL5bis.
- the receptor protein and its fragments can also be used in the diagnosis of autoimmune pathologies, such as Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease.
- diagnostic tests involve the use of an antigen that is recognized by the patient's antibodies.
- the tests Current products often use total preparations of human thyroid membranes, but the autoantigens are poorly represented.
- Other tests involve the use of thyroperoxidase (TPO) as an antigen.
- TPO is not, however, the only membrane constituent involved in thyroiditis: there are antibodies directed against the TSH receptor (Greave disease) and others directed against constituents different from TPO. (Bogner U. et al, Acta Endocrinal 1990, 123, 431-437).
- the invention therefore relates to the use of the receptor protein of the invention, or one of its fragments, as an antigen in the detection of these diseases. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for the detection of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid such as Hashimoto's or Graves' disease, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the antigen used is a fragment of the receptor
- This aspect of the invention also relates to a kit or kit for the detection of auto-diseases.
- thyroid immune systems such as Hashimoto's disease, characterized in that it comprises:
- the means allowing the detection of the reaction between the protein (or some of its peptide fragments) and the autoantibodies include, for example, when the protein of the invention (or some of its peptide fragments) is (are) fixed ( es) on a solid support, labeled anti-antibody antibodies (for example anti-IgG), or even labeled anti-receptor antibodies which are displaced by the autoantibodies. It is also possible to carry out a "sandwich" test by fixing anti-receptor antibodies on a solid support, followed by the passage of the protein of the invention (or certain of its peptide fragments), previously labeled (es) and finally the biological sample containing the autoantibodies.
- the invention also relates to a nucleotide sequence coding for at least part of the GlcNAc thyroid receptor, characterized in that it comprises at least 20, and preferably at least 30 or 40 consecutive bases of one of the nucleotide sequences illustrated in Figures 2 or 7, or a sequence which hybridizes with one of these sequences under non-stringent conditions, or the sequence complementary to one of these sequences, or the corresponding RNA sequence.
- the nucleotide sequences of the invention are in a genetic environment different from that corresponding to the natural chromosome. However, when the sequences consist of genomic DNA, for example when they are derived from the screening of a genomic DNA library, they may contain introns.
- the sequences which hybridize under these conditions generally have a homology of at least 70%, for example 80%, with the probe sequence.
- the positive sequences can then be subjected to further screening by hybridization with more astringent conditions by increasing the wash temperatures to 68 ° C and lowering the salinity of the wash buffer to 0.1 x SSC, 0 , 1% SDS.
- the invention also relates to a method for detecting congenital diseases of the thyroid, such as goiter and juvenile hypothyroidism, characterized in that it comprises:
- a genomic DNA sample from the patient into contact with at least one probe or primer, comprising the nucleotide sequence according to claim 7 or 8, the DNA having previously been made accessible for hybridization under conditions allowing hybridization between the probe or the primer and the gene coding for the thyroid receptor of GlcNAc carried by genomic DNA;
- Fragments of the sequences of the invention can also be used as nucleotide primers in the amplification, for example by the polymerase chain reaction, of the gene coding for the thyroid receptor.
- a pair of primers chosen so that the interesting part of the gene is framed in 5 'and in 3' by the primers.
- These primers comprise at least 20 consecutive bases and more particularly, at least 25 consecutive bases of the sequences illustrated in FIG. 2.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a fragment of the receptor protein, and in particular, the CRD part as a "delay molecule" to increase the half-life of pharmacological agents administered to the body.
- This phenomenon leads, in the natural situation, to an extension of the residence time of the ligand in the thyrocyte, since its transfer into the lysosomes and its degradation are thus prevented.
- This property can be applied in other cells of the body, in particular, those accessible to the blood circulation, for example, the liver and the kidney.
- the CRD is coupled to the pharmacological agent intended to be administered to the body via the circulation.
- the couple CRD-pharmacological agent circulates in the blood and undergoes the process of internalization, for example, in the cells of the liver and the kidney.
- the pharmacological agent would be transferred, by endocytosis, to the lysosomes, where it would be hydrolyzed.
- the pharmacological agent binds to all the membranes of the cellular compartments which have GlcNAc residues and which have a pH close to 5.0 (between 4.8 and 5.1), that is to say say endosomes.
- the CRD-pharmacological agent couple undergoes the recycling specific to the intracellular membranes, towards the surface of the cell, where the ligand will be released due to the neutral pH (7.0 approximately). The process can then start again.
- the couple CRD-pharmacological agent is therefore not delivered to the lysosomes, and the half-life of the agent is significantly increased.
- This aspect of the invention therefore relates to a pharmaceutical composition having a prolonged half-life, characterized in that it comprises a complex consisting on the one hand, of at least one domain for recognition of carbohydrate residues (CRD) of the receptor GlcNAc thyroid, and, on the other hand, a pharmaceutically active product, and optionally a phairmacologically acceptable excipient.
- CCD carbohydrate residues
- This system is valid for any type of chemical compound, for example vaccines, enzymes, hormones, macromolecules, drugs. It has the effect of increasing the time of presence of the drug in the circulation. It is therefore particularly advantageous when the drug is very selective, the CRD not being in itself a means of targeting. Its use can be considered both by the cutaneous route (cosmetic, care of wounds and burns) and by blood pathway (decrease in hepatic mediated hepatic clearance).
- the "delay" effect can be optimized by modifying the selectivity of the CRD so that it recognizes other carbohydrate motifs (N-Acetylgalactosamine, sialic acid, mannose, etc.). This modification can be carried out chemically and / or by mutagenesis. This modification should not affect the pH-dependent nature of the ligand binding.
- the efficiency of binding to membrane glycans can be increased by the use of CRD oligomers (the "cluster" effect) for each molecule of the pharmacological agent.
- the ratio between the number of molecules of CRD and the number of molecules of the pharmacological agent is greater than one.
- the CRDs can all be the same, or on the other hand, it can be an oligomer made up of different types of CRD; on the one hand, CRD, part of which is common to all lectins and, on the other hand, the unique CRD of the GlcNAc receptor.
- the method used to couple CRD to the pharmacological agent depends on the nature of the agent, how the CRD is made, and the desired ratio between the number of CRD molecules and pharmacological agents.
- the pharmacological agent is a protein
- This method results, of course, in a complex composed of one molecule of CRD for each molecule of pharmacological agent.
- a grouping of CRD molecules for each molecule of pharmacological agent is desired, it is necessary to first manufacture the CRD, either recombinantly, or by purification as described above, or by chemical synthesis, and then coupling them with the pharmacological agent.
- the method used for coupling is illustrated in Example 8 below.
- This method can also be used when the ratio between the number of CRD molecules and those of the pharmacological agent is 1, and when the pharmacological agent is not of a protein nature.
- the CRD is coupled to an agent allowing subsequent visualization by microscopy (for example, horseradish peroxidase, ferritin, etc.), and is placed in the culture medium of the cells being studied. .
- an agent for example, horseradish peroxidase, ferritin, etc.
- the CRD of these complexes binds to membrane glycoconjugates (glycolipids, glycans of glycoproteins) due to the acid pH which exists in these compartments, and their path and kinetics of transfer to d Other cell compartments (Golgi, plasma membranes) can be visualized and analyzed by the marker molecules.
- membrane glycoconjugates glycolipids, glycans of glycoproteins
- the carbohydrate specificity of CRD can also be modified or extended in order to be able to fix other residues, according to the technique described for other aspects of the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the intracellular fate of the thyroglobulin molecules internalized by the thyrocyte.
- the "mature” molecules (TG) no longer having an accessible N-Acetylglucosamine motif are directed to the lysosomes (Lys) where they are hydrolyzed.
- FIG. 2 (a) to 2 (h) shows the nucleotide sequences of the EcoRI insertion fragments of seven clones TGRCL-1bis, -CL4, -CL5bis, -CL6, -CL7, -CL10, -CL10c, -CL11, isolated by immunological screening with polyclonal antibodies directed against the purified thyroid receptor. The deduced amino acid sequence for each of the corresponding expression products is also shown.
- the clone TGR-CL10C represents the sequence complementary to the sequence TGR-CL10.
- Figure 3 shows the overlap between the sequences of the TGR-C11 and TGR-C15 clones.
- the protein sequence indicated in FIG. 3 does not correspond to that of the receptor, since this sequence is the sequence complementary to that coding for the receptor,
- - Figure 5 shows TGR-CL1 and TGR-CL5 sequences which represent the cDNA complementary to the TGR-CL1bis and TGR-CL5bis sequences respectively. The deduced protein sequences of TGR-CL1 and TGR-CL5 therefore do not represent the receptor sequence.
- FIG. 6a and b shows the sequences of 2 clones TGR-CL3 and TGR-CL3C respectively which represent the direct and complementary partial sequences respectively, of a protein called HSGMS1 (or "human G s ⁇ ") associated with the receptor.
- HSGMS1 human G s ⁇
- FIG. 7 shows the TGR-CLH sequence obtained by oligoscreening in the ⁇ gt11 bank with the TGR-CL1bis and TGR-CL5bis probes. It is capable of coding (ATG to +16) for a protein of around 35 kDa having a putative signal peptide (6 to 20) and a putative transmembrane segment (278-298).
- the sequence TGR-CLH contains the sequences TGR-CLlbis and TGR-CL5bis (amino acids 4 to 135 of TGR-CL1bis correspond to amino acids 67 to 198 of TGR-CLH. Amino acids 4 to 128 of TGR-CL5bis correspond to amino acids 155 to 279 of TGR-CLH). These different regions are indicated on the sequence of FIG. 7.
- the ATG initiation codon for -CLH is at position +16, the nucleotides upstream of this position being, according to the experimental protocol applied, essentially of vector origin. .
- FIGS 8 and 9 illustrate the restriction map of the TGR-CLH sequence.
- This suspension was centrifuged at 12,000 g for 15 minutes and the supernatant was incubated for 3 hours using a rotary shaker with CaCl 2 (final concentration 20 mM), protease inhibitors (10 ⁇ g / ml each of leupeptine, pepstatin and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and 10 mM alpha-aminocaproic acid), and 25 ml of ovomucoid AcA 22 affinity gel (2.4 mg protein / ml gel).
- An alternative method of elution of the receptor which does not use the selectivity of the pH of the receptor, but its specificity of sugar, consisted in eluting it by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine (100 to 250 mM) to the buffer. fixing at acid pH.
- the eluted material was subjected to an additional purification step under native or denaturing conditions.
- the purification was carried out by passing the material again through an affinity column comprising ovomucoid (5 ml).
- the purification was carried out by electroendosmosis using an ELFE device (GENOFIT).
- GEOFIT electroendosmosis using an ELFE device
- GlcNAc anti-receptor antibodies Male New Zealand rabbits were immunized by intradermal inoculation with 40 ⁇ g of a denatured GlcNAc receptor preparation (0.5 ml), prepared according to the method described above and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (0.5 ml). Three new subcutaneous injections were made on the 28th, 38th and 60th days using 25 ⁇ g of antigen (1 ml) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (1 ml). The sera are collected 8, 12 and 16 days after the third boost.
- the polyclonal antibodies (IgG) directed against the denatured receptor were purified by affinity columns using either protein A or Avid-Al Gel (BioProbe TM).
- a normal human thyroid cDNA library had been constructed in ⁇ gt 11. After spreading on 92 mm dishes phage-transfected bacteria (5 boxes, 30,000 pfu / box) 15 clones were isolated by immunoscreening on sheet of leaves nitrocellulose with TGRD-Ab (20 ⁇ g / ml), prepared according to the method described above. After two other successive low density screens (700 pfu then 50 pfu / dish), 13 clones were finally confirmed as positive ( ⁇ 1 / 11000 pfu). Their EcoRI insertion fragment was subcloned into the plasmids PUC 18 and then sequenced on the two strands by the method of SANGER et al. Finally, six clones with an open reading frame, compatible with their expression from ⁇ gt 11, and this over more than 123bp, were selected and subjected to a search for sequence homology.
- TGR-CLlbis The clones, called TGR-CLlbis, -CL4, CL5bis, CL6, CL7, CL10, CL11 are presented in FIG. 2.
- the complementary sequences of TGR-CLlbis and TGR-CL5bis (called TGR-CL1 and TGR-CL5 respectively) are illustrated in Figure 5.
- TGR-CL1 and TGR-CL5 The overlap of these two clones TGR-CL1 and TGR-CL5 is illustrated in Figure 3.
- the rereading of these clones in particular within TGR-CLH made it possible to choose definitively, the orientation direct (see Figure 2a, Figure 2c and Figure 7) and deduce the sequence protein. Homology research results indicated:
- TGR-C1 Ibis and TGR-C1 5bis present a partial overlapping on approximately 1/4 of each of the clones (see FIG. 7 and legend);
- TGR-CLH A clone, called TGR-CLH, was obtained by screening the bong with TGR-CLlbis and TGR-CL5bis according to the following protocol: bacteria Y1090 are infected by phages from the bank, previously diluted (50,000 pfu / 30 ⁇ l ) then spread on 150 mm diameter dishes (LB medium, 10 mM MgS0 4 , 50 ⁇ l ml Ampicillin), after formation of the lysis areas, Nylon filters (Durcelon UV, Stratagene) are placed on the box, then immersed in a denaturation solution (1.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M NaOH), neutralized (1.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M Tris-Hll, pH 7.4) and rinsed (2 x SSC).
- a denaturation solution 1.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M NaOH
- neutralized 1.5 M NaCl, 0.5 M Tris-Hll, pH 7.4
- the filters After passing through a UV oven (Stratalinker, Stratagene) and prewashing, the filters are placed in the presence of the TGR-CLlbis and TGR-CL5bis clones previously radiolabelled by random-prime (dCTP ⁇ 32 P (50 ⁇ Ci), for marking 25 ng of DNA, specific activity 10 ° dpm / ⁇ g). 10 positive clones were obtained, including the one with the sequence longest nucleotide, TGR-CLH, has been sequenced (see Figure 7).
- the vector chosen is pMal (New England-Biolabs) which synthesizes, under IPTG induction, the Maltose Binding Protein.
- the insert of the TGR-CLlbis clone is inserted into pMAL after prior cutting by EcoRI, after ligation and transfection then mini-preparation in the competent cells, the orientation of the insert is verified by sequencing.
- the bacteria containing the fusion plasmid are cultured in 1 liter of LB-Ampicillin (50 ⁇ g / ml) until 2-10 8 bacteria / ml are obtained.
- the bacterial growth is stopped by centrifugation at 4000 xg and the pellet is resuspended in lysis buffer (10 mM phosphate, 30 mM NaCl, 0.25% Tween 20, 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 10 mM Edta, 10 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ g / ml PMSF).
- lysis buffer 10 mM phosphate, 30 mM NaCl, 0.25% Tween 20, 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 10 mM Edta, 10 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ g / ml PMSF.
- the pellet is centrifuged at 9000 xg for 30 minutes, and the extract is passed through a column of amylase resin retaining MBP. After washing, the fusion protein is eluted with a buffer containing 10 mM maltose and 250 ⁇ l of PMSF.
- the fusion proteins are visualized with Blue Coomassie on acrylamide gels (10%), and their antigenic properties are tested by Western blot with an anti-MBP and TGRD-Ab anticoprs. Aliquots of the fusion protein (250 ⁇ g / 0.5 ml) are stored at -20 ° C for immunization.
- Specimens of pathological thyroids fixed in BOUIN and included in paraffin were used for their reactivity with TGRD-Ab.
- Nonspecific labeling was estimated by the use of IgG sera from pre-immunities prepared according to the same methods as TGRD-Ab and used at the same concentrations.
- Adenomas are characterized by a loss of cell labeling in the cases observed. No specific extracellular labeling was noted (FIG. 4, h, i). At the periphery of the adenoma, the distinction between pathological tissue and healthy tissue was clearly visualized by the positive labeling of thyrocytes from healthy tissue ( Figure 4, i right part)
- Papillary carcinomas also lost specific labeling in the epithelial cells forming the papillae ( Figure 4, d).
- this is the unique characteristic of this type of carcinoma a specific extracellular marking was noted for all the cases observed in certain regions of carcinomas in the connective tissues forming the chorion or surrounding the carcinomas ( Figure 4, e).
- TGRD-Ab antibodies can be used for the differential diagnosis of thyroid adenocarcinomas. It appears that by following the localization and the level of expression of the receptor GlcNAc by TGRD-Ab, it is possible to differentiate adenomas (tendency to disappear labeling) from papillary cancers (disappearance of cellular labeling, appearance of extracellular labeling ) and vesicular cancers (delocalization of the marking in the basolateral region only).
- Gallbladder cancers are the most likely to develop metastases.
- TGRD-Ab antibodies to visualize and eradicate metastases in vivo, in particular those of vesicular cancers.
- the antibodies are then coupled to radioactive molecules. active or to drugs directed against preparations of purified receptor, recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides mimicking the immunogenic regions of said receptor.
- Thyroiditis 3 3 It may be noted that despite the use of the denatured form of the receptor, sera antibodies from thyroid patients recognized the thyroid GlcNAc receptor.
- the purified receptor has also been used, applying the same experimental protocol, for the detection of autoantibodies in the serum of patients suffering from goiter or Graves' disease. In the case of Graves' disease, the presence of autoantibodies has been detected. On the other hand, the results in the case of patients with goiter were less conclusive, no doubt due to the denatured form of the protein used.
- GlcNAc receptor The positive recognition of the GlcNAc receptor by some patients will make this receptor or its derivatives (recombinant proteins, peptides) a possible candidate to replace (or supplement) the antigens used in current tests.
- the starting material used, according to this example, in the preparation of CRD was the receptor purified by the method described in Example 1.
- the steps for the isolation of CRD from the whole receptor were as follows:
- the CRD-pharmacological agent complex is produced by a coupling between the
- the technique used can be applied both to CRD produced by proteolysis of the whole receptor, and to CRD produced by recombinant techniques or by chemical synthesis.
- the steps of this technique are as follows:
- CRD can be used as a vector making it possible to isolate the fusion protein (s) as well as the CRD-drug complex.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92911002A EP0595822A1 (fr) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-04-30 | Recepteur thyroidien de n-acetylglucosamine |
JP4509835A JPH06507072A (ja) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-04-30 | N−アセチルグルコサミンの甲状腺レセプター |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9105478A FR2676060B1 (fr) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | Recepteur thyrouidien de n-acetylglucosamine. |
FR91/05478 | 1991-05-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992019733A1 true WO1992019733A1 (fr) | 1992-11-12 |
Family
ID=9412513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1992/000396 WO1992019733A1 (fr) | 1991-05-03 | 1992-04-30 | Recepteur thyroidien de n-acetylglucosamine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0595822A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06507072A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2676060B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992019733A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999004002A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-28 | Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Matriline-3 humaine |
-
1991
- 1991-05-03 FR FR9105478A patent/FR2676060B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-04-30 EP EP92911002A patent/EP0595822A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1992-04-30 WO PCT/FR1992/000396 patent/WO1992019733A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-30 JP JP4509835A patent/JPH06507072A/ja active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. vol. 262, no. 31, 5 Novembre 1987, BALTIMORE US pages 15291 - 15298; Miquelis, R. et al.: 'The N-acetylglucosamine-specific receptor of the Thyroid -Binding characteristics, partial characterization, and potential role.' cité dans la demande * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999004002A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-28 | Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Matriline-3 humaine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH06507072A (ja) | 1994-08-11 |
FR2676060A1 (fr) | 1992-11-06 |
EP0595822A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
FR2676060B1 (fr) | 1995-04-07 |
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