WO1992009003A1 - Dispositif d'obturation a cristaux liquides - Google Patents

Dispositif d'obturation a cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992009003A1
WO1992009003A1 PCT/JP1991/001545 JP9101545W WO9209003A1 WO 1992009003 A1 WO1992009003 A1 WO 1992009003A1 JP 9101545 W JP9101545 W JP 9101545W WO 9209003 A1 WO9209003 A1 WO 9209003A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
transparent
electrode
glass
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1991/001545
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shigeru Sugimori
Hiroyoshi Onnagawa
Original Assignee
Chisso Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP30603890A external-priority patent/JPH04178631A/ja
Priority claimed from JP12125891A external-priority patent/JPH04349423A/ja
Priority claimed from JP21231391A external-priority patent/JPH0553088A/ja
Application filed by Chisso Corporation filed Critical Chisso Corporation
Publication of WO1992009003A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992009003A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal shutter device. More specifically, it relates to a device for switching between transmission and blocking of light by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal phase.
  • liquid crystal shutter devices that utilize the optical anisotropy and induced anisotropy, which are the characteristics of liquid crystal substances.
  • TN type twisted nematic type
  • STN type super twisted nematic type
  • TFT thin film field effect transistor
  • MIMM metal-insulator-metal diode
  • liquid crystal shutter device by these methods, it is necessary to orient the liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction at the interface between the liquid crystal interface and the electrode plate, and to orient the liquid crystal molecule orientation angle to 90 ° or more. ..
  • color conversion of liquid crystal display elements has been promoted recently, but in the color display method, it is necessary to use a color filter in addition to the polarizing element, so the utilization efficiency of the light amount of the light source becomes extremely poor.
  • a liquid crystal shutter device that does not require a polarizing element is desired.
  • a polymer liquid crystal dispersed display element that does not use a polarizing element has been proposed.
  • driving voltage of several 10 V to several 100 V requires high driving voltage.
  • a dynamic scattering method (DS method)
  • a white film such as a cholesteric-nematic phase transition type display element
  • TSM transient scattering display method
  • An object of the present invention is to solve these problems and to provide a liquid crystal shank device which does not require the use of a polarizing element and which can be driven at a power consumption or a driving voltage equal to or less than that of the conventional method. .. Disclosure of the invention
  • a polarizing element can be made non-uniform by enclosing nematic liquid crystal in a disordered alignment state with a space between two or more glass-like substrates without alignment treatment.
  • nematic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal is interposed between them by a spacer. It has been found that the object of the present invention can also be achieved by encapsulating a kind of liquid crystal and antiferroelectric liquid crystal in a disordered alignment state.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is to superimpose two or more transparent substrates, each of which is essentially made of a transparent material, and which has not been subjected to an alignment treatment, and enclose a nematic liquid crystal between them through a spacer.
  • the liquid crystal shutter device is composed of cells in which transparent electrodes are attached to the uppermost part of the transparent substrate and the transparent electrode or the opaque electrode is attached to the lowermost part thereof.
  • the second aspect of the present invention is to superimpose two or more transparent substrates, each of which is essentially made of a transparent material, and whose one or more inner surfaces have been roughened, and to place a spacer between them.
  • nematic liquid crystal A kind of steric liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal and antiferroelectric liquid crystal are encapsulated in a disordered alignment state, and a transparent electrode is placed at the top of the transparent substrate and the bottom is placed at the bottom.
  • a transparent electrode is placed at the top of the transparent substrate and the bottom is placed at the bottom.
  • an active element may be used instead of the transparent electrode.
  • the transparent substrate may be directly treated, or after the resin coating is formed on the transparent substrate, the roughening treatment may be performed on the resin coating.
  • the surface roughening treatment for example, it is also considered that an uneven surface is formed by engraving a large number of grooves having a depth of 0.5 to 100 and a width of 0.5 to 100.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal shutter device of the present invention composed of two electrode substrates
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal shutter device of the present invention composed of three electrode substrates
  • FIG. A transparent resin film is provided on the electrode substrate, and the surface is roughened.
  • Fig. 4 shows a transparent resin film provided on the electrode substrate and its surface.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal shutter device of the present invention composed of three roughened surfaces.
  • the transparent substrate used in the present invention is a flat plate or a film made of an essentially transparent material, and specific examples thereof include a glass plate, an acrylic resin plate, and a polyester film. It is necessary that this transparent substrate is not subjected to the alignment treatment such as the glass substrate rubbing treatment S i 0 or the oblique vapor deposition treatment such as T i O z used in the conventional liquid crystal cell. Furthermore, this transparent substrate is preferably rubbed with a powder such as carborundum on the inside surface when made into a cell, with a solvent treatment force, or with a depth of 0.5 to 100 and a line width. It is semi-transparent or opaque by randomly or irregularly etching or mechanically processing 0.5 to 100 u to form random uneven surfaces (grooves). It is preferable to have a clear state.
  • the nematic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal or antiferroelectric liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal to be sealed between the substrates.
  • the value in the major axis direction is used when the one with positive dielectric anisotropy is used, and the value in the minor axis direction is used when the one with negative dielectric anisotropy is used. It is desirable to select a liquid crystal that has a value close to or close to the refractive index.
  • the encapsulated liquid crystal is not oriented in one direction in the cell but is disordered.
  • the inner surface of the transparent substrate in contact with the liquid crystal is not subjected to any alignment treatment, or, as described above, at least one of the surfaces is roughened.
  • the above-mentioned groove-like treatment is also applied) to form a random uneven surface.
  • Rough surface treatment is performed by randomly rubbing with powder such as carborundum of about 1 to 100, surface treatment with chemicals such as solvent to make the surface frosted glass, or by cutting or etching.
  • a transparent resin film having a thickness of 0.1 to 100 is formed on the transparent substrate surface, and the surface of this transparent resin film is roughened. Good.
  • the transparent resin film is formed, its thickness is preferably 5 to 15 m.
  • the rough surface treatment increases the light scattering effect and improves the contrast when the shutter is opened and closed.
  • the transparent electrode or the opaque electrode is preferably provided on the transparent substrate after the roughening treatment, but may be provided before the above treatment and the transparent electrode surface may be simultaneously roughened.
  • the transparent electrode does not necessarily have to be provided on the inner surface of the cell (the surface in contact with the liquid crystal), but may be provided on the outer surface.
  • the spacer is a liquid of a certain thickness so that the transparent substrates do not come into contact with each other. “It is interposed in order to maintain the crystal phase, and the interval is not particularly limited, but 5 to: I 0 0 m is desirable.
  • the transparent electrode tin oxide film, oxide oxide film, tin oxide (ITO) oxide film, active elements combined with transistors, etc.
  • the opaque electrode may be an aluminum film, a chrome film, or the like. These electrodes are attached and formed on at least a part of the transparent substrate by a usual method such as a spray method, a vacuum deposition method, or a high frequency sputtering method, which is a method for forming a transparent electrode of a liquid crystal cell. If more than two substrates are used, the electrodes attached to the intermediate substrate must be transparent, but one of the outer or top or bottom substrate is a transparent electrode, while the other is transparent. It may be an opaque electrode. When an opaque electrode is used, it can be used, for example, as a device for a liquid crystal shutter by reflected light. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of a liquid crystal shutter device in which an electrode is provided inside, showing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case of two transparent substrates
  • FIG. 2 shows a case of three transparent substrates.
  • This device comprises a transparent substrate 1, a liquid crystal 5 in a disordered alignment state enclosed between these substrates 1 through a spacer 2, and transparent electrodes 3 and 4 formed on these substrates. And a power supply 6.
  • the facing surface of the transparent substrate 1 which is in contact with the liquid crystal 5 is not subjected to the alignment treatment, and is left as a flat surface or is roughened, for example, it is randomly rubbed with a random force to form a random uneven surface. There is.
  • the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal element was found to be 1: 1.5 for two substrates, about 1.5, In the case of three substrates, it was improved to 1: 2.0 or more, and the driving voltage was 10 to 20 V. On the other hand, the roughened surface tends to have higher transparency than the untreated surface. However, the contrast ratio was not so different.
  • the substrates are 2 and 3, respectively, and the electrodes 3 and 4 and the transparent resin film 7 are provided on the surface facing the liquid crystal 5, and the surface of this transparent resin film 7 is carborundum as above.
  • a cell is formed by randomly rubbing to form a rough surface (random uneven surface), and enclosing the liquid crystal 5 in a disordered alignment state so as to be in contact with the rough surface.
  • the electrodes 3 and 4 are directly attached to the transparent substrate 1, they may be attached on the transparent resin film after it is formed.
  • a transparent resin film was provided on a transparent substrate, and a voltage was applied in the same way to the liquid crystal shutter device of Fig. 4 manufactured by roughening this, and the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal element was 1: 1.5 to 2 It was 0.
  • the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal element was 1: 1.5 to 2 It was 0.
  • a ferroelectric smectic C liquid crystal is filled in a similar cell with a cell thickness of 15 instead of a nematic liquid crystal and a liquid crystal shutter is configured, even if a pulse of 5 msec at ⁇ 20 V is applied, the liquid crystal shirt It was practical as one.
  • Random ruggedness (so-called frosted glass) was rubbed by randomly rubbing one side of a commercially available 0.5 mm thick transparent flat glass (60, ⁇ 60) with a force of 50 mesh. Treated to form. An ITO film was attached to the treated surface by a scatterer to form a transparent electrode.
  • This device did not appear opaque when looking at the letters of Shin Feng through the glass surface, but it became transparent by applying an AC voltage of 100 Hz and 10 V between both transparent electrodes, and the letters were read. It was found that the switching effect of light can be obtained by applying a voltage. The contrast ratio at this time was 1: 1.5.
  • Example 2 An apparatus was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the same orientation as in Example 1 was applied to the flat glass by a Rabbing method in which one surface was rubbed with a cloth in one direction. When I saw the letters of Shincho through the glass surface of this device, the letters were transparent and readable. Even when applied between both transparent electrodes in the same manner as in Example 1, there was no change and it was transparent, and the effect of optical switching was not obtained.
  • Example 1 Among the roughened flat glass obtained in Example 1, the glass with the ITO film adhered to one surface was made to face the ITO film adhered surface, and the glass with ITO adhered to both surfaces was sandwiched between them.
  • the plates were bonded to each other through a spacer of 10 m to form a cell, and a nematic liquid crystal composition (GR-63 manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was enclosed between the glasses to manufacture a liquid crystal shutter device.
  • GR-63 nematic liquid crystal composition manufactured by Chisso Corporation
  • This device did not appear opaque when looking at the letters of the newspaper through the glass surface, but it became transparent by applying an AC voltage of 100 HZ and 10 V between both transparent electrodes, and the letters could be read. It was found that the switching effect of light can be obtained by applying a voltage. The contrast ratio at this time was 1: 2.0.
  • Example 2 An apparatus was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the same flat glass as in Example 2 was subjected to the orientation treatment by a rubbing method in which one side was rubbed with a cloth in one direction. O When I read the letters of the newspaper through the glass surface of this device, the letters were transparent and readable. Even when applied between both transparent electrodes in the same manner as in Example 2, there was no change and it was transparent, and the effect of optical switching was not obtained.
  • An 8 ⁇ thick polyimide film (PSI-G-4630 manufactured by Chisso Corp.) was formed on a commercially available ITO film-coated glass electrode plate, and then the polyimide film was coated with a film of 50%. 'Nash's power was randomly rubbed with Borundum and processed into random irregularities. Similarly, a glass substrate having electrodes (ITO films) on both sides was subjected to the same treatment to prepare an electrode plate having random uneven surfaces on both sides.
  • the ITO film-attached surfaces of the glass electrode plate with the ITO film attached on one side should face each other, and one glass electrode plate with ITO attached on both sides should be placed in the middle.
  • a cell was prepared by laminating it through a m-spacer, and a nematic liquid crystal composition (GR-63 manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was enclosed between these glass electrode plates to prepare a liquid crystal shutter device.
  • This device is opaque and invisible when looking at the characters of Shin Feng through the glass surface, and becomes transparent by applying an AC voltage of 100 Hz and 15 V between both transparent electrodes. And the switching effect of light was obtained by applying a voltage.
  • the contrast ratio at this time was 1: 2.0.
  • Example 3 A flat glass plate similar to that of Example 3 was subjected to orientation treatment by a rubbing method in which one surface was rubbed in one direction with a cloth, and the other devices were produced in the same manner as in Example 3.
  • the letters on the newspaper were seen through the glass surface of this device, the letters were transparent and readable. Even when applied between both transparent electrodes in the same manner as in Example 3, there was no change and it was transparent, and the effect of optical switching was not obtained.
  • a transparent electrode was formed by attaching an ITO film to the grooved side of the glass plate formed by etching with a scatterer.
  • the two glass plates were attached to each other with a spacer of 10 / m so that the ITO film adhering surfaces face each other, with the grooves parallel to each other to form a cell, and a nematic glass plate was placed between the two glass plates.
  • a liquid crystal shutter device was prepared by enclosing a liquid crystal composition (GR-63 manufactured by Chisso Corporation). This device did not appear opaque when looking at the letters of Shin Feng through the glass surface, but it became transparent by applying an AC voltage of 100 Hz and 10 V ⁇ between both transparent electrodes, and the letters were read. It was possible to obtain a light switching effect by applying a voltage. The contrast ratio at this time was 1: 1.7.
  • Example 1 the thickness of the cell was set to 15 ⁇ , and a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition (Cs-1 0 1 1 manufactured by Chisso Corporation) was filled. When a pulse of 20 V of soil for 5 msec was applied to this cell, the letters on the new paper on the bottom disappeared.
  • the liquid crystal shutter device of the present invention does not need to attach a polarizing element, does not require a special alignment treatment of the glass substrate, consumes the same power as the conventional TN type system, and utilizes the amount of light. Efficiency is improved.
  • the shutter device of the present invention is used as a light transmission type and a light reflection type light shutter device, for example, a light shielding plate for a welding mask, a door mirror, a shutter for an optical printer, an electro-optical diaphragm, a diffuser plate for a strobe light, a reduction plate. It can be applied to optical filters and the like.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif d'obturation à cristaux liquides dont la consommation en puissance est comparativement faible et ne nécessitant pas d'élément polarisant. Une cellule à cristaux liquides est configurée de sorte que entre deux substrats (1) ou plus analogues au verre, en matière transparente, non orientés ou traités de manière à se trouver dans un état d'irrégularité aléatoire, et par l'intermédiaire d'éléments d'espacement (2), du cristal liquide (5) orienté de manière aléatoire est renfermé hermétiquement dans la cellule, et de sorte que des électrodes sont soudées aux substrats (1). Ce dispositif peut être utilisé dans des dispositifs d'obturation à cristaux liquides photoémetteurs ou photoréfléchissants tels que des photoécrans ou un masque de soudure, un obturateur pour imprimante optique et un diaphragme optique électronique.
PCT/JP1991/001545 1990-11-14 1991-11-12 Dispositif d'obturation a cristaux liquides WO1992009003A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2/306038 1990-11-14
JP30603890A JPH04178631A (ja) 1990-11-14 1990-11-14 液晶シャッター装置
JP3/121258 1991-05-27
JP12125891A JPH04349423A (ja) 1991-05-27 1991-05-27 液晶シャッター装置
JP21231391A JPH0553088A (ja) 1991-08-23 1991-08-23 液晶シヤツター装置
JP3/212313 1991-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992009003A1 true WO1992009003A1 (fr) 1992-05-29

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PCT/JP1991/001545 WO1992009003A1 (fr) 1990-11-14 1991-11-12 Dispositif d'obturation a cristaux liquides

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998016869A1 (fr) * 1996-10-14 1998-04-23 S.P.S. S.P.A. Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides
WO1999044095A1 (fr) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Deep Video Imaging Limited Affichage ameliore
US6906762B1 (en) 1998-02-20 2005-06-14 Deep Video Imaging Limited Multi-layer display and a method for displaying images on such a display
US9137525B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2015-09-15 Pure Depth Limited Multilayer video screen
US9721378B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2017-08-01 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48101896A (fr) * 1972-04-03 1973-12-21
GB1540878A (en) * 1976-05-04 1979-02-21 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Liquid crystal cells
US4165922A (en) * 1976-05-04 1979-08-28 International Standard Electric Corporation Liquid crystal cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS48101896A (fr) * 1972-04-03 1973-12-21
GB1540878A (en) * 1976-05-04 1979-02-21 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Liquid crystal cells
US4165922A (en) * 1976-05-04 1979-08-28 International Standard Electric Corporation Liquid crystal cell

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998016869A1 (fr) * 1996-10-14 1998-04-23 S.P.S. S.P.A. Dispositif d'affichage a cristaux liquides
US6906762B1 (en) 1998-02-20 2005-06-14 Deep Video Imaging Limited Multi-layer display and a method for displaying images on such a display
WO1999044095A1 (fr) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Deep Video Imaging Limited Affichage ameliore
US9721378B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2017-08-01 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space
US10262450B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2019-04-16 Pure Depth Limited Display interposing a physical object within a three-dimensional volumetric space
US9137525B2 (en) 2002-07-15 2015-09-15 Pure Depth Limited Multilayer video screen

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