WO1992003717A1 - Procede et dispositif pour la determination de la densite moyenne locale d'une bande de matiere - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la determination de la densite moyenne locale d'une bande de matiere Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992003717A1
WO1992003717A1 PCT/DE1991/000636 DE9100636W WO9203717A1 WO 1992003717 A1 WO1992003717 A1 WO 1992003717A1 DE 9100636 W DE9100636 W DE 9100636W WO 9203717 A1 WO9203717 A1 WO 9203717A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strand
capacitor
section
cross
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1991/000636
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ullrich Thiedig
Holger Wente
Bernd KÖSTER
Original Assignee
Ullrich Thiedig
Holger Wente
Koester Bernd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ullrich Thiedig, Holger Wente, Koester Bernd filed Critical Ullrich Thiedig
Publication of WO1992003717A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992003717A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting
    • B26D7/30—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting for weighing cut product
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G19/52—Weighing apparatus combined with other objects, e.g. furniture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G9/00—Methods of, or apparatus for, the determination of weight, not provided for in groups G01G1/00 - G01G7/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the local average density of a pre-conveyed strand of material with non-uniformly distributed inhomogeneities over a cross section of the strand.
  • a sausage skein contains inclusions of different types of materials or fat edges, the density of the sausage slices can no longer be predetermined over their cross section.
  • cheese which can have more or less large air pockets. In these cases, weight-oriented portioning cannot be achieved with a usable accuracy.
  • the method according to the invention permits the determination of the average density of a pre-conveyed strand of material with non-uniformly distributed inhomogeneities over a cross section of the strand by measuring the capacity of the strand of material in at least two directions perpendicular to the conveying direction for a defined section of the strand of material for conveying steps spaced apart in a defined manner and the capacity for the cross-section entering or exiting the section is determined from the change in the capacity value in each conveying step.
  • the method according to the invention uses a capacitive measuring method known per se for determining a parameter of a material conveyed through a capacitor arrangement.
  • capacitive processes are only known for homogeneous materials, for. B. for the thickness determination of a paper web with a known homogeneous dielectric constant. With this method, the change in the thickness of the paper web integrated over the width of the capacitor arrangement can be determined.
  • the method according to the invention uses the capacitive measuring method in a completely different way and for other purposes.
  • the purpose of the method according to the invention is to determine the cross-sectional density of the strand of material for the width of a conveying step.
  • the funding step can be defined by the fact that there is actually a step-by-step funding of the material strand is carried out or in that a measurement is carried out in the case of continuous conveying within appropriate time intervals.
  • the desired information about the average cross-sectional density of a strand piece with the width of the conveying step can be obtained by carrying out the measurement over the length of the measuring section determined by the capacitor arrangement, which is regularly considerably longer than the individual conveying step, and a Assignment of the respective capacitance changes to the strand cross-section that has just emerged from the measuring section and the strand cross-section that has just entered the measuring section. In this way, a relative density distribution for the cross sections corresponding to the conveying steps over the length of the strand can be determined.
  • the cross sections - and thus the capacity determination - are preferably oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction, but can also be at an angle to the conveying direction if, for example, slices of a sausage skein are to be cut obliquely to the conveying direction a '.
  • the method according to the invention provides two capacity determinations in different directions.
  • the method takes into account the non-uniformity of the inhomogeneities to be taken into account.
  • the inhomogeneities can be formed by trapped pieces of meat in sausage strands, but also by air bubbles, for example in cheese or foam strands.
  • the measurement errors resulting from the non-uniform distribution of the uniformities can naturally be reduced. It has been shown that for practical applications, performing two capacitance determinations in directions that are preferably perpendicular to one another leads to a high correlation between the measured cross-sectional density profile of the material strand and the actual cross-sectional density profile.
  • the method according to the invention therefore permits weight-oriented cutting of portions from the material strand to be improved considerably compared to previous practice.
  • the capacitance measurements take place in mutually parallel planes. These planes are preferably parallel to the section plane of a downstream cutting device, which is preferably controlled by the determined values of the cross-sectional density.
  • the relative cross-sectional density profile over the strand of material can be easily converted into absolute density values if information about the total mass of the strand of material or of a strand section is available.
  • the total mass of a section of strand that has been cut to length is measured and then the determined relative mean density values are related to the total mass in order to determine the absolute mean density.
  • the capacitance measurement is also important at the beginning of the strand of material. If the strand of material enters the measuring arrangement for the capacitance determination, a relatively large change in the dielectric constant takes place. This change can lead to an overload of the measuring arrangement. It is therefore advantageous, at the beginning and possibly the end of the strand of material, to supplement it completely with a piece of filler material with similar, known and homogeneous dielectric constants in order to carry out the relative measurement with respect to the latter
  • the present invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the described method.
  • This device is characterized by a first and a second capacitor arrangement through which the strand of material is conveyed is, with the two capacitor arrangements rotated relative to one another, by a control circuit for carrying out the measurement in predetermined conveying steps of the material strand and by an evaluation circuit for determining the two capacitance values for each cross section corresponding to a conveying step and determining a density determination of the two capacitance values.
  • Such a device is preferably provided with a downstream cutting device with a cutting width adjustment which can be controlled by the measured average density values.
  • the cutting plane of the cutting devices and the measuring planes of the capacitor arrangements can preferably be arranged parallel to one another and preferably perpendicular to the conveying direction of the strand of material.
  • the two capacitor arrangements are preferably perpendicular to one another.
  • At least one capacitor arrangement is divided into a plurality of sections which are insulated from one another.
  • the division can be made in the conveying direction and / or in a direction perpendicular to it.
  • Subdivision in the conveying direction takes place a multiple measurement for each cross-section, which serves to check the measured values and, if necessary, to eliminate measurement errors.
  • the subdivision in a direction perpendicular to this results in a higher local resolution and better consideration of the inhomogeneity distribution.
  • Figure 1 a schematic representation of the passage of a
  • FIG. 2 a capacitor arrangement with coded sensor plates divided perpendicular to the conveying direction in a schematic perspective illustration.
  • Figure 3 a section perpendicular to the direction of conveyance through the
  • Figure 4 a schematic view of the influence of the uneven distribution of inhomogeneities on the measured values.
  • Figure 5 a cross-sectional density profile for the from the
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring arrangement consisting of two capacitor arrangements 1, 2, the parallel plates of which are perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the conveying direction of a strand of material 5.
  • the first capacitor arrangement 1 determines the Vertikalkapar did, the second capacitor arrangement 2, the horizontal capacitance for the strand of material.
  • the pre-conveyed strand of material arrives in the area of the e th capacitor arrangement 1 and then in the area dfcx second capacitor arrangement 2.
  • the changes in capacitance are compared to the known dielectric constant, for example the dielectric constant of air or a known piece of filler material. averages.
  • phase II both capacitor arrangements 1, 2 are filled with the material strand 5, so that relative measurements of the individual cross-sectional sections take place in this phase.
  • phase III the material strand leaves the capacitor arrangements 1 and 2, so that the transition to the medium with the known and constant dielectric constant, air or a suitable piece of filler material, takes place step by step.
  • the plates 3, 4 of the two capacitor arrangements 1, 2 are each connected to associated electronics 6, 7, the output values of which are sent to a computer for evaluation.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an arrangement of an upper one
  • Capacitor plate 3 which is divided perpendicularly to the conveying direction F into two sections 7, 8 by a narrow insulation 9. The subdivision of the plate 3 gives separate capacitance values for the left and right sides of the material to be measured in the conveying direction, as a result of which the distribution of the inhomogeneities can be inferred more precisely.
  • a thin insulating layer 10 running around the outside of the plate 3 separates the plate 3 with its two sections 7, 8 from a peripheral electrode 11 surrounding the arrangement, the function of which is to prevent the field inhomogeneities existing at the edge from being in the area of the actual measuring capacitor 3 to take effect.
  • the field course in the area the sections 7, 8 of the measuring capacitor 3 is homogeneous in the conveying direction due to the edge electrode 11 and has non-curved field line sections as they arise at the edge of the edge electrode 11 in the conveying direction and perpendicular to it.
  • the insulations 10, 9 are made thin so that noticeable inhomogeneities of the electric field cannot occur in the area of the insulations 10, 9.
  • the sections 7, 8 of the capacitor plate 3 located in one plane and the edge electrode 11 also extending in this plane are surrounded by a protective electrode 12 which on the side opposite the electrode plate 3 has the counterelectrode (grounded) for the measuring capacitor 3 forms and, owing to the closed cross-section, at the same time prevents the capacitance measurement from being influenced by parasitic capacitances which arise when the material to be measured approaches the measurement arrangement.
  • the protective electrode 12 thus forms a closed cylindrical cross section with open end faces through which the material to be measured is conveyed.
  • the side walls and the space between the top of the protective electrode 12 and the plane of the capacitor plate 3 are provided with insulating material 13.
  • edge electrode 11 is pot-shaped and rises above the level of the sections 7, 8 of the capacitor plate 3 with edge pieces, and thus an insulating layer 14 with the exception of the sections 7, 8 and the insulation 9, 10 completely surrounds.
  • the capacitor plate 3 can also be divided into several sections in the conveying direction, so that a multiple measurement takes place for each cross section serves to check the measured values and, if necessary, to eliminate measurement errors.
  • the subdivision shown in sections 7, 8 transversely to the conveying direction F brings about a higher local resolution, as a result of which better consideration of the inhomogeneity distribution is possible.
  • a subdivision into more than two sections 7, 8 both in the conveying direction F and perpendicularly to it is of course possible.
  • a limit of the subdivision is given by the smallest measuring capacity of the partial capacitors created by the subdivision.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the measurement effect in a schematic representation by the capacitor arrangements 1, 2 arranged perpendicular to one another.
  • the same measurement values are produced in the vertical as in the horizontal direction can at best be distinguished by a shape factor with a non-square cross section.
  • FIG. 4b With a purely vertical distribution, as exaggeratedly shown in FIG. 4b, it can be seen that the horizontal measured values remain unchanged, while the vertical measured values fluctuate correspondingly strongly.
  • FIG. 5 shows where the capacitively measured density values are entered in the form of crosses and the associated actual density values in the form of small squares.
  • the density curves relate to a strand of a type of cheese that has large holes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

La détermination de la densité moyenne locale d'une bande de matière (5) soumise à un mouvement d'avance, comportant des zones inhomogènes inégalement réparties sur une section transversale de la bande (5), est possible à l'aide d'un procédé selon lequel, sur une section transversale de la bande et pour des avances progressives sur une distance définie, la capacité de la bande (5) est mesurée dans au moins deux directions transversalement au sens de transport (F) pour un tronçon défini de la bande (5) et selon lequel, on détermine, sur la base de la variation de la valeur de capacité lors de chaque avance progressive, la capacité pour la section transversale entrant ou sortant du tronçon.
PCT/DE1991/000636 1990-08-11 1991-08-07 Procede et dispositif pour la determination de la densite moyenne locale d'une bande de matiere WO1992003717A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4025575.1 1990-08-11
DE19904025575 DE4025575C2 (de) 1990-08-11 1990-08-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der lokalen mittleren Dichte eines Materialstranges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992003717A1 true WO1992003717A1 (fr) 1992-03-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1991/000636 WO1992003717A1 (fr) 1990-08-11 1991-08-07 Procede et dispositif pour la determination de la densite moyenne locale d'une bande de matiere

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DE (1) DE4025575C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992003717A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4442711A1 (de) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-05 Claas Ohg Kapazitive Meßvorrichtung
DE19536766A1 (de) * 1995-10-02 1997-04-03 Somos Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung spezifischer Materialcharakteristiken
EP2516118B1 (fr) * 2009-12-23 2013-11-06 CFS Bühl GmbH Procédé pour classer par ordre de qualité des tranches d'aliment découpées dans un pain d'aliment

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1815033A1 (de) * 1968-01-04 1969-07-31 Ibm Anordnung zum Abschneiden von Scheiben von einem Koerper
US4461363A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-07-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. High-speed capacitive weighing method and apparatus
DE3714199A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1987-11-12 Linke Karl Heinz Verfahren zum gewichtsgenauen schneiden von produkten fester konsistenz
FR2632098A1 (fr) * 1988-05-24 1989-12-01 Cerisy Sa Procede et dispositif de tranchage et de conditionnement a masse constante d'un produit consistant non homogene

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2025644A1 (de) * 1970-05-26 1971-12-16 Gaertner D Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kapazi tivenPrufen der Außenmaße und Feststellen von Fehlern in der Außenseite von rohr , stangen oder stabförmigen Prüflingen aus Metall oder Kunststoff

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1815033A1 (de) * 1968-01-04 1969-07-31 Ibm Anordnung zum Abschneiden von Scheiben von einem Koerper
US4461363A (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-07-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. High-speed capacitive weighing method and apparatus
DE3714199A1 (de) * 1987-04-29 1987-11-12 Linke Karl Heinz Verfahren zum gewichtsgenauen schneiden von produkten fester konsistenz
FR2632098A1 (fr) * 1988-05-24 1989-12-01 Cerisy Sa Procede et dispositif de tranchage et de conditionnement a masse constante d'un produit consistant non homogene

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4025575A1 (de) 1992-02-13
DE4025575C2 (de) 1994-06-23

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