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  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B11/00—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes
  • C09B11/04—Diaryl- or thriarylmethane dyes derived from triarylmethanes, i.e. central C-atom is substituted by amino, cyano, alkyl
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
  • C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System compounds of the platinum group
  • C07F15/0086—Platinum compounds
  • C07F15/0093—Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07J—STEROIDS
  • C07J51/00—Normal steroids with unmodified cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not provided for in groups C07J1/00 - C07J43/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
  • C12Q1/6816—Hybridisation assays characterised by the detection means

Definitions

• Pt-containing compound process for its preparation, and application of such compounds.
• Pt-containing compounds are known from Reedijk, J. Struct. Bonding (Berlin), 67: 53-72.
• This article describes the anti-tumor compound ci ⁇ - Pt(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , which compound has a high affinity for (amongst others) proteins and DNA molecules and particularly it appears that such a compound has a marked affinity for the N7-nitrogen atom in the purine bases Guanine and Adenine, as well as for sulphur groups in macromolecules.
• onochlorinated platinum compounds like Pt(diene)Cl appear to keep their DNA affinity but they do not form cross-links and interfere only slightly with the base pairing of complementary DNA strands, and are as such not anti-tumor active.
• Labelling by direct chemical coupling, like photo- biotin, AAF, mercury, sulfone groups.
• Application of such labels brings along a number of problems, which are particularly related to the complexity of the labelling procedure, the sometimes limited length of the synthetic oligonucleotides which are to be labelled, to use of health-injuring compounds and the stability of the label, when it is bound to the nucleic acid.
• the invention now contemplates providing platinum- containing compounds, in the application of which the above- mentioned disadvantages are effectively removed.
• the invention provides a compound with the formula ⁇ Pt"(w) (x) (y) (z) ⁇ or ⁇ Pt IV (u) (v) (w) (x) (y) (z) ⁇ with the structural formula 1 or 2 respectively of the formula sheet, in which u, v, w, x, y and z represent whether or not the same whether or not interconnected ligand ⁇ , from which at least one is a leaving ligand and at least one of the remaining ligands represents a detectable marker group.
• Such a compound which is novel per se, and on the one side is provided with a directly or indirectly detectable marker group, as for instance a hapten, fluorescein or rhodamine and on the other side is provided with a suitable leaving group, is an especially suitable and novel DNA label with the general indication PtM (Pt stands for platinum and M stands for marker group) with unique properties.
• the thus labelled DNA may be separated from the redundant compound with the formula 1 or 2 of the formula sheet by alcohol precipitation.
• An important advantage is, that the thus labelled DNA may be detected immediately after hybridization by means of a fluorescence microscope or indirectly with one of the known immunohistochemical staining techniques.
• a radioactive ( 14 C or 35 S)-platinum- containing compound according to the invention may be applied as simple and fast (non-enzymatic) labelling of probes, followed by direct detection by means of autoradiography.
• Another important new application of the probes labelled with the present compounds is in situ hybridization in the electron microscope whereby the high mass of the platinum atom in the compound according to the invention takes care for a direct probe-specific local increase of the electron density.
• leaving ligand (CH 3 ) 2 SO, H 2 0 or Cl appears to be especially suitable according to the invention.
• a special preference merits fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TR ⁇ TC) .
• FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
• TR ⁇ TC tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate
• a very suitable compound according to the invention is ⁇ Pt(ethylenediamine) (Me 2 S0) (fluorescein-NH(CS)-NHCH 3 ) ⁇ , in the following abbreviated as PtF.
• novel compounds according to the invention are especially suitable for virus diagnostic purposes, bacteria diagnostic purposes, for detection of genetic deviations, detection of gene expression etc.
• virus strains or subtypes may be distinguished from each other by DNA/RNA probes. Detection methods using labelled DNA or RNA probes appear to be able to solve these problems. Much progress has been made in the diagnosis of both DNA and RNA viruses. The advantage of these methods is that immediately the patient material (smears, samples of blister, nose and other fluids, tissue sections etc.) may be tested on the presence of virus DNA/RNA. Also retrospective studies have already provided important information about viral causes of mortality etc.
• the invention comprises a process for the preparation of Pt-containing compounds according to the invention with the formula ⁇ Pt XI (w) (x) (y) (z) ⁇ or
• the invention extends to a diagnostic kit for use in the detection of viruses, bacteria, parasites, genetic deviations, gene expression, which kit comprises a Pt- containing compound according to the invention.
• PtF ⁇ Pt(ethylenediamine)Cl(fluorescein-NH(CS)NHCH 3 ) ⁇ , abbreviated PtF.
• the reaction may be carried out at an analogous manner with as starting material the one as mentioned above, provided that fluorescein is replaced by for instance rhodamine, AMCA, biotin, digoxygenin or any other hapten, which may be modified in such a manner that therein is present a double-bounded sulphur (S) atom, a -SR group, a NR'R' * group or a nitrogen ring (-N-) , wherein R*R' ' are equal or not equal to each other and represent an organic residual group. (Also H is possible) . These S- or N-atoms serve as binding ligand for the platinum (Pt) atom.
• the dry PtF compound is dissolved at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in distilled water, which has been brought at a pH of 9-10 with NaOH.
• DNA single or double stranded
• RNA at an arbitrary concentration (for instance 100 ⁇ g/ml) was taken up in a low-salt buffer with a pH of about 8 (for instance 10 mM TRIS-HC1) and possibly fragmented by ultrasonication.
• the obtained pellet was washed in 90% ethanol and the nucleic acid labelled with the PtF was dissolved at the desired concentration at an arbitrary buffer (for instance lO TRIS- HC1, a pH of 7.5, 0.3 mM EDTA) .
• an arbitrary buffer for instance lO TRIS- HC1, a pH of 7.5, 0.3 mM EDTA
• Human papilloma virus cannot be cultured, but some subtypes (HPV 16/18) are positively connected with the origin of malignant tumors of amongst others the cervix and the penis.
• the presence of the risk bearing type papilloma virus may be shown very specifically by means of a direct fluorescence procedure or an indirect immunohistochemical procedure with anti-PtM antibodies.
• Example IV Human papilloma virus cannot be cultured, but some subtypes (HPV 16/18) are positively connected with a large chance on the development of malignant tumors on cervix or penis. Further, probes are developed for amongst others the detection of DNA (Vaccinia, Herpes simplex (HSV1/2, Epstein Barr, and adenovirus) and RNA viruses (Rota virus, influenza A, Cocksackie B) . Until present the diagnosis of acute infection with Hepatitis B virus is only possible by inoculation of chimpanzees (i) , for the virus cannot be cultured in human cells.
• DNA Vaccinia, Herpes simplex (HSV1/2, Epstein Barr, and adenovirus
• RNA viruses Rosta virus, influenza A, Cocksackie B
• Varicella zoster virus too, is very difficult to culture: it lasts 5-14 days, before a culture may be assessed. Moreover the virus is very labile and may become inactivated during transport. A negative test is therefore no proof of absence of the illness. Over and above a VZV infection is on morphological grounds indistinguishable from infections with Herpes simplex virus. Even commercially available antisera do not give an answer in immunohistochemical tests.
• Cytomegalo virus is very laboriously cultured; diagnoses within a week's time are impossible, within 6 weeks no exception. CMV infections form an important source of complications in transplant-patients and in patients with reduced defence (AIDS) . A good monitoring of these patients is essential. In the above-mentioned cases a, b and c, which figure as only some of the many possibilities of examples of virus diagnostics, diagnostics may be considerably simplified and accelerated by the application of hybridization techniques with PtM-labelled probes.
• DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis may be detected in for instance a sandwich assay, or by means of an in situ hybridization.
• the hybridization technique with PtM probes offers the possibility for prenatal diagnostics of congenital deviations in for instance amniotic fluid punctates and chorionbioses. Postnatal detection of deviations (for instance malignities) is also possible, as well as extension of HLA typification for diagnosis of HLA associated illnesses.
• Restriction fragment polymorfisms Every human genome will fall apart, when treated with restriction enzymes, in a large number of specific fragments: the restriction fragments. If by a mutation the base sequence changes on a site where a restriction enzyme attacks, will this lead to the development of aberrant fragments. These fragments may be detected by suitable (PtM labelled) probes by means of DNA blotting methods (for instance in sickle cell anaemia, Duchenne muscle dystrophia, cystic fibrosis, Huntingdon chorea) .
• Immediate detection of aberrant DNA with synthetic oligonucleotide probes may take place when the base sequence belonging to a DNA deviation is known ( ⁇ -thalassemia, anti- thrombin III deficiency, grow hormones deficiency, haemo ⁇ philia B, PKU .... etc.).
• Detection of chromosome changes as translocations, deletes, inversions and duplications in the human karyotype may be detected by- eans of in situ hybridization followed by direct PtF fluorescence, or by Southern blotting of restriction fragments.
• Detection of gene expression The visualization of the presence of a cellular anti ⁇ gen using immunoche ical techniques does not prove that at that moment the relative gene are expressed. Neither does this indicate whether the shown product has an intra- or extracellular origin. Detection of mRNA within a cell gives direct information about the expression of genes. This information may provide data on cell functioning, but may also be of assistance in diagnostics.
• RISH or blotting may be applied in the diagnosis of cancer by means of detection of specific gene transcripts (for instance calcitonin mRNA in thyroid gland metastase ⁇ , oncogene expression in malignant tumors) , or the loss of germ line bands (loss of heterozygoty) or gene rearrangement (lymphomas) .
• specific gene transcripts for instance calcitonin mRNA in thyroid gland metastase ⁇ , oncogene expression in malignant tumors
• loss of germ line bands loss of heterozygoty
• gene rearrangement lymphomas

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• 1990
  • 1990-07-19 NL NL9001639A patent/NL9001639A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1991
  • 1991-07-16 JP JP51258291A patent/JP3512792B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-07-16 DE DE69123251T patent/DE69123251T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-07-16 ES ES91913437T patent/ES2097213T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-07-16 AT AT91913437T patent/ATE145403T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-07-16 EP EP91913437A patent/EP0539466B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-07-16 AU AU82863/91A patent/AU8286391A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-07-16 WO PCT/NL1991/000126 patent/WO1992001699A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-07-16 US US07/975,586 patent/US5580990A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-07-16 DK DK91913437.9T patent/DK0539466T3/da active
• 1997
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• 2003
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