Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/08—Mirrors
  • G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
  • F21V7/04—Optical design
  • F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F21—LIGHTING
  • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
  • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes

Definitions

• Parabolic reflectors have been used up to this date as an efficient means of converting a parallel beam of radiation to a point known as the focal point of the reflector. This is the way the radar antenna, microwave dish, long range telescopes and search lights are designed.
• a point source theoretically with no physical dimension should be placed at the focal point of the parabolic reflector.
• the s allness of the point source and the intensity of the source trades off with power input capability, and flux density with materials due primarily to heat.
• the search light the limitation is the electric arc spot size and current density.
• tungsten filament lamps are limited by the melting temperature of tungsten and the filament length.
• Spark sources can be better than most point sources but cannot be a continuous source; besides, the source still has a finite dimension.
• a point source is being filtered by spatial filters such as a pin hole. This cuts down the intensity of the source and still has the resolution limited by the dimension of the pin hole.
• the dimension of the linear array of detectors operating in-phase will be better than a single detector collecting signals at a point source, which will make it very difficult to single out signal from white noises. All this is due to the limitations of the traditional parabolic geometry.
• the optical resolution of the light sources limits the line width of lithography when used to shrink printed circuit to a micro chip; 2) the optical resolution limits the resolution of shadowgraph when used to photograph aerodynamic flows; 3) the optical resolution limits the distance of search light and radar range; 4) in a movie projector, the arc spot intensity limits the screen size of a given negative size to still retain resolution and visibility; 5) the slide projector has an intense halogen lamp located at the focal point of a deep parabolic reflector, etc. It is possible to make a source in a linear form such that the intensity locally can still be limited by material properties; however, the total intensity will be integrated along the linear source. This is not possible with the traditional parabolic reflectors.
• the new invention is called the Cheng Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector geometry. This is a new geometry which can focus a linear radiation source to a focal point such that the intensity is an integral along the line of the radiation source, and the light at the focal point behaves as a nearly perfect dimensionless point source.
• the X-axis is also the symmetrical axis of the parabolic curve.
• the newly invented Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector also generates the reflecting surface by a parabolic curve, except the curve is rotated 90 degrees from the symmetrical axis about a line passing through the focal point and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. This is why the inventor calls it "Orthogonal Parabolic
• an array of line detectors can be made as coherent or coincident detectors to filter out noises which appear to be out of phase. This will increase the gain of the detector many folds without increasing the physical size or number of the antenna.
• the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector can be made to be a part of compound systems for many applications. They are too many to be enumerated; only a few examples will be presented later.
• Figure 1 depicts an ordinary parabolic reflector.
• Figure 2 is an illustration of the newly invented
• Figure 3 illustrates the properties of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector which can create a substantially dimensionless point source.
• Figure 4 is an illustration of the compound system utilizing the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector and an ordinary optical lens system.
• Figure 5 is another example of a compound orthogonal reflector with an ordinary parabolic reflector.
• Figure 6 illustrates another Orthogonal Parabolic
• Reflector compounded with a regular parabolic reflector.
• Figure 7 illustrates a focused and zoom xenon lamp with camera.
• Figure 8 illustrates the electrically driven compound system with an air pusher through a nozzle in conjunction with light.
• Figure 9 illustrates the application of a compound orthogonal reflector and ordinary reflectors as a high gain antenna for the purpose of detecting coherent or coincident signals from far away.
• Figure 10 illustrates the complete Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector which consists of two linear radiation sources. Description- Figures 1 to 10 Figure 1 describes an ordinary parabolic reflector.
• the reflector is viewed in an x and y coordinate system, and the surface of the reflector is generated by a typical parabolic function, y 2 — 4px rotated about the axis of symmetry X-axis.
• the focal point (P,0) depicted here is where a point source normally will be located such that the point source will be reflected by the parabolic reflector to become a parallel beam.
• the parabolic reflector is a receiver, then in the parallel direction of the parabolic mirror axis, the signal will be focused onto the focal point (P,0) where a detector will be located. Moving away from the focal point will focus the beam at a distance or diffuse the beam with a given angle.
• the near linear source as depicted here from S to S 3 will all be reflected at the focal point at the position (P,0), and the linear source from S 1 to S 3 is on the axis of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector; therefore, the intensity at the focal point is a sum of the linear source limited by the same material properties.
• the result is that the intensity can be multiplied by integrating the total energy source from S ⁇ ⁇ to S 3 , and the energy will arrive at the focal point (P,0) and will be intensified by orders of magnitude of a point source with the same material limitations.
• the distance anywhere within the linear source S x to S 3 to the focal point are equal; therefore, if the source is a coherent light source, the point source at the focal point also will be coherent.
• Figure 3 illustrates the dimensionless point source capability of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector.
• the top part of Figure 3 illustrates a dimensionless line source would have the same property as a cylindrical surface radiating at a constant intensity.
• the cylindrical surface is described by the constant intensity flux surface.
• This is the principle of source and sink, that there is a number of concentric rings about the point/linear source having the same total flux.
• the flux density times the surface area of these concentric circles is a constant, which is the same as a linear source which does not have a physical dimension.
• the radiation from a cylindrical surface appears to be emitted in the center of the cylinder without a physical dimension. If we can focus this linear source onto a point, then the radiation at that point is dimensionless.
• This is only achievable by the newly invented Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector.
• 30 illustrates the position of the orthogonal reflector, which is truncated by the necessary sections only.
• 31 illustrates the position of the line source or sink. 32
• the light source emits a coherent radiation, then at the focal point in all angles, the light also will be emitting as a coherent point source. Due to the fact there is no material present at the focal point 32, there is no material limitation in terms of the physical size
• Figure 4 illustrates that one can use an Orthogonal
• the reflector is depicted again by 40 and the light source 41 and the focal point 42.
• this lens will convert a linearly produced radiation source into a
• a parallel beam can be applied to many uses; typically, optical interferrometers, projector systems, shadowgraphs, lithographs, photographs, calibration, and in many other radiation applications, including sound system designing, etc.
• the applications can be applied to many uses; typically, optical interferrometers, projector systems, shadowgraphs, lithographs, photographs, calibration, and in many other radiation applications, including sound system designing, etc.
• Figure 5 depicts yet another application such as a microwave or radar antenna, where an Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector is used in conjunction with a regular parabolic reflector.
• the parabolic reflector will share the same focal distance of focal point F with the
• Orthogonal Parabolic Reflectors The Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector is depicted by SO; a linear source or detector array is depicted by 51; the focal point, 52; the parabolic reflector, 53.
• SO The Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector
• 51 a linear source or detector array is depicted by 51; the focal point, 52; the parabolic reflector, 53.
• the combination of these two reflectors gives either increased intensity of the radiation due to its inherent radiating power, or increased gain property of detection due to the coherent receiving ability of distant signals. Perturbing the focal points of the two will also focus the beam or diverge the beam with a given angle.
• Figure 6 illustrates another use of a compound Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector with an ordinary parabolic reflector sharing the same focal point F at 62.
• the linear source in this case could be a xenon lamp oriented in the actual direction of the ordinary parabolic reflectors.
• 60 reflects a section of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector.
• the linear radiation source 61 reflects from the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector and is focused at the same focal point as the parabolic reflector 63, which creates an intense parallel beam.
• the reflector has a very short focal distance; therefore, the intense beam will have a diameter smaller than the sectional opening of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflectors.
• Such an application is good for a focused xenon flash lamp such that the light will be more focused in the direction of the reflector.
• Reflector, and 72 is the linear light source of a xenon lamp or an intense tungsten filament.
• 73 is the focal point common to both reflectors.
• 74 is the ordinary reflector; 75 is the hinge linking the Parabolic 15 Reflector to a lever with a hinge point at 76, and the lever 77 will link to a position anchored to the camera zoom lens, 70.
• the zoom lens is being depicted by 79. Therefore, the focal point of the spread of the light will coincide with the zoom lens images.
• Other 20 accessories can be added to the front such as a washer plate diffuser, depicted as 78. Many other additions can be thought of as an add-on to the automatic zoom flash lamp system, or just a zoom lamp system, depending on the light source.
• Figure 8 describes yet another compound ordinary parabolic reflector with Orthogonal Parabolic Reflectors with a linear source.
• the parabolic reflectors were energized by the electromagnetic transducer such as a speaker voice coil 84. If the case 0 is part of a small speaker system, then the reflection will focus the beam along the axis of the light source 83.
• the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector is depicted by 82.
• the source is depicted as 83; the focal point, 81; a speaker of pusher type, 88, with a check valve to 5 induce air into the system.
• 80 is the parabolic reflector; 84 is an electromagnetic coil as part of a linear transducer; 85 is a magnetic system which would interact with the magnetic coil 84.
• the supporting frame If the flash lamp is fired, yet the reflector is also being moved by another means, then the light can be shined on the target as first focused, then gradually unfocused. If the movement is energetic enough to push air, the air can be converged through another attachment nozzle 87 to become a high-speed ejector of a smoke ring with sound, and the smoke can be generated by other means, such as a smoke ring generator, depicted by 89. A combination of this can be made into an imaginative toy which has magical visuals and sensational effects.
• the device can be used to demonstrate the different speeds of propagating methods.
• Figure 9 illustrates the use of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector 90 and the parabolic receiving reflector 92, which will focus the signal through 91 and reflect the signal on a detector, 93.
• the microwave signal detection from distant stars due to its linear array of detectors can be viewed as coincidental detectors; therefore, using the phase locked signal detection and discrimination, which would synchronize the signal in a spatial sense through identifying the real signal with a certain spatial resolution, rejecting the random noise from the air current and other reasons. This eliminates multiple antenna array currently being used.
• Figure 10 is the illustration of a complete orthogonal reflector. The shape will be like an American football.
• the two linear sources placed on the axis if were very powerful radiation sources, can be focused onto a point of almost no dimension, and such an intense source can be used as a calibration standard or can be used for laser fusion and in many other applications for dimensionless point source with extremely high intensity. On the other hand, it also can be used as sensitive detector to discriminate signals against noise. Operation - Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 From the description above, a number of my inventions become evident: a) From Figure 2, the linear source or sink (detector) from S ⁇ to S 3 can be arbitrary in length so only a section of the Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector (OPR) would be needed. This provides the option to combine OPR with other systems.
• OPR Orthogonal Parabolic Reflector
• the OPR surface can be generated by rotating the parabolic surface about any line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, where the line source will focus the light as a focused ring. It is also anticipated the parabolic curve can be composed of a number of different focal length parabolas. e) From Figures 4 and 5, just the simple compounding system should improve the beam quality. Instead of increasing the power, due to its improved beam quality, it can afford to lower the power to achieve the same results. The advantage of using a linear source will immediately alleviate the difficulties of developing intense point source, such as spark, arc, and microwave transmitters as examples. It is also pointed out that the linear source can be in the form of a small cylindrical surface.
• Figure 9 illustrates the line array of detectors when detecting a signal, say from a distant star.
• the spatial resolution of the signal far exceeds the dimension of any man-made antenna dishes. Due to noise perturbing the signal, such as atmosphere density fluctuation, the solar wind and other astronomical perturbations, will cause the signal to have a higher noise level sometimes than signals. Since the detector array will receive the signal from the antenna focal point at the same distance and time, the beat frequency among all the detectors will bring out the coherent signal and filter out the noise. This may eliminate a giant array of microwave dishes for the same purpose. f) From Figure 10, it also solves the optical problem of laser fusion.
• the beam In laser fusion, multiple laser beams are shined on a target. Ideally, the beam should be a constant spherical implosion onto the target. Since the beam has to be focused individually, the ideal implosion condition just cannot be achieved. With this OPR concept, the radiation can be obtained from say a linear intense z-pinch, which can provide more power to the point sink than even the laser systems.
• the advantage of a zoom xenon flash lamp is unique in that zoom lens cameras have current improvements in that the camera's flash lamps now are equipped with light integrators to cut off the xenon discharge. This only applies to close distance objects. When the zoom lens is focused onto a distant object such as in the ballpark, presidential conferences and animals in the wild, flash lamps are useless at this moment.
• the object of the reflector is to transform a linear source or sink
• the improvement in material for the construction of the reflector surface can contain selectively properties of wave length or frequencies so that the system will only reflect according to OPR principle within those wave lengths and frequencies.
• the perturbation away from the perfect position sometimes is also desirable for special applications. The deviation will be considered obvious by the inventor.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
• Lenses (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

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Citations (4)

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• 1989
  • 1989-12-21 US US07/455,518 patent/US5037191A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1990
  • 1990-12-20 AT AT91903020T patent/ATE142026T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-12-20 CA CA002071635A patent/CA2071635C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-12-20 DE DE69028316T patent/DE69028316T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-12-20 JP JP50329791A patent/JP3220452B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-12-20 EP EP91903020A patent/EP0506882B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-12-20 WO PCT/US1990/007575 patent/WO1991010212A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-12-20 AU AU71826/91A patent/AU7182691A/en not_active Abandoned
• 1991
  • 1991-02-13 TW TW080101209A patent/TW219977B/zh active

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