Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
  • E04G21/3204—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings against falling down
  • E04G21/3209—Temporary tunnels specially adapted against falling objects
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
  • E04B2001/0084—Buildings with non right-angled horizontal layout grid, e.g. triangular or hexagonal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B2001/34892—Means allowing access to the units, e.g. stairs or cantilevered gangways

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an arrangement in a mobile foot tunnel system for establishment of a protected gangway past building locations and slum clearance regions and the like, and comprising a multiple of sections mountable together where each individual section comprises parallel bottom and top frames and number of posts which are arranged mutually parallel between the frames along the side surfaces of the section, and the bottom frame, the top frame and the side surfaces are wholly or partially covered.
• the invention also relates to an arrangement in mounting fittings for coupling together the foot tunnel sections.
• Foot tunnel systems are employed to protect persons who are walking past construction zones such as building locations and slum clearance regions.
• the foot tunnel systems can also be employed for footbridges such as pedestrian crossings or pedestrian subways, or for example for setting up of shelter walls or for shelter sheds in connection with stations for republic communication means.
• the foot tunnel systems which are employed to-day for protecting persons who proceed past building locations and regions where older buildings are reconstructed, are rectangular constructions which are placed on street plans.
• the supporting members of the foot tunnel sections comprise usually a construe- tion in the form of frames with posts fastened in between the frames.
• the frames consist as a rule of beams welded together. I the frames there can also be arranged bracing means parallel to each other. Between the bottom sides of the top beams and the sides of the posts which face in towards the interior of the tunnel section, there are often arranged bracing beams which are welded in an oblique positions.
• the bottom frame is covered wit expanded metal which can represent a general safety risk, for example for persons with high heeled shoes, and it can effect th stability of the section.
• the top frame is occasionally covered with corrugated steel plates.
• the foot tunnels which are employed to-day are largely developed from the conventional construction for transport containers where between the frame members there are welded in i the corners special coupling means in the form of so-called ISO corners which are prefabricated. Further there are arranged coupling holes in each of the three side surfaces of the ISO corners which face outwards. During the production of the container such an ISO element is thus welded in in each corner.
• the afore-mentioned holes in the ISO corners are employed to loc the containers together which are stacked on top of each other and across, by means of clamp bolts or so-called elephant hooks. This is necessary when the containers are transported on open decks of a ship.
• the afore-mentioned solutions represent in addition a significant safety risk since the joint regions between the sections most often are not satisfactorily safeguarded against falling objects or safeguarded in the face of displacements.
• the afore-mentioned foot tunnels in addition cannot be employed in free span without extensive and expensive reinforcements in the form of tiers of beams or frames which the tunnels are mounted on. Coupling together is thus carried out only by arranging elephant hooks in the said corner holes in two adjacent sections
• bridge types consist o matching sections which are coupled together at the location of use, and where various solutions are used for coupling together the individual sections.
• One such bridge construction is known from DE Patent Specification 2,052,107 where the sections are coupled together by means of fittings and hinges which can abso movements and facilitate the mounting itself.
• U.S. Patent Specification 4,601,079 the footbridge sections can be rolled up.
• Other examples of bridge constructions are disclosed in U.S. Patent Specification 3,103,026 and SE Patent Specifi ⁇ cation 324,797.
• U.S. Patent Specification 3,103,026 and SE Patent Specifi ⁇ cation 324,797 are disclosed in U.S. Patent Specification 3,103,026 and SE Patent Specifi ⁇ cation 324,797.
• none of these constructions is it possible to couple together the end portion of a section with t side portion of an adjacent section, as a result of short ends the sections having shapes of totally different dimensions relative to the side portions.
• the arrangement in the mobile foot tunnel system according to the present invention is characterised in that the tunnel sections are designed with different plan sections so that the total outline of the gangway can be covered, such as in swings right angles or in a curve, at branches from outside a point of intersection, at U-swings, at T-shaped crossings, and at trans ⁇ fers between dissimilar height levels, that the posts in each individual section are arranged essentially with equal centre distances (a) along the total peripheral side perimeter of the section, so that adjacent sections can be assembled together wi
• a supporting column which is secured to the centre of the botto and top frames, and steps are secured to the column so that the steps form a spiral design, and in the top frame there is forme an opening for exit to the upper side of the top frame.
• th sections are satisfactorily coupled together.
• This can preferab be done by forming a through hole through bracing fittings, whi are permanently mounted in a manner known per se between the under side of the beams of the frame and the side surfaces of t posts, so that the holes in adjacent bracing fittings of joined sections are aligned with each other for the through passage of fastening bolt, such as a threaded bolt with associated nut so that the sections can be screwed tightly against each other.
• fastening bolt such as a threaded bolt with associated nut
• the bracing fitting ought in the longitudinal direction to be arranged withdrawn a given distance from a plane which coincides with th outer side plane of the section, and is preferably arranged at distance of about 10 mm from the outer plane of the section. Wh two sections of the system are so set against each other one achieves with this solution that the bracing fittings do not thrust against each other, something which otherwise would prevent or weaken the coupling together of the sections.
• the arrangement in mounting fittings for coupling together foot tunnel sections is characterised by a profiled plate-shape blank which is bent to form two side portions which in cross- section form an angle of about 90° with each other, and is designed with through holes preferably two in each side portion the holes being aligned with equivalent holes in bracing fittin of the sections when the fittings are correctly placed surroun-
• Fig. 6 shows schematically a perspective view of a section (F) with a built-in spiral staircase.
• Fig. 7 shows a side section of a straight staircase section (C).
• Fig. 8-10 show perspective views of three constructions of mounting fittings for additional reinforcement of the joining of adjacent foot tunnel sections.
• Fig. 11 shows in a scrap section how a reinforcing fitting is arranged in the joining of two adjacent sections of the foot tunnel system according to the invention.
• Fig. 12-16 show plan sections of foot tunnel systems according to the invention in the form of dissimilar mountings o the basic sections according to Fig. 1-4.
• Fig. 17 shows a side section of a construction of the foot tunnel system in free air span in the form of a foot bridge having two rectangular sections (B) and step sections of which the one staircase section according to fig. 6 is sketched in tw alternative directions.
• FIG. 1 there is shown a perspective view of a foot tunn section (A) having a square plan section and which can be employed in the foot tunnel system according to the invention.
• the section consists of a bottom frame 11 and a top frame 12 an posts 15.
• the bottom and the top frames are parallel and consis of pairs of parallel beams 13, 14 (of square bar steel) which a joined, preferably by welding.
• parallel bracings (n shown in the drawing) can be welded in between the beams in the bottom and top frame.
• the posts 15 are arranged between the frames and are permanently welded to the beams 13, 14.
• the cent distance (a) between the posts is equally large around the side periphery of the whole section.
• adjacen to the fastening point between beams and posts two fastening
• lifting ears 16 which are employed during handling and lifti of the sections.
• the lifting ears 16 are also employed to secur safety poles for railings in case there shall take place the traffic of persons on top of the top frame, and they can be employed for example to secure grating on the roof of the section.
• bracing fastenings 17 function impact absorbingly at the moment of loading when the section is exposed to overloadings from above and/or from the side.
• FIG. 2 there is shown an elongate section (B) with rectangular plan sections for the foot tunnel system according the invention.
• This basic section as it is mostly employed in practice.
• the construction of the section itself corresponds to the design of the section which is illu ⁇ strated in Fig. 1, in that it consists of parallel top and bott frames 11, 12 of pairs of parallel steel beams welded together and posts 15 which are welded in between the frames.
• additional cross-set frame beams hidden in t drawing
• these frame beams and posts are arranged with a centre distance (a) which corresponds to the centre distance between the posts 15 at the short end (b) of the section and they have the same dimensions beams t and posts in the remaining portion of the frame.
• a centre distance
• bracings Adjacen to the fastening points between top frame beams 13, 14 and pos there are arranged in the same way as for the basic model of Fi 1, obliquely set bracing fastenings 17 where there are drilled holes 18 across the side surfaces of the section.
• each corn of the section there are thus present two such bracing fastenings, while in connection with the posts which are arran on the long sides of the section, between the corner posts, th are present three coupling fastenings, that is to say that two are arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the section while one is arranged across.
• three coupling fastenings that is to say that two are arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the section while one is arranged across.
• Fig. 4 there is shown a joint section which has a surf section like an equilateral triangle (D). Since the centre distance (a) between the posts is the same as for the remainin sections the possibilities of coupling together to three side surfaces of the section are optional.
• Fig. 5 there is shown a further construction of such a joint section designed with a plan section like an equilateral hexagon (E) .
• Each of the side surfaces of these sections (Fig. and 5) is dimensioned in the same way as the side surfaces of remaining sections as regards lifting ears, bracing fastenings between beams and the posts, the seamless steel plates on the and bottom frames, the covering of the side walls with plates, gratings, if desired the erection, of rails.
• the connection or the jointing wit other of the discussed sections can consequently occur via al the six side surfaces of equal size.
• the side surfaces are standardised, that is to say that on coupling together the bracing fastenings on two or more adjacent fastenings will be aligned with each other so that the sections can be joined by
• the plate-shaped body there are designed two through-going holes 30, 31, preferably two in each side portion, so that the holes align with equivalent holes in the bracing fittings of the sections when the fittings are correctly positioned.
• the sectio are position stabilised relative to each other with threaded bolts which are installed through the aligned holes 30, 31 in mounting fittings and bracing fittings, after which the fitting is fastened in that a nut is screwed on the bolt.
• Fig. 9 there is shown a fitting in another construction, and it is evident that the one side portion 32 is identical to the corresponding portion 28 of the fitting which is shown in Fig. 8.
• the other side portion 33 forms however a claw-shaped fastening means in that the side portion is bent further so tha the fitting forms a U-shaped cross-section, and a middle portio 34 of the side portion is cut out.
• the claw-shaped fastening means can form a surrounding abutment against two impacting bottom frame beams or posts on two adjacent sections.
• This fastening means is employed to hold the bottom frame beams of the sections together during mounting of a foot tunnel syste and is necessary to utilise during mounting in free span.
• FIG. 10 Another construction of a mounting fitting is shown in Fig 10.
• the other side portion 36 comprises however only an elongate flat plate as shown in the figure to form a hold around impacting beams or posts in the foot tunnel system.
• the two mounting fittings which are shown in Fig. 8 and 10 can be employed to join both the bottom and top frames of the sections. This applies also to the sections which do not have rectangular surface sections, that is to say that the fittings for example can also be employed in the joining of a section of isosceles cross-section to the short end of a section of rectangular surface section. Obviously the fittings are also employed to join two sections which are mounted on top of each other. The fittings are also employed when the straight section are to be coupled together in free span.
• the mounting fitting according to Fig. 9 is employed however only to join the bottom frames of adjacent sections. For mounting in free span it is mainly straight sections which are of interest for coupling together.
• Fig. 11 there is shown a scrap section of how a rein ⁇ forcing fitting of the afore-mentioned types is placed for joining of two adjacent sections 37, 38 in the foot tunnel syst according to the invention.
• a fitting according to Fig. 8 is placed against the beams and posts 15, 1 of the two sections in the corners, and the four fastening bolt 39-42 are installed in holes of the fitting and further into th respective holes 18 in the bracing fittings 17 on the respectiv impacting sections 37, 38,
• the illustrated fittings thus preven the sections being displaced vertically or horizontally relativ to each other.
• Fig. 12-16 there are shown (on a reduced scale) surface sections of a series of alternative constructions of foot tunne systems which are made up of the afore-mentioned foot tunnel sections (A-E) . It will be evident that the system can be con ⁇ structed with optional and almost unlimited modifications by means of the described sections having square, triangular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections.
• a plan section of ho a foot tunnel crossing can be constructed by means of an hexa ⁇ gonal section (E) three side branches emanating from this in th form of two rectangular (B) sections and a square (A) section a starts of further branchings of tunnels in different directions
• Fig. 13 there is shown an example of how a U-swing in a foot tunnel system can be constructed by means of rectangular sections (B) and a series of isosceles sections (C).
• Fig. 14 shows how an arcuate swing formation can be con ⁇ structed by means of a square section (A) and isosceles section (C) these leading further to for example rectangular sections (B).
• Fig. 16 shows a second example of a foot tunnel crossing where the equilateral section (D) is coupled together with rectangular sections (B) .
• Fig. 16 there is shown how a foot tunnel (A) can be expanded into two parallel tracks (B) by means of three equi ⁇ lateral sections (D) coupled together.
• Fig. 17 shows a side section of a foot tunnel system in a free air span relative to a horizontal foundation (H) in the for of a footbridge comprising two rectangular sections (B) illu ⁇ strated in Fig. 2 and two staircase sections (G) illustrated in Fig. 6.
• Mounting fittings 46 (according to Fig. 8-10) are mounte between the two rectangular sections (B) .
• the one staircase section (G) is shown in two alternative directions.
• the staircas sections (G) can thus be turned both ways, that is to say both upwards 44 and downwards 45 by merely horizontally rotating the section.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19891396

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (4)

Citations (6)

• 1988
  • 1988-11-07 NO NO88884951A patent/NO884951L/no unknown
• 1989
  • 1989-11-03 WO PCT/NO1989/000114 patent/WO1990005217A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events