Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
  • A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
  • A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a process for ensilage of feed plants.
• different preservation methods for feed have been known which by their pH-decreasing effect prevent the growth of butyric acid bacteria, other spoilage bacteria and fungi.
• mineral acids, formic acid or other additives which stimulate a natural lactic acid fermentation have been used.
• Lactic acid fermentation is regarded as an ideal way of preservation because of the low material losses and the high nutritional value of the acids produced.
• Lactic acid bacteria also have a relatively long generation time compared to the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria against which they compete during the first phase of ensilage, i.e. while the supply of oxygen is good. To stimustimulate the lactic acid fermentation the following have therefore been attempted
• faecalis grows rapidly under aerobic conditions, and while not being particularily tolerant to lactate, it rapidly reduces pH to a level where L.piantarum is of greater advantage, b) the addition of high numbers of lyophilized/dried lactic acid bacteria to the crop before or during the filling of the silo,
• the commercially available inoculants are usually lyophilized products to which a cryoprotective agent, a carrier and/or a nutrient solution have often been added.
• the inoculants are added to the crop either as powder or as an aqueous suspension which is sprayed onto the grass during harvesting or filling of the silo.
• At least one strain shows ability to utilize starch.
• a combination of strains belonging to the genera Pediococcus and Lactobacillus was used. Surprisingly it was found that by using 6-8 selected strains the effluent was considerably reduced. This may be due to production of water binding polymers by at least one of the strains used, e.g. Lactobacillus plantarum. It has been found that this strain is especially suited since it effectively uses the plants' polysaccharides.
• the ensilage produces variable amounts of effluent depending on the dry matter content of the ensiled material, the rate of packing, the rate of cutting or grinding and the use of additives which enhance lysis (e.g. acids).
• the production of effluent has been a considerable problem because of the significant loss of valuable nutritious components and because it represents a significant pollution and environmental problem.
• the present invention provides by reduction of the effluent a great advantage compared to the state of the art.
• the selective growth environment is created for the applied lactic acid bacteria so they will multiply and reach an active growth phase in the absence of competing microorganisms before application to the crop.
• This is achieved by innoculating the lyophilized bacteria in a specially composed sterile broth, e.g. modified MRS, which is contained in a tightly closed container, e.g. a plastic bottle.
• the container is thereafter incubated at room temperature, and after 24 hours it contains a turbid bacterial culture in active growth.
• the bacterial culture which is stable for 1-2 weeks at 4°C, is mixed with water and thereafter sprayed onto the crop during harvesting, e.g. by using a flail harvester.
• the bacterial culture is propagated to a high cell density before application, i.e. a large number of active bacteria is added to the crop.
• the bacteria are converted from a resting (lyophilized) state to active metabolizing and lactate-producing cells in the absence of interfering micro-organisms and are added to the crop in active state.
• the bacteria are cultivated under conditions which are selective for lactic acid bacteria (e.g. absence of air, ca. 20°C, specially composed growth medium), and which promote rapid growth and a ready-to-use bacterial suspension after only 12 - 24 1-rurs.
• the bacterial culture is also stable for 1-2 weeks 4oC), thus giving great flexibility for the user.
• the number of lyophilized bacteria of each strain contained in the preparation may theoretically be reduced as long as the cells are viable and have the ability to multiply. This may give a significant expense-saving effect during the production of the product compared to conventional inoculants for ensilage requiring large quantities of bacteria, thus entailing higher production costs and hence higher prices.
• An ensilage kit consists of a vial with lyophilized lactic acid bacteria (ca. 10 ml) and a sealed container with a sterile nutrient broth (a plastic bottle with screw-cap, 2 litres).
• the ensilage kit is easy to transport, requires little storage space and is stable, which is of great importance in connection with e.g. preparedness.
• the inoculant may be applied to the crop by using conventional harvesting equipment (e.g. flail harvester).
• conventional harvesting equipment e.g. flail harvester
• this product has the same advantages as other inoculants used for ensilage, being environmentally safe, biologically compatible, not hazardous to the health (e.g. when splashed in the eyes), not caustic (e.g. on clothes, skin etc.) and does not corrode equipment (e.g. feed harvester etc.).
• Tween 80 ® is a registered trade mark for polyoxyethylene- (20)-sorbitanemonooleate.
• a procedure for application of the product for ensilage of crop may be as follows:
• the vial containing the lyophilized bacteria is half-filled with cold tap water (or sterile nutrient broth), closed with the rubber stopper and shaken well.
• the contents of the vial are poured into the container with sterile nutrient broth (2 litres), the broth having room temperature.
• the cap is replaced and the container is left for activation at room temperature (20-25°C) for 24 hours.
• the contents should be used immediately after the activation period, but may be stored for 1 week at cellar temperature (5-10°C).
• the contents of the container are mixed thoroughly and diluted with cold tap water to approximately 25 litres in a plastic can.
• the mixture is applied to the grass via flail harvester, and is recommended for approximately 7 tons of grass.
• the grass is supplied with a minimum of 1.000.000 viable lactic acid bacteria per gram.
• the grass material consisted of timothy (Phleum pratense) (73%), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) (17%), red clover (Trifolum pratense) (6%) and other grass species (4%).
• the dry matter content of the grass was 14-15%.
• the buffer capacity was 350 mekv./kg dry matter (DM) and the sugar content, expressed as water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), was 115-120 g/kg DM.
• Lactic Control 2,0 28,2 59,6 21,9 acid Accord.to inv. 2,4 36,2 65,5 70,5 (g/kq DM) Formic acid 0.4 5.5 45.0 12.6
• the metabolizing strains according to the invention show a significantly more rapid pH-decrease than both the control and the formic acid silage which to some extent is reflected in the increased lactic acid production.
• neither the control nor the formic acid silo is sufficiently stabilized, which leads to a secondary pH-increase parallell to the consumption of produced lactic acid.
• the production of effluent by using the product according to the invention is significantly reduced compared to the control and the formic acid, this also resulting in a reduced loss of dry matter.
• Example 2 Experiments comparing metabolizing strains according to the invention and formic acid. Carbondioxide loss.
• the experiment was performed by using 10 1 pilot silos. Loss of carbon dioxide was measured as weight loss.
• the grass material consisted mainly of timothy (Phleum pratense) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) (50/50).
• the dry matter content was 23%.
• the grass material consisted mainly of timothy (Phleum pratense) with a dry matter content of 20,9% and WSC of 129 g/kg DM.
• Table 4 pH-development and lactic acid production.
• Lactic Formic acid 0 0,7 0,8 3,2 7,3 acid Accord. to inv. 0 4,0 7,8 12,8 11,8
• the strain L.piantarum is able to utilize starch as an energy- and carbon source.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
• Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
• Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (2)

Citations (4)

• 1988
  • 1988-04-28 NO NO881867A patent/NO164576C/no unknown
• 1989
  • 1989-04-26 WO PCT/NO1989/000036 patent/WO1989010067A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

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