WO1988006973A1 - Panneau stratifie et composition vulcanisable par faisceau d'electrons utilisee dans la fabrication dudit panneau - Google Patents

Panneau stratifie et composition vulcanisable par faisceau d'electrons utilisee dans la fabrication dudit panneau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988006973A1
WO1988006973A1 PCT/AU1988/000063 AU8800063W WO8806973A1 WO 1988006973 A1 WO1988006973 A1 WO 1988006973A1 AU 8800063 W AU8800063 W AU 8800063W WO 8806973 A1 WO8806973 A1 WO 8806973A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electron beam
composition
paper
acrylate
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1988/000063
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Lyndon Garnett
Stephen James Bett
Original Assignee
Polycure Pty Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polycure Pty Limited filed Critical Polycure Pty Limited
Publication of WO1988006973A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988006973A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • C09D4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09D159/00 - C09D187/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/0076—Curing, vulcanising, cross-linking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/08—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0875—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0887—Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using particle radiation using electron radiation, e.g. beta-rays

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for manufacture of a composite board having a decorative or protective laminated surface and to laminates for use with the method.
  • Composite boards manufactured by bonding together particles or chips of wood are widely used in building and construction and for the manufacture of furniture. It is often desired to provide such board or other composites with a factory applied decorative or protective finish and that has hitherto been accomplished by laminating a thermosetting resin sheet, for example a melamine sheet, under pressure, to a surface of the board or by painting the board surface with a conventional air-dried or solvent based paint.
  • a thermosetting resin sheet for example a melamine sheet
  • the exposed surface is frequently subjected to harsh treatment including cleaning and scrubbing, often with abrasives and sometimes with solvent preparations.
  • the decorative surface is thus required to have a high order of hardness, scuff resistance, water and solvent resistance.
  • Melamine laminated surfaces provide an excellent hard, scuff-resistant decorative surface but stacked sheets of melamine are expensive to handle and the process of laminating individual stiff sheets to respective boards using heated presses is labour intensive and too costly for many end uses.
  • Paint systems now in use for factory finishing hardboards and particle boards while less expensive to apply have less satisfactory properties than melamine laminates and tend to be more costly than is desired.
  • the drying step of the painting process is especially costly in terms of space requirement.
  • When applied to timber the paints tend to raise the grain requiring sanding between multiple coats. .
  • the unevenness of hardboard surfaces also necessitates application of multiple coats or fillers, adding to materials cost.
  • UV radiation In an effort to more rapidly dry the paints, it has been proposed to cure paints applied to such substrates by UV radiation.
  • the faster curing obtainable with UV curing reduces space requirement to some extent but UV-cureable formulations are limited in pigment loading capacity and are restricted in their ability to accept pigments of certain colours.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a composite board having a surface finish which has a satisfactory level of hardness, scuff resistance and solvent resistance and which can be produced more economically than conventional melamine laminates.
  • a further objective is to provide a surface finish to hardboard which has a desired opacity (so as to be able to hide joins or defects in the substrate) and which provides the necessary gloss and chemical resistance. Disclosure of Invention
  • the invention consists in a method for manufacture of a ' composite board having a decorative or protective surface, comprising the steps of: a) coating an electron beam curable pigmented composition onto a carrier sheet; b) curing the composition by means including electron beam irradiation; and c) bonding the cured coated carrier sheet to a composite board.
  • compositions may be prepared which accept high loadings of pigment (more than 40% by weight) and which may nevertheless be cured by electron beam radiation at high speeds (e.g. 400 m/min.) after coating onto a relatively inexpensive carrier sheet such as paper.
  • the carrier sheet is a paper selected to have an intrinsic opacity
  • the coating composition has a viscosity greater than 1000 cps at 30°C and is applied at an elevated temperature, e.g. 40 - 50°C or up to 60°C, the application viscosity being about 3 - 400 cps at the application temperature.
  • the method is economically competitive with other laminated composite boards produced by the prior art methods.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are economically competitive with other laminated composite boards produced by the prior art methods.
  • the first step in methods according to the invention is to coat a carrier, for example paper or foil, with an EB curable composition.
  • a carrier for example paper or foil
  • the carrier is a paper having low oil absorption characteristics in order to minimize penetration of the curable composition during the dwell time between coating and curing.
  • Opacity herein expressed as . /Y refers to measurements in the YXY system as determined with a MINOLTA chromometer.
  • a paper of opacity Y./Y >0.9 when coated and cured according to the invention, will have an intrinsic opacity >0.95 (Brightness >90) and will hide the substrate at surprisingly low coating weights of less than 15 gsm and usually 4 - 10 gsm depending on pigment loading in the coating.
  • Another important factor in selection of paper for use in the invention is the presence of lignins and wood.
  • Papers made from pulp which has not been chemically treated e.g. mechanically ground wood pulp or semi-chemical pulp from which lignin has not been removed are favoured.
  • the coating may be applied to foils, cellulose fibre batts, webs, felts or other carriers which may be bonded to a composite board.
  • the EB coating composition comprises one or more cross-linkable acrylate oligomers.
  • the oligomer is selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate and silicone acrylate oligomers.
  • oligomers may be multifunctional, self-crosslinking oligomers or may be used in combination with crosslinking agents.
  • Preferred crosslinking agents are acrylate monomers and more preferably ether acrylate monomers or alkoxylated acrylate monomers, e.g. tripropylene glycol diacrylate.
  • the EB curable composition essentially includes one or more pigments and optionally may include filters, extenders, dyes, and other additives.
  • oligomer influences flexibility, hardness, abrasion and solvent resistance of the end product and pigmentability.
  • Table I shows the viscosity of various compositions identified by characters "A" to "J". Of these, compositions “D” to “J” inclusive are embodiments of the invention and compositions “A" to “C” are included for comparison only.
  • EBECRYL* 1810 is a low viscosity polyester acrylate having an "as supplied” viscosity of 340 cps with no diluent added. This has been found to provide an excellent grinding medium for pigments and enables a pigment loading of up to 71% w/w without addition of diluent. After EB curing formulation “F” and “G”, a hard and glossy film is obtained from each. In
  • Formulation "E” utilizes a low molecular weight, highly reactive aromatic urethane triacrylate (LOCRIL** 3134) in which pigment loadings of 60% may be satisfactorily achieved without the use of diluent and on curing hard, glossy and very solvent resistant coatings are obtained.
  • LOCRIL** 3134 highly reactive aromatic urethane triacrylate
  • the LOCRIL 3134 system When thinned with monomer (TPGDA) , the LOCRIL 3134 system has superior solvent resistance, hardness and water resistance at identical viscosity to the EBECRYL 1810 system and has very similar gloss. In practice, pigment loadings of 60% represent a practical maximum above which additional pigment does not substantially increase opacity.
  • the opacity of the film is such that surprisingly thin films may be utilized.
  • formulation "J" may be used in films as thin as 6 - 7 grams per square meter .(gsm) .
  • compositions according to the invention desirably comprise a crosslinking agent which is preferably one or a blend .of monomers, and more preferably is a blend of multifunctional ether acrylate, or alkoxy acrylate, monomers.
  • a crosslinking agent which is preferably one or a blend .of monomers, and more preferably is a blend of multifunctional ether acrylate, or alkoxy acrylate, monomers.
  • Particularly suitable acrylate monomers include:
  • These monomers are compatible with the oligomer system and are efficient viscosity reducers. They have low odour, high crosslinking efficiency (and thus provide high cure speed) and low DRAIZE value (skin irritancy) .
  • a blend of TPGDA:DPGDA:PGTA (3:5:2) is employed with URACRIL T as the oligomer.
  • a 60:40 blend of TPGDA/PGTA is used with URACRIL T.
  • Increasing the level of the trifunctional monomer substantially increases solvent resistance in the finished product.
  • Water resistance is of particular importance for laminates for use e.g. inside kitchen cupboards. Water resistance can be measured by two different but related parameters, namely water absorption into the paper laminate, and water transmission into the laminate substrate.
  • Water resistance is important to prevent delamination and substrate swelling. We have found that water resistance decreases in the order LOCRIL 3134 > URACRIL T > EBECRYL 1810 but is enhanced by heavier film weights and by inclusion of hydrophobic monomers e.g. HDDA, TMPTA. Water resistance is also improved by including a silicone diacrylate such as EB 350 (available from UCB) in the oligomer blend. In general, it is preferable to select those compositions which include oligomers having the highest crosslinking density and the greatest hydrophobicity e.g. urethane acrylates with alkyl backbones and with high functionality.
  • the coating formulation may be applied to the paper by any suitable means for example by use of a roller coater at elevated temperature, for example 45°C - 50°C, by knife coaters or by other means.
  • the applied coating is cured by an electron beam. Curing is typically conducted at speeds of 400 m/min. with a dose of 3 M rads in the presence of an inert (N_) atmosphere. Under these conditions (400 m/min) the dwell time of the composition between coating and curing is about 0.3 seconds. Cured coatings of 1 - 15 gsm give adequate opacity when paints of 40 - 70% pigment loading are used depending on choice of paper.
  • the cured coated sheet or foil so produced is sufficiently flexible to be wound onto a roll in long lengths at 400 m/min and may be economically produced and stored on the roll.
  • the cured coated sheet or foil is subsequently unwound from the roll and laminated onto a composite board, particularly hardboard, particle board or other substrate.
  • the laminating process varies slightly depending on the adhesive but is essentially application of adhesive to the substrate by roller coater followed by IR heating and application of the laminating foil to the substrate ia a modified roller coater set up to apply the - In ⁇ appropriate ' laminating pressure.
  • Typical temperatures after IR heating are 80°C and typical operating speeds are 30 m/minute.
  • Ease of application of adhesives is PVA>EVA>U-F (higher laminating temperatures are required in the same order) .
  • offcuts of hardboard or particle board may be glued together in a continuous edge-to-edge assembly and the coated paper may be laminated to the surface, the opacity of the paper being sufficient to mask the underlying joints.
  • the "coated and cured" paper does not have the hardness or abrasion resistance of a high pressure melamine resin lamination sheet but performs very well in comparison with prior art paints in respect of scuff resistance, abrasion resistance and resistance to common household solvents and water.
  • laminated board made according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture in comparison with prior art laminates utilizing melamine sheets.
  • coated and cured paper as described herein is sufficiently flexible for handling in rolls, and thus is able to be laminated to a chip board substrate on a continuous basis and at comparatively low production costs.
  • Electron beam dose, dose rate and curing speed may be varied to an extent which can be determined by routine experiment. Dual cure systems in which EB curing is combined with UV, or with vapour catalyzed or isocyanate curing systems or the like may be employed.
  • the invention may be embodied in other forms and the coating compositions may be varied from those described to an extent which is determinable by routine experiment.
  • Modifiers such as gloss or matt additives, viscosity control agents, extenders, fillers and catalysts and the like may be added without departing from the invention herein disclosed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

On fabrique un panneau composite présentant une surface décorative ou protectrice en enduisant une feuille de support d'une compostion pigmentée vulcanisable par faisceau d'électrons, en vulcanisant la composition par exposition à un faisceau d'électrons, puis en collant au panneau la feuille de support enduite ainsi vulcanisée. La feuille de support est de préférence constituée d'un papier choisi pour sa grande opacité. La composition d'enduction comprend de préférence des oligomères d'acrylate et un ou plusieurs monomères d'acrylate ayant une viscosité de préférence suppérieure à 1000 cps à une température de 20°C et appliqués de façon à avoir pour effet des poids d'enduction inférieurs à 15 gsm. Une composition d'enduction et un papier enduit sont également revendiqués.
PCT/AU1988/000063 1987-03-09 1988-03-09 Panneau stratifie et composition vulcanisable par faisceau d'electrons utilisee dans la fabrication dudit panneau WO1988006973A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPI074587 1987-03-09
AUPI0745 1987-03-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988006973A1 true WO1988006973A1 (fr) 1988-09-22

Family

ID=3772058

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1988/000063 WO1988006973A1 (fr) 1987-03-09 1988-03-09 Panneau stratifie et composition vulcanisable par faisceau d'electrons utilisee dans la fabrication dudit panneau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0348423A4 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ223826A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988006973A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311288A2 (fr) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-12 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compositions de résine durcissables par ultraviolet
EP0462222A1 (fr) * 1989-03-07 1991-12-27 Dsm N.V. Compositions durcissables a radicaux libres
EP0624609A2 (fr) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-17 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Résines de polyester insaturé à faible émanation
EP0704285A3 (fr) * 1994-09-30 1997-01-29 Bipan Spa Procédé pour la fabrication de panneaux en bois à bords arrondis enduits et panneaux obtenus par ce procédé
WO1999012711A1 (fr) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Procede et dispositif pour produire des corps moules a partir de materiau broye
US10933608B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-03-02 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture
US11020948B2 (en) 2017-09-28 2021-06-01 Wilsonart Llc High pressure decorative laminate having a top layer of energy cured acrylated urethane polymer
US11077639B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-08-03 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture
US11504955B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2022-11-22 Wilsonart Llc Decorative laminate with matte finish and method of manufacture
US11745475B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2023-09-05 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2185167A (en) * 1967-05-17 1968-11-21 Ford Motor Company Of Canada Limited Radiation curable printing inks
CH560729A5 (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-04-15 Ciba Geigy Ag Hardening acrylic esters of alkoxy-melamines - by irradiation with ionising rays, giving weather-resistant, glossy coatings
AU6894574A (en) * 1973-05-15 1975-11-20 Ucb, Sa Compounds with multiple acrylic radicals, compositions containing them, and uses thereof
AU4466179A (en) * 1978-03-20 1979-09-27 Thiokol Corp. Liquid alkylacrylamides
US4364971A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-12-21 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Gmbh & Co. Waterproof photographic paper and method of producing same
EP0107608A1 (fr) * 1982-09-20 1984-05-02 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Polyuréthanes acrylés pigmentés durcissables par un rayon d'électrons
AU6303686A (en) * 1985-09-21 1987-03-26 Trespa International B.V. Decorative panel having improved surface properties

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684649A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-08-15 Weyerhaeuser Co Resin-impregnated tissue overlays
DE2438646C2 (de) * 1974-08-12 1986-05-15 Basf Farben + Fasern Ag, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zum Beschichten planer Flächen von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen mit flüssigen Überzugsmitteln
DE2801396A1 (de) * 1978-01-13 1979-07-19 Sued West Chemie Gmbh Duroplastharzbeladene traegermaterialien, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie deren verwendung
JPS5993772A (ja) * 1982-11-18 1984-05-30 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 電子線硬化型ラミネ−ト用着色接着剤
DE3418282A1 (de) * 1984-05-17 1985-11-21 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Dekorative platte mit verbesserten oberflaecheneigenschaften

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2185167A (en) * 1967-05-17 1968-11-21 Ford Motor Company Of Canada Limited Radiation curable printing inks
CH560729A5 (en) * 1972-02-14 1975-04-15 Ciba Geigy Ag Hardening acrylic esters of alkoxy-melamines - by irradiation with ionising rays, giving weather-resistant, glossy coatings
AU6894574A (en) * 1973-05-15 1975-11-20 Ucb, Sa Compounds with multiple acrylic radicals, compositions containing them, and uses thereof
AU4466179A (en) * 1978-03-20 1979-09-27 Thiokol Corp. Liquid alkylacrylamides
US4364971A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-12-21 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Gmbh & Co. Waterproof photographic paper and method of producing same
EP0107608A1 (fr) * 1982-09-20 1984-05-02 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Polyuréthanes acrylés pigmentés durcissables par un rayon d'électrons
AU6303686A (en) * 1985-09-21 1987-03-26 Trespa International B.V. Decorative panel having improved surface properties

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0348423A4 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311288A2 (fr) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-12 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compositions de résine durcissables par ultraviolet
EP0311288A3 (fr) * 1987-09-30 1992-01-08 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Compositions de résine durcissables par ultraviolet
EP0462222A1 (fr) * 1989-03-07 1991-12-27 Dsm N.V. Compositions durcissables a radicaux libres
EP0462222A4 (en) * 1989-03-07 1992-03-11 Desoto, Inc. Free-radical curable compositions
EP0624609A2 (fr) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-17 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Résines de polyester insaturé à faible émanation
EP0624609A3 (fr) * 1993-05-12 1995-01-04 Basf Ag Résines de polyester insaturé à faible émanation.
EP0704285A3 (fr) * 1994-09-30 1997-01-29 Bipan Spa Procédé pour la fabrication de panneaux en bois à bords arrondis enduits et panneaux obtenus par ce procédé
WO1999012711A1 (fr) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Procede et dispositif pour produire des corps moules a partir de materiau broye
US10933608B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-03-02 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture
US11077639B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-08-03 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture
US11504955B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2022-11-22 Wilsonart Llc Decorative laminate with matte finish and method of manufacture
US11745475B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2023-09-05 Wilsonart Llc Surfacing materials and method of manufacture
US11020948B2 (en) 2017-09-28 2021-06-01 Wilsonart Llc High pressure decorative laminate having a top layer of energy cured acrylated urethane polymer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NZ223826A (en) 1990-03-27
EP0348423A1 (fr) 1990-01-03
EP0348423A4 (fr) 1990-05-14

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