WO1988005808A1 - Hydraulic fluids - Google Patents

Hydraulic fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988005808A1
WO1988005808A1 PCT/FI1988/000011 FI8800011W WO8805808A1 WO 1988005808 A1 WO1988005808 A1 WO 1988005808A1 FI 8800011 W FI8800011 W FI 8800011W WO 8805808 A1 WO8805808 A1 WO 8805808A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
base composition
percent
hydraulic
oxidant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1988/000011
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gert Stenmark
Kari Jokinen
Heikki Kerkkonen
Eero LEPPÄMÄKI
Eino PIIRILÄ
Original Assignee
Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=21727264&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1988005808(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from US07/007,627 external-priority patent/US4783274A/en
Application filed by Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab filed Critical Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab
Priority to AT88901051T priority Critical patent/ATE83003T1/de
Priority to DE8888901051T priority patent/DE3876432T2/de
Publication of WO1988005808A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988005808A1/en
Priority to NO884237A priority patent/NO174060B/no
Priority to DK536188A priority patent/DK536188A/da

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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with hydraulic fluids based on oily triglycerides of fatty acids.
  • the hydraulic fluids commonly used are petroleum-based, chemically saturated or unsaturated, straight-chained, branched or ring-type hydrocarbons.
  • Hydrocarbons may constitute a cancer risk when in prolonged contact with the skin, as well as a risk of damage to the lungs when inhaled with the air.
  • oil allowed to escape into the environment causes spoiling of the soil and the ground water, even in small quantities. They are also toxic to the aquatic life in rivers, lakes, etc.
  • hydrocarbon oils as such have in fact a rather limited applicability for hydraulic purposes, wherefor the hydraulic fluids based on such oils contain a variety of additives in considerable amounts. Petroleum is also a non-renewable, and consequently limited, natural resource.
  • glycerol esters of fatty acids are glycerol esters of fatty acids, and the chemical structure of the said esters can be defined by means of the following formula:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of saturated and unsaturated straight-chained alkylr alkenyl, and alkadienyl chains of ordinarily 9 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the triglyceride may also, according to the teaching of the specification GB 2 134 923, contain a small quantity of an alkatrienylic acid residue, but a larger quantity is detrimental, because it promotes oxidation of the triglyceride oil.
  • Certain triglyceride oils, so-called drying oils contain considerable quantities of alkatrienyl and alkadienyl groups, and they form solid films, under the effect of the oxygen in the air.
  • Such oils the iodine number of which is usually higher than 130 and which are used i.a. as components of special coatings, cannot be considered for use in the hydraulic fluids.
  • any other oily triglyceride with an iodine number of at least 50 and no more than 128 is suitable for the purpose.
  • Particularly suitable are the triglycerides of the oleic acid-linoleic acid type which contain no more than 20 per cent by weight of esterified saturated fatty acids calculated on the quantity of esterified fatty acids.
  • These oils are liquids at 15 to 20°C, and their most important fatty acid residues are derived from the following unsaturated acids: oleic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, 9,12-octa-decadienoic acid.
  • the most preferred among these triglycerides of vegetable origin, under normal temperatures of use, are described to be those that contain esterified oleic acid in a quantity in excess of 50 per cent by weight of the total quantity of fatty acids (Table 1).
  • the triglyceride oils differ from the non-polar hydrocarbons completely in the respect that they are of a polar nature. This accounts for the superb ability of triglycerides to be adsorbed on metal faces as very thin adhering films.
  • Rape seed oil has been considered as an example of the monomeric triglyceride oils used in the hydraulic fluids in accordance with the specification GB 2 134 923, which rape seed oil is also obtained from the subspecies Brassica campestris and which oil, in its present-day commercial form, contains little or no erucic acid, 13-docosenoic acid.
  • applicable triglyceride oils differ from rape seed oil only in respect of the composition of the fatty acids esterified with glycerol, which difference comes out as different pour points and viscosities of the oils.
  • the viscosity index (VI) of triglycerides is superior.
  • the viscosity index of the triclyceride oils is apparently also more stable against mechanical and heat stresses existing in the hydraulic systems than the viscosity index of the hydraulic fluids based on formulated mineral oils and containing polymeric viscosity index improves.
  • the ability of the polar triglyceride molecule to adhere onto metallic surfaces improves the lubricating properties of these triglycerides.
  • the oxidation has many negative effects to the properties of a natural triglyceride based hydraulic fluid, wherefore the fluid has to be replaced by fresh fluid more frequently than fluids based on hydrocarbon oils.
  • the viscosity of the natural triglyceride hydraulic fluid is increased due to the oxidation.
  • the oxidation causes also foaming of the fluid, the filtration properties of the fluid are decreased, and the higher water solubility causes problems in the hydraulic system.
  • the oxidation products are also corrosive. In order to avoid these problems caused by oxidation the working temperature of the hydraulic system is to be kept lower than when hydrocarbon based oils are used.
  • the stability of the hydraulic fluids against oxidative degradation was tested.
  • the fluids were tested with an apparatus according to the test method ASTM D 525 by introducing into a pressure vessel 100 ml of the fluid to be tested. The vessel was closed and placed into boiling water. During the test the oxygen pressure in the vessel was determined.
  • Refined rape seed oil 100 98.97 97.95 96.85 96.5 97.0 98.5 98.0 99.0 95.0 97.0 96.0 95.5 95.8 0 0
  • the additives used were: Irgalube 349, amino phosphate derivative, Ciba-Geigy; Irganox L 130, mixture of tertiary-butyl phenol derivatives, Ciba-Geigy; Reomet 39, triazole derivative, Ciba-Geigy; Anqlamol 75, zinc dialkyldithio-phosphate, Lubrizol; EN 1235, kortacid T derivative, Akzo Chemie; Hitec 4735, mixture of tertiary-butyl phenol derivatives.
  • Ethyl Pertoleum Additives Ltd Irganox PS 800, dilauryl thio di propiona- te, Ciba-Geigy; Irganox L 180, triaryl phosphite, Ciba-Geigy; Irganox L 57, mixed alkyl diphenyl amine, Ciba-Geigy; Irganlube TPPT, triphenylphosphorothionate, Ciba-Geigy; Tinuvin 770, bis (2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, Ciba-Geigy; Vanlube AZ, zinc diamyldithiocarbamate, R.T. Vanderbilt; Additin 10, 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-mathylphenol, Rhein-Chemie.
  • compositions 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are clearly comparable with the common mineral-oil based hydraulic oils 15 and 16 used for comparison in this example.
  • the compositions 2 and 9 contain the anti-oxidant additives selected according to the invention, but the amounts used have not been sufficient. From the data in Table 5 it can be derived that a triglyceride complying with the definitions presented at the beginning of this description and containing a certain amount of carefully selected anti-oxidant additives can form a base for a fluid composition usable for hydraulic purposes.
  • the anti-oxidant fraction in the composition forms 2.0 to 4.5 percent by weight of the composition
  • the anti-oxidants are selected so that at least one compound is from the group (1) of hindered phenolics and aromatic amines, and the remaining compound (s) forming the balance in the composition, is from the group (2) of metal salts of dithioacids, phosphites and sulphides, or from the group (3) of amides, non-aromatic amines, hydrazides and triazols.
  • a Cameron Plint tester High Frequency Friction Machine TE. 77
  • the friction between a moving and a stationary element is determined at increasing temperatures.
  • the moving element a steel ball having a diameter of 6 mm
  • the stationary element consists of a steel plate.
  • the lubricant to be tested is spread on the plate, and it is exposed to the ambient air oxygen during the tests.
  • the ball was pressed towards the plate by a force of 40 N during its reciprocating movement having an amplitude of 5 mm and a frequency of 20 Hz.
  • the temperature at the beginning of each test was adjusted to 40 °C, whereafter it was increased by 2 °C per minute.
  • the temperature in which the friction began to increase sharply was registered, and it was used as an indication of the failure of the lubricative film between the ball and the plate.
  • the film failure temperature is a measure of the oxidation resistance of the oil.
  • a vegetable oil based hydraulic fluid was tested using as a reference a commercial mineral oil based hydraulic fluid.
  • two new identical hydraulic driven mining loaders were used.
  • the pressures in the hydraulic circuits varied from 0 to 165 bar and the hydraulic fluid temperature from 60 to 80°C. Hydraulic pressure was generated by gear pumps and the power was taken out by means of cylinder-piston devices.
  • Mv efficiency recorded
  • M ref efficiency at the beginning of the test
  • the efficiency tests were conducted using a fluid pressure of 165 bar, and a temperature of 65°C.
  • test results of Table 8 indicate that the efficiency of the system containing the vegetable oil based fluid decreased slower than that of the mineral oil based fluid.
  • hydraulic fluid according to the invention may also comprise other constituents such as:
  • Boundary lubrication additives such as metal dialkyl dithiophosphates; metal diaryl dithiophosphates; metal dialkyl dithiocarbamates; alkyl phosphates; phosphorized fats and olefins; sulphurized fats and fat derivatives; chlorinated fats and fat derivatives
  • Corrosion inhibitors such as metal sulfonates; acid phosphate esters; amines; alkyl succinic acids
  • - VI (Viscosity Index) improvers such as polymethacrylates; styrene butadiene copolymers; polyisobutylenes
  • Foam decomposers such as polysiloxanes; polyacrylates
  • Demulsifiers such as heavy metal soaps; Ca and Mg sulphonates
  • From the base composition according to the invention can be made hydraulic fluids for different purposes by adjusting its viscosity.
  • the following table 12 gives one example of adjusting possibilities.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
PCT/FI1988/000011 1987-01-28 1988-01-27 Hydraulic fluids WO1988005808A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88901051T ATE83003T1 (de) 1987-01-28 1988-01-27 Hydraulische fluessigkeiten.
DE8888901051T DE3876432T2 (de) 1987-01-28 1988-01-27 Hydraulische fluessigkeiten.
NO884237A NO174060B (no) 1987-01-28 1988-09-23 Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida, og hydraulisk fluidum fremstilt paa basis av blandingen
DK536188A DK536188A (da) 1987-01-28 1988-09-27 Hydrauliske vaesker

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US007,627 1987-01-28
US07/007,627 US4783274A (en) 1983-02-11 1987-01-28 Hydraulic fluids

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WO1988005808A1 true WO1988005808A1 (en) 1988-08-11

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EP (1) EP0349534B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE83003T1 (da)
AU (1) AU1227388A (da)
DE (1) DE3876432T2 (da)
DK (1) DK536188A (da)
NO (1) NO174060B (da)
WO (1) WO1988005808A1 (da)

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WO1993003123A1 (en) * 1991-08-09 1993-02-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Functional fluid with triglycerides, detergent-inhibitor additives and viscosity modifying additives
DE4202034A1 (de) * 1992-01-25 1993-07-29 Rwe Dea Ag Hydraulikfluessigkeiten
WO1993021418A1 (en) * 1992-04-22 1993-10-28 Sjoeholm Harri Use of pressurized medium in drilling
EP0586194A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Antioxidants in high monounsaturated vegetable oils
EP0594319A1 (en) * 1992-10-17 1994-04-27 Castrol Limited Lubricants
EP0594320A1 (en) * 1992-10-17 1994-04-27 Castrol Limited Industrial oils
US5358652A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-10-25 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Limited Inhibiting hydrolytic degradation of hydrolyzable oleaginous fluids
WO1995002659A1 (de) * 1993-07-15 1995-01-26 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Grundöl auf triglyceridbasis für hydrauliköle
EP0651044A2 (en) * 1993-10-15 1995-05-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing triglycerides and transesterified triglycerides
EP0721979A2 (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Stabilized lubricant compositions
US6156228A (en) * 1994-11-16 2000-12-05 Houghton International, Inc. Trialkoxyalkylphosphate-based fire resistant fluid containing triglyceride
EP1122298A2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Hydraulic oil composition with improved biodegradable properties
DE102004018732A1 (de) * 2004-04-17 2005-11-03 Gunnar Berle Ölabscheider
EP2228425A1 (de) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-15 Dako Ag Schmiermittel
DE102012222747A1 (de) 2012-12-11 2014-06-12 Gunnar Berle Kompressor und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben

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AU662595B2 (en) * 1991-08-09 1995-09-07 Lubrizol Corporation, The Functional fluid with triglycerides, detergent-inhibitor additives and viscosity modifying additives
WO1993003123A1 (en) * 1991-08-09 1993-02-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Functional fluid with triglycerides, detergent-inhibitor additives and viscosity modifying additives
DE4202034A1 (de) * 1992-01-25 1993-07-29 Rwe Dea Ag Hydraulikfluessigkeiten
WO1993015167A1 (de) * 1992-01-25 1993-08-05 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Für Mineralöl Und Chem Ie Hydraulikflüssigkeiten
US5474714A (en) * 1992-01-25 1995-12-12 Rwe-Dea Aktiengesellschaft Fur Mineraloel Und Chemie Non-polluting shock absorber and level controller fluids
WO1993021418A1 (en) * 1992-04-22 1993-10-28 Sjoeholm Harri Use of pressurized medium in drilling
AU664446B2 (en) * 1992-04-22 1995-11-16 Harri Sjoholm Use of pressurized medium in drilling
EP0586194A1 (en) * 1992-09-02 1994-03-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Antioxidants in high monounsaturated vegetable oils
EP0594320A1 (en) * 1992-10-17 1994-04-27 Castrol Limited Industrial oils
EP0594319A1 (en) * 1992-10-17 1994-04-27 Castrol Limited Lubricants
US5358652A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-10-25 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Limited Inhibiting hydrolytic degradation of hydrolyzable oleaginous fluids
US5618779A (en) * 1993-07-15 1997-04-08 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Triglyceride-based base oil for hydraulic oils
WO1995002659A1 (de) * 1993-07-15 1995-01-26 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Grundöl auf triglyceridbasis für hydrauliköle
EP0651044A3 (en) * 1993-10-15 1995-11-08 Lubrizol Corp Compositions containing triglycerides and transesterified triglycerides.
EP0651044A2 (en) * 1993-10-15 1995-05-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing triglycerides and transesterified triglycerides
US6156228A (en) * 1994-11-16 2000-12-05 Houghton International, Inc. Trialkoxyalkylphosphate-based fire resistant fluid containing triglyceride
US6521142B1 (en) 1994-11-16 2003-02-18 Houghton Technical Corp. Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid compositions
EP0721979A2 (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-07-17 Ciba-Geigy Ag Stabilized lubricant compositions
EP0721979A3 (en) * 1995-01-13 1997-04-16 Ciba Geigy Ag Stabilized lubricant compositions
EP1122298A2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-08-08 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Hydraulic oil composition with improved biodegradable properties
EP1122298A3 (en) * 2000-02-04 2002-05-02 Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation Hydraulic oil composition with improved biodegradable properties
DE102004018732A1 (de) * 2004-04-17 2005-11-03 Gunnar Berle Ölabscheider
EP2228425A1 (de) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-15 Dako Ag Schmiermittel
DE102012222747A1 (de) 2012-12-11 2014-06-12 Gunnar Berle Kompressor und Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben

Also Published As

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DK536188D0 (da) 1988-09-27
DE3876432D1 (de) 1993-01-14
DE3876432T2 (de) 1993-04-08
ATE83003T1 (de) 1992-12-15
EP0349534B1 (en) 1992-12-02
AU1227388A (en) 1988-08-24
NO884237L (no) 1988-09-23
NO174060B (no) 1993-11-29
EP0349534A1 (en) 1990-01-10
NO884237D0 (no) 1988-09-23
DK536188A (da) 1988-09-27

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