WO1988001553A1 - A nozzle for laser processing - Google Patents

A nozzle for laser processing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1988001553A1
WO1988001553A1 PCT/DK1987/000103 DK8700103W WO8801553A1 WO 1988001553 A1 WO1988001553 A1 WO 1988001553A1 DK 8700103 W DK8700103 W DK 8700103W WO 8801553 A1 WO8801553 A1 WO 8801553A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
laser beam
processing
centre
article
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1987/000103
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Steen Erik Nielsen
Original Assignee
Instituttet For Produktudvikling
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Instituttet For Produktudvikling filed Critical Instituttet For Produktudvikling
Priority to AT87905945T priority Critical patent/ATE75173T1/de
Priority to DE8787905945T priority patent/DE3778531D1/de
Publication of WO1988001553A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988001553A1/en
Priority to FI881795A priority patent/FI88886C/fi
Priority to NO881907A priority patent/NO168876C/no

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
    • B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle for laser processing, such as a cutting, said processing allowing a laser beam to be directed towards an article being processed, and whereby the laser beam is supported by a gas flow directed towards the article through the nozzle.
  • a coaxially positioned laser beam is used, i.e. a laser beam situated in the axis (E) through the centre point (C) of the nozzle.
  • the laser beam is situated on the location having the highest gas pressure/gas flow.
  • the symmetrical positioning of the laser beam in the nozzle provides a uniform cutting quality irrespective of the cutting direction.
  • a cut groove is obtained by a movement of the laser beam/nozzle relative to the material.
  • the purpose of the supporting cutting gas is substantially to remove melt and vapours from the cut groove. The ability of the process to remove the waste material depends on the flow conditions in the nozzle and in the cut groove.
  • the nozzle is able to maintain a displacement of the focusing point of the laser beam relative to a centre of gas pressure for the gas flow through the nozzle, whereby the laser beam is displaced forwards in the processing direction relative to the centre of gas pressure.
  • the laser beam meets the article first and melts this portion of the article, said portion subsequently being blown away by the gas flow.
  • the gas flow is efficiently utilized because it does not meet the article until the material to be removed has melted and is thereby removable by blowing.
  • the nozzle is preferably circular-cylindrical and able to maintain a predetermined excentric position of the laser beam in the nozzle.
  • a circular-cylindrical nozzle is also used, but this nozzle is mounted with the laser beam in the centre while an excentrically located outlet nozzle opening is provided for the gas flow.
  • the nozzle may be radially displaceable relative to the laser beam.
  • the nozzle may, however, be of other shapes than the circular- cylindrical.
  • the laser beam is preferably spaced a distance d. from the centre of gas pressure, wherey 0.01 D is smaller than the distance d in turn being smaller than D/2, D being the diameter of the nozzle.
  • the distance d corresponds preferably to 0.25 times the diameter of the nozzle.
  • An external control is preferably provided, said control controlling the nozzle and/or the laser beam in response to the desired direction of processing.
  • Such an external control is advantageously connectable to an existing control of cutting table and/or the laser head.
  • the nozzle maintains a predetermined position of the laser beam in the nozzle relative to the direction of processing in such a manner that the centre of gas pressure and the laser beam are substantially always situated on the tangent of the direction of processing.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view through the outer portion of a nozzle according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the movement of the nozzle of Fig. 1 during the alteration of a cutting direction
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a still further embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates further examples of various nozzle openings.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the principles of the nozzle according to the invention.
  • a laser beam A is focused through a nozzle opening.
  • the nozzle opening is preferably circularcylindrical but may have other shapes.
  • a gas such as oxygen or a mixture gas, is sent together with the laser beam A through the nozzle to remove the material being melted by the laser beam.
  • the centre of gas pressure i.e. the location having the highest dynamic gas pressure causing the highest flow velocity - is then situated in the centre of the nozzle at point C on the centre axis E.
  • the focal point, i.e. focus D, of the laser beam is displaced relative to the centre axis F at the distance d from po int C .
  • Fig. 2 shows a cut groove 22 in an article.
  • the arrow 24 indicates the cutting direction
  • the arrow 25 indicates a new cutting direction.
  • a nozzle 11 has been shown at four different positions.
  • the centre of gas pressure 30 is centrally located in the nozzle opening whereas the focal point 26 of the laser beam is displaced forwards in the cutting direction.
  • the nozzle is displaced in the cutting direction with the focal point of the laser beam in front in a rectilinear movement.
  • the rectilinear movement is stopped and the nozzle is rotated about the focal point of the laser beam, cf. the arrow 25 and the angle ⁇ .
  • the rectilinear movement is continued in the new cutting direction 24'.
  • the focal point 26 of the laser beam is now situated in front of the centre of gas pressure 30 in the new cutting direction.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment.
  • the laser beam 10 is positioned in such a manner that the axis 20 of the laser beam coincides with the axis of the substantially cylindrical nozzle.
  • the nozzle opening 32 is excentrically situated.
  • the nozzle of Fig. 3 can be used as illustrated in Fig. 2, said Figure illustrating the use of the nozzle of Fig. 1 with the exception that the focal point of the laser beam is centered in the nozzle and the nozzle opening. As a consequence the centre of gas pressure is displaced backwards relative to the cutting direction.
  • Fig. 4 shows a still further embodiment where the nozzle is a radially displaceable plate 34 comprising a nozzle opening 32.
  • the feeding of gas to such a plate can, of course, be established in many ways and has not been shown.
  • Fig. 5 i l lus tra te s an embodiment comprising a fixed nozzle 34 and a centrally located nozzle opening 32 as well as a laser beam 10.
  • the position of the focal point of this laser beam is determined by a movable lens system 36 or another type of movable optical instruments, such as a system of concave mirrors, optical units/plates or the like instruments.
  • the invention may, of course, be varied in many ways, and the varous embodiments outlined can be combined.
  • the nozzle and the nozzle opening need not necessarily be circular-cylindrical either but may as indicated in Fig. 6 have different shapes.
  • the nozzle may be cylindrical.
  • Such a cylindrical nozzle may be circular- cylIndrical of a cross section as outlined in Fig. 6d or ellipticcylindrical of a cross section as outlined in Fig. 6e or of another advantageous shape like the one outlined in Fig. 6f.
  • alternative embodiments of the nozzle may, however, also be considered, such as a conical nozzle, cf. Fig. 6b., or a double- frustoconical nozzle, cf. Fig.
  • the nozzle is shaped in such a manner that a well-defined centre of gas pressure is provided in the cutting plane and a laser beam is allowed to pass through the nozzle with a well-defined focal point also in the cutting plane, and furthermore in such a manner that a well-defined distance exists between the centre of gas pressure and the focal point.
  • the nozzle must be mounted in such a manner that the focal point of the laser beam is always in front of the centre of gas pressure in the cutting direction.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
PCT/DK1987/000103 1986-09-01 1987-08-21 A nozzle for laser processing WO1988001553A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87905945T ATE75173T1 (de) 1986-09-01 1987-08-21 Duese fuer laserbehandlung.
DE8787905945T DE3778531D1 (de) 1986-09-01 1987-08-21 Duese fuer laserbehandlung.
FI881795A FI88886C (fi) 1986-09-01 1988-04-18 Munstycke foer laserbehandling
NO881907A NO168876C (no) 1986-09-01 1988-04-29 Dyse for laserbehandling

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK4161/86 1986-09-01
DK416186A DK160136C (da) 1986-09-01 1986-09-01 Dyse til laserbearbejdning

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988001553A1 true WO1988001553A1 (en) 1988-03-10

Family

ID=8130849

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1987/000103 WO1988001553A1 (en) 1986-09-01 1987-08-21 A nozzle for laser processing

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4871897A (de)
EP (1) EP0280712B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01500650A (de)
AU (1) AU7919987A (de)
DE (1) DE3778531D1 (de)
DK (1) DK160136C (de)
FI (1) FI88886C (de)
WO (1) WO1988001553A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992005931A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-16 Beloit Corporation Water jet slitter with laser finish and method
DE4123716A1 (de) * 1991-07-17 1993-01-21 Thyssen Stahl Ag Vorrichtung zum hochgeschwindigkeitsschneiden duenner bleche mittels laserstrahlung
DE4226620A1 (de) * 1992-08-12 1994-02-17 Thyssen Stahl Ag Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschneiden von band- oder plattenförmigen Werkstücken, insbesondere von Elektroblech
FR2744936A1 (fr) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-22 Doryokuro Kakunenryo Procede de decontamination a laser
FR2826892A1 (fr) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-10 Air Liquide Procede et installation de soudage laser avec melange gazeux ar/he a teneurs controlees en fonction de la puissance laser
EP1371446A1 (de) 2002-06-14 2003-12-17 L'Air Liquide S. A. à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Gebrauch von Helium/Stickstoff-Gasgemischen beim Schweissen von gestumpften Flanken
US6667459B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-12-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Configurable nozzle baffle apparatus and method
US6831248B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2004-12-14 L'air Liquide, S.A. Use of helium/nitrogen gas mixtures for the laser welding of stainless steel pipes
US7385158B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2008-06-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and installation for laser welding with a N2/He gas mixture, the N2/He content being controlled according to the laser power

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5168143A (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-12-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for laser cutting metal plates
US5120926A (en) * 1990-11-26 1992-06-09 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for high speed laser cutting
JPH06285662A (ja) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-11 Fanuc Ltd レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法
JP4162772B2 (ja) * 1998-09-09 2008-10-08 日酸Ｔａｎａｋａ株式会社 レーザピアシング方法およびレーザ切断装置
US6376797B1 (en) 2000-07-26 2002-04-23 Ase Americas, Inc. Laser cutting of semiconductor materials
US6870128B2 (en) 2002-06-10 2005-03-22 Japan Drilling Co., Ltd. Laser boring method and system
FR2840834B1 (fr) * 2002-06-14 2004-12-03 Air Liquide Utilisation de melanges gazeux helium/azote en soudage laser jusqu'a 12 kw
EP1632305A1 (de) * 2004-09-04 2006-03-08 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH + Co. KG Verfahren zur Ermittlung und Verfahren zur Einstellung der gegenseitigen Lage der Achse eines Laserbearbeitungsstrahls und der Achse eines Prozessgasstrahls an einer Laserbearbeitungsmaschine sowie Laserbearbeitungsmaschine mit Einrichtungen zur Umsetzung der Verfahren
DE102007042493B3 (de) * 2007-09-03 2008-11-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschneiden von Werkstücken
CN101497493B (zh) * 2008-02-01 2012-12-26 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 激光切割装置
CN101497150B (zh) * 2008-02-01 2012-10-10 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 激光切割装置
DE102010029385A1 (de) * 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserinduzierte Fremdzündung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
CN104475402B (zh) * 2014-11-29 2016-12-07 宁波江东思犒技术服务有限公司 用于磁钢的双面激光清洗装置
TWI599431B (zh) 2015-11-03 2017-09-21 財團法人工業技術研究院 雷射加工裝置及雷射排屑裝置
JP7028820B6 (ja) * 2019-03-18 2023-12-19 ファナック株式会社 ワークを切断するレーザ加工方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1690637B2 (de) * 1967-03-16 1975-11-20 National Research Development Corp. London Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes mittels eines auf dieses gerichteten Laserstrahles
DE3008176C2 (de) * 1979-03-07 1986-02-20 Crosfield Electronics Ltd., London Gravieren von Druckzylindern

Family Cites Families (5)

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JPS6011186B2 (ja) * 1977-03-16 1985-03-23 英夫 横木 プレキヤストコンクリ−トブロックスラブ工法
JPS5674387A (en) * 1979-11-22 1981-06-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Cutting method
JPS58103992A (ja) * 1981-12-17 1983-06-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd レ−ザ加工機用外部光学装置
JPS58103993A (ja) * 1981-12-17 1983-06-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd レ−ザ加工機用外部光学装置
US4461947A (en) * 1982-08-24 1984-07-24 Allied Corporation Rotating laser beam with coincident gas jet

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1690637B2 (de) * 1967-03-16 1975-11-20 National Research Development Corp. London Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstückes mittels eines auf dieses gerichteten Laserstrahles
DE3008176C2 (de) * 1979-03-07 1986-02-20 Crosfield Electronics Ltd., London Gravieren von Druckzylindern

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACT OF JAPAN, Abstract of JP 55-70492 (KAWASAKI...) 27 May 1980. *
PATENT ABSTRACT OF JAPAN, Abstract of JP 58-103 993 (MATSUSHITA...) 21 June 1983. *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1992005931A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-16 Beloit Corporation Water jet slitter with laser finish and method
DE4123716A1 (de) * 1991-07-17 1993-01-21 Thyssen Stahl Ag Vorrichtung zum hochgeschwindigkeitsschneiden duenner bleche mittels laserstrahlung
DE4226620A1 (de) * 1992-08-12 1994-02-17 Thyssen Stahl Ag Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschneiden von band- oder plattenförmigen Werkstücken, insbesondere von Elektroblech
WO1994004306A1 (de) * 1992-08-12 1994-03-03 Thyssen Stahl Ag Verfahren zum laserstrahlschneiden von band- oder plattenförmigen werkstücken, insbesondere von elektroblech
FR2744936A1 (fr) * 1996-02-15 1997-08-22 Doryokuro Kakunenryo Procede de decontamination a laser
US6056827A (en) * 1996-02-15 2000-05-02 Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Laser decontamination method
US6667459B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-12-23 Hypertherm, Inc. Configurable nozzle baffle apparatus and method
FR2826892A1 (fr) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-10 Air Liquide Procede et installation de soudage laser avec melange gazeux ar/he a teneurs controlees en fonction de la puissance laser
WO2003004213A1 (fr) 2001-07-03 2003-01-16 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et installation de soudage laser avec melange gazeux ar/he a teneurs controlees en fonction de la puissance laser
US7385158B2 (en) 2002-01-11 2008-06-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and installation for laser welding with a N2/He gas mixture, the N2/He content being controlled according to the laser power
EP1371446A1 (de) 2002-06-14 2003-12-17 L'Air Liquide S. A. à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Gebrauch von Helium/Stickstoff-Gasgemischen beim Schweissen von gestumpften Flanken
US6831248B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2004-12-14 L'air Liquide, S.A. Use of helium/nitrogen gas mixtures for the laser welding of stainless steel pipes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK416186A (da) 1988-03-02
FI88886B (fi) 1993-04-15
DK416186D0 (da) 1986-09-01
DE3778531D1 (de) 1992-05-27
EP0280712B1 (de) 1992-04-22
US4871897A (en) 1989-10-03
AU7919987A (en) 1988-03-24
DK160136B (da) 1991-02-04
JPH01500650A (ja) 1989-03-09
FI881795A (fi) 1988-04-18
DK160136C (da) 1991-07-08
FI881795A0 (fi) 1988-04-18
EP0280712A1 (de) 1988-09-07
FI88886C (fi) 1993-07-26

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