Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
  • F01B3/0079—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having pistons with rotary and reciprocating motion, i.e. spinning pistons
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
  • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
  • F01B3/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
  • F01B3/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal
  • F01B3/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal the helices being arranged on the pistons
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/26—Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
  • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
  • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
  • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
  • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
  • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

• valves become superfluous, not only with 2-stroke but also with 4-stroke engines and pumps and compressors.
• the lifting movement can also be converted electrically instead of mechanically and directly generate electrical energy (or vice versa).
• the lifting movement can also be converted electrically instead of mechanically and directly generate electrical energy (or vice versa).
• additional inner work spaces another four work spaces are added to the same machine.
• the "rotary piston machine” is a reciprocating piston machine or a free piston machine, with additional rotary movement of the piston. If the stroke is mechanically limited, it is a reciprocating piston machine, otherwise (for example, for electrical generation of the piston movement according to claim 4) it is by definition a free-piston machine. However, since the typical main feature of the machine is the rotary stroke movement of the piston, the name "rotary piston machine” is chosen. The course of the description is arranged according to the order of the claims. The numbers at the beginning of the following sections refer to the corresponding claims. Dependent claims that relate specifically to only one claim are dealt with in context.
• the task was therefore a piston machine with direct control of openings in the cylinder wall by the piston. (Often called "slot control").
• the solution should be suitable for all known working methods and applications, that is also for machines which compress the working medium in the cylinder. This requirement requires that the working space at the top dead center of the stroke can be reduced to an arbitrarily small final volume.
• the rotary reciprocating machine according to claim 1 fulfills this task.
• the piston rotation plays an important role here: the piston surface facing the working space is designed as geometrically defined in claim 1.
• Figure 5 shows illustrative examples.
• the working space is delimited by two end faces: on the one side by the piston, which makes a rotating or rotating stroke movement, on the other side by a non-rotating end face.
• This can be a non-rotating piston or the cylinder head.
• these surfaces must also fit into one another as described above. So that these two end faces do not collide with each other at the top dead center, the following measures are taken:
• piston rod can be rotatably connected (axial bearing) to the crosshead and the piston rod and piston can be rotated from the outside, or the piston can be rotated by a built-in auxiliary drive (electric motor etc.) etc. etc.
• Figure 2 shows a schematic example of this .
• the rotary movement can be matched to the stroke movement as desired. (See also claims 9, 10, 18, 19).
• the rotary movement of the piston preferably takes place as a continuous rotation, because of the inertia. However, a rotational movement is back with periodically and her grillnder 'Dreh ⁇ directional sense which very large openings allowed. Lubrication: See point 26.
• Task A piston machine with slot control by the piston, which works with low friction even with high pressure of the working medium. It should be simple and suitable for all applications which do not require a small final volume.
• the piston face is shaped in such a way that the openings in the cylinder wall are controlled not only by the stroke movement, but above all also by the rotary movement of the rotary piston.
• Possibilities of pre-compression (charging) in the rotary piston machine a) by means of a turbo or compressor b) with a mechanical pre-compressor integrated in the rotary piston machine.
• the pre-compressor is fully integrated in the rotary piston machine.
• the rotary reciprocating machine does not get bigger as a result.
• the gas cushion in the pre-compressor improves the smooth running of the machine under certain conditions.
• Claim 8 is the integration of the inner piston machine (integrated precompressor) into a rotary reciprocating piston machine with control of the gas exchange according to claim 1 or 2.
• the cylinder is filled with pure air. Shortly before ignition, a "cloud" of rich, easily ignitable gasoline-air mixture is blown against the spark plug. The inclined reader knows what this means:
• the precompressor additionally compresses a small part of the air to the higher injection pressure. (Combination of 1) 3) and 16)).
• the shape of the piston face of the pre-compressor piston can be selected. Very high compressions can be achieved.
• the integrated pre-compressor mainly consists of the rotating pre-compressor piston (item 31).
• Inlet a) Inflow through the lateral surface according to the same principle as for the outlet. b) Inflow through the hollow shaft and the pre-compression piston. Advantage: cooling the shaft.
• a shaft is first set in rotation with an electric motor.
• This wave rotation drives e.g. a pump.
• the shaft rotation must be mechanical, e.g. can be converted into a lifting movement by means of a crank mechanism. This moves the piston.
• the rotary reciprocating machine with motion generation according to claim 4 or 9 all this happens with only one machine, an "electric rotary reciprocating pump". Examples of use:
• a pump with slot control of the inlets and outlets with the rotary reciprocating piston (for example according to claim 2) can be built with only one moving part: the rotary reciprocating piston! I.
• the rotary reciprocating machine works, for example, as an internal combustion engine.
• the lifting forces on the pistons generate electrical energy.
• the rotary motion is superimposed on the piston by the magnetic forces. Control of the gas exchange according to claim 1 or 2 is thus also possible.
• the anchor is specially shaped, see examples 20 and
• the armature is provided with fixed magnetic poles. - 10 -
• the armature either contains windings, is provided with permanent magnets or is permanently magnetized.
• the anchor can be agnetized, it is not permanent magnetic. That means it consists of a material with low magnetic remanence. Function: a) Anchor with fixed magnetic poles:
• the rotary movement can be generated in exactly the same way as with conventional electric motors (this also applies analogously to electrical generators). All known types with direct current, alternating current, three-phase current, single-pole, multi-pole or types as stepper motors, etc. can be used.
• the stator guides the adjacent surface of the armature at one or more points by magnetic forces. See example in Figure 17: The top of the stator is where it guides the outer surface of the armature. At the bottom, the field of the stator is much wider axially. The axial movement of the outer surface of the armature is permitted there.
• the possible axial force on the armature can be increased as follows: The stator acts not only with axial forces on the outer surface of the armature where it guides the armature. It also supports the relative axial movement of the armature outer surface to the stator at other points by driving forces.
• the distance between armature and stator becomes Eg electronically controlled and kept constant by varying the magnetic forces.
• this device also serves as a magnetic, practically frictionless magnet.
• machines can also be realized which no longer have actual, stationary guide poles on the stator, but only moving, driving fields which guide the armature around in the correct position.
• the stroke length and the form of movement can be varied by detaching the anchor from a guide point or by changing guide points. (This also applies to variant a with coils in the armature).
• the stroke length of the piston By adjusting the stroke length of the piston, the delivery rate can be adjusted for pumps, for example. (See also claim 20).
• the operation of the electric rotary reciprocating piston machine in the most common designs with the different types of current can be found in claim 9.
• the stator on the outside has the described functions and features of the armature.
• the armature has the descriptive functions and features of the stator. This can be imagined as follows: If you exchange the words "stator” and “anchor” with each other, you get an analog but different design.
• the outer surface of the armature is then to be understood analogously as the inner surface of the stator.
• the external stator has the oblique or curved shape as described above for the armature.
• the anchor guides and drives with its magnet. graze the stator, so that the stator makes a rotary-stroke movement relative to the armature, etc. In most cases, this is the less favorable design: Most of the time the external stator is stationary relative to the surroundings. This makes it easier to supply power to the stator than to the rotating armature. - And this is a big advantage of this system with an anchor without coils.
• the swashplate-like shaft ( Figure 1, item 35 or Figure 6, item 37) is or is firmly connected to the piston a component of the piston. When the piston rotates, this shaft makes a wobbling motion. After half a turn, the position changes as shown in Figure 1 on the left to a position as shown on the right. These two positions form the two extreme stroke positions (stroke movement dead centers).
• the transmission element (38) transmits the forces from the piston to the cylinder.
• a swashplate-like shaft and transmission element result in a torque from the lifting force or vice versa. So that the piston, the swashplate-like shaft and the guide element are not hindered in their movements, the connection between the transmission element and the cylinder is articulated. The exact geometric requirements are described in claim 5.
• the examples in pictures 1 and 6 show three examples of many possibilities.
• the swashplate-like shaft is molded into the piston.
• the joint is designed as a ball joint.
• Figures 6 a and b differ only in the different types of compensation for the longitudinal displacement of the articulation point. In the positions shown, the pivot point is closest to the cylinder axis. After a quarter turn, the pivot point has moved a little away from the cylinder axis.
• the cylinder part surrounding the hollow shaft and the hollow shaft are designed as an electric motor or an electric generator. (Claim 12)
• the rotation of the hollow shaft can be transmitted directly to the outside by, for example, the hollow shaft carrying a ring gear which is in engagement with another gear or a gear. - 16 -
• a spatial cam track is responsible for the piston movement (Fig. 9..11, item 3), e.g. in the form of a cam or a circumferential groove, which is supported on guides (4), such as rollers or sliders.
• the spatial cam track (item 3) is normally directly connected to the piston (2) and reproduces the stroke kinematics "program" stored in its cam shape with every turn.
• the reverse arrangement is also conceivable, namely the guides on the piston and the cam track attached to the cylinder.
• Claim 13 solves the following problem: Figure 13 clearly shows that the cam tapered and thickened again. This is due to a fixed attachment of the guide rollers. With a rocker (Fig. 12) the thickness of the cam remains constant over the entire circumference.
• the internal cylinder pressure is now significantly higher when sucking in the charged air than when exhausting. Therefore, the four-stroke engine generates a noticeable additional power even during the gas change.
• the two-stroke engine achieves an extremely fast and effective gas exchange1.
• the first outlet goes to a high pressure stage of the turbocharger, the second to a medium pressure stage, etc.
• the first outlet is designed in such a way that the exhaust gas flows out at the speed of sound at full load and relatively low speed during the opening time of the first outlet. Now we increase the speed: The absolute duration of the opening time of the first outlet is reduced - 20 -
• the designer can determine the performance characteristics of the turbocharged engine. There is no need to control or regulate the turbo (blow off, etc.).
• the same principle namely the "sorting" of the working medium according to its content of internal energy, can also be applied to
• a compressor can supply different "consumers” with differently compressed gas. Function and examples were explained in connection with the integrated pre-compressor. (See description of 3 and 8). The system also works for the supply of different hydraulic systems with different pressures. c) Example gasoline engine: To be able to reduce the cylinder charge and thereby the power (partial load), one uses today
• Throttle valves in the intake duct The negative pressure created by the throttling during suction results in efficiency losses.
• the sucked-in medium is let out again through slots which can be closed with throttle valves. In fact, this shortens the effective stroke, i.e. varies the effective displacement.
• This principle can also be used to vary the delivery rate of pumps and compressors. D) Since you can open and close any slots in the cylinder wall very quickly with the rotary piston, you can: - Blowing in of pre-compressed additional air during compression (see description for 3 and 8, integrated pre-compressor)
• Enhancing the rotation of the medium supports the flow processes when changing charges. Further application examples: a) In the case of the internal combustion engine, the rapid spread of combustion and the willingness to ignite, especially in the case of lean mixtures, are significantly increased if the working medium is vigorously swirled. See picture 14.
• the classic crank mechanism in the reciprocating piston machine drives the piston in a temporally sinusoidal stroke movement with superimposed harmonics.
• the piston thus remains somewhat longer in the area of bottom dead center than in the area of top dead center. In many applications, the piston motion would be different, i.e. another lifting kinematics, desirable.
• the stroke kinematics of the rotary reciprocating machine according to claims 4, 9, 7 and 13 can be chosen completely freely and matched to the intended use. In the other claims relating to the generation of the piston movement, the lifting kinematics can also be selected within a certain range. Claim 18 mentions the geometrical variables with which the lifting kinematics of these systems are influenced. Application examples are also listed.
• the change in the synchronization between piston rotation and the lifting movement can have the following purposes, for example:
• Stroke adjustment Devices for adjusting the stroke length are normally used to change the delivery volume of a pump or the swallowing volume of a (hydraulic) motor, for example in the case of hydrostatic transmissions. - 23 -
• the shaft is easily sealed e.g. with rod seals (analogous to the piston rings on the reciprocating piston engine, but with an inner seal!).
• this torque transmission can be designed in such a way that the stroke movement also runs with little friction.
• Such a construction would, for example, be designed similarly to the constant velocity universal joints that are known from car front wheel drive. This construction also compensates for misalignments. - 24 -
• Diaphragms or bellows can also transmit the torque with their torsional stiffness (and strength). They take up the stroke movement with their high elasticity in the axial direction.
• the entire power can be transmitted (for example, positively via gears), or auxiliary units can be driven in this way.
• the conversion of the piston movement by one of the only rotating parts into electrical energy also makes sense, e.g. by fixing the armature of a conventional electric motor or generator directly to the rotating part.
• the rotary movement can in any case be transmitted directly to the outside via the outer surface of the rotary piston and converted into electrical energy (or vice versa).
• the piston shape and stroke length must be coordinated so that the pistons remain in engagement with each other at every stroke position.
• the force can be transmitted indirectly via rolling elements instead of directly via sliding surfaces - 25 -
• the rotation of the piston on the cylinder wall can be used to achieve a hydrodynamic lubrication state (floating on the lubrication film).
• Mixed friction normally occurs in the conventional reciprocating piston engine.
• This increases the ability to absorb any lateral forces that may be present.
• the conventional crank mechanism generates a lateral force on the piston, which changes in amount and direction with the crankshaft rotation (cause of the piston tipping). With the rotary reciprocating machine, it depends on the design whether lateral forces occur at all:
• a scraper ring is installed in the cylinder.
• Figure 1 Schematic drawing of the legend of a 2-stroke rotary piston 1-cylinder engine with four working spaces, la, b, c cylinder parts. Charge change according to claim 1, 2 rotary pistons (makes generation of the piston movement after rotary stroke movement) 5. (See also Fig. 13) 3 cam track
• Figure 2 Illustration of the control 5 pistons, only rotating the gas exchange with the pistons. 6 piston rings The piston movement is generated with a 7 working space conventional cross-head crank 7 ditto, maximum volume drive. In addition, 7b ditto, final volume or a rotary movement is superimposed. Final compression volume
• Fig. 3 Scheme of the charge change 9 outlet channel for a pump. At the same time, a stroke cycle takes place. 11 Outlet flow Every half stroke length is drawn. 12 spark plugs
• Fig. 4 Scheme of the 4 cycles of a 14 continuous, central combustion engine (2 lifting cycles). wave
• Fig. 5 Piston shape - examples: 16 rocker a, b: asymmetrical piston, 17 rocker bearing c, d, e: "shear-free" piston 18 membrane (for torque (here point-symmetrical) transmission)
• Fig. 6 Mechanical conversion 19 bellows (for torque ⁇ the stroke in a rotary motion after transmission) claim 5. Compare also Figure 1. 20 anchors a and b show as examples two 21 stator different types ofJnaus ⁇ 22 drive to generate the same. the piston rotation
• Figure 9 Mechanical conversion 27 connecting rod of the stroke into a rotary motion 28 crankshaft according to claim 7.
• Fig. 11 like Fig. 9, but with compressed medium curve path as a circumferential groove. from the rotary piston.
• Fig. 13 Schematic example of a swashplate-type 35 swash-plate rotary piston shaft, disk-shaped engine with four working spaces, sunk in the piston. shown swashplate-like different by half a shaft rotation 36. Shaft, movement conversion in piston reduced according to An ⁇ . saying 7. See also Figure 1. 37 geometric center axis of the tau elschei-
• Figure 14 Example of a combustion chamber-like shaft design for a diesel transmission element with generation of a 39 articulation point between turbulence in the toroidal vortex chamber (43). ment and the cylinder above: cuts through both 40 hollow shaft pistons at the top dead center of the stroke. 41 geometric middle - bottom: view of the front axis of the hollow shaft side of the lower piston. (intersects the cylinder axis)
• Fig. 15 Torque transmission 42 Joint point between the central shaft and the piston, the piston and the one with diaphragm (a), with bellows (b). Hollow shaft - 28 -
• Figure 16 Integrated precompression 43 toroidal vortex according to claim 3, 8, 14 and 16 space with an inner, rotating piston in the 44 magnetic pole, which guides the rotary piston, schematic anchor example. 45 magnetic pole, which drives the armature
• Figure 18 Generation of the rotary stroke movement according to claim 4 and 9.
• the auxiliary winding (46) is only used to start the machine.
• Image 19 as image, but as a difference with two additional places where driver poles (45) are arranged.
• the driver poles are shifted in time from one another (out of phase). Auxiliary windings for the start are not necessary.
• Figure 20 Generation of the rotary stroke movement according to claim 4 and 9.
• the armature is not permanently magnetic, but can be magnetized. Two lifting cycles per revolution. Two guide poles (44) and two locations on the stator where the stator drives the armature (45).
• Picture 21 like picture 20, but with 4 places that drive the anchor.
• Figure 22 Shape of the anchor of Figures 20 and 21. Note the analogy to the shape of the cam track according to claim 7, Figure 2 b.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
• Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
• Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
• Compressor (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Massaging Devices (AREA)
• Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
• Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
• Transmission Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=4207589

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1987
  • 1987-04-03 GB GB8728277A patent/GB2198788B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 EP EP90100552A patent/EP0369990B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 DE DE90100552T patent/DE3788357D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1987-04-03 WO PCT/CH1987/000038 patent/WO1987005964A1/de unknown
  • 1987-04-03 AU AU72093/87A patent/AU7209387A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1987-04-03 KR KR1019870701143A patent/KR960000436B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-04-03 KR KR1019950703974A patent/KR960000435B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-04-03 EP EP90100553A patent/EP0369991B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 ES ES198787810206T patent/ES2026942T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 ES ES90100553T patent/ES2048328T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 DE DE8787810206T patent/DE3773724D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 AT AT87810206T patent/ATE68556T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1987-04-03 EP EP87810206A patent/EP0240467B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 JP JP62502150A patent/JPH0794801B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 ES ES90100552T patent/ES2048327T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-04-03 DE DE90100553T patent/DE3788358D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1989
  • 1989-12-19 GB GB8928577A patent/GB2226710B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-12-19 GB GB8928578A patent/GB2226612B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1990
  • 1990-01-12 AT AT90100552T patent/ATE97991T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-01-12 AT AT90100553T patent/ATE97992T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-05-11 CA CA000615728A patent/CA1308155C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events