CA1308155C - Rotating-reciprocating engine/machine - Google Patents
Rotating-reciprocating engine/machineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1308155C CA1308155C CA000615728A CA615728A CA1308155C CA 1308155 C CA1308155 C CA 1308155C CA 000615728 A CA000615728 A CA 000615728A CA 615728 A CA615728 A CA 615728A CA 1308155 C CA1308155 C CA 1308155C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- piston
- stator
- cylinder
- rotatable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0079—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having pistons with rotary and reciprocating motion, i.e. spinning pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces
- F01B3/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal
- F01B3/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis the piston motion being transmitted by curved surfaces by multi-turn helical surfaces and automatic reversal the helices being arranged on the pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/26—Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Abstract
ROTATING-RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINE/MACHINE
Abstract This invention concerns electro-magnetical devices for creating a rotating and at the same time reciprocating piston motion for use in piston machines or piston engines.
Thus, the piston motion can be produced by electrical energy or electrical energy is produced by the motion of the piston. The device according to invention arranges both the rotating and the reciprocating motion of the piston.
Abstract This invention concerns electro-magnetical devices for creating a rotating and at the same time reciprocating piston motion for use in piston machines or piston engines.
Thus, the piston motion can be produced by electrical energy or electrical energy is produced by the motion of the piston. The device according to invention arranges both the rotating and the reciprocating motion of the piston.
Description
ROTATING AND RECIPROCATING PISTON MACHINE
TECHNIC~L FIELD
The teehnical field of the invention is piston engines and piston machines with pistons which simultaneously undergo rotation during reciprocation within the cylinder of the machine, and in which electromagnetic forees are involved in the production of the piston motion.
The "classic" well known reciprocating piston engine has pistons which execute only a reciprocating motion. The piston motion is in this case mostly produced by a erankshaft and a eonnecting rod.
For the conversion of the power, an electric motor or eleetric generator is commonly conneeted with the crankshaft.
The reeiproeating and at the same time rotating motion of a piston ha~ mAny advantages. For example, the friction of a rotating piston is lower, the rotational movements of the pi~ton can improve the control o engine working ~luld ports.
Beeause of this typieal motion of the piston, this kind of machine will be ealled "rotating-reciprocating piston machine". The term "rotating-reciprocating piston maehine"
is intended not only to embraee maehines but al~o engines.
The present Applieation is ~ Divisional Applieation of the Applie~nt's eo-pending Applieation No 546,858 and is eoneerned with rotating-reeLproeating piston machines - 2 - ~
,2~.S~b ~
'~^
' ;'~
~: ;
,' ' ~08~55 involving electrically operating devices for the arrangement/control of the motion of the piston and discloses the invention claimed in said co-pending Application.
DESCRI~TION OF THE PRIOR ART
Kenneth R. Maltby describes in his United States Patent No.
2,352,396 a rotating-reciprocating piston machine. In the Maltby machine the piston motion uses a cam-like curved path which is rotating relative to guiding elements whilst at the same time executing a reciprocating motion. Maltby also describes combinations of mechanical devices with electromagnetic devices. According to Figure 12 of K.R.
Maltby's patent, the reciprocating stroke motion is controlled/arranged electrically, but the rotating motion is added mechanically by a curved path i.e., cam surface.
According to Maltby's Figures 13 and 14, an electric motor or ; generator effects only the rotational motion of the piston, the reciprocating motion is efected by a mechanical device, such as a cam-like curved path and guide elements. In other words these electrical devices produce either axial force ~ 20 components for the stroke motion or tangential force ; components ~or the rotational motion.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome this deficiency.
STATEMENTS OF INVENTION
Broadly, according to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine comprising a cylinder, a rotor~a ~ and at least one piston for executing movement involving combined axial displacement and rotation with respect to the axis of the ~ - 3 -, `, cylinder, the rotor being connected to the piston and the stator being connected to the cylinder, the rotor and stator together electromagnetically producing said movement wherein the form of the rotor or stator is arranged to provide at least one continuous magnetic flux path which totally circumscribes the piston axis, and wherein the effective magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the - axis of the cylinder or includes regions inclined to said plane, the arrangement being such that the force produced between the stator and rotor has axial and tangential components, and wherein there is provided on the stator or rotor one or more locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field which causes ; said continuous flux path to be attracted towards such location(s), whereby the rotor is caused to execute reciprocating and rotating motion with respect to the stator.
: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
c For a better understanding of the invention and to show how to carry the same into effect reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
,, -Figure 1 i5 a longitudinal section illustrating a rotating-reciprocating piston machine with a ~irst electromagnetic arrangement for producing the combined rotational and reciprocatory motion o~ the piston;
Figure 2a is a longitudinal section o~ a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a second embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Figure 2b is a section on the line A-A o~ Figure 2a;
- i Figure 3a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a third embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
.:
Figure 3b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 3a; -Figure 4a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a fourth embodiment of an electromagnetic ~: arrangement exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Figure 4b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 4a;
: ~ .
- Figure 5a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a fifth embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Pigure 5b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 5a; and : Figure 6 illustrates in perspective view an embodiment of a , rotor.
KEY TO THE FIGURES
'~, 1 cylinder ~Pigures 1-5) 2 piston which executes a rotating reciprocating motion piston-like member which only rotates (Figure 1) 7 working chamber (Figure 1) .
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1308~55 -~ 8 fluid inlet port with inlet channel (Figure 1) 9 fluid outlet port with outlet channel (Figure 1) 14 central shaft (Figure 1) 20 rotor 21 stator 29 valve (Figure 1) 44 magnetic pole which guides the rotor (Figures 2a-5b) 45 magnetic pole which drives the rotor (Figures 2a-5b) 46 auxiliary winding for the start-up of the engine Roferring now to the trawings and more particularly to Flgure 1 which ~how~ schematiaally a rotating-reciprocating piston machine with electric ~ production of the rotating reciprocating motion. The i' reciprocatory stroke motion oi a piston (2j together with the rotating motion effectively re~ults from the windings ~orm, i.o., winding~ layout or di~tribution of the rotor ~20), in conjunction with the stator. The arrangement of the stator i~ such that the fielt a~sociated therewith is more concentrated at one ~ide of the rotor than at the diametrically opposite ~ide. For convenience of doscriptlon these ~ides will be referred to a~ the upper ~ide and the lower ~ide.
.
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., ....
. ` 1308~55 Thus, in operation, the axial/lateral surface o~ the rotor (20) is axially guided by differential axial effect of the magnetic field upon the rotor (20) of the concentrated magnetic field of the stator 121) on the upper side and its inter-reaction with the stator field at the lower side, which lower side is axially much broader and thus less concentrated. Thus, the effect on the rotor lateral surface at the lower side is less relative to that produced at the upper side of the stator.
The tangential force components, i.e., torque producing force, which is also produced is, in principle, produced in the same way in the embodiment of Figure 1 as is case of conventional electric motors or electric generators.
Figure 1 on the left hand side thereof illustrates the control of the inlet and outlet valves for the working fluid of the machine in a conventional way by means of valves (29). On the right hand side of the Figure 1 the opening and closing of the ports ~(8) and (9)) are controlled by the combined rotating and reciprocating motlon of the pigton (2) in relation to the clyinder and to the only rotatable piston~ e member (5).
In an embotlment (not shown) the electromagnetically produ-sd aY~lal force component ls additionally incrsnssd.
In this embodiment the stator doe~ not only act with axial force components on the lateral surface of the rotor (20), to cause the rotor axially to displace. The stator i9 also arranget to affort additional axially directed fosces on the l~teral surface of the rotor at other locations of the stator in adtition to the upper side to produce atditional driving electromagnetic forces. These driving forces oscillate according to the motlon of the lateral surface of the rotor.
.. ... .
, .. . . ....
13081 ~;5 Figure 2a and 2b schematically show details of a second embodiment of a rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the invention. Figure 2a is a section along the cylinder axis and Figure 2b a transverse section along the axis A-A. In this embodiment the rotor (20) is not a permanent magnet, but magnetisable. The piston (2) is connected to the rotor and in operation executes one reciprocation cycle per revolution. The pole (44) of the stator attracts by electromagnetic force the lateral surface of the rotor (20) and, therefore, guides the rotor (20) according to the form of the magnetic flux p~th of - the rotor.
The rotor driving poles (45) of the stator develop an -- alternating magnetic field which produces, because of the form of the rotor, both tangential and axial acting forces on the rotor (20). The tangential forces produce a torque : 5 which in turn cau~es rotation of the piston, whilst the axial forces produce axial displacement in the direction of the pi~ton stroke.
,, The ~tator polo (46), which is securely attached to the ~" cylinder, serves as an auxiliary pole for the engine ~tart-up period.
Figure~ 3a and 3b illustrate a third embodiment OI a rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the inv-ntion and illustrate~ ~imilar detail to that shown in Figure 2. However, in the Figure 3a embodiment the rotor triving poles (45) are provitet at three locations around the perimeter of the pi~ton/cylinder.
l A~ ~hown the~e three loc~tions are arranget at ninety degree~ to each other. The driving pole~ are controlled in a cyclic manner.
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~ . , ,. - , ..
.
;
1308~55 Figures 4a and 4b schematically illu~trate a fourth embodiment of a machine incorporating the features of the invention, which machine is generally similar to those of the previous Figures 2a,2b and 3a,3b. As a result of the form of the rotor (20) used in the embodiment of Figures 4a and 4b the piston (2) executes two reciprocation cycles per revolution. The rotor is guided at two places by guiding poles (44) of the stator. Poles (45) of the stator are situated on the upper and lower sides thereof. This embodiment requires arrangements (not shown~ for the machine start-up period.
The Figures 5a, 5b illustrate a fifth embodiment of the machine/engine which is similar to that of Figure 4a and 4b. In thi~ embodiment a northpole and a southpole (44) of the stator are guiding the rotor (20). Driving poles (45) are provided at four places. The driving poles are cyclic~lly switched in such a way that they execute forw~rd and backward going axial/tangential forces on the rotor (20). The guiding poles (44) are, for exampls, formed by permanent magnets. In the case of another embotiment ~not ~hown), the stator only incorporates driv~ng pole~ (45). The poles (45) are thus acting in a predominantly attracting sense on the rotor and are trlving and guiding the rotor lnto the required rotating-reciprocating motion.
The above discu~ed embodiments can also exist in a inver~e arrangement in which the stator is in~talled on the in~ide of the engine and has the above described functions of ~he rotor. Simil~rly, in such arrangements the rotor has the above describet functions ant ~i ch~racteristic~ of the stator8 previously tiscus8ed.
Figure 6 show~ in perspective the form of the rotor of Figures 4 and 5.
_ 9 _ - :
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DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the invention the motion of the piston is arranged by means of a rotor t20) which is disposed in an inclined way with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (See ; Figure 1 to 3b) to the axis of rotation or is curved in the axial direction (see Figures 4 to 6), whereby the force acting from the stator to the rotor (or vice versa) ;~ has axial and tangential components.
-i~ lO As has been mentioned, the axial force components -~ teveloped control the axial movements of the piston and the tangential force components develop the rotational mot ion .
,, .
Preferably, at one or more locations of the stator (21), the stator keopo the lateral surface of the rotor (20) near theoe places. In other words at these locations the stator establisheo stronger magnetic fields i.e., magnetic field notes, which attract the rotor towards such location th-r-by causing the rotor axiAlly to displace and, in cons-quence cause, the rotational movements thereof. This ~3-~ m-ans that the otator io guiding the lateral surface of th- rotor at these locations. This is somewhat an ' analogy to the known mechanical tevice with guiding 7; el-ments and the cam-like curved path. The number of guiding locations i~ preferably equal to the number of reciprocating stroke cycleo per revolution, ~ccording to ;~ the form of the rotor.
,' :
The principle of this electric motor or generator can be f' made very simllar to any known principle ~see for example Figure 1). In ~ome pr-ferred embodimento the rotor is made with magnetic poleo or windingo which are attached to the rotor.
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-1308~55 In other embodiments the rotor is made of magnetisable but not permanent magnet material. This is possible and realizable as a result of the non-rotational symmetric form of the rotor. The electromagnetic field of the stator magnetises the rotor. Force and motion are produced and are influenced by the arrangement and the cyclic timing of the electromagnetic field of the stator and by the form of the rotor.
The length of the stroke or the compression ratio can be made adjustable. This can be achieved by axial displacement of magnetic poles, by magnetic poles being electrically switchable, or by adjustment of the strength , of the magnetic orce which has an axial component.
If desired, two neighbouring working faces of adjacent piston~ or oi^ a piston and ~ piston-like member (5a) are so inter-coupled that they rotate in unison. One form of such inter-coupling i5 by connecting the working faces in the manner of a dog clutch.
, ~ BE8T EXECUTIONS OF THE INVENTION
~ ~, The rotor of the rotating-reciprocating piston machine i~
fixed at the piston and made of magneti~able but not of p-rman-nt magnet material. Thus, current feed is not neeted for the rotor. The piston normally is arranged to make either one, two, three or more reciprocating ~troke cycle~ per revolution.
.~, ., ~' Pref-rably, the rotor i~ arranged to make two itentical ~troke cycle~ p-r revolution. In this case the rotor is formed according to Figure 6. The rotor i~ guided by two magnetic pole pairs which are locatet diametrically ': t~
",~ - 11 -'-''''' ' , ' ', ~
.' ' , ' , 13~18155 opposite to each other at the stator. The number of these guiding locations is equal to the number of identical reciprocating stroke cycles per revolution; and, as seen in the direction along the rotation axis, these guiding locations are arranged at equiangular distances with respect to each other. Therefore, in the embodiment illustrated the engine/machine has two guiding locations and the angular separation is 180 degrees. These poles at the guiding locations are either permanent magnets or they are activated by coils. In between these guiding locations there are driving electromagnetic fields, caused by the windings or coils. These coils, for example, are located at predetermined axial distances relative to one another and effect axial and axial/tangential force components.
In the case of a direct current arrangement the windings or coils are arranged to be switchable. In the case of polyphase alternating current the coils are arranged at the driving locations so that the driving electromagnetic field~ move according to the relative motion of the lateral surface of the rotor.
Preferably, the pi~ton runs on a lubrication film. At locations at which the lubrication is net required such a~
~, the working chamber (7) and in the ~lcinity of the port~
~8/9) scraper/seallng rings or the like are provited.
8uch sealing means can be provided in the cylinder wall.
.;
~ 12 -~',J~
TECHNIC~L FIELD
The teehnical field of the invention is piston engines and piston machines with pistons which simultaneously undergo rotation during reciprocation within the cylinder of the machine, and in which electromagnetic forees are involved in the production of the piston motion.
The "classic" well known reciprocating piston engine has pistons which execute only a reciprocating motion. The piston motion is in this case mostly produced by a erankshaft and a eonnecting rod.
For the conversion of the power, an electric motor or eleetric generator is commonly conneeted with the crankshaft.
The reeiproeating and at the same time rotating motion of a piston ha~ mAny advantages. For example, the friction of a rotating piston is lower, the rotational movements of the pi~ton can improve the control o engine working ~luld ports.
Beeause of this typieal motion of the piston, this kind of machine will be ealled "rotating-reciprocating piston machine". The term "rotating-reciprocating piston maehine"
is intended not only to embraee maehines but al~o engines.
The present Applieation is ~ Divisional Applieation of the Applie~nt's eo-pending Applieation No 546,858 and is eoneerned with rotating-reeLproeating piston machines - 2 - ~
,2~.S~b ~
'~^
' ;'~
~: ;
,' ' ~08~55 involving electrically operating devices for the arrangement/control of the motion of the piston and discloses the invention claimed in said co-pending Application.
DESCRI~TION OF THE PRIOR ART
Kenneth R. Maltby describes in his United States Patent No.
2,352,396 a rotating-reciprocating piston machine. In the Maltby machine the piston motion uses a cam-like curved path which is rotating relative to guiding elements whilst at the same time executing a reciprocating motion. Maltby also describes combinations of mechanical devices with electromagnetic devices. According to Figure 12 of K.R.
Maltby's patent, the reciprocating stroke motion is controlled/arranged electrically, but the rotating motion is added mechanically by a curved path i.e., cam surface.
According to Maltby's Figures 13 and 14, an electric motor or ; generator effects only the rotational motion of the piston, the reciprocating motion is efected by a mechanical device, such as a cam-like curved path and guide elements. In other words these electrical devices produce either axial force ~ 20 components for the stroke motion or tangential force ; components ~or the rotational motion.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome this deficiency.
STATEMENTS OF INVENTION
Broadly, according to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine comprising a cylinder, a rotor~a ~ and at least one piston for executing movement involving combined axial displacement and rotation with respect to the axis of the ~ - 3 -, `, cylinder, the rotor being connected to the piston and the stator being connected to the cylinder, the rotor and stator together electromagnetically producing said movement wherein the form of the rotor or stator is arranged to provide at least one continuous magnetic flux path which totally circumscribes the piston axis, and wherein the effective magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the - axis of the cylinder or includes regions inclined to said plane, the arrangement being such that the force produced between the stator and rotor has axial and tangential components, and wherein there is provided on the stator or rotor one or more locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field which causes ; said continuous flux path to be attracted towards such location(s), whereby the rotor is caused to execute reciprocating and rotating motion with respect to the stator.
: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
c For a better understanding of the invention and to show how to carry the same into effect reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
,, -Figure 1 i5 a longitudinal section illustrating a rotating-reciprocating piston machine with a ~irst electromagnetic arrangement for producing the combined rotational and reciprocatory motion o~ the piston;
Figure 2a is a longitudinal section o~ a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a second embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Figure 2b is a section on the line A-A o~ Figure 2a;
- i Figure 3a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a third embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
.:
Figure 3b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 3a; -Figure 4a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a fourth embodiment of an electromagnetic ~: arrangement exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Figure 4b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 4a;
: ~ .
- Figure 5a is a longitudinal section of a piston and cylinder, and illustrating a fifth embodiment of an electromagnetic arrangement for exerting both tangential and axial forces upon a piston;
Pigure 5b is a section on the line A-A of Figure 5a; and : Figure 6 illustrates in perspective view an embodiment of a , rotor.
KEY TO THE FIGURES
'~, 1 cylinder ~Pigures 1-5) 2 piston which executes a rotating reciprocating motion piston-like member which only rotates (Figure 1) 7 working chamber (Figure 1) .
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1308~55 -~ 8 fluid inlet port with inlet channel (Figure 1) 9 fluid outlet port with outlet channel (Figure 1) 14 central shaft (Figure 1) 20 rotor 21 stator 29 valve (Figure 1) 44 magnetic pole which guides the rotor (Figures 2a-5b) 45 magnetic pole which drives the rotor (Figures 2a-5b) 46 auxiliary winding for the start-up of the engine Roferring now to the trawings and more particularly to Flgure 1 which ~how~ schematiaally a rotating-reciprocating piston machine with electric ~ production of the rotating reciprocating motion. The i' reciprocatory stroke motion oi a piston (2j together with the rotating motion effectively re~ults from the windings ~orm, i.o., winding~ layout or di~tribution of the rotor ~20), in conjunction with the stator. The arrangement of the stator i~ such that the fielt a~sociated therewith is more concentrated at one ~ide of the rotor than at the diametrically opposite ~ide. For convenience of doscriptlon these ~ides will be referred to a~ the upper ~ide and the lower ~ide.
.
~ 6 -,~
,~' ' .' ~.
., ....
. ` 1308~55 Thus, in operation, the axial/lateral surface o~ the rotor (20) is axially guided by differential axial effect of the magnetic field upon the rotor (20) of the concentrated magnetic field of the stator 121) on the upper side and its inter-reaction with the stator field at the lower side, which lower side is axially much broader and thus less concentrated. Thus, the effect on the rotor lateral surface at the lower side is less relative to that produced at the upper side of the stator.
The tangential force components, i.e., torque producing force, which is also produced is, in principle, produced in the same way in the embodiment of Figure 1 as is case of conventional electric motors or electric generators.
Figure 1 on the left hand side thereof illustrates the control of the inlet and outlet valves for the working fluid of the machine in a conventional way by means of valves (29). On the right hand side of the Figure 1 the opening and closing of the ports ~(8) and (9)) are controlled by the combined rotating and reciprocating motlon of the pigton (2) in relation to the clyinder and to the only rotatable piston~ e member (5).
In an embotlment (not shown) the electromagnetically produ-sd aY~lal force component ls additionally incrsnssd.
In this embodiment the stator doe~ not only act with axial force components on the lateral surface of the rotor (20), to cause the rotor axially to displace. The stator i9 also arranget to affort additional axially directed fosces on the l~teral surface of the rotor at other locations of the stator in adtition to the upper side to produce atditional driving electromagnetic forces. These driving forces oscillate according to the motlon of the lateral surface of the rotor.
.. ... .
, .. . . ....
13081 ~;5 Figure 2a and 2b schematically show details of a second embodiment of a rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the invention. Figure 2a is a section along the cylinder axis and Figure 2b a transverse section along the axis A-A. In this embodiment the rotor (20) is not a permanent magnet, but magnetisable. The piston (2) is connected to the rotor and in operation executes one reciprocation cycle per revolution. The pole (44) of the stator attracts by electromagnetic force the lateral surface of the rotor (20) and, therefore, guides the rotor (20) according to the form of the magnetic flux p~th of - the rotor.
The rotor driving poles (45) of the stator develop an -- alternating magnetic field which produces, because of the form of the rotor, both tangential and axial acting forces on the rotor (20). The tangential forces produce a torque : 5 which in turn cau~es rotation of the piston, whilst the axial forces produce axial displacement in the direction of the pi~ton stroke.
,, The ~tator polo (46), which is securely attached to the ~" cylinder, serves as an auxiliary pole for the engine ~tart-up period.
Figure~ 3a and 3b illustrate a third embodiment OI a rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the inv-ntion and illustrate~ ~imilar detail to that shown in Figure 2. However, in the Figure 3a embodiment the rotor triving poles (45) are provitet at three locations around the perimeter of the pi~ton/cylinder.
l A~ ~hown the~e three loc~tions are arranget at ninety degree~ to each other. The driving pole~ are controlled in a cyclic manner.
. .
~ . , ,. - , ..
.
;
1308~55 Figures 4a and 4b schematically illu~trate a fourth embodiment of a machine incorporating the features of the invention, which machine is generally similar to those of the previous Figures 2a,2b and 3a,3b. As a result of the form of the rotor (20) used in the embodiment of Figures 4a and 4b the piston (2) executes two reciprocation cycles per revolution. The rotor is guided at two places by guiding poles (44) of the stator. Poles (45) of the stator are situated on the upper and lower sides thereof. This embodiment requires arrangements (not shown~ for the machine start-up period.
The Figures 5a, 5b illustrate a fifth embodiment of the machine/engine which is similar to that of Figure 4a and 4b. In thi~ embodiment a northpole and a southpole (44) of the stator are guiding the rotor (20). Driving poles (45) are provided at four places. The driving poles are cyclic~lly switched in such a way that they execute forw~rd and backward going axial/tangential forces on the rotor (20). The guiding poles (44) are, for exampls, formed by permanent magnets. In the case of another embotiment ~not ~hown), the stator only incorporates driv~ng pole~ (45). The poles (45) are thus acting in a predominantly attracting sense on the rotor and are trlving and guiding the rotor lnto the required rotating-reciprocating motion.
The above discu~ed embodiments can also exist in a inver~e arrangement in which the stator is in~talled on the in~ide of the engine and has the above described functions of ~he rotor. Simil~rly, in such arrangements the rotor has the above describet functions ant ~i ch~racteristic~ of the stator8 previously tiscus8ed.
Figure 6 show~ in perspective the form of the rotor of Figures 4 and 5.
_ 9 _ - :
:. , .
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the rotating-reciprocating piston machine according to the invention the motion of the piston is arranged by means of a rotor t20) which is disposed in an inclined way with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (See ; Figure 1 to 3b) to the axis of rotation or is curved in the axial direction (see Figures 4 to 6), whereby the force acting from the stator to the rotor (or vice versa) ;~ has axial and tangential components.
-i~ lO As has been mentioned, the axial force components -~ teveloped control the axial movements of the piston and the tangential force components develop the rotational mot ion .
,, .
Preferably, at one or more locations of the stator (21), the stator keopo the lateral surface of the rotor (20) near theoe places. In other words at these locations the stator establisheo stronger magnetic fields i.e., magnetic field notes, which attract the rotor towards such location th-r-by causing the rotor axiAlly to displace and, in cons-quence cause, the rotational movements thereof. This ~3-~ m-ans that the otator io guiding the lateral surface of th- rotor at these locations. This is somewhat an ' analogy to the known mechanical tevice with guiding 7; el-ments and the cam-like curved path. The number of guiding locations i~ preferably equal to the number of reciprocating stroke cycleo per revolution, ~ccording to ;~ the form of the rotor.
,' :
The principle of this electric motor or generator can be f' made very simllar to any known principle ~see for example Figure 1). In ~ome pr-ferred embodimento the rotor is made with magnetic poleo or windingo which are attached to the rotor.
',',r ~ - 10 -.
- ' ,,;
-1308~55 In other embodiments the rotor is made of magnetisable but not permanent magnet material. This is possible and realizable as a result of the non-rotational symmetric form of the rotor. The electromagnetic field of the stator magnetises the rotor. Force and motion are produced and are influenced by the arrangement and the cyclic timing of the electromagnetic field of the stator and by the form of the rotor.
The length of the stroke or the compression ratio can be made adjustable. This can be achieved by axial displacement of magnetic poles, by magnetic poles being electrically switchable, or by adjustment of the strength , of the magnetic orce which has an axial component.
If desired, two neighbouring working faces of adjacent piston~ or oi^ a piston and ~ piston-like member (5a) are so inter-coupled that they rotate in unison. One form of such inter-coupling i5 by connecting the working faces in the manner of a dog clutch.
, ~ BE8T EXECUTIONS OF THE INVENTION
~ ~, The rotor of the rotating-reciprocating piston machine i~
fixed at the piston and made of magneti~able but not of p-rman-nt magnet material. Thus, current feed is not neeted for the rotor. The piston normally is arranged to make either one, two, three or more reciprocating ~troke cycle~ per revolution.
.~, ., ~' Pref-rably, the rotor i~ arranged to make two itentical ~troke cycle~ p-r revolution. In this case the rotor is formed according to Figure 6. The rotor i~ guided by two magnetic pole pairs which are locatet diametrically ': t~
",~ - 11 -'-''''' ' , ' ', ~
.' ' , ' , 13~18155 opposite to each other at the stator. The number of these guiding locations is equal to the number of identical reciprocating stroke cycles per revolution; and, as seen in the direction along the rotation axis, these guiding locations are arranged at equiangular distances with respect to each other. Therefore, in the embodiment illustrated the engine/machine has two guiding locations and the angular separation is 180 degrees. These poles at the guiding locations are either permanent magnets or they are activated by coils. In between these guiding locations there are driving electromagnetic fields, caused by the windings or coils. These coils, for example, are located at predetermined axial distances relative to one another and effect axial and axial/tangential force components.
In the case of a direct current arrangement the windings or coils are arranged to be switchable. In the case of polyphase alternating current the coils are arranged at the driving locations so that the driving electromagnetic field~ move according to the relative motion of the lateral surface of the rotor.
Preferably, the pi~ton runs on a lubrication film. At locations at which the lubrication is net required such a~
~, the working chamber (7) and in the ~lcinity of the port~
~8/9) scraper/seallng rings or the like are provited.
8uch sealing means can be provided in the cylinder wall.
.;
~ 12 -~',J~
Claims
THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine comprising a cylinder, a rotor, a stator and at least one piston for executing movement involving combined axial displacement and rotation with respect to the axis of the cylinder, the rotor being connected to the piston and the stator being connected to the cylinder, the rotor and stator together electromagnetically producing said movement wherein the form of the rotor or stator is arranged to provide at least one continuous magnetic flux path which totally circumscribes the piston axis, and wherein the effective magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the axis of the cylinder or includes regions inclined to said plane, the arrangement being such that the force produced between the stator and rotor has axial and tangential components, and wherein there is provided on the stator or rotor one or more locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field which causes said continuous flux path to be attracted towards such location(s), whereby the rotor is caused to execute reciprocating and rotating motion with respect to the stator.
2 A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, in which said magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the axis of the cylinder and in which there is provided one said location at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field attracting said continuous magnetic flux path towards such location, and wherein the rotor and the piston are arranged to undergo one reciprocation cycle per revolution with respect to the stator and the cylinder.
3. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, wherein there are provided two or more said locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field attracting said continuous magnetic flux path towards such locations, and wherein the rotor and the piston are arranged to undergo two or more reciprocation cycles per revolution with respect to the stator and the cylinder.
4. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said magnetic flux path is made of magnetisable but not permanent magnet material.
5. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said magnetic flux path has windings.
6. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which working faces of adjacent pistons or of a piston and a piston-like member are intercoupled in the manner of a dog clutch so as to maintain their relative angular orientation.
7. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the piston runs on a lubrication film.
8. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 7, further comprising scraper ring provided at a wall of said cylinder.
9. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 7, further comprising a sealing ring provided at a wall of said cylinder.
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine comprising a cylinder, a rotor, a stator and at least one piston for executing movement involving combined axial displacement and rotation with respect to the axis of the cylinder, the rotor being connected to the piston and the stator being connected to the cylinder, the rotor and stator together electromagnetically producing said movement wherein the form of the rotor or stator is arranged to provide at least one continuous magnetic flux path which totally circumscribes the piston axis, and wherein the effective magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the axis of the cylinder or includes regions inclined to said plane, the arrangement being such that the force produced between the stator and rotor has axial and tangential components, and wherein there is provided on the stator or rotor one or more locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field which causes said continuous flux path to be attracted towards such location(s), whereby the rotor is caused to execute reciprocating and rotating motion with respect to the stator.
2 A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, in which said magnetic flux path is inclined to a plane transverse to the axis of the cylinder and in which there is provided one said location at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field attracting said continuous magnetic flux path towards such location, and wherein the rotor and the piston are arranged to undergo one reciprocation cycle per revolution with respect to the stator and the cylinder.
3. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, wherein there are provided two or more said locations at which the stator or rotor in operation permanently produces a magnetic field attracting said continuous magnetic flux path towards such locations, and wherein the rotor and the piston are arranged to undergo two or more reciprocation cycles per revolution with respect to the stator and the cylinder.
4. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said magnetic flux path is made of magnetisable but not permanent magnet material.
5. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which said magnetic flux path has windings.
6. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which working faces of adjacent pistons or of a piston and a piston-like member are intercoupled in the manner of a dog clutch so as to maintain their relative angular orientation.
7. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the piston runs on a lubrication film.
8. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 7, further comprising scraper ring provided at a wall of said cylinder.
9. A rotatable-reciprocatable piston engine/machine according to claim 7, further comprising a sealing ring provided at a wall of said cylinder.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH131686 | 1986-04-04 | ||
| CA000546858A CA1312235C (en) | 1987-09-15 | 1987-09-15 | Rotating-reciprocating engine/machine |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000546858A Division CA1312235C (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1987-09-15 | Rotating-reciprocating engine/machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1308155C true CA1308155C (en) | 1992-09-29 |
Family
ID=4207589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000615728A Expired - Lifetime CA1308155C (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1990-05-11 | Rotating-reciprocating engine/machine |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (3) | EP0369990B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0794801B2 (en) |
| KR (2) | KR960000436B1 (en) |
| AT (3) | ATE68556T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7209387A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1308155C (en) |
| DE (3) | DE3773724D1 (en) |
| ES (3) | ES2048328T3 (en) |
| GB (3) | GB2198788B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1987005964A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008154730A1 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-24 | Klassen James B | Energy transfer machine and method |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4926639A (en) * | 1989-01-24 | 1990-05-22 | Mitchell/Sterling Machines/Systems, Inc. | Sibling cycle piston and valving method |
| GB8907984D0 (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1989-05-24 | Szyler Jan | Rotary engine |
| NL9000078A (en) * | 1990-01-11 | 1991-08-01 | Philips Nv | ENGINE COMPRESSOR UNIT. |
| US5441018A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1995-08-15 | Almassi; Mansour | Internal combustion rotary piston engine |
| GB9210139D0 (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1992-06-24 | Fisher Hugh E | Piston and cylinder devices |
| GB2280710A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1995-02-08 | Keith Andrew Maclaughan | Rotating and reciprocating piston i.c. engine. |
| GB2287753B (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1997-12-10 | Joanne Spinks | Two stroke engine |
| DE4424319C1 (en) * | 1994-07-09 | 1996-02-22 | Harald Hofmann | Hot gas engine |
| CZ219997A3 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-01-13 | Pavel Wenzel | External combustion engine |
| EP0978932A1 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-09 | S.C. NDR Management S.r.l. | Device having a rotor and a stator |
| KR20120085714A (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2012-08-01 | 알렉스 크노벨 | Device and method for pumping flowable masses |
| EA034460B1 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2020-02-11 | Басф Се | Method for removing hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide from a stream of fluid |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB282125A (en) * | 1926-07-19 | 1927-12-19 | Cecil Law | Improvements in or relating to two-stroke cycle internal combustion engines |
| US2352396A (en) * | 1942-02-20 | 1944-06-27 | Kenneth R Maltby | Internal-combustion engine |
| US2532106A (en) * | 1946-12-06 | 1950-11-28 | Korsgren Theodore Yngve | Multiple opposed piston engine |
| US2473936A (en) * | 1947-10-18 | 1949-06-21 | Burrough Joe | Internal-combustion engine |
| CH457070A (en) * | 1965-11-19 | 1968-05-31 | Polyprodukte Ag | Rotating drive |
| DE2623234A1 (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-12-01 | Alberto Kling | ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE DEVICE |
| DE3038673A1 (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1982-05-27 | Wilfried 3176 Meinersen Schwant | Crankshaft-less IC engine - has tandem pistons rotated via cam skirts, with ports through pistons and output via shaft connecting pistons |
| FR2510181A1 (en) * | 1981-07-21 | 1983-01-28 | Bertin & Cie | THERMAL POWER ENERGY CONVERTER WITH STIRLING MOTOR AND INTEGRATED ELECTRIC GENERATOR |
-
1987
- 1987-04-03 ES ES90100553T patent/ES2048328T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 DE DE8787810206T patent/DE3773724D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 GB GB8728277A patent/GB2198788B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 AU AU72093/87A patent/AU7209387A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1987-04-03 DE DE90100553T patent/DE3788358D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-04-03 EP EP90100552A patent/EP0369990B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 AT AT87810206T patent/ATE68556T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-04-03 EP EP87810206A patent/EP0240467B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 EP EP90100553A patent/EP0369991B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 ES ES198787810206T patent/ES2026942T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 KR KR1019870701143A patent/KR960000436B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-04-03 DE DE90100552T patent/DE3788357D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-04-03 WO PCT/CH1987/000038 patent/WO1987005964A1/en unknown
- 1987-04-03 ES ES90100552T patent/ES2048327T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-04-03 KR KR1019950703974A patent/KR960000435B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-04-03 JP JP62502150A patent/JPH0794801B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-12-19 GB GB8928577A patent/GB2226710B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-19 GB GB8928578A patent/GB2226612B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-12 AT AT90100552T patent/ATE97991T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-12 AT AT90100553T patent/ATE97992T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-11 CA CA000615728A patent/CA1308155C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008154730A1 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-12-24 | Klassen James B | Energy transfer machine and method |
| GB2467457A (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2010-08-04 | James B Klassen | Energy tranfer machine and method |
| GB2467457B (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2013-02-27 | Cold Power Systems Inc | Energy transfer machine and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3788358D1 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
| GB2226710A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| ATE97991T1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| KR880701314A (en) | 1988-07-26 |
| ATE68556T1 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
| EP0369991A1 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| ES2048327T3 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| GB8728277D0 (en) | 1988-01-13 |
| WO1987005964A1 (en) | 1987-10-08 |
| DE3773724D1 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
| KR960000435B1 (en) | 1996-01-06 |
| EP0369990A1 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| GB8928577D0 (en) | 1990-02-21 |
| GB2198788A (en) | 1988-06-22 |
| GB2226612A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| AU7209387A (en) | 1987-10-20 |
| EP0240467B1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
| EP0369990B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| DE3788357D1 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
| ES2026942T3 (en) | 1992-05-16 |
| JPH0794801B2 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
| GB2226710B (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| EP0369991B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| KR960000436B1 (en) | 1996-01-06 |
| EP0240467A1 (en) | 1987-10-07 |
| GB8928578D0 (en) | 1990-02-21 |
| GB2226612B (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| GB2198788B (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| ATE97992T1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| ES2048328T3 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| JPS63502916A (en) | 1988-10-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |