EP0369990A1 - Rotating and reciprocating piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The rotating and alternating piston machine is an alternating or free piston machine in which the pistons effect a rotating and alternating movement. Main characteristics: 1) the use of rotation or alternation/rotation, for example in order to control the ports provided in the cylinder walls of two- and four-stroke engines, pumps and compressors; 2) simple conversion of rotating and alternating movement by mechanical or electrical means. The rotating and alternating piston machine offers the possibility of: pumps, including the electric drive, in which there is only one rotating part; direct conversion of the alternating movement of the piston into electrical energy; control of the gas movement by the piston; operation of other ports having specific functions (for example, introducing additional compressed gas, discharge ports operating in succession etc.); free selection of the number of piston strokes per rotation; choice of piston stroke kinematics; powerful rotation or swirling of charge; easily designed compact and inexpensive machines; possible integration of a compressor without having to provide for an additional volume and virtually without any weight increase. In the two-stroke combustion engine, in which the gas exchange is controlled by the pistons (2 and 5), the useful power is available at the central shaft (14), which carries the rotating and alternating piston (2) in a longitudinally-slidable but rotationally-fixed manner. Movement is converted by the oscillating shaft (35) and transmission element (38). The engine is provided with four working chambers and has a 100% mass balance.

Description

Technical field

Technical field of the invention are piston machines with reciprocating and at the same time rotating pistons in the cylinder, this movement being brought about by means of electrical energy.
The "classic", well-known reciprocating machine has pistons that only perform a reciprocating movement. The piston movement is usually generated by the crankshaft and connecting rod. An electric motor or an electric generator is connected to the crankshaft to convert the power.
The reciprocating and simultaneously rotating movement of the piston, however, has many advantages: the friction of the rotating piston is less, the additional rotation of the piston can improve the slot control and so on.
Because of this typical piston movement, this type of machine is therefore referred to below as a "rotary reciprocating piston machine", which means both a working machine and an engine.
The present invention now relates to electrically functioning devices for generating or converting the piston movement in such rotary reciprocating piston machines.

State of the art

Kenneth R. Maltby describes in his patent (US 2,352,396) a rotary reciprocating machine. The piston movement is generated by a cam track which rotates relative to guide elements and thereby also carries out a lifting movement. It also describes combinations of mechanical devices with electromagnetic devices. According to Figure 12 of KR Maltby's patent, the lifting movement is generated electrically or converted into electrical energy, but the rotating movement is mechanically added by a cam track. According to Maltby's Figures 13 and 14, an electric motor or generator only provides the rotational movement; the additional lifting movement is also generated by a mechanical device, by a cam track. This means that these electrical devices either generate axial force components for the lifting movement or tangential force components for the rotary movement. But they do not have axial and tangential components, which both work together.

The object of the present invention is to generate the rotary stroke movement of the piston by means of axial and tangential force components, this piston movement being generated by electrical energy or electrical energy being generated by this piston movement.

Presentation of the invention

According to the present invention, therefore, a piston machine is provided with at least one piston, which carries out a rotary movement about the cylinder axis and at the same time an oscillating stroke movement parallel to the cylinder axis, characterized in that this piston movement is brought about electromagnetically by means of an armature which is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation or has curves in the axial direction, whereby the forces acting between the stator and armature have axial and tangential components.

Usually there are one or more locations on the stator, where the stator holds the lateral surface of the armature in the vicinity of these locations, whereby the armature executes the oscillating stroke movement according to its shape.

Description of the drawings

• Figur 1 ein Längsschnitt ist, der eine Dreh-Hubkolben-­Maschine mit einer elektromagnetischen Vorrichtung zur Herbeiführung der Bewegung des Kolbens illustriert;
• Figuren 2 bis 5 Längsschnitte und Querschnitte sind, welche Details von elektromagnetschen Vorrichtungen zur Herbeiführung der Bewegung des Kolbens illustrieren; und
• Figur 6 ein Beispiel einer Form eines Ankers illustriert.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrate some examples, in which:

• Figure 1 is a longitudinal section illustrating a rotary reciprocating machine with an electromagnetic device for causing the piston to move;
• Figures 2 to 5 are longitudinal sections and cross sections illustrating details of electromagnetic devices for causing the piston to move; and
• Figure 6 illustrates an example of a shape of an anchor.

Legend for the figures:

• 1 cylinder (Fig. 1 - 5)
• 2 pistons that perform a rotary-stroke movement
• 5 piston-like member that only rotates (Fig. 1)
• 8 inlet duct (FIG. 1)
• 9 outlet duct (FIG. 1)
• 14 central shaft (Fig. 1)
• 20 anchors, or rotor
• 21 stator
• 29 valve (Fig. 1)
• 44 magnetic pole, which guides the armature (Fig. 2 - 5)
• 45 magnetic pole which drives the armature (Fig. 2 - 5)
• 46 auxiliary winding for the start (Fig. 2)

Let us now refer to the drawings in detail: Figure 1 shows schematically a rotary reciprocating machine with the inventive electrical induction of the rotary stroke movement. The stroke movement of the piston (2) together with the rotary movement results from the shape of the armature (20): the outer surface of the armature (20) is guided axially on the upper side by a concentrated magnetic field of the stator (21). At the bottom, the field of the stator is much wider axially. As a result, the axial movement of the lateral surface of the Anchor approved relative to the stator. In this version, the torque is basically generated in the same way as with conventional electric motors or electric generators. The control of the charge exchange in a conventional manner is shown on the left with valves (29), on the right the slot control is influenced by the rotary movement of the piston (2) and the piston-like member (5). The shape and arrangement of the piston in connection with the slot control in a rotary reciprocating machine is the subject of a separate patent application. The following version, not shown, additionally strengthens the axial force component: The stator acts not only with axial force components on the outer surface of the armature where it guides the armature. The stator supports the relative axial movement of the outer surface of the armature at other points of the stator by driving electromagnetic forces. These driving forces oscillate in accordance with the movement of the surface area of the armature.

Figure 2a-b shows schematically details of another version of a rotary piston machine according to the invention. Figure 2a shows a section along the cylinder axis, Figure 2b shows a section along the axis A-A. The armature (20) is not permanently magnetic, but can be magnetized. The piston (2) is connected to the armature and executes one stroke cycle per revolution. The pole (44) of the stator attracts the outer surface of the armature (20) with electromagnetic forces and therefore guides the armature in accordance with the armature shape. The driving poles (45) of the stator have an alternating magnetic field and cause tangential and axial forces on the armature (20) due to the shape of the armature. The tangential forces generate a torque and the axial forces generate a force in the stroke direction. The stator pole (46) also attached to the cylinder serves as an auxiliary pole for starting the machine.

Figure 3 shows a similar version of the device which produces the piston movement, but there are driving poles (45) at three points on the circumference. The driving poles are actuated with a time shift relative to each other.

FIG. 4 schematically shows another version similar to FIGS. 2 and 3. Depending on the shape of the armature (20), the piston (2) executes two stroke cycles per revolution. The armature is guided in two places through guide poles (44) of the stator. Driving poles (45) of the stator are arranged at the top and bottom of the drawing.
This version needs a starting device.

Figure 5 shows a version similar to Figure 4. A north pole and a south pole (44) of the stator guide the armature (20). Driving poles (45) are present in four places. The driving poles are switched so that they cause a reciprocating axial-tangential force on the armature (20). The guide poles (44) are designed, for example, as permanent magnets. In another version, the stator has only driving poles (45). The poles (45) then have a predominantly attractive effect on the armature and drive and guide the armature in the correct rotary / lifting movement.

The versions described also exist in a contrary version: the stator arranged on the outside has the functions and properties of the armature described. Analogously, the armature has the described functions and properties of the stator.

Figure 6 shows in perspective the shape of the armature (20) of Figures 4 and 5.

For the sake of simplicity, all cylinder parts or non-moving parts connected to the cylinder, which are also called "housings" or "engine blocks" e.t.c. could denote, called "cylinder".

Description of the invention

In the rotary reciprocating piston machine according to the invention, the movement of the piston is brought about by means of an armature (20) which is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation (see FIGS. 1 to 3) or has shafts in the axial direction (see FIGS. 4 to 6), as a result of which force acting between stator and armature has axial and tangential components.
The axial force components relate to the stroke movement, the tangential force components relate to the rotary movement.

It is advantageous if the stator holds the outer surface of the armature (20) in the vicinity of these points at one or more points of the stator (21). This means that the stator guides the outer surface of the armature at these points. This is somehow an analogy to the known mechanical device with the guide elements and the cam track. The number of guide points is advantageously equal to the number of lifting cycles per revolution, depending on the shape of the armature. The electrical principle of the device according to the invention can be made very similar to any known principle of electric motors or electric generators. (See e.g. Figure 1).

In some versions, the armature is made with magnetic poles or turns on it.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the armature is made of magnetizable but not permanently magnetic material. This version can be implemented due to the non-rotationally symmetrical shape of the anchor. The stator's electromagnetic field magnetizes the armature. Force and movement are generated and influenced by the arrangement and the time sequence of the electromagnetic stator field and by the shape of the armature.

Another version is characterized in that the stroke length or the compression ratio or both is adjustable. This is done by axial displacement of magnetic poles or by electrically switchable poles, or by adjusting the strength of the magnetic force, which has an axial component.

Another version is characterized in that the two adjacent end faces of two pistons or a piston and a piston-like member (5) always remain in engagement with one another like claws. In this way, for example, the movement of the various pistons is synchronized.

Another version is characterized in that the Piston rests on a lubricating film, the lubricant, if it must not get into the work area or into the slots, be kept away from the work area or the slots by a scraper ring or other sealing elements. This sealing element is mounted in the cylinder wall, for example.

Best implementation of the invention

The armature of the following rotary reciprocating machine is attached to the piston and made of soft magnetic, i.e. made of magnetizable but not permanently magnetic material. This means that no power supply to the anchor is necessary. The piston normally makes either one, two or more stroke cycles per revolution. Two identical stroke cycles per revolution are advantageous. In this case, the anchor is shaped according to FIG. 6. The armature is guided through two magnetic poles, which are diametrically opposite one another on the stator. The number of these guide points is equal to the number of identical lifting cycles per revolution; and these guide points are arranged at identical angular distances from one another when viewed along the axis of rotation. Therefore our example has two guide points and the angular distance between them is 180 degrees. These poles at these points are either permanent magnets or they are activated by coils. There are driving electromagnetic fields between these guide points, caused by windings or coils. These coils are arranged, for example, at an axial distance from one another and produce axial and axial-tangential force components. In the case of direct current, these windings or coils can be switched. In the case of multi-phase alternating current, the coils are arranged at the driving points in such a way that the driving electromagnetic fields move in accordance with the relative movement of the outer surface of the armature.

Claims (7)

1. piston machine as a working or power machine with at least one piston (2), which carries out a rotary movement about the cylinder axis and at the same time an oscillating stroke movement parallel to the cylinder axis, characterized in that this movement of the piston is brought about electromagnetically by means of an armature (20), which is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation, or has curves in the axial direction, whereby the force acting between the stator and armature has axial and tangential components. 2. Piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at one or more points of the stator (21) the stator holds the lateral surface of the armature (20) in the vicinity of these points, whereby the armature performs the lifting movement according to its shape when rotating. 3. Piston machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the armature is made with magnetic poles or windings located thereon. 4. Piston machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the armature consists of magnetizable, but not permanently magnetic material. 5. Piston machine according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the stroke length or the compression ratio or both is adjustable by axial displacement of magnetic poles, or by electrically switchable magnetic poles, or by adjusting the magnetic force, which is an axial component having. 6. Piston machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the two adjacent end faces of two pistons (2) or a piston (2) and a piston-like member (5) always interlock positively like claws. 7. Piston machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the piston rests on a lubricating film, the lubricant, if it must not get into the working space or into the slots, from the working space or from the Slitting is kept away by a scraper ring or other sealing elements.

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