DE3317813A1 - Method and device for converting the oscillating movements of an oscillating armature into rotary movements of rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

The method makes possible the conversion of an oscillating movement which may have a fluctuating amplitude, as occurs, for example, in the case of a free-flight piston engine, into a rotary movement in the same direction, in that magnetic DC fields are commutated directly by means of the oscillations into magnetic alternating fields which act on a rotor and act in a similar manner to rotating fields. A plurality of possibilities are published in order to produce at least two field phases which act cyclically on the rotor. In a preferred embodiment, it is possible to use the oscillations of a single armature, without an auxiliary winding, to produce a four-phase rotating field in that an auxiliary device, which also oscillates and takes part in the commutation can at the same time rotate about an axis running in the direction of the oscillation.

Description

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PATENT LAWYERS ~ XVOCL. TKMTUKTItII UKIM ΠΜΟ | · Χ | »1 ■ 1V ηΤΚΧΤΑΝΤ

Dipl.-Ing.
Hubert soon
Schützenstrasse 1

5920 Bad Berleburg

Method and device for converting the oscillating oscillating movements Anchors in rotary movements of rotors.

The invention relates to a method for converting the oscillating movements of oscillating armatures into the same direction Rotational movements of rotors.

The term "anchor" is intended here in general be understood in the strictest sense, that is, it can be any oscillating mass. However, the application of the invention is in particular for the output of so-called free-flight piston internal combustion engines thought. In such engines, the piston executes an oscillating movement, depending on the power balance and the firing order, which both subject to large fluctuations in terms of both frequency and amplitude. A linear oscillating one However, movement is not very suitable for many technical applications; is needed rather, it is generally a directed torque available on a shaft.

It is easily possible to convert the oscillating movement into a rotary movement, e.g.

by means of the armature in a moving coil, an elec-

tric alternating field generated by interaction with a magnetic field, and with this Alternating fields can then be used to generate a rotating field with the help of phase shifting devices, for example. with which a conventional motor, for example an asynchronous motor, is then driven. This conversion method, which is at least theoretically known, accordingly has that in the preamble of the patent claim 1 features mentioned. The energy taken from the vibrating system is subjected to multiple transformations including conversion into electrical energy. Every implementation of a form of energy in the other is subject to losses, so that the overall efficiency is relatively poor.

In addition, electromagnetic converters are heavy and, because of the considerable masses of electrically conductive material (copper) required in continuous operation, especially with high power consumption, » also expensive.

Another possibility would be to use a pawl to intervene in a climbing gear from the anchor, which is prevented from turning back by a pawl, or some other type a mechanical rectifier to be provided. In most cases, especially with high performance, such a solution will be ruled out due to wear problems

The contactless implementation via Magnet's ⁰ feider is therefore to be given preference.

The object of the present invention is to provide the method with the preamble of claim 1 to design features mentioned in such a way that only a minimum of energy conversion processes takes place.

The object is achieved according to the invention by those mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1 Features solved.

Accordingly, at least one magnetic field generator is provided which generates a constant field. Since, according to the invention, the torque on the rotor by the action of alternating magnetic fields to be generated on the rotor, the vibrating armature itself and directly as "Switch" is used, which alternates the magnetic constant field on different magnetic fields switches conductive paths in which alternating flows are then present. This can be seen on the circumference of the rotor like a rotating field.

The detour via the electrical form of energy is no longer necessary, resulting in considerable savings on keterial, production work and power loss result.

In principle, the rotation can already be achieved with a two-phase rotating field, which therefore has two components phase-shifted by 180 ° cause a rotor, if by any auxiliary medium ensures that the rotor is the same makes sensible revolutions and not just shuttles back and forth. Such aids can also be used in the context of the present invention are formed by an auxiliary coil with phase shift, which then all however, only a small proportion is expediently of the energy turnover.

In such two-phase versions, the are not capable of self-starting, the rotor is usually given one with a corresponding moment of inertia assign affected flywheel so that desynchronization need not be feared if the auxiliary equipment required only for the initial synchronization between rotor and armature is switched off again will.

As will be explained later on the basis of an exemplary embodiment, one can without further Auxiliary converter assembly capable of self-starting

voltage can be designed so that it is driven by a single armature by during a Period of oscillation of the armature at each reversal point of the oscillation movement once and at the passage a magnetic flux is switched on and off twice through the central position of the armature will.

Another possibility within the scope of the invention is that two armatures are out of phase Swing by e.g. 90 ° and act on a rotor together, so that each constant field is only in two fields are to be commutated, which then results in a • four-phase rotating field.

It is equivalent to such an arrangement if an armature and a rotor work together in two phases, the rotors are mechanically coupled,

bo that again a four-phase construction is present, in which only the alternating fields act on two separate, but synchronously rotating rotor jacket surfaces. On the other hand you can but also more than two armatures on a common rotor or, more generally, on one common output act with positively synchronized rotors, the armatures being arranged approximately in a star shape.

In the case of free-flight piston engines would be synchronize their piston acting as armature drive with each other so that they have the corresponding Have phase shift from one another; this can be achieved by shifting the ignition timing accordingly points or through self-synchronization follow.

However, it is also possible and, if necessary, preferred to use a motion conversion system vibration / Rotation for a single armature and without an auxiliary coil to train within the scope of the present invention, if it is ensured that the at least one constant field is converted into a multiphase, preferably four-phase alternating field by auxiliary movements of relative mutually displaceable and / or rotatable construction share is commutated.

It is also within the scope of the invention to design the oscillating armature itself as a rotor. In In this case, the converted rotary movement can also be used to control a rotary valve, if, for example, a piston for conveying gaseous or liquid media is connected to the armature is.

Before exemplary embodiments are explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, should some basic remarks should be made first.

In "classic" three-phase synchronous machines, this shifts from the sum of the three alternating fields formed rotating field with a temporally constant amplitude and constant speed the scope of the machine. With a constant torque load, the rotor's polar axis remains behind the Pole axis of the stator back by a constant pole wheel angle corresponding to the load. in the In contrast to this, in the devices according to the invention, that migrates from the sum of the individual fields resulting "rotating field" jumps over the machine circumference, and since the rotor does not jump, but should revolve almost continuously, the corresponding "pole wheel angle" changes also by leaps and bounds. After a sudden increase in the rotor angle, the next one takes place Jump a continuous downsizing.

If a device according to the invention is to be capable of self-starting, this must be ensured be that the torque generated by the action of alternating fields on the rotor over a full rotation of the rotor of 360 ° at any angle of rotation has a value exceeding zero. However, the size may and will be between different ones within one cycle Values fluctuate.

However, if the torque drops to zero one or more times during a rotor revolution, that is Self-start no longer guaranteed. In this case, the drive torque-free angular sections be bridged by a corresponding flywheel. Despite the lack of a self-start, however, such devices are advantageous because of their simple construction, especially when only a single oscillating anchor available

stands. It goes without saying that when a useful torque is delivered the flywheel must be dimensioned sufficiently large to also convert the useful torque into the drive torque-free To deliver at intervals. In addition, it is then also necessary that a synchronization is made between armature and rotor by any means. If such a system for example intended to drive a motor vehicle by means of a free-flight piston internal combustion engine is, it will be necessary to control or regulate the drive motor in such a way that an out of step fall (Desynchronization) and the resulting Standstill of the output are impossible.

In the explanation of the exemplary embodiments, first of all, those that are not capable of self-starting Devices received, and then self-starting converter systems are dealt with.

The exemplary embodiments of devices for performing the method according to the invention are in the accompanying drawings and are explained in detail below.

Fig. 1 shows largely schematically an axial section along line C-D of the figure 2 shows a first embodiment of a Device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-B of Fig. 1;

FIGS. 3 and 4 show, analogously to FIGS. 1 and 2, a further embodiment,

Fig. 5u.6 show an analogous representation

third embodiment,

Fig. 7u.8 represent a further embodiment in a similar manner, the Figure 7 is a section according to the kinked section line E-F of Figure 8,

9 is a largely schematic partial axial section through an arrangement consisting of a free-flight piston explosion engine, a motion conversion system according to the invention and a

Pump with valve slots,

FIG. 10 is a partial development of the control slots approximately in the area Q of FIG. 9,

11 shows in a largely schematic longitudinal section a device for through

conduct of the procedure, which is self-starting,

Figure 12 is a section on line 2-2 of the figure

11 »

Fig. 13 is a section along line 3-3 of the figure

11 »

Fig. 14 shows the course of movement schematically in 8 phases of the pole teeth in the device according to FIG. 11, the Inside view across six segments

has been drawn up,

Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment in axial section sform,

Fig. 1 € a-16d represent partial radial sections from FIG at the level of the individual air gaps,

Fig. 17 shows schematically a further embodiment,

18 serves to explain a variant of the embodiment according to FIG.

In Figures 1 and 2, the shaft 350 of the rotor is by means of roller bearings 352 and 354 relative to the stationary Components rotatably mounted. A flywheel in the form of a disk 358 is fixed to the Shaft connected. The shaft 350 is made of a non-magnetizable material; with her, however, is one Fixedly connected rotor magnet 356, which is radially magnetized in two poles and designed as a permanent magnet is. The armature 360 is here as fixed with a reciprocating piston rod Free flight piston engine connected assumed. The anchor 360 is shown here in its left end position; it can in the direction of arrow 362 a Run through oscillation stroke "A". The armature carries two radially magnetized permanent magnets at a distance "H" 364 or 366. Their shape is similar to that of the rotor permanent magnet 356. The two permanent magnets 364 and 366 are magnetized in the opposite direction by 180 °. In the right end position of the anchor the permanent magnet 366 assumes the position shown in the drawing, which represents the left end position, the magnet 364 occupies. It will be understood that the anchor is supported in the transverse direction, however this is not shown in the drawing. The armature itself consists of a non-magnetizable material.

On the other hand, the upper pole leg 368 and the pole are made of magnetically highly conductive material lower pole legs 370. They are held by frame parts 372 and 374 made of non-magnetizable material.

It is assumed that the armature is oscillating with the stroke "A" at a certain frequency executes, and that the rotor, which initially has no useful

ORiGfNAL JNiSPECTED

moment is to be demanded, by any means to a synchronous frequency corresponding to the armature frequency Speed has been brought. In the left end position of the armature shown in FIG then permeates the field emanating from the permanent magnet 364 with the polarity marked in the drawing the pole legs 368 and 370 and thus also the rotor air gap 376 and acts on the rotor permanent magnet 356, a torque being generated on these in the direction of arrow 378. This leads to a minor Acceleration of the rotor and its flywheel 358 and the flywheel stores energy, which should be sufficient for those occurring in the further course of the rotor revolution up to a renewed acceleration to overcome decelerating braking torques without losing the mean synchronous speed. In the illustrated Position, the armature is just about to move after it has previously reached its left end position initiate in the direction of arrow 362 to assume the right end position. After replacement half of the stroke "A / 2" through the armature, the rotor has turned by about 90 °. If the Armature in the direction of arrow 362 now begins the second armature magnet 366 in the area of the pole shoes 380, 382 of the pole legs 368, 370 immerse, with A magnetic field with opposite polarity to the previous polarity develops in the pole legs builds up and the rotor air gap 376 is flooded accordingly. This will again be a Torque exerted on the rotor magnet 356, which has now passed through an angle of more than 90 ° based on the position it was in at the start of the rightward stroke. This too second driving torque acts in the direction of arrow 378. After reaching the right end position

of the armature, the permanent magnet 366 has reached the position that the permanent magnet 364 is in the left End position and the rotor has rotated about 180 °. In the further sequence the operations described again when the armature returns to the left end position.

If the rotor is loaded by a braking torque, it remains around a certain pole wheel angle compared to the angular position of the unloaded rotor. If the braking torque becomes too high, If this rotor angle becomes too large and the rotor falls out of step, it usually comes to a standstill comes. If the rotor is supplied with additional drive torque from the outside, the rotor angle can also cause the rotor to advance in the opposite direction, with energy then being transferred from the rotor to the Anchor is transferred.

It goes without saying that instead of the single pole pair according to FIGS. 1 and 2, several pole pairs can be provided. Appropriately, the rotor magnet and armature magnets will then have the same number of pole pairs. You can also arrange the pole legs rotatably on the stator side and the rotor magnet stationary arrange, wherein the pole legs would form parts of the flywheel. That would be the anchor, however to be arranged non-rotatably.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the part of the drawing above the shaft center in FIG. 3 corresponds to that Section C-O, while the part of the drawing below the shaft center reproduces section 0-D in FIG.

The shaft 400 of the rotor, made of non-magnetizable material, is supported by roller bearings 402 and 404 rotatably mounted relative to the stationary parts of the device. With the rotor shaft 400 the flywheel is firmly connected in the form of a disk 410. The rotor shaft also carries firmly with her connected permanent magnets 406 and 408, which in the radial direction are magnetized in two poles, and their pole axes are offset from one another by 90 °.

The oscillating armature 412 is considered to be fixed to the piston rod of an otherwise not shown Free flight piston engine connected assumed. It is shown in the left end position of the armature stroke "A". A magnetic flux switch 416 made of magnetically highly conductive material is fixedly connected to the armature. Of the The armature swings around its central position and takes after the stroke "A" in the direction of the arrow the position indicated by dashed lines in FIG. While the actual armature made of non-magnetizable Material, for example aluminum, is a stationary permanent magnet 418 with pole pieces 420 and 422 made of magnetically highly conductive material are provided. It is offset by 180 ° in the drawing not visible, another permanent magnet opposite, which is magnetized in the opposite direction, and associated with pole pieces 424 and 426. Another permanent magnet 428 has pole shoes 430 and 432, and a second permanent magnet, not visible in the drawing, is also offset by 180 ° with the opposite direction of magnetization to which the pole pieces 434 and 436 are assigned are. The frame parts 438, 440, 442 and 444 that hold the entire system are made of non-magnetizable material Material, for example aluminum.

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With regard to the start-up conditions, the same considerations apply as they were assumed above on Figures 1 and 2 have been discussed.

In the drawn left end position of the armature 412, a magnetic good conductive connection through the magnetic flux switch 416 between the pole pieces 422 and 426 the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 418 and the one opposite it in the drawing permanent magnets, not shown, apart from the stray field exclusively via the pole shoes 420 and 424 and the rotor air gaps 446 are brought to act on the rotor magnet 406. In this way a torque is generated at rotor magnet 406, which acts in the direction of arrow 448.

Regarding the transfer of energy to the rotor and the synchronization between rotor rotation and armature vibrations exist similar conditions as in the embodiment according to the figures 1 and 2, but with the difference that in the right end position of the armature there is a torque the rotor magnet 408 is exerted, caused by the build-up of another magnetic field on which now the permanent magnet 428 and the permanent magnet (not shown) opposite it are involved with the flux passing through pole pieces 430, 432, and 436.

It goes without saying that, as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotor magnets and the associated stationary magnetic field generator

with their pole pieces could have a larger number of pole pairs than shown in the drawing. The functions of rotor and stator can also be interchanged here.

In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 is a rotor disk 470 by means of its stub shaft 473 made of magnetically non-conductive material rotatably mounted in two stationary roller bearings 471, 472. Are firmly connected to the rotor disk, for example glued, an annular first magnet system 482, an intermediate ring 484 made of magnetically not conductive material and a second annular magnet system 486. The first magnet system 482 comprises the Permanent magnets 474 and 476, which are connected to one another by two magnetically highly conductive pole heads 478 and 480 are connected. Because of the plane of symmetry of these pole heads runs the pole axis 488 of the magnet system, if the magnet system is magnetized so, as shown in FIG. The second magnet system 486 is constructed identically to the first, and the two corresponding permanent magnets 490 and 492 can be seen in FIG. 5. The second magnet system is, however, offset by 180 ° with respect to the first with respect to its direction of magnetization. The anchor should in turn be firmly connected to the piston of a free-flight piston engine, not shown; he can go through a hub "A". The left end position of the armature is drawn again. Is on the anchor a permanent magnet 496 attached, which is radially magnetized in two poles. The anchor should be torsion-proof, and to absorb radial forces acting on it, it is supported in a cylindrical longitudinal bearing 497, while there is a pin attached in the longitudinal bearing

498 extends through an elongated hole extending through the armature. It goes without saying that this type of anti-rotation device is only to be understood schematically, and in practice also other types the anti-twist device come into question.

With regard to the start-up conditions and the synchronization, reference can be made to the explanations relating to FIGS. 1 and 2. In the illustrated On the left end position of the armature 494, the field of the armature permanent magnet 496 penetrates the air gap to the rotor magnetic field, generated by the first magnet system of the rotor, being on the rotor a torque in the direction of arrow 477 is generated by acting on the first magnet system 482.

In contrast to the embodiment according to the figure 1 and 2 is the torque in the right end position of the armature 494 after passing through the stroke "A" generated by acting on a second magnet system of the rotor and it should be noted that none Components made of magnetically conductive material are present in addition to those mentioned above, so that stray and Umagnetization losses can largely be avoided.

The representation is to be understood only schematically. So the magnet systems of the rotor can be made in one piece are produced and magnetized accordingly. There are also multi-pole versions possible. It is also possible to arrange the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner and the armature in addition to its oscillating movement can also be used as a rotor due to the action of the opposing torque. This can be useful, for example, if the

mentioned free-flight piston engine directly as a pump drive is used for fluids and the inlet and outlet of the fluid in the pump chambers is to be controlled by a rotary valve assembly. In the simplest case, it puts through the armature set in rotation piston itself represents the rotary valve. It goes without saying that then the There is no anti-rotation lock of the armature and the component referred to above as "rotor" is stationary is attached. The armature itself, the piston of the free-flight piston engine and those connected to it Components then usually have enough mass to also function as the flywheel take over.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8, the shaft 500 of the rotor is made of non-magnetizable material Material consisting, stored by means of roller bearings 502 and 504 relative to the stationary parts. the The rotor shaft carries a flywheel 506 and a permanent magnet 508, the structure of which is clear in FIG is recognizable; it is magnetized radially with four poles and is firmly connected to the rotor shaft.

The oscillating armature 510 made of non-magnetizable material, for example fixed with a Piston rod of a free-flight piston engine connected, performs stroke "A" and is in the middle position "A / 2" of this stroke is drawn. The armature carries a bipolar radially magnetized one firmly connected to it Permanent magnets 512. The transverse support of the armature arranged outside is not shown.

Magnetically conductive yokes 520 and 522 are arranged above and below and close the magnetic circuit between the rotor magnet 508 and the armature

magnets 512. The magnetically non-conductive frame parts 524 and 526 ,. for example made of plastic, support the yokes. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the yokes 522 and 520 are offset from one another by 90 ° arranged with respect to the rotor axis and each with pole pieces 530 and 532 * in the area of Armature center position as well as 534 and 536 in the area of the rotor magnet 508.

It is assumed that the armature oscillates around its central position at a certain frequency and the rotor, which initially rotates without braking torque, is brought to synchronous speed in some way has been. In this regard, reference is again made to FIGS. 1 and 2 and their description. Of the Armature swings between the two end positions 516 and 518 of its permanent magnet 512 and it is assumed that it moves out of the middle position shown in FIG. 7 in the direction of arrow 514 to the right emotional. At this point in the stroke, of course, the armature is at maximum speed. The flux of the armature permanent magnet is immersed between the pole pieces 530 and 532 via the yokes 520 and 522 brought into action on the rotor permanent magnet 508 and an in Direction of arrow 528 acting torque, which is slightly less than 90 ° of rotor rotation through it is effective. The drawn position of the rotor permanent magnet corresponds to the drawn one Middle position of the armature permanent magnet. When the armature permanent magnet emerges from the pole pieces the field fed in by the armature permanent magnet decreases, and if the armature after Through a half cycle of its oscillation, returning from its end position 518 again to the The area between the pole pieces 530 and 532 is immersed,

the rotor permanent magnet has rotated further by 180 ° thanks to the flywheel 506 / so that its south pole S2 is now located between the pole pieces 534 and 536. This way the rotor gets during a period of oscillation of the armature twice a drive torque, always when the Armature passes through the middle position of its stroke.

Deviating from the embodiment shown, the rotor permanent magnet 508 can also only be two- pole with «£ = 180 °, or also six-pole, eight-pole etc. are trained. The number of yokes can also be increased, so that a maximum of the same number Yokes like trained poles are present on the rotor permanent magnet. It can be seen that with change the number of pole pairs on the rotor permanent magnet also the ratio of rotor rotation frequency to armature oscillation frequency -changed.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 is to a certain extent with regard to its mode of operation Way similar to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2; in an analogous manner one could modify the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 so that they are similar how the embodiments according to Figures 3 and 4 or 5 and 6 works.

If the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8 is combined with an embodiment according to FIGS 1 and 2 (for example.) Such that the two rotors are rotatably connected to each other or one • Form a common rotor, there is the advantageous effect that at every angle of rotation · of the rotor, a drive torque can act on him, so that the rotor is then self-starting. The number of pole pairs in the system according to Figures 7 and 8 is then always twice as high as the number of pole pairs of the 'with. him combined system

- ys - 95

according to Figures 1 and 2 or 3 and 4 or 5 and 6.

Even with such a structure of the device, a kinematic reversal is possible in which the armature swinging back and forth at the same time also takes over the function of the output rotor, if one selects an arrangement similar to Figures 5 and 6 and thereby supports the magnet systems 482 and 486 in a stationary manner, while the anti-rotation device 498 is removed.

An embodiment according to the principle described last is shown in FIGS.

In FIG. 9, 550 indicates a free-flight piston engine which itself is not part of the present Invention forms, and for example schematically in the VDI-Nachrichten of 03/18/1983 in a Display is shown. The piston rod 552 extends axially through the engine and is integral with it connected to the free-flight piston engine. At the left end, the piston rod carries in addition to its piston a permanent magnet 586. At the right end, a piston 562 is connected to the piston rod, as well as a Permanent magnet 596. All components connected to the piston rod are together with this and with the free-flight piston rotatable around the central axis of the piston rod.

Cylinder heads 554 and 556 are fixed to the Engine block 550 connected. The left magnet system holder 578 is made of non-magnetizable material and, in addition to the two non-magnetizable spacer rings 584 and 588, has two ring-shaped magnetic

ÜÖPY

systems 582 and 580 corresponding to the first and second magnet systems in Figures 5 and 6. Also the permanent magnet 586 corresponds to the armature magnet of the system according to FIGS. 5 and 6 and the Components fulfill the corresponding functions.

The right magnet system holder * 590 made of non-magnetizable material carries a non-magnetizable one Spacer ring 592 and an annular magnet system 594. This has a similar structure like the first or second magnet system according to FIGS. 5 and 6, but in comparison to the magnet system 580 or 582 with double the number of pole pairs. So is the permanent magnet 596 is similar to the permanent magnet 586, but also has twice the number of pole pairs.

The cylinder heads 554 and 556, with the piston 558 and 556 oscillating in them, limit the limit. Pump chambers for the conveyance of fluids, whereby the medium to be conveyed via inlets and outlets 568 or 566 and 572 or 570 is fed or output. The reversal takes place via control slots 560 or 564, reference being made to the illustration of the development according to FIG. 10.

In this figure, the piston 558 with the control groove 560 provided in it is seen in the direction of the arrow Q can be seen. A development of the control cylinder surface 574 is drawn superimposed on it, in FIG which the slot-shaped inlets and outlets 568 and 566 are formed. The control surface 574 is the Sealing surface of the cylinder. This pump is based on the synchronous assignment of the angle of rotation and Oscillation stroke made use of in the manner of a

Rotary valve to control the fluid supply and discharge. The anchor revolves.

The pump works as follows:

With the magnet systems 582 and 580, through interaction with the permanent magnet 586, the end positions of the armature stroke generates a torque acting on the piston rod 552 and all components connected to it , similar to that described above with reference to FIGS. With the magnet system 594 in the Cooperation with the permanent magnet 596 during the passage of the armature through its central position Torque is generated in a manner similar to that described above with reference to Figures 7 and 8. With the appropriate If these two magnet systems are arranged in the circumferential direction, the system is self-starting. Included the rotary valve is controlled as follows:

As piston 558 moves to the left while rotating in direction of arrow 598 executes, the fluid to be conveyed is via the control groove 560 and the slot-shaped outlet opening 566 extended. At the end of the stroke, the piston has rotated so far that the outlet opening 566 is closed and after a small angle of rotation of the piston, the inlet opening 568 via the Control groove 560 is connected to the interior of the cylinder, ie the pump chamber, so that in the subsequent Moving the piston to the right, the fluid to be pumped is sucked in. This process ends when the right end position is reached, because in this angle of rotation position the control groove makes the connection with the inlet opening 568 is interrupted again and after a short angle of rotation again connection with the outlet opening 566 reached. An analogous process is in progress

on the right side of the device under control of the groove 564.

Depending on the number of pole pairs, the piston can rotate during a piston stroke of 360 ° or a rotary movement of 180 °, 120 ° etc. The main power of the engine can thereby exist in the fluid pumping, or in the drive of another unit, while the pumping power serves to promote combustible gas mixture and thus the free-flight piston engine as a supercharged machine to operate. It should be noted in each case that the power to be converted via the magnet systems only the control power is, which is relatively small, so that one small and light magnet systems needed.

In the embodiments according to FIGS up to 8 it was assumed that to bypass the rotor rotation angle at which there is no drive torque, uses the kinetic energy of a flywheel will. In addition, the rotor was synchronized for the first time with respect to the oscillating armature by any means. provided. This initial synchronization can for example thereby be brought about that the operating principle of the magnetic motion converter is reversed by the Rotor is used as a starter for the free-flight piston engine. The output rotor is for example by acting on the flywheel 470 according to FIG. 5 by coupling an electrical or pneumatic device Starter motor set in rotation. As a result, an oscillating movement is imposed on the armature, which is synchronous to the rotational movement of the rotor. This synchronism then remains after the start of the free-flight piston engine obtain. The piston of the free flight

piston engine represents together with its gas cushions an oscillatable system which has a certain resonance frequency, and is therefore preferred the excitation of the vibrations is made at or near this resonance frequency, so that the armature can build up with little power consumption.

The exemplary embodiments explained below all represent self-starting systems.

In FIGS. 11-14 , the armature 10 is shown simply as a pipe end which, for example, can be the extension of a piston rod of a free-flight piston engine. On the armature 10 sits an axially magnetized permanent magnet 12, held by a

Insert 13. Assume that the anchor

in addition to its back and forth movement, it is also freely rotatable; where these prerequisites are not given, the magnet 12 would be rotatable on the armature, but axially fixed.

^2C The armature 10 is drawn in one of its end positions in FIG. 11, namely the left end position. Its oscillating movements take place around a central position, which for the south pole end edge 64 of the permanent magnet 12 is at least approximately in the radial plane 14, and the stroke between the two

End positions 64-64a has the 'size ^. ", .. Ranh- ^ edöcK 317 also be smaller, although the device requires a certain minimum oscillation amplitude, to enable a rotating output.

In each of the two end positions, the flux generated by the magnet 12 passes through a flux that can be magnetized !! Material built up magnetic circuit. In both cases, this circle includes the yoke ring 16a with pole teeth 18a _# pole teeth 36 on the rotor 32 serving as the output member, which is designed as a sleeve-shaped body, and the latter itself. The yoke ring 16b at the other end of the permanent magnet 12 with its pole teeth 18b is constantly penetrated by the river.

In one end position - the one shown in the drawing - the magnetic circuit closes over a stationary pole ring 26a with inner pole teeth 28a and outer pole teeth 30a as well as the Pole teeth 34a on the output member. In the other end position *, the magnetic circuit closes analogously via the Pole teeth 28b of the stationary pole ring 26b, its outer pole teeth 30b and the pole teeth 34b on the output member. Form, arrangement and function of the various Pole teeth will be explained later.

The output member is mounted in a stationary outer housing 40 by means of roller bearings 38a, 38b, which can be flanged to the motor 20, for example. A brake ring 50, which is supported by springs 52, can be made ineffective by moving in the direction of arrow 56 on lever 54, when the output organ is to rotate.

A helical spring 70 is at 72 on the output member 32 and at 74 on a flange 76 the output shaft 82 anchored. It serves as a rotary shock absorber and energy storage during transmission of rotational movements of the organ 32 on the

Wave 82. When the ^ btrifebsSwelte. «It: erheV ^ j / chaii Is loaded with moments of inertia, is first of all potential energy at the beginning of the rotation stored in the spring and then used to accelerate these moments of inertia.

The output shaft 82 is supported by means of ball bearings 78a, 78b in a bearing flange 80 which is attached to the Housing 40 is flanged.

The pole rings 26a and 26b each sit on a support ring 24 and 22, respectively, and the latter is attached to the housing 40 or to the motor 20. “On the free end of the support ring 24 is one Coil 86 attached, which can serve as a starting element for the motor, since it - when applied " with alternating current - the permanent magnets 12 and so that the armature 10 can excite vibrations. An alternating field is also reversed in the coil induced «when the engine is running, so that from it, for example, control pulses for the ignition of the internal combustion engine can be removed, or the supply voltage for the electrical system of a vehicle driven by the engine.

Before the structure and mode of operation of the magnetic circuit commutation are explained below, let us know also mentioned that the permanent magnet does not necessarily have to vibrate with the armature; he can also in the output member or even with the acceptance of two further air gaps in the stationary one Outer housing to be integrated.

In fact, the magnetic coupling between the pole teeth 18a on the armature or on the permanent magnet on the one hand and the pole teeth 36 on the output member 32 ensure that both components rotate synchronously, and that unaffected by the oscillating movement of the magnet, since the teeth 36 by at least the length ^N h ^{N are} longer

than teeth 18a. The & is indicated in-tier drawing, since the magnetic flux 88 closes in any case via these pole tooth pairings.

Referring to Figs the structure of the commutation system is now explained

will.

j In Fig.12, "t" is the division for

the pole teeth 34a marked. Teeth and gaps alternate with the same angular extent, see above

that each tooth has the angular extension t / 2. In the example shown, t = 60 ° _# but it goes without saying that other dimensions are also possible. As shown in FIG. 13, the teeth 34b are aligned with the teeth

34a; Figures 12 and 13 show the same angular position of all parts, but in Figure 13 it is the magnet with its pole teeth 18b only indicated by dashed lines to make it clear that they are in the other level - namely that of Fig.12 - are located.

The pole rim teeth 28a and 30a also have the same angular extent t / 2 (= 30 °). One recognises in Fig.12 and13 that actually the pole rings 26a, 26b with their teeth 28a, 28b and 30a, 30b are simple Segments are magnetic only in the circumferential direction

are isolated from each other. For example, they can be embedded in a non-magnetizable material be. However, the gaps between the segments are as small as possible, so that the angular width of the segments approximately with the division of this pole

. teeth match.

The same pitch t (= 60 °) also applies to the teeth 18b, but they only have an angular extension of t / 4 (= 15), while the gaps between them have three times the angular width.

Finally: from a comparison of the 12 and 13 can still be seen that the segments 26a / 28a / 30a with respect to the segments 26b / 28b / 30b also offset by t / 4 (= 15) in the circumferential direction are.

The implementation of the reciprocating movement of the armature into the orbital movement of the The output organ now runs as follows:

It is assumed that when the anchor is immersed with the organs 12-16b-18b this relative to the stationary segments and to the teeth 34a of the initially assumed to be stationary Output organ had a position as indicated with dashed lines and marked with the word "START". Since the output member must rotate together with the armature, because of the coupling described above via the pole teeth 18a-36, the output member then also has it the position indicated by dashed lines, marked with "(34a)". The one emanating from the teeth 18b FIuS then penetrates the radially closest Element and has the tendency of the air gap to the opposite one only on its half width To reduce tooth 34a. This results in a force of attraction acting in the tangential direction, which causes the output member to rotate at t / 4 leads. The armature takes part in this rotation (because of the magnetic coupling with the output member via 18a-36); but since the teeth 18b are only half the width of the knee opposite the segments, the relevant air gap changes as a result of the subsequent rotation of the armature not. The components therefore assume the positions shown in solid lines in FIG a; the output member has performed a rotation of t / 4.

Is the anchor swinging now? in-Tsedne. other

End position, it hits because of the t '/ "4 offset of the

Segments 26b / 28b / 3Ob on exactly the same re-

lativen situation as when immersing in the other magnetic circuit, and there is a a further quarter turn of the output member and armature. This process then continues when swinging back continues again, and the output organ becomes a not quite uniform, continuous one Rotation driven. However, if higher oscillation frequencies occur, the transitions, and one The spring 70 takes care of the remainder.

14 allows the described sequence j - the "meandering ¹ · movement of a tooth 18b

j 15 relative to the teeth or segment flanks 28a,

j 28b ~ can be seen clearly.

j Instead of the magnetic coupling 18a-36

j there are other ways to ensure that

the armature, together with the output member, has the quarter division rotates, for example by the flanks of the teeth 2Sa and 28b facing the anchor teeth 18b forms that the air gap between the two becomes narrower in the direction of rotation. In the field of Coupling i8a-36 would then have to be provided with simple rings instead of the rings with teeth.

Figures 5 and 16 relate to an embodiment in which two oscillating armatures act on a common rotor. Here a single permanent magnet is provided as a source for a constant magnetic field, and the magnetic flux emanating from it is commutated into the alternating fields acting on the rotor circumference by the oscillating movement of the armature, the phase position of the ^; synchronously oscillating armature is chosen in such a way that

that the alternating fields mentioned act together as a rotating field.

~ v / ORIGINAL INSPECTED

3JT

\ J \ J I /

The two Ankefc "PIO uW-H ** --- with them it is, for example, the piston rods of each piston of a two-cylinder free-flight piston engine can - oscillate with the same frequency, but phase-shifted by 90 °. The one made of non-magnetizable Material existing armature 110, 114 each carry a magnetizable !! material existing pole ring 112 or 116.— The rotor comprises a hollow cylindrical shell 118 from more magnetizable! Material, an annular ring-shaped, arranged centrally in the jacket 118 in its radial plane, radially magnetize permanent magnets 120 and one also made of magnetizable material central yoke rod 122. The rotor is supported by roller bearings only at 124 indicated; the transfer of the rotary motion of the rotor to any external consumers takes place by means of toothed ring 126 and toothed belt 128. On the stationary housing 130 are via non-magnetizable support rings 132, 134, 136 and 138 guide rings 140, 142, 144 and 146 soft magnetic material attached, which wear pole teeth on their outer circumference. The pole teeth each of the guide rings is assigned a toothed pole ring in a radially aligned manner on the rotor. The axial distance the guide rings 140-142 on the one hand and 144-146 on the other hand is equal to the oscillation stroke of the Anchor 110 or 114.

The pole teeth each extend over predetermined angles that are used for all pole sprockets are equal; As shown in Fig.i6, a division of 60 ° is provided here, so that each Polzahn in circumferential direction an extension of 30 °.

The rotor's pole teeth are all in . Axially aligned with each other. Against it

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

JJ I / ö

are the pole teeth of the Leit ^: ringe- "i4c'biV 146 offset in the circumferential direction by half a tooth width (in the example therefore by 15) to one another, in the same direction in the order in which the magnetic circuits of their pole rings after the armature's phase control 112 or 116 are closed, ie "switched on". In FIG. 16, the partial radial sections i6a, 16b, I6c, i6d are shown in the same order:

Fig.i6a refers to the plane 104 of Fig.1 5, in which the magnetic circuit from the pole ring 116 over the guide ring 144 is closed; the rotor was caused by the tangential force due to the tendency of the magnetic field lines to shorten, a half-turn Tooth width completed in the position shown in Fig. 16a, the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow 150 is indicated. The magnetic flux accordingly follows the now shortest path 152. If the armature 114 from this (end) position swings in direction "A" and at the same time armature 110 also swings in direction A, pole ring 112 of the latter dips between the yoke rod 122 and the guide ring 142 and thus closes the magnetic circuit via this, while the pole ring 116 swings out of the area of the guide ring 144. But there the pole teeth of the guide ring 142 are offset by 15 in the circumferential direction compared to those of the guide ring 144 - See Fig. 16b -, specifically in the direction of rotation of the rotor, a force acts on it in the circumferential direction or a torque, because now the magnetic flux lines want to shorten again. This situation can be seen in FIG. 1 6b, which shows the radial section at the level of the line 103 in FIG reproduces. The division angle "t" is also entered in this figure, with division under

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

the angle is understood over which a pole tooth plus the following tooth gap extends. The rest of the process is straightforward: FIG. ¹ 6c shows the arrangement in plane 106 of the FIG. 5, and Fig.'öd finally the position in plane 101 of Fig. ¹ 5. The radial planes 102 and 105 mark the zero position of the armature. It goes without saying that instead of the division t = 60 °, as shown here, other - in particular smaller - divisions can be provided; choose the speed of the rotor per period of oscillation of the armature accordingly to a large extent. It is further understood that the rotation of the rotor theoretically, takes place in individual angular steps, but these steps are grind by the mass inertia of the components involved to a continuous rotation.

The embodiment according to FIG. 17 differs from that according to FIGS. 15 and 16 in that, instead of a rotor with soft magnetic active T-cells, one is provided which itself forms at least one magnetic pole pair by using permanent magnets. In the terminology of 6c.f-.ritt scarf tmo tor en are first-mentioned as reactive "and the latter as" active "rotors referred A further difference lies in the fact that the two A '-.. Krr 210, the first bar magnet eineri 211 or Zi 'as well as my second bar magnet 2M bsv 7--2', which is each arranged antiparallel to the former, so that in each end position of the armature the bundled by the yokes 215, 216 or 215 ', 216 * = Jiagnetfeld UFwep'.vJ t will. The two Ar- .Xer .swing, as in the embodiment r-Ach Fiq.'jr uncib, me

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

90 ° phase shifts ^ rcg, wQmifc .. ε i. etln "process results according to the following table, in the "A" and "B" show the respective end positions of the armature in the directions shown in FIG and "M" is the intermediate position of maximum anchor speed (the anchors follow an essentially sinusoidal path-time behavior) .

Anchor 210 Anchor 214 Laid back in position in position Rotation angle of the Rotor 218 (°) M. A. 0 B. A. 45 B. M. 90 B. B. 135 H B. 180 A. B. 225 A. M. 270 A. A. 315 M. A. 360 = 0

If the rotor 218 is provided with more than one pair of poles, it is of course the magnetic conductor system adjust accordingly. The advantage of using an "active" rotor is that none Pole teeth are to be provided if they can also be used for other reasons.

In the alternative embodiment according to FIG. 18, the two are each an anchor 310 associated permanent bar magnets 311, 312 stationary; when the anchor is swinging, those of them generated magnetic fluxes alternately in the end positions of the armature via conductive pieces 316,318 to the Ends of a magnetically non-conductive, on the armature

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

attached fork 320 on * die.-stat'i © h & ren yoke pieces 322, 324 switched. The impact catfish otherwise corresponds to that of the embodiment according to FIG.

.CWIGtNALJNSPJ = CTED

Claims (18)

DIPL.-ING. H. MARSCH, «.!« .: · '· II f DIPL.-ING. K. SPARING · ^: · ^: "··" - · ■ _KE ThtLsfHAss _E 123 TVTPT -PTTVS TiT? W TT pftWT Postfach 140268 IJXl? Lu · fti IC Ä. XI «. W. ti. KUMi. phone (02 11) 671034 PATENTANWÄLTE TELEX 858 2342 SPRO D ICOIL. TZBTBZTZB BZIM ZDROrXlSCBEIC PATENT OFFICE Dipl.-Ing. Hubert soon
Schützenstrasse 1 5920 Bad Berleburg 927 Pr Expectations Method for converting the oscillating movement of oscillating armatures into rotational movements in the same direction of rotors by generating alternating magnetic fields acting on rotors / those in such spatially temporal sequence are switched that there is synchronism with the rotor rotation, thereby characterized in that magnetic conduction paths are included for the fluxes of constant magnetic fields parts of the rotors are switched on and off directly by the armature movements. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that by a periodic movement of an armature A magnetic flux is switched on and off at least twice. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the two-time switching on and off of a magnetic flux is made essentially in the reverse positions of the armature oscillation. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the two-time switching on and off of a magnetic flux is made essentially in the middle position of the armature oscillation. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that by a periodic movement of an armature at least four times a switching on and off of magnetic fluxes is made and that two switching on and off essentially in the reversal positions and two further switch-on and switch-offs, essentially in the middle position of the armature oscillation be made. 6. Device for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the rotor parts enclosed in the magnetic conduction paths are permanent magnets to form at least one radial oriented pole pairs are arranged. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6 for performing the method according to claim 5, characterized in that for the in the reversal of the armature oscillation switched magnetic Line paths a first rotor part and for the magnetic switched in the middle positions of the armature oscillation Line paths a second rotor part are provided, the second rotor part having twice the number of pole pairs of the first rotor part having. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that that permanent magnets are provided for generating the magnetic direct fluxes. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that a part designed as a permanent magnet with the armature is connected to the switching of the conduction paths. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the part connected to the armature for switching the conduction path consists of magnetically highly conductive material. 11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized characterized in that the oscillating armature is also designed as a rotor. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that that the oscillating rotor is also part of a rotary valve control for opening and closing Einlaßbzw. Outlet openings of fluids to be conveyed is. 13. The method for operating a device according to claim 6, wherein the armature with the free-flight piston of an explosion engine is connected, characterized in that a synchronization of necessary when starting the explosion engine Oscillation movement of the armature and rotational movement of the rotor are made by reversing the direction of action, which is present in normal operation, the rotor is set in rotation by means of an auxiliary motor to start the engine will.. 14. The method of claim 2, wherein each periodic Armature movement causes a magnetic flux to be switched on and off twice, characterized in that that two armatures oscillating synchronously with a 90 degree phase shift generate a rotating field acting on a common rotor. 15. Device for performing the method according to claim 14 for implementing the oscillating movement of two free-flight pistons of explosion engines, characterized in that the two free-flight pistons are synchronized by phase shifting the ignition pulses derived from a common ignition system and are out of phase. 16. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that an additional switching on and off is generated via an auxiliary coil Magnetic flux is effected in such a way that the alternating field generated therewith together with the Hechseifeldern generated directly by the armature movement is switched to a rotating field. 17. The method according to claim 2, in which a two-time switching on and off of a magnetic flux is effected by each periodic armature movement, characterized in that a component involved in switching the magnetic fluxes on and off and oscillating with the armature is additionally rotatably arranged and thereby a four-phase rotating field is switched. 18. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 17, characterized by a permanent magnet oscillating with the armature and magnetized in the direction of oscillation, the at least one Pole ring with pole teeth having a width χ and gaps between these having a width 3x, at least the magnet being rotatable about the axis of its magnetization, by two, of which Pole ring alternately passed stationary pole rings with im . essential gap-free segments -5- of width 2x, which are in the circumferential direction to each other are offset by χ, and arranged coaxially to the pole rings with an output shaft Couplable output member with magnetically coupled via air gaps with one of the pole rings Inner pole teeth of pole rings, with the inner pole teeth having a width of 2 χ between gaps of width 2x and the inner pole teeth of both pole rings are axially aligned, the output member and the magnet are rotationally synchronized with one another. 19 _e device according to claim 17, characterized in that the output member and the magnet are rotatably coupled by a magnetic coupling. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the magnetic coupling is a part of the magnetic circuit traversed by the flux of the permanent magnet. 21. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 2, characterized in that two A common constant field is assigned to armatures oscillating with 90 ° phase shift, which is generated by a single permanent magnet. 22. The device according to claim ²¹ , characterized in that the permanent magnet forms part of the rotor which is jointly assigned to the two armatures. 23. Device for performing the method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the rotor itself has at least one pole pair generated by a rotating permanent magnet which interacts with the rotating field generated. 24. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the Abtriebsorgän via a elastic member is connected to the output shaft. 25. Device according to one of the claims 18 to 20 or 24, characterized by an auxiliary coil penetrated by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet.