Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
  • C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
  • C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
  • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
  • D21H17/06—Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/38—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing crosslinkable groups
  • D21H17/39—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing crosslinkable groups forming ether crosslinkages, e.g. alkylol groups

Definitions

• the invention is concerned with paper that contains chemically substituted cellulose.
• the paper in accordance with the invention has particularly good rot-proof and wet-strength properties. It can be used, e.g., as a raw-material for plant pot systems.
• Rot-proof papers are used for a great number of purposes. In agriculture and forestry, they are used, e.g., as production material for plant pot systems
• the present-day production methods are based thereon that varying quantities of PVA fibres are mixed into the paper, by means of which fibres the desired strength against decomposition is obtained for the paper.
• a drawback of this method is the relatively high cost of the said fibres. It would be preferable to use such a rot-proof paper as is based exclusively on natural fibres.
• anti-rot agents By adding anti-rot agents to the paper, it is possible to provide a certain, but not sufficient, strength against decomposition. Possible toxic effects of anti-rot agents also restrict their more extensive use.
• the reaction conditions are as- mild as possible when these derivatives are being prepared.
• a paper that contains cellulose fibre chemically substituted with N-methylol compounds has an excellent strength against decomposition and wet strength.
• the expression paper also means paperboard, board, and other, similar products.
• N-methylol compounds that can be concerned are reaction products or urea, glyoxal, and formaldehyde, such as dimethylol-dihydroxy-ethylene- urea (DMDHEU) , monomethylol-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (MMDHE ⁇ ) , dihydroxy-ethyleneurea (DHEU) , and acetylene-di ureas. Also methylolated mela ines and N-methylol-acryl- amide-copolymers can be used.
• DMDHEU dimethylol-dihydroxy-ethylene- urea
• MMDHE ⁇ monomethylol-dihydroxy-ethyleneurea
• DHEU dihydroxy-ethyleneurea
• acetylene-di ureas acetylene-di ureas.
• methylolated mela ines and N-methylol-acryl- amide-copolymers can be used.
• the paper in accordance with the invention is preferably prepared by surface-treating conventional paper.
• high temperatures or, in particular, a long reaction time it is recommended to use surface treatment taking place in a unit separate from the paper machine.
• N-methylol compounds additionally require a catalyst in order to react with cellulose.
• Latent or potential acids can function as a catalyst.
• a typical catalyst is MgC ⁇ ; an appropriate catalyst concentration is, e.g., 20 per cent by weight as calculated from the reactive compound.
• the temper ⁇ ature may be, e.g., between 130 C and 200 C, prefer ⁇ ably between 140°C and 180°C.
• the condensa-tion time required depends on the temperature. If a strongly acid catalyst and a high temperature are used, a very short condensation time can be obtained.
• the raw-materials of the papers in accordance with the invention are of relatively low cost, the papers can be manufactured under quite mild conditions, and, since only reagents soluble or dispersed in water are used in the production, the production is also easy from the point of view of work hygiene.
• the papers in accordance with the invention have good strength against decomposition and good wet strength, and the degree of these properties can also be adjusted easily by varying the degree of substitution or cross-linkage of the cellulose.
• the N-methylol compounds also increase the dimensional stability and rigidity of the paper products, which is advantageous, e.g., in the production and use of corrugated fibreboard.
• the papers can be used in principle for all applications in which good strength against decomposi ⁇ tion or good wet strength is required.
• packaging materials such as sacks, corrugated fibreboards, boxes and barrels, paper strings, and in particular plant pots and plant-growing bases.
• Such a paper can be manufactured, e.g., by into bleached pine sulfate pulp, under acid conditions, mixing rosin-sized reject that contains 50 to 100 per cent by weight of birch fibre as gently pulped. Out of the pulp prepared in this way, a paper is obtained that contains floes of hardwood fibres in a matrix of conifer fibres, provided that it is taken care that the floes v. cannot be disintegrated in pumps or agitators.
• a paper which decomposes by forming holes can also be prepared by applying substance containing carboxyl groups on certain spots of the paper. On these spots N-methylol compound will react only with this "protective substance” and cellulose will remain un- substitued.
• a suitable substance is e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
• CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
• -It is suitable to use an aqueous solu ⁇ tion of low viscosity in order to get the absorption of the substance sufficient.
• a suitable CMC concentration is e.g. 7 % .
• the substance containing carboxyl groups can be added into the paper e.g. with a screen cylinder. After the aqueous solution has been added the water is evaporated by drying. Thus the substance adheres to the fibres and spreading of the substance outside of the spots is avoided.
• the size and amount of the spots are more easily regulated than in the floe method.
• both the corrugating medium (fluting) and the facing are treated with a N-methylol compound before corrugating and joining of the layers together.
• a sufficient impregna ⁇ tion is also obtained for the middle layer of the corrugated fibreboard.
• the glue for corrugated fibre- board must be waterproof.
• Such a glue is, for example, starch paste to which synthetic resin, such as urea- formaldehyde or resorcinol-formaldehyde, has been added.
• the condensation of the N-methylol compound takes suitably place after corrugation.
• the facing and fluting board qualities available at present As raw-materials of corrugated fibreboard, it is possible to use the facing and fluting board qualities available at present. It is, however, impor ⁇ tant that the sizing degree of the facing is as low as possible, which facilitates the impregnation. There is also a risk that side reactions occur between carboxyl- containing resin sizes and the N-methylol compound.
• the present-day corrugating medium is often made of semi-chemical hardwood pulp. Such a quality, however, contains an abundance of carboxyl groups, because of which it is preferable that, e.g., corrugating medium made of conifer (or perhaps wastepaper) fibres is used.
• the strength of the papers in accordance with the invention was tested by fermenting them for three days in a solution containing
• Example 2 With papers impregnated with DMDHEU, pro ⁇ longed decomposition tests were also performed (Example 2) .
• the samples were placed into boxes which were filled with soil, pH 4.8, conductivity 4.7, and con- centrations of nutrient agents (mg/1) : Ca 830, K 117, F 20, Mg 283, and N 10.
• the boxes were kept in a "Potma” incubator at 30°C and in a relative humidity of 75 %.
• the tensile strengths were determined in accordance with the SCAN standards by means of an "Alwetron" apparatus.
• Example 1 MMDHEU-impregnated paper
• the increase in weight on impregnation as well as the tensile strength as wet and as dry before and after the fermentation were measured.
• Papers were impregnated with solutions containing 2 to 8 % of dimethylol-di- hydroxyethyleneurea (MgCl- as catalyst) for 10 s at 25 C and dried for 10 min at 160°C.
• MgCl- as catalyst dimethylol-di- hydroxyethyleneurea
• Example 3 Paper impregnated with urea-glyoxal resin (DHEU)
• Impregnated with urea-glyoxal resin (1:1) dried for 10 min. at about 150°C.
• Example 5 Paper impregnated with methylolated melamine
• the paper was impregnated for 20 s with a solution that contained 80 g/1 of methylolated melamine ("Kaurit M-70", Basf) and 8 g/1 of MgCl, x 6 H 5 0, and it was condensed for about 10 min. at 160 to 170°C. ⁇
• Example 6 Bleached pine sulfate paper impregnated with mono-, di-, tri- or tetramethylol-acetylene-diurea
• the resin was prepared as follows: a mixture of urea, glyoxal, and formaldehyde (2:1:1-4) was diluted to a solution of 0.5 M with water, the pH was adjusted to 8 to 9 , and the mixture was allowed to stand for about 5 h.
• Paper was impregnated with the solution and dried at about 150°C for 10 min.
• the catalyst was MgCl 2 • 6H 2 0 as a quantity of 20 % from the weight of the resin.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

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• 1983
  • 1983-05-19 FI FI831767A patent/FI831767L/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1984
  • 1984-05-16 IT IT67489/84A patent/IT1179667B/it active
  • 1984-05-17 ES ES532545A patent/ES8607452A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1984-05-18 FR FR8407733A patent/FR2546197B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1984-05-18 CA CA000454769A patent/CA1247307A/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-05-21 BR BR8406599A patent/BR8406599A/pt unknown
  • 1984-05-21 US US06/691,564 patent/US4610761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-05-21 NL NL8420130A patent/NL8420130A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-05-21 WO PCT/FI1984/000040 patent/WO1984004553A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1984-05-21 DE DE19843490237 patent/DE3490237T1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-05-21 JP JP59502012A patent/JPS60501317A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-05-21 GB GB08430283A patent/GB2149826B/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-05-21 AU AU29605/84A patent/AU571235B2/en not_active Ceased
• 1985
  • 1985-01-16 SE SE8500195A patent/SE8500195D0/xx unknown
  • 1985-01-18 SU SU853843341A patent/SU1429945A3/ru active

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